注：無菌培養条件を維持するためには、このプロトコルの手順のすべては、無菌室の安全基準を用いて実施し、層流フードの下に行われている。 開始する前に、すべてのメディアは℃、適切にガス処刑37に平衡であることを確認してください。 Geltrexコーティングした培養皿の準備注意：CELLstartコート培養皿を使用するための付録を参照してください<ol><li> 2〜8雪解けGeltrexの一管（1mL）をゆっくり° CとノックアウトD-MEM/F-12の99 mLので1:100にそれを希釈する。穏やかに解決策を混ぜる。 注：一部のiPS細胞株は、最適な成長のための異なるGeltrexの希釈が必要な場合があります。代替希釈については、付録を参照してください。 </li><li> Geltrex溶液（35 - mmディッシュに1 mLを、60 mmディッシュでは1.5 mL）でそれぞれ培養皿の表面全体をカバーしています。 </li><li>乾燥を防ぎ、37℃で1時間のための皿をインキュベートするためにパラフィルムで各皿をシール℃に 注：最大1ヶ月間この時点では、4℃でGeltrexコーティングした培養皿が格納されることがあります。乾燥からGeltrexを防ぐためパラフィルムで各皿をシール。 </li><li>使用する前に、層流フードへGeltrex -コートディッシュを転送し、それらが室温（約1時間）に平衡化することができます。 </li></ol>完全ノックアウトSRフィーダーを含まない培地を準備<ol><li> 10μg/ mLの基本的なFGFの溶液1 mLを準備するには、無菌的に以下のコンポーネントを混在させること。 -20℃で分注しソリューションと店舗までの6ヶ月間。 <table border="0"><tbody><tr><td>塩基性FGF </td><td> 10μgの</td></tr><tr><td> D - PBS </td><td> 990μL </td></tr><tr><td> 10％BSA </td><td> 10μL </td></tr></tbody></table> 注：BSAは、同じ濃度でHSAまたはノックアウトSRで置換することができます。 </li><li> 2 mg / mLのディスパーゼの溶液50mlを準備するには、無菌的に以下のコンポーネントを混在させること。 4の解と店舗℃で2週間までを滅菌フィルタします。 <table border="0"><tbody><tr><td>ディスパーゼ</td><td> 100mgの</td></tr><tr><td> D - PBS </td><td> 50 mLの</td></tr></tbody></table></li><li>完全なノックアウトSRフィーダーフリー（KSR - FF）培地は無菌的に以下の表に示すコンポーネントを組み合わせて100 mlを調製する。 <table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> コンポーネント </td><td> ストック濃度 </td><td> 最終濃度 </td><td> ボリューム </td></tr><tr><td>ノックアウトDMEM/F12（カタログ番号。12660〜012） </td><td> - </td><td> 1X </td><td> 76.8 mLの</td></tr><tr><td>グルタミン- I（製品番号35050〜061） </td><td> 200mMの</td><td> 2mMの</td><td> 1 mLの</td></tr><tr><td>ノックアウトSR（カタログ番号。10828〜028） </td><td> - </td><td> 20パーセント</td><td> 20 mLの</td></tr><tr><td>ノックアウトSR - GFC（カタログ番号。A10580 - 01） </td><td> 50X </td><td> 1X </td><td> 2 mLの</td></tr><tr><td> bFGFの（カタログ番号。PHG0024） </td><td> 10μg/ mLの</td><td> 20 ng / mLの</td><td> 200μL </td></tr></tbody></table>最大1週間までには2-8 ° CでKSR - FF媒体を格納することがあります。 </li><li>温度とガスに完全培地を事前に平衡化する直前に、無菌的に0.1mMの最終濃度は2 - メルカプトエタノールの必要量（55 mMストック濃度）を追加します。例えば、KSR - FFの培地100mlを準備することは2 - メルカプトエタノール（1:550希釈）あるいは55mmの182μLを追加、2 - メルカプトエタノールは、のために1X完了培地に添加し、2〜8℃で保存することができる最大1週間まで。 </li></ol> KSR - FFミディアムに性IPSCを適応<ol><li>起動する前に、フードの室温におGeltrexコートディッシュをあらかじめ平衡化します。 </li><li> MEFフィーダー細胞上の文化は性IPSC彼ら70〜80％コンフルエントになるまで。 MEFベースの文化のプロトコルのためGIBCOマウス胎児線維芽細胞のハンドブックを参照してください。 </LI&gt; <li> 37℃の水浴中でディスパーゼのプレ暖かい必要なボリューム。必要なボリュームの詳細については、下記の表1を参照してください。 </li><li> 37℃の水浴で15分間でKSR - FFの必要量を事前に平衡化します。必要なボリュームの詳細については、下記の表1を参照してください。 </li><li>培養皿から培地を吸引し、ディスパーゼソリューションの適切な量を追加します。 3〜5分間37℃で料理をインキュベートする。 </li><li>各培養容器からディスパーゼソリューションを吸引し、D - PBS（2〜3倍）で穏やかにMEFフィーダー細胞を洗い流してください。 </li><li>それぞれの培養容器に完全ノックアウトSR媒体の適切な量を追加。静かに培養容器の表面から細胞をこすり取る際には、セルスクレイパーまたは5 mLのピペットを使用してください。 注：iPS細胞ラインに適応するのは難しいため、代替適応プロトコルについては、付録Aを参照して、 </li><li>別の15 mLコニカルチューブに各培養皿から細胞懸濁液を収集する。完全なノックアウトSR媒体の適切な量と各培養容器をすすぎ、およびD - PBSで細胞懸濁液を含む15 mLコニカルチューブに培地をすすぎに追加します。単一の細胞に細胞塊を壊さないように注意が必要です</li><li>ペレット性IPSC〜5分間、200 xgで15 mLコニカルチューブを遠心する。 </li><li> IPSCペレットから上清を吸引除去する。スプリット比（表1）によるとKSR - FF媒体の適切な量のペレットを再懸濁する。小さな塊が表面にうまく接続していないので、小さいサイズにし、細胞塊を分割しないでください。 注：性IPSCはIPSC MEFの培養培地からKSR - FFの培地に直接継代された後、我々はまず、3継代のための1:2の分割比をお勧めします。通常は、1:3および1:5の間でスプリット比は適切ですが、1:2の継代は、フィーダーフリー文化に適応する際に必要な細胞の高密度を実現します。 </li><li> Geltrexコートディッシュ上性IPSCをめっきする前に、事前にコートしたディッシュから残留Geltrexソリューションを吸引し、ゆっくりと各培養皿に細胞懸濁液の適切な量を追加します。注：メッキの前に皿を洗っていない。 </li><li>皿の表面を横切って細胞を分散させるために側に数回に前後に培養皿を移動し、サイド。ゆっくりと空気中の4〜6％CO 2の加湿雰囲気下で37℃のインキュベーターで培養皿を置きます。 KSR - FFによる使用済み培地を毎日交換してください。 </li></ol> KSR - FFを用いてヒトiPS細胞を継代<ol start="13"><li>細胞は70〜80％コンフルエントと継代培養する準備ができていることを確認するために顕微鏡下で完全なKSR - FFに成長している人間性IPSCを守ってください。図1を参照してください。 注：コロニーがあまりにも密すぎたり大きくなり場合、増加分化が発生する。 </li><li>切り出しと文化を継代する前にあらゆる差別IPSCコロニーを削除します。 </li><li> 37℃の水浴中でディスパーゼのプレ暖かい必要なボリューム。必要なボリュームの詳細については、下記の表1を参照してください。 </li><li> 37℃の水浴で15分間でKSR - FFの必要量を事前に平衡化します。必要なボリュームの詳細については、下記の表1を参照してください。 </li><li>ピペットを用いて培養容器から使用済み培地を吸引し、そしてD - PBSで細胞を2回すすいでください。 </li><li>ゆっくりと培養容器（例えば、60 mmの培養皿あたりのディスパーゼ溶液1 mL）に予め温めておいたディスパーゼのソリューションを追加します。コー​​ト全体の細胞表面をにスワール培養容器を。 </li><li> 3分間37℃で培養容器をインキュベートする。 </li><li>インキュベーターから容器を削除、ディスパーゼソリューションを吸引し、そして穏やかに、D - PBSで細胞を洗浄する。 </li><li>優しくセルスクレイパーを用いて培養皿の表面から細胞をこすり、および滅菌15mlの遠心チューブに細胞を移す。 </li><li>静かに切り離されていない任意のセルを&quot;オフ噴霧&quot;、KSR - FFで二回培養皿をすすぎます。プールは、15mlのチューブで細胞と培地を洗い流してください。 </li><li>ペレットに室温で5分間、細胞を200 xgでチューブを遠心分離します。 </li><li>慎重に細胞ペレットを乱すことなく上清を吸引し、それを捨てる。 </li><li>ゆっくりと完全にチューブの底から細胞ペレットを取り除くために、チューブをフリック。 </li><li>静かに5mLの血清学的ピペットを用いて予め平衡KSR - FFで細胞を懸濁します。粉薬しないでください。注：それは静かに損傷を避けるために、力を使わずに細胞を再懸濁するステップで非常に重要です。 </li><li>目的のスプリット比で新鮮な60 mmのGeltrex -コートしたディッシュに細胞を移し、その表面を横切って細胞を分散させる側にし、サイド前後に数回の培養皿を移動する。 </li><li>の加湿雰囲気下で37℃のインキュベーターで培養皿を置きます4から6パーセントの空気中のCO 2。 </li><li>次の日、穏やかに細胞破片を除去するためにKSR - FFで使用済み培地を交換してください。その後毎日の使用済み培地を交換してください。 （およそ4-5日）、必要に応じてそれらを毎日通過iPS細胞を守ってください。継代は細胞が70-80％のコンフルエントに達したときに推奨されます。 iPS細胞の凍結保存および解凍の場合は、&quot;完全ノックアウト血清代替のフィーダーを含まない培地を用いてヒトiPS細胞のCryopreservingと回復&quot;という我々のプロトコルを参照してください。 </li></ol>予想される結果<img src="/files/ftp_upload/2236/2236fig1.jpg" alt="図1" /> 図1下の位相コントラスト画像は、完全にノックアウト血清代替のフィーダーフリー培地を使用してGeltrexコーティングした培養皿上に成長性IPSCを示しています。性IPSCは、大規模な核とわずかな細胞質を特徴とヒトES細胞への形態似て示す。 （40倍拡大） <table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> コンポーネント </td><td> 35mmのディッシュ </td><td> 60ミリメートルディッシュ </td><td> 100mmディッシュ </td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>完全にノックアウトSR培地</td><td> 2 mLの</td><td> 4 mLの</td><td> 10mLの</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Geltrexソリューション</td><td> 1 mLの</td><td> 1.5 mLの</td><td> 4〜5 mLの</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>ディスパーゼ</td><td> 0.5mLの</td><td> 1 mLの</td><td> 3〜4 mLの</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>すすぎのためのD - PBS </td><td> 2 mLの</td><td> 4 mLの</td><td> 10mLの</td></tr></tbody></table> 表1。推奨されるボリューム <a href="http://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/2236/2236appendix.pdf">付録を見るにはここをクリックしてください</a> 。

