コンパートメントのためのE18胎児ラット皮質ニューロンの準備出開始する前に、それは37℃に必要なすべての培地および試薬を温めることが重要です。 70％エタノールでダウン拭いて、ボンネットに配置されている細胞（例えば、ゴムの球根、チューブラック、メディアのボトルなど）、およびその調製のために使用されるすべてのものを殺菌することも重要です。 <ol><li> 1ミリリットルの氷冷カルシウムフリーマグネシウムフリー解剖のバッファを含む15 mlのチューブに場所E18胎児ラット皮質の2つ（一つの脳、以前に解剖して）。 </li><li> 2mlと0.125％、最終的なトリプシン濃度に最終的なボリュームをもたらし、解剖バッファ内の皮質に0.25％トリプシン- EDTA 1 mlの。 </li><li> 8分間37℃の水浴中に15 mlのチューブを置きます。 </li><li>この時間の間に、火災研磨3ガラスパスツールピペットは、無菌性を維持するために生物学的安全キャビネット内で、連続して小さな開口部を形成する。 </li><li>皮質の8分間のインキュベーションの後、DMEM 10 mlのトリプシンの反応を阻止するために皮質に10％FBSを含む追加。 </li><li> 2分間2500rpmで皮質とDMEM/10％FBSを含む15 mlチューブを遠心します。 </li><li>バイオセーフティキャビネットでは、接続された真空吸引によるガラスパスツールピペットを用いて皮質から上清を取り除く。妨害またはペレットが剥がれないよう注意してください。 </li><li>皮質ペレットと静かにピペット上下にNMBの1 mlの。それは空気の気泡が酸化によって細胞を損傷することができるように、上下にペッティングしながら、気泡を作らないように非常に重要です。 </li><li>気泡を導入しないように注意して、再度、5回を最後に滅菌ゴム球を取り付け、最大ペッティングやダウンによって皮質をひいて粉にするために広い開口部とファイアーポリッシュパスツールピペットを使用してください。減少した開口部のサイズと、それぞれ、他の2つのガラスピペットでこのプロセスを続けます。 </li><li>粉砕した後、2分間、2500rpmで再び細胞を遠心分離。 </li><li>遠心分離後、再び上清を除去し、NBMの2mlに細胞ペレットを再懸濁します。 </li><li> 45 UMセルストレイナーを通して再懸濁した細胞溶液をフィルタ。 </li><li> 、トリパンブルーで細胞を染色カウント、およびデバイスにロードされます。我々は通常、デバイスごとに細胞の20 ulを読み込みます。 </li></ol> 注 ：細胞の最終濃度が250万細胞/ mlと800万細胞/ mlの間に典型的である細胞のロード細胞がカウントされた後、それはデバイス内のセルをロードする時間です。 <ol><li>無菌性を維持するために生物学的安全キャビネットにNBMを含む事前に準備したデバイスをもたらす。 </li><li>真空吸引により井戸から余分なメディアを取り出します。しかし、メディアのすべてを削除しないように注意してください - メインチ​​ャネル内の一部のメディアが存在している必要があります。 </li><li>デバイスの上部左側のリザーバー（必要に応じて図を参照）への細胞の20 ulを適用します。細胞はデバイスに流れ込むとPLL処理面に付着する。 </li><li>ロード後に、細胞がアタッチできるように10分間インキュベーターに戻し、細胞を含むデバイスに置く。 </li><li> 10分後、戻ってインキュベーター内のメディアと場所のデバイスとの貯水池を埋める。 </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Park, J. W., Vahidi, B., Taylor, A. M., Rhee, S. W., Jeon, N. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microfluidic+culture+platform+for+neuroscience+research.">Microfluidic culture platform for neuroscience research.</a> Nat Protoc. 1, 2128-2136 (2006).</li><li>Taylor, A. M., Blurton-Jones, M., Rhee, S. W., Cribbs, D. H., Cotman, C. W., Jeon, N. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+microfluidic+culture+platform+for+CNS+axonal+injury,+regeneration+and+transport.">A microfluidic culture platform for CNS axonal injury, regeneration and transport.</a> Nat Methods. 2, 599-605 (2005).</li></ol>

