Determining the Mass Percent Composition in an Aqueous Solution

概要

Source: Laboratory of Dr. Neal Abrams — SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry

Determining the composition of a solution is an important analytical and forensic technique. When solutions are made with water, they are referred to as being aqueous, or containing water. The primary component of a solution is referred to as the solvent, and the dissolved minor component is called the solute. The solute is dissolved in the solvent to make a solution. Water is the most common solvent in everyday life, as well as nearly all biological systems. In chemistry labs, the solvent may be another liquid, like acetone, ether, or an alcohol. The solute can be a liquid or a solid, but this experiment only addressesthe determination of solids.

手順

1. Percent by Mass - Direct

  1. Place a small volume of a solution into a clean and oven-dried beaker or crystallization dish.
  2. After accurately determining the precise total mass of the solution, heat the beaker or dish on a hotplate or in an oven to drive off the water. Slow evaporation is the best method, as boiling can result in splattering of the solution.
  3. Once the solvent has evaporated, cool the remaining solid (solute) and determine the mass.
  4. Calculate the mass percent as:

    Log in or to access full content. Learn more about your institution’s access to JoVE content here

結果

Using the example shown in Figure 1, a set of sodium chloride standards was prepared with mass percent compositions of 5.000%, 10.00%, 15.00%, 20.00%, and 25.00% of solute in solution. The measured densities were 1.025, 1.042, 1.060, 1.070, and 1.090 g/mL, respectively. After plotting these data, a linear trendline is applied, fitting the equation y = 3.446 x 10-3x + 1.0048, where y is the density and x is the mass percent composition.

Next, the volume o

Log in or to access full content. Learn more about your institution’s access to JoVE content here

申請書と概要

The percentage of sugar in soda, could easily be determinedusing the principle of mass percent composition. The procedure for doing this experiment would be to measure the mass and volume of degassed soda (no bubbles) and to calculate the solution's density. A calibration curve of density vs. percent by mass for several standard sucrose (sugar) solutionswould need to be created, and then that calibration could be used to solve for the percent of sucrose in the soda. One assumption is that sucrose is the major contributor to a change in d

Log in or to access full content. Learn more about your institution’s access to JoVE content here

タグ
Mass Percent CompositionAqueous SolutionSolventSoluteConcentrationOrganic SolventsMass PercentWeight Percent

スキップ先...

0:00

Overview

1:13

Principles of Mass Percent

3:17

Direct Determination of Mass Percent

4:07

Determination of Mass Percent Using Density

5:26

Applications

7:09

Summary

このコレクションのビデオ:

article

Now Playing

Determining the Mass Percent Composition in an Aqueous Solution

General Chemistry

382.6K 閲覧数

article

共通の実験室ガラス製品と用途

General Chemistry

650.8K 閲覧数

article

・濃度

General Chemistry

271.6K 閲覧数

article

固体と液体の密度を決定します。

General Chemistry

552.8K 閲覧数

article

経験式を決定します。

General Chemistry

178.1K 閲覧数

article

イオン性化合物の溶解度ルールの決定

General Chemistry

140.8K 閲覧数

article

PH メーターを使用してください。

General Chemistry

343.2K 閲覧数

article

滴定の概要

General Chemistry

421.6K 閲覧数

article

理想気体法律

General Chemistry

77.5K 閲覧数

article

平衡定数の吸光光度定量

General Chemistry

157.9K 閲覧数

article

ル Châtelier の原理

General Chemistry

262.7K 閲覧数

article

未知の化合物を決定するための凝固点降下

General Chemistry

159.4K 閲覧数

article

率の法律および反作用の順序を決定します。

General Chemistry

195.4K 閲覧数

article

エンタルピーの示差走査熱量測定の変更を使用してください。

General Chemistry

44.3K 閲覧数

article

錯体化学

General Chemistry

90.6K 閲覧数

JoVE Logo

個人情報保護方針

利用規約

一般データ保護規則

研究

教育

JoVEについて

Copyright © 2023 MyJoVE Corporation. All rights reserved