<ol>
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この記事の著者は、この記事で使用した試薬と器具を生産Life Technologies社によって採用されています。

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		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>Knockout DMEM/F12</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Cat. no. 12660-012</td>
<td>Note: see appendix for the use of alternative DMEM products</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GlutaMAX-I</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Cat. No. 35050-061</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>KnockOut Serum Replacement</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>KnockOut SR, Cat. no. 10828-028</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>KnockOut Serum Replacement Growth Factor Cocktail</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>KnockOut SR-GFC, Cat. no. A10580-01</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>FGF-basic, human recombinant protein, 10 &mu;g</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>bFGF, Cat. no. PHG0024</td>
<td>Note: see appendix for alternative bFGF pack sizes.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2-Mercaptoethanol</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Cat. no. 21985-023</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Dispase</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Cat. no. 17105-041</td>
<td>Note: see appendix for alternative passaging methods.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Geltrex hESC-Qualified Reduced Growth Factor Basement Matrix, 1 mL</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Cat. no. A10480-01</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Dulbecco&#x2019;s Phosphate Buffered Saline (D-PBS) without calcium and magnesium </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Cat. no. 14190-144</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Sterile Tissue Culture Hood</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Incubator set at 37&deg;C</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Pipette-Aid</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>Water Bath set at 37&deg;C</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Sterile serological pipettes (5 mL, 10 mL)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Centrifuge</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>15 mL centrifuge tubes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>60mm Tissue Culture treated dishes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
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feeder-free adaptation, culture and passaging of human ips cells using complete knockout serum replacement feeder-free medium