細胞密度は、用途に応じて変化させることができる。しかし、密度の低すぎる時に一次ニューロンのシードを設定すると、通常は細胞死につながる。インキュベーターと湿度のレベルに応じて、メディアがデバイスに2〜3日おきに変更する必要がある場合があります。メディアを変更する場合、それはメインチャンネルからメディアを削除しないように、貯水池からメディアを削除した後に重要です。さらに、それはトップの井戸で、新鮮な培地を配置し、いくつかの新鮮なメディアがデバイスを通過し、すべての貯水池を満杯にする前に、メインチャンネルに流れるようにすることをお勧めします。

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		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>NBM</td>
<td>medium</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>21103-049</td>
<td>Neural Basal Media is obtained by Invitrogen under their Gibco line of cell culture reagents.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>E18 rat embryos</td>
<td>Animal</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Obtained from pregnant Sprague Dawley Rats. The pregnant rat is sacrificed and the E18 fetal rat pups dissected to obtain the E18 fetal rat cortex.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>CMFM dissection buffer HBSS</td>
<td>buffer</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>ice-cold Calcium-free Magnesium-free dissection buffer HBSS based.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>15 ml Tube</td>
<td>Tool</td>
<td>BD Falcon</td>
<td>Falcon No. 352097</td>
<td>Available through Fisher Scientific catalog number 14-959-70C</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>0.25% Trypsin-EDTA</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>37&#x02DA;C water bath</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Pasteur pipets</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>glass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DMEM</td>
<td>medium</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>FBS</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>serum, used at 10% in DMEM</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>centrifuge</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>set at 2500 rpm </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Trypan Blue</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>for counting live/dead cells</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>BD Falcon Cell Strainer 40 um</td>
<td>Tool</td>
<td>BD Falcon</td>
<td>Falcon cat# 352340</td>
<td>Available through Fisher Scientific. Fisher catalog# 08-771-1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>B27</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>17504-044</td>
<td>B27 is a proprietary supplement available through Invitrogen under their Gibco line of cell culture reagents.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Glutamax</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>35050-061</td>
<td>Glutamax is available through Invitrogen under their Gibco line of celll culture reagents.</td>
</tr>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>

preparing e18 cortical rat neurons for compartmentalization in a microfluidic device

このビデオでは、我々はE18皮質ラットの神経細胞の準備を示しています。 E18皮質ラットの神経細胞は、以前は切開し準備E18胎児ラットの大脳皮質から得られる。 E18皮質は、解剖時に、個々のニューロンにすぐに解離している。それは、解離が実行される前までの週までは4でB27が含まれているHibernateのEバッファ° CでE18皮質を格納することが可能です。しかし、細胞の生存率の低下が生じます。一般的に我々はE18のCortex新鮮を得る。それは氷冷カルシウムフリーマグネシウムフリー解剖バッファー（CMFM）に研究室に運ばれる。到着時に、トリプシンは0.125％の最終濃度に皮質に追加されます。皮質は、その後8分間37℃でインキュベートする。 10％FBSを含むDMEMして反応を停止する皮質に追加されます。皮質は、その後2分間2500rpmで遠心分離される。上清を除去し、2％B27（vol / vol）のおよび0.25％を含むニューラル基礎培地（NBM）を2mlさグルタミン（体積/体積）はその後、ピペッティングにより再懸濁している皮質に追加されます。次に、皮質は、以前に研磨したガラスピペット、連続する小さな開口部をそれぞれ発射で摩砕しています。摩砕した後、皮質は再び2分間2500rpmで遠心分離される。上清を除去し、皮質ペレットB27とグルタミンを含むNBM 2mlで再懸濁されている。細胞懸濁液を40ミクロ​​ンのナイロンセルストレーナーを通過させる。次に、細胞がカウントされます。ニューロンはニューロンマイクロ流体デバイスにロードするのに準備が整いました。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparing E18 Cortical Rat Neurons for Compartmentalization in a Microfluidic Device at JoVE.com

Preparing E18 Cortical Rat Neurons for Compartmentalization in a Microfluidic Device

このビデオでは、E18皮質ラットニューロンの準備を示しています。

マイクロ流体デバイスでコンパートメントのためのE18脳ラットのニューロンの準備

In this video, we demonstrate the preparation of E18 cortical rat neurons. E18 cortical rat neurons are obtained from E18 fetal rat cortex previously ...

preparing-e18-cortical-rat-neurons-for-compartmentalization

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

19.6K ビュー.  University of California, Irvine (UCI). このビデオでは、E18皮質ラットニューロンの準備を示しています。