ヒトとマウスの線維芽細胞は、胚性幹細胞に非常に似て資質と1月3日 iPS細胞を生成するために再プログラムできることを2006年の発見は、創薬、細胞治療、および基礎研究のための多能性細胞の貴重な新しいソースを作成しました。 GIBCOの培地および試薬は、年間の多能性幹細胞研究の最前線にされている。 DMEMはノックアウト血清代替物を添加したノックアウトは胚性幹細胞の成長と現在のiPS細胞培養3-9最適なメディアです。この金の標準的なメディアシステムは、現在、ノックアウトSRの成長因子のカクテルを追加してフィーダーを含まない培養に使用することができます。 従来のヒトESやiPS細胞の培養法はマウスやヒトの線維芽細胞フィーダー層の使用、またはフィーダ-馴化培地を必要とする。これらの培養法は、スケールにハード、労働集約的であり、それが原因で未定義の条件に未分化腰の細胞を維持することは困難である。インビトロジェンはまだノックアウトSRの使用を維持しながら、フィーダーフリーへの移行、お尻の細胞培養を容易にできるようにノックアウトSRの成長因子のカクテルを開発しました。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Feeder-Free Adaptation, Culture and Passaging of Human IPS Cells using Complete KnockOut Serum Replacement Feeder-Free Medium at JoVE.com

Feeder-Free Adaptation, Culture and Passaging of Human IPS Cells using Complete KnockOut Serum Replacement Feeder-Free Medium

以下のプロトコルは、完全なノックアウト血清代替のフィーダーフリー培地（KSR - FF）を使用して、フィーダーフリー文化に人間の人工多能性幹（iPS）細胞を適応させるための命令が用意されています。適応一度、継続的に維持するための手順も記載されています。

完全ノックアウト血清代替フィーダーを含まない培地を用いてヒトiPS細胞のフィーダーフリー適応、文化と継

The discovery in 2006 that human and mouse fibroblasts could be reprogrammed to generate iPS cells 1-3 with qualities remarkably similar to embryonic stem ...

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ビデオ: Feeder-Free Adaptation, Culture and Passaging of Human IPS Cells using Complete KnockOut Serum Replacement Feeder-Free Medium

Passaging HuES Human Embryonic Stem Cell-lines with Trypsin.

In this video we demonstrate how our lab routinely passages HuES human embryonic stem cell lines with trypsin.  Human embryonic stem cells are artifacts of cell culture, and tend to acquire karyotypic abnormalities with high population doublings.  Proper passaging is essential for maintaining a healthy, undifferentiated, karyotypically normal HuES human embryonic stem cell culture.  First, an expanding culture is washed in PBS to remove residual media and cell debris, then cells are overlaid with a minimal volume of warm 0.05% Trypsin-EDTA.  Trypsin is left on the cells for up to five minutes, then cells are gently dislodged with a 2mL serological pipette.  The cell suspension is collected and mixed with a large volume of HuES media, then cells are collected by gentle centrifugation.  The inactivated trypsin media mixture is removed, and cells resuspended in pre-warmed HuES media.  An appropriate split ratio is calculated (generally 1:10 to 1:20), and cells re-plated onto a 1-2 day old plate containing a monolayer of irradiated mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder cells.  The newly seeded HuES culture plate is left undisturbed for 48 hrs, then media is changed every day thereafter.  It is important not to trpsinize down to a single cell suspension, as this increases the risk of introducing karyotypic abnormalities.

In this video we demonstrate how our lab routinely passages HuES human embryonic stem cell lines with trypsin. Brought to you by JoVE.

トリプシンで継代色合いヒト胚性幹細胞、線

In this video we demonstrate how our lab routinely passages HuES human embryonic stem cell lines with trypsin.  Human embryonic stem cells are artifacts ...

生物学

Human ES cells: Starting Culture from Frozen Cells

Here we demonstrate how our lab begins a HuES human embryonic stem cell line culture from a frozen stock.  First, a one to two day old ten cm plate of  approximately one (to two) million irradiated mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder cells is rinsed with HuES media to remove residual serum and cell debris, and then HuES media added and left to equilibrate in the cell culture incubator.  A frozen vial of cells from long term liquid nitrogen storage or a -80C freezer is sourced and quickly submerged in a 37C water bath for quick thawing.  Cells in freezing media are then removed from the vial and placed in a large volume of HuES media.  The large volume of HuES media facilitates removal of excess serum and DMSO, which can cause HuES human embryonic stem cells to differentiate.  Cells are gently spun out of suspension, and then re-suspended in a small volume of fresh HuES media that is then used to seed the MEF plate.  It is considered important to seed the MEF plate by gently adding the HuES cells in a drop wise fashion to evenly disperse them throughout the plate.  The newly established HuES culture plate is returned to the incubator for 48 hrs before media is replaced, then is fed every 24 hours thereafter.

Here we demonstrate how our lab begins a HuES human embryonic stem cell line culture from a frozen stock.

冷凍細胞から出発培養：ヒトES細胞

Here we demonstrate how our lab begins a HuES human embryonic stem cell line culture from a frozen stock.  First, a one to two day old ten cm plate of  ...

Passaging Human Neural Stem Cells

The ability to manipulate human neural stem/precursor cells (hNSPCs) in vitro provides a means to investigate their utility as cell transplants for therapeutic purposes as well as to explore many fundamental processes of human neural development and pathology.  This protocol presents a simple method of culturing and passaging hNSPCs in hopes of standardizing this technique and increasing reproducibility of human stem cell research.  The hNSPCs we use were isolated from cadaveric postnatal brain cortices by the National Human Neural Stem Cell Resource and grown as adherent cultures on flasks coated with fibronectin (Palmer et al., 2001; Schwartz et al., 2003).  We culture our hNSPCs in a DMEM:F12 serum-free media supplemented with EGF, FGF, and PDGF and passage them 1:2 approximately every seven days.  Using these conditions, the majority of the cells in the culture maintain a bipolar morphology and express markers of undifferentiated neural stem cells (such as nestin and sox2).

The ability to manipulate human neural stem/precursor cells (hNSPCs) in vitro allows to investigate their utility as cell transplants for therapeutic purposes and to explore human neural development. This protocol presents a method of culturing and passaging hNSPCs in hopes of increasing reproducibility of human stem cell research.

ヒト神経幹細胞を継代

The ability to manipulate human neural stem/precursor cells (hNSPCs) in vitro provides a means to investigate their utility as cell transplants for ...

Culture and Maintenance of Human Embryonic Stem Cells  

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells must be monitored and cared for in order to maintain healthy, undifferentiated cultures. At minimum, the cultures must be  fed  every day by performing a complete medium change to replenish lost nutrients and to keep the cultures free of unwanted differentiation factors. Although a small amount of differentiation is normal and expected in stem cell cultures, the culture should be routinely cleaned up by manually removing, or "picking" differentiated areas. Identifying and removing excess differentiation from hES cell cultures are essential techniques in the maintenance of a healthy population of cells.

Culture and Maintenance of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

This protocol demonstrates how to maintain healthy, undifferentiated human embryonic stem (ES) cells.

ヒト胚性幹細胞の文化とメンテナンス

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells must be monitored and cared for in order to maintain healthy, undifferentiated cultures. At minimum, the cultures must be ...

Cryopreserving and Recovering of Human iPS Cells using Complete KnockOut Serum Replacement Feeder-Free Medium

The discovery in 2006 that human and mouse fibroblasts could be reprogrammed to generate iPS cells 1-3 with qualities remarkably similar to embryonic stem cells has created a valuable new source of pluripotent cells for drug discovery, cell therapy, and basic research.
GIBCO media and reagents have been at the forefront of pluripotent stem cell research for years. Knockout DMEM supplemented with Knockout Serum Replacement is the media of choice for embryonic stem cell growth and now iPS cell culture 3-9. This gold standard media system can now be used for feeder-free culture with the addition of Knockout SR Growth Factor Cocktail.
Traditional human ES and iPS cell culture methods require the use of mouse or human fibroblast feeder layers, or feeder-conditioned medium. These culture methods are labor-intensive, hard to scale and it is difficult to maintain hiPS cells undifferentiated due to the undefined conditions. Invitrogen has developed Knockout SR Growth Factor Cocktail to allow you to easily transition your hiPS and hES cell cultures to feeder-free while still maintaining your use of Knockout SR.