ビデオ: Preparing E18 Cortical Rat Neurons for Compartmentalization in a Microfluidic Device

Organotypic Slice Culture of E18 Rat Brains

Organotypic slice cultures from embryonic rodent brains are widely used to study brain development. While there are often advantages to an in-vivo system, organotypic slice cultures allow one to perform a number of manipulations that are not presently feasible in-vivo. To date, organtotypic embryonic brain slice cultures have been used to follow individual cells using time-lapse microscopy, manipulate the expression of genes in the ganglionic emanances (a region that is hard to target by in-utero electroporation), as well as for pharmacological studies. In this video protocol we demonstrate how to make organotypic slice cultures from rat embryonic day 18 embryos. The protocol involves dissecting the embryos, embedding them on ice in low melt agarose, slicing the embedded brains on the vibratome, and finally plating the slices onto filters in culture dishes. This protocol is also applicable in its present form to making organotypic slice cultures from different embryonic ages for both rats and mice. 

E18ラット脳の器官型スライス培養

Organotypic slice cultures from embryonic rodent brains are widely used to study brain development. While there are often advantages to an in-vivo system, ...

生物学

Fabrication of a Microfluidic Device for the Compartmentalization of Neuron Soma and Axons

In this video, we demonstrate the technique of soft lithography with polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) which we use to fabricate a microfluidic device for culturing neurons. Previously, a silicon wafer was patterned with the design for the neuron microfluidic device using SU-8 and photolithography to create a master mold, or what we simply refer to as a "master". Next, we pour the silicon polymer PDMS on top of the master which is then cured by heating the PDMS to 80&deg;C for 1 hour. The PDMS forms a negative mold of the device. The PDMS is then carefully cut and lifted away from the master. Holes are punched where the reservoirs will be and the excess PDMS trimmed away from the device. Nitrogen is used to blow away any excess debris from the device. At this point the devices are now ready for use and can either bonded to corning No. 1 cover glass with a plasma sterilizer/cleaner or can be reversibly bound to the cover glass by simply placing the device on top of the cover glass. The reversible bonding of the device to glass is covered in a separate video and requires first that the device be sterilized either with 70% ethanol or by autoclaving. Plasma treating sterilizes the devices so no further treatment is necessary. It is, however, important, when plasma-treating the devices, to add liquid to the devices within 10 minutes of the plasma treatment while the surfaces are still hydrophilic. Waiting longer than 10 minutes to add liquid to the device makes it difficult for the liquid to enter the device. The neuron devices are typically plasma-bound to cover glass and 0.5 mg/ml poly-L-lysine (PLL) in pH 8.5 borate buffer is immediately added to the device. After a minimum of 3 hours incubating with PLL, the devices are washed with dH2O water a minimum of 3 times with at least 15 minutes between each wash. Next, the water is removed and fresh media is added to the device. At this point the device is ready for use. It is important to remember at this point to never remove all the media from the device. Always leave media in the main channel.

In this video we demonstrate the technique of soft lithography with polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) which we use to farbricate a microfluidic device for culturing neurons.

ニューロン相馬と軸索のコンパートメントのためのマイクロ流体デバイスの作製

In this video, we demonstrate the technique of soft lithography with polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) which we use to fabricate a microfluidic device for ...

A Microfluidic Device with Groove Patterns for Studying Cellular Behavior

We describe a microfluidic device with microgrooved patterns for studying cellular behavior. This microfluidic platform consists of a top fluidic channel and a bottom microgrooved substrate. To fabricate the microgrooved channels, a top poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) mold containing the impression of the microfluidic channels was aligned and bonded to a microgrooved substrate. Using this device, mouse fibroblast cells were immobilized and patterned within microgrooved substrates (25, 50, 75, and 100 &mu;m wide). To study apoptosis in a microfluidic device, media containing hydrogen peroxide, Annexin V, and propidium iodide was perfused into the fluidic channel for 2 hours. We found that cells exposed to the oxidative stress became apoptotic. These apoptotic cells were confirmed by Annexin V that bound to phosphatidylserine at the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane during the apoptosis process. Using this microfluidic device with microgrooved patterns, the apoptosis process was observed in real-time and analyzed by using an inverted microscope containing an incubation chamber (37&deg;C, 5% CO2). Therefore, this microfluidic device incorporated with microgrooved substrates could be useful for studying the cellular behavior and performing high-throughput drug screening.