This protocol describes the detailed procedure for cryopreserving human iPS cells in KnockOut SR cryopreservation medium and recovering these cells in complete KnockOut SR Feeder Free (KSR-FF) medium or feeder-based KnockOut SR medium.

完全ノックアウト血清代替のフィーダーを含まない培地を用いてヒトiPS細胞のCryopreservingおよびリカバリ

Generation of Human Cardiomyocytes: A Differentiation Protocol from Feeder-free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

In order to investigate the events driving heart development and to determine the molecular mechanisms leading to myocardial diseases in humans, it is essential first to generate functional human cardiomyocytes (CMs). The use of these cells in drug discovery and toxicology studies would also be highly beneficial, allowing new pharmacological molecules for the treatment of cardiac disorders to be validated pre-clinically on cells of human origin. Of the possible sources of CMs, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are among the most promising, as they can be derived directly from readily accessible patient tissue and possess an intrinsic capacity to give rise to all cell types of the body 1. Several methods have been proposed for differentiating iPS cells into CMs, ranging from the classical embryoid bodies (EBs) aggregation approach to chemically defined protocols 2,3. In this article we propose an EBs-based protocol and show how this method can be employed to efficiently generate functional CM-like cells from feeder-free iPS cells.

Pluripotent stem cells, either embryonic or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, constitute a valuable source of human differentiated cells, including cardiomyocytes. Here, we will focus on cardiac induction of iPS cells, showing how to use them to obtain functional human cardiomyocytes through an embryoid bodies-based protocol.

ヒト心筋細胞の生成：フィーダーフリーヒト人工多能性幹細胞からの分化プロトコル

In order to investigate the events driving heart development and to determine the molecular mechanisms leading to myocardial diseases in humans, it is ...

Isolation of Small Noncoding RNAs from Human Serum

The analysis of RNA and its expression is a common feature in many laboratories. Of significance is the emergence of small RNAs like microRNAs, which are found in mammalian cells. These small RNAs are potent gene regulators controlling vital pathways such as growth, development and death and much interest has been directed at their expression in bodily fluids. This is due to their dysregulation in human diseases such as cancer and their potential application as serum biomarkers. However, the analysis of miRNA expression in serum may be problematic. In most cases the amount of serum is limiting and serum contains low amounts of total RNA, of which small RNAs only constitute 0.4-0.5%1. Thus the isolation of sufficient amounts of quality RNA from serum is a major challenge to researchers today. In this technical paper, we demonstrate a method which uses only 400 &#181;l of human serum to obtain sufficient RNA for either DNA arrays or qPCR analysis. The advantages of this method are its simplicity and ability to yield high quality RNA. It requires no specialized columns for purification of small RNAs and utilizes general reagents and hardware found in common laboratories. Our method utilizes a Phase Lock Gel to eliminate phenol contamination while at the same time yielding high quality RNA. We also introduce an additional step to further remove all contaminants during the isolation step. This protocol is very effective in isolating yields of total RNA of up to 100 ng/&#181;l from serum but can also be adapted for other biological tissues.

This protocol describes a method for extracting small RNAs from human serum. We have used this method to isolate microRNAs from cancer serum for use in DNA arrays and also singleplex quantitative PCR. The protocol utilizes phenol and guanidinium thiocyanate reagents with modifications to yield high quality RNA.

ヒト血清から小非コードRNAの分離

The analysis of RNA and its expression is a common feature in many laboratories. Of significance is the emergence of small RNAs like microRNAs, which are ...

MicroRNA Expression Profiles of Human iPS Cells, Retinal Pigment Epithelium Derived From iPS, and Fetal Retinal Pigment Epithelium

The objective of this report is to describe the protocols for comparing the microRNA (miRNA) profiles of human induced-pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) derived from human iPS cells (iPS-RPE), and fetal RPE. The protocols include collection of RNA for analysis by microarray, and the analysis of microarray data to identify miRNAs that are differentially expressed among three cell types. The methods for culture of iPS cells and fetal RPE are explained. The protocol used for differentiation of RPE from human iPS is also described. The RNA extraction technique we describe was selected to allow maximal recovery of very small RNA for use in a miRNA microarray. Finally, cellular pathway and network analysis of microarray data is explained. These techniques will facilitate the comparison of the miRNA profiles of three different cell types.