We describe a protocol for the fabrication of microfluidic devices that can enable cell capture and culture. In this approach patterned microstructures such as grooves within microfluidic channels are used to create low shear stress regions within which cell can dock.

細胞挙動を研究するための溝パターンを用いたマイクロ流体デバイス

We describe a microfluidic device with microgrooved patterns for studying cellular behavior.  This microfluidic platform consists of a top fluidic channel ...

A Gradient-generating Microfluidic Device for Cell Biology

 The fabrication and operation of a gradient-generating microfluidic device for studying cellular behavior is described.  A microfluidic platform is an enabling experimental tool, because it can precisely manipulate fluid flows, enable high-throughput experiments, and generate stable soluble concentration gradients.  Compared to conventional gradient generators, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based  microfluidic devices can generate stable concentration gradients of growth factors with well-defined profiles.  Here, we developed simple gradient-generating microfluidic devices with three separate inlets.  Three microchannels combined into one microchannel to generate concentration gradients.  The stability and shape of growth factor gradients were confirmed by fluorescein isothyiocyanate (FITC)-dextran with a molecular weight similar to epidermal growth factor (EGF).  Using this microfluidic device, we demonstrated that fibroblasts exposed to concentration gradients of EGF migrated toward higher concentrations.  The directional orientation of cell migration and motility of migrating cells were quantitatively assessed by cell tracking analysis.  Thus, this gradient-generating microfluidic device might be useful for studying and analyzing the behavior of migrating cells.

We describe a protocol for the microfabrication of the gradient-generating microfluidic device that can generate spatial and temporal gradients in well-defined microenvironment. In this approach, the gradient-generating microfluidic device can be used to study directed cell migration, embryogenesis, wound healing, and cancer metastasis.

細胞生物学の勾配を生むマイクロ流体デバイス

 The fabrication and operation of a gradient-generating microfluidic device for studying cellular behavior is described.  A microfluidic platform is an ...

CD4+ T-Lymphocyte Capture Using a Disposable Microfluidic Chip for HIV

CD4 + Tリンパ球キャプチャHIVのための使い捨てマイクロ流体チップを用いた

Cell Capture Using a Microfluidic Device

マイクロ流体デバイスを用いた細胞のキャプチャ

Preparing T Cell Growth Factor from Rat Splenocytes

Maintenance of antigen-specific T cell lines or clones in culture requires rounds of antigen-induced activation separated by phases of cell expansion 1,2. Addition of interleukin 2 to the culture media during the expansion phase is necessary to prevent cell death and sufficient to maintain short-term T cell lines but has been shown to increase Th1 polarization 3. Replacement of interleukin 2 by T cell growth factor (TCGF) which contains a mix of cytokines is more effective than interleukin 2 in maintaining long-term T cell lines in vitro 3. Moreover, TCGF can easily be prepared in large amounts in the laboratory and is much cheaper than recombinant interleukin 2. 
Here, we show how to prepare TCGF from rat splenocyte culture supernatants. For this procedure, we harvest spleens from naive Lewis rats euthanized for thymus and blood collection. We prepare single-cell suspensions from the spleens, lyze the red blood cells by osmotic shock, and seed the splenocytes in culture medium. The cells are stimulated with concanavalin A, a mitogen that non-selectively activates all rat T lymphocytes, inducing the production of cytokines. The culture supernantant is collected 48 hours later andexcess concanavalin A is bound to alpha methyl mannoside to prevent it from activating T cell lines to which TCGF will be added. The TCGF is then sterile-filtered, aliquoted, and stored at -20&deg;C.

We describe the preparation of T cell growth factor used for the in vitro expansion of antigen-specific rat T lymphocyte lines.

ラットの脾細胞からT細胞増殖因子の準備

Maintenance of antigen-specific T cell lines or clones in culture requires rounds of antigen-induced activation separated by phases of cell expansion 1,2. ...