The microRNA (miRNA) profiles of human induced-pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) derived from human induced-pluripotent stem (iPS) cells (iPS-RPE), and fetal RPE, were compared.

ヒトiPS細胞のマイクロRNA発現プロファイル、IPから派生網膜色素上皮、および胎児の網膜色素上皮

The objective of this report is to describe the protocols for comparing the microRNA (miRNA) profiles of human induced-pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, ...

Efficient iPS Cell Generation from Blood Using Episomes and HDAC Inhibitors

This manuscript illustrates a protocol for efficiently creating integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from peripheral blood using episomal plasmids and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. The advantages of this approach include: (1) the use of a minimal amount of peripheral blood as a source material; (2) nonintegrating reprogramming vectors; (3) a cost effective method for generating vector free iPSCs; (4) a single transfection; and (5) the use of small molecules to facilitate epigenetic reprogramming. Briefly, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are isolated from routine phlebotomy samples and then cultured in defined growth factors to yield a highly proliferative erythrocyte progenitor cell population that is remarkably amenable to reprogramming. Nonintegrating, nontransmissible episomal plasmids expressing OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, MYCL, LIN28A, and a p53 short hairpin (sh)RNA are introduced into the derived erythroblasts via a single nucleofection. Cotransfection of an episome that expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) allows for easy identification of transfected cells. A separate replication-deficient plasmid expressing Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) is also added to the reaction mixture for increased expression of episomal proteins. Transfected cells are then plated onto a layer of irradiated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (iMEFs) for continued reprogramming. As soon as iPSC-like colonies appear at about twelve days after nucleofection, HDAC inhibitors are added to the medium to facilitate epigenetic remodeling. We have found that the inclusion of HDAC inhibitors routinely increases the generation of fully reprogrammed iPSC colonies by 2 fold. Once iPSC colonies exhibit typical human embryonic stem cell (hESC) morphology, they are gently transferred to individual iMEF-coated tissue culture plates for continued growth and expansion.

Here we describe a protocol for generating human induced pluripotent stem cells from peripheral blood using an episome based reprogramming strategy and histone deacetylase inhibitors.

エピソームおよびHDAC阻害剤を用いて血液からの効率的なiPS細胞の生成

This manuscript illustrates a protocol for efficiently creating integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from peripheral blood using ...

Comparative Analysis of Human Growth Hormone in Serum Using SPRi, Nano-SPRi and ELISA Assays

Sensitive and selective methods for the detection of human growth hormone (hGH) over a wide range of concentrations (high levels of 50-100 ng ml&#8722;1 and minimum levels of 0.03 ng ml&#8722;1) in circulating blood are essential as variable levels may indicate altered physiology. For example, growth disorders occurring in childhood can be diagnosed by measuring levels of hGH in blood. Also, the misuse of recombinant hGH in sports not only poses an ethical issue it also presents serious health threats to the abuser. One popular strategy for measuring hGH misuse, relies on the detection of the ratio of 22 kDa hGH to total hGH, as non-22 kDa endogenous levels drop after exogenous recombinant hGH (rhGH) administration. Surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) is an analytical tool that allows direct (label-free) monitoring and visualization of biomolecular interactions by recording changes of the refractive index adjacent to the sensor surface in real time. In contrast, the most frequently used colorimetric method, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) uses enzyme labeled detection antibodies to indirectly measure analyte concentration after the addition of a substrate that induces a color change. To increase detection sensitivity, amplified SPRi uses a sandwich assay format and near infrared quantum dots (QDs) to increase signal strength. After direct SPRi detection of recombinant rhGH in spiked human serum, the SPRi signal is amplified by the sequential injection of detection antibody coated with near-infrared QDs (Nano-SPRi). In this study, the diagnostic potential of direct and amplified SPRi was assessed for measuring rhGH spiked in human serum and compared directly with the capabilities of a commercially available ELISA kit.

The proposed work assesses the diagnostic potential of direct and amplified surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) assays, particularly for the detection of recombinant human growth hormone in spiked human serum, by comparing SPRi results directly with commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.

SPRi、ナノのSPRiおよびELISAアッセイを用いて血清中のヒト成長ホルモンの比較分析

Sensitive and selective methods for the detection of human growth hormone (hGH) over a wide range of concentrations (high levels of 50-100 ng ml&#8722;1 ...