Assessing Neural Stem Cell Motility Using an Agarose Gel-based Microfluidic Device

While microfluidic technology is reaching a new level of maturity for macromolecular assays, cell-based assays are still at an infant stage1. This is largely due to the difficulty with which one can create a cell-compatible and steady microenvironment using conventional microfabrication techniques and materials. We address this problem via the introduction of a novel microfabrication material, agarose gel, as the base material for the microfluidic device. Agarose gel is highly malleable, and permeable to gas and nutrients necessary for cell survival, and thus an ideal material for cell-based assays. We have shown previously that agarose gel based devices have been successful in studying bacterial and neutrophil cell migration2. In this report, three parallel microfluidic channels are patterned in an agarose gel membrane of about 1mm thickness. Constant flows with media/buffer are maintained in the two side channels using a peristaltic pump. Cells are maintained in the center channel for observation. Since the nutrients and chemicals in the side channels are constantly diffusing from the side to center channel, the chemical environment of the center channel is easily controlled via the flow along the side channels. Using this device, we demonstrate that the movement of neural stem cells can be monitored optically with ease under various chemical conditions, and the experimental results show that the over expression of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) enhances the motility of neural stem cells. Motility of neural stem cells is an important biomarker for assessing cells aggressiveness, thus tumorigenic factor3. Deciphering the mechanism underlying NSC motility will yield insight into both disorders of neural development and into brain cancer stem cell invasion.

We demonstrate that the over expression of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) enhances the motility of neural stem cells(NSCs) using a novel agarose gel based microfluidic device. This technology can be readily adaptable to other mammalian cell systems where cell sources are scarce, such as human neural stem cells, and the turn around time is critical.

アガロースゲルベースの​​マイクロ流体デバイスを用いた神経幹細胞運動の評価

While microfluidic technology is reaching a new level of maturity for macromolecular assays, cell-based assays are still at an infant stage1. This is ...

Protocol for Culturing Sympathetic Neurons from Rat Superior Cervical Ganglia (SCG)

The superior cervical ganglia (SCG) in rats are small, glossy, almond-shaped structures that contain sympathetic neurons.  These neurons provide sympathetic innervations for the head and neck regions and they constitute a well-characterized and relatively homogeneous population (4).  Sympathetic neurons are dependent on nerve growth factor (NGF) for survival, differentiation and axonal growth and the wide-spread availability of NGF facilitates their culture and experimental manipulation (2, 3, 6).  For these reasons, cultured sympathetic neurons have been used in a wide variety of studies including neuronal development and differentiation, mechanisms of programmed and pathological cell death, and signal transduction (1, 2, 5, and 6).  Dissecting out the SCG from newborn rats and culturing sympathetic neurons is not very complicated and can be mastered fairly quickly.  In this article, we will describe in detail how to dissect out the SCG from newborn rat pups and to use them to establish cultures of sympathetic neurons.  The article will also describe the preparatory steps and the various reagents and equipment that are needed to achieve this.

Protocol for Culturing Sympathetic Neurons from Rat Superior Cervical Ganglia SCG

This is a protocol describing how to isolate and culture primary sympathetic neurons from superior cervical ganglia (SCG) of newborn rat pups.

ラット上頚神経節（SCG）から培養交感神経のためのプロトコル

The superior cervical ganglia (SCG) in rats are small, glossy, almond-shaped structures that contain sympathetic neurons.  These neurons provide ...

Calcium Imaging of Cortical Neurons using Fura-2 AM

Calcium imaging is a common technique that is useful for measuring calcium signals in cultured cells. Calcium imaging techniques take advantage of calcium indicator dyes, which are BAPTA-based organic molecules that change their spectral properties in response to the binding of Ca2+ ions. Calcium indicator dyes fall into two categories, ratio-metric dyes like Fura-2 and Indo-1 and single-wavelength dyes like Fluo-4. Ratio-metric dyes change either their excitation or their emission spectra in response to calcium, allowing the concentration of intracellular calcium to be determined from the ratio of fluorescence emission or excitation at distinct wavelengths.  The main advantage of using ratio-metric dyes over single wavelength probes is that the ratio signal is independent of the dye concentration, illumination intensity, and optical path length allowing the concentration of intracellular calcium to be determined independently of these artifacts. One of the most common calcium indicators is Fura-2, which has an emission peak at 505 nM and changes its excitation peak from 340 nm to 380 nm in response to calcium binding.  Here we describe the use of Fura-2 to measure intracellular calcium elevations in neurons and other excitable cells.

Calcium signals play a key role in many cellular processes including gene expression, survival and differentiation. Here we demonstrate how to perform calcium imaging using Fura-2 AM. Calcium imaging is a valuable tool to study the regulation of intracellular calcium in real time and its regulation of signaling cascades.

AMフラ-2を用いて皮質ニューロンのカルシウムイメージング

Calcium imaging is a common technique that is useful for measuring calcium signals in cultured cells. Calcium imaging techniques take advantage of calcium ...