私たちは、このプロジェクトの財務支援のための研究と教育のための胸部外科の財団に感謝したいと思います。

1。術前準備と麻酔<ol><li>作業中は無菌テクニックを守ってください。すべての楽器をレイアウト。 </li><li>それは適切な温度（36.5℃）に温めることができるように前に麻酔導入に温度調節ベッドをオンにします。レーザードップラー灌流モニターの電源をオンにし、それが誘導中に起動できるように。 </li><li>誘導室でマウスを置きます。 <ol><li>慎重に誘導中にマウスの呼吸数を監視します。 </li><li>とすぐに呼吸数を視覚的に鈍化しているように、誘導室からマウスを外します。 </li><li>麻酔の妥当性を評価するために、つま先のピンチを実行します。 </li></ol></li><li>マウスが正常に麻酔をかけて、仰臥位にマウスを置きます。 </li><li>ノーズコーンに顔を挿入し、加熱テーブルにすべての四肢を固定します。 <ol><li>四肢がNO deviatiで、解剖学的位置に固定されることを保証するために特別な注意を払う1側にオン。マウスが不適切に配置されている場合、それは胸骨切開時に内胸動脈離断を回避することは困難である。 </li></ol></li><li>バリカンまたは市販の除毛クリームを使用して、正中線胸部から髪を削除し、下肢腹面を残した。 <ol><li>脱毛クリームを使用した場合、アルカリ火傷が発生する可能性があるように、より大きく30秒の場所にクリームを放置しないようにします。 </li></ol></li><li>十分な麻酔を維持するために、揮発性麻酔薬気化器濃度を滴定する。 <ol><li>予想気化画分を高流量O 2でイソフルランを用いて、1〜5％の間である。 </li><li>揮発性麻酔薬気化器の濃度が自発呼吸を維持しながら、手術刺激中に麻酔を維持するために滴定されるべきである。 </li></ol></li></ol> 2。直腸プローブレーザードップラー配置<ol><li>マウスの直腸に潤滑直腸プローブを挿入します。 OPERに所定の位置に固定しますベッドating。 </li><li> 36.5℃の目標直腸温するための加熱のベッドを調整</li><li>マウスの大腿動脈を介して小さな切開を行い、離れて皮下組織から皮膚を解剖。 </li><li>大腿動脈を介してレーザードップラープローブを挿入します。 </li><li>灌流モニターが800灌流単位より大きく登録するまで、プローブ位置を調整します。 <ol><li>所定の位置にしっかりと安全なプローブ。 適切に固定しないプローブが誤って低潅流測定を持つことができます。 </li></ol></li></ol> 3。大動脈弓/鎖骨下動脈の解剖<ol><li>胸骨切痕2cm上の皮膚切開を行い、静かに皮下組織から皮膚を解剖。 </li><li>無料の顎下腺を解剖。 <ol><li>出血が発生した場合には、穏やかな圧力は、綿棒で適用することができます。 </li><li>無血管平面に正中線を通して顎下腺を分割。 </li></ol></li><li>そっとピンセットで胸骨を持ち上げ、組み合わせのプレを使用してオッズ比は胸骨の正中線を通して1cmの正中胸骨切開を行う。 正中線からの偏差の制御が困難になります内胸動脈出血する可能性があります。 </li><li>胸骨の端にそれぞれの側に5-0後退縫合糸を配置し、横方向に動作してベッドに縫合糸を固定して胸骨を撤回。 気胸を防ぐために、あまりにも横方向に後退縫合糸を置かないでください。 </li><li>気管に沿って鈍的切開自由ストラップの筋肉を使って。左ストラップ筋曝露を改善するためにハサミで分割することができる。 </li><li>周囲の組織から胸腺を解放解剖。大血管を可視化されるまで、鈍的切開を続ける。胸膜腔に入ることを防ぐために、細心の注意を払ってください。 </li><li>大動脈弓と左鎖骨下動脈に血管クランプを置きます。 </li><li>遠位の流れを適切に中断していることを確認します。これは、灌流単位で&gt; 90％の減少として見られる。 <ol><li>デジ用の閉塞を継続4-8分間赤。 </li></ol></li><li>血管クランプを外し、胸の閉鎖前に、止血を確認してください。 </li></ol> 4。胸骨切開と皮膚の閉鎖<ol><li>マウスの左側に引き出し縫合糸を取り除く。 </li><li>右後退縫合糸で胸骨切開を閉じます。 <ol><li> （以前に置か後退ステッチを使用して）、単一の胸骨縫合糸が胸骨閉鎖に適しています。別のステッチを配置することは不要であり、気胸と出血のリスクを増大させる。 </li></ol></li><li> 5-0ステッチを実行しているとの緊密な肌。 </li></ol> 5。回収率と術後の評価<ol><li>回復ケージにマウスを転送します。ケージは、回収室の周囲温度を増加させ、環境への熱損失を低減するために加温パッド上に配置されるべきである。 </li><li>密接兆候呼吸困難や発作活動のためのマウスを監視します。機関ガイドラインに従って鎮痛を管理する。 Euthanizeマウスはすぐに発作や呼吸困難が観察されている場合。 <ol><li> CO 2チャンバー安楽死は、私たちの好ましい方法である。 CO 2が使用できない場合、頚椎脱臼も一つの選択肢です。 </li><li>完全な回復には使用される揮発性麻酔薬と集中の長さに応じて、1〜2時間で期待することができる。 </li></ol></li><li>通常のケージにマウスを返します。ケージの床の上に食べ物や水の場所に配置します。 </li><li>ロコモーション8用バッソマウスのスケールを使用して、12時間間隔で神経学的状態を評価する。 </li></ol>

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著者らは、競合する経済的利益を宣言していません。

脊髄虚血再灌流への二次対麻痺はあまり理解されていない病態9の複合体の結果である。これは最も一般的に胸腹部大動脈手術後に見られますが、このような大動脈解離、外傷、塞栓現象、血管炎、および全身性低血圧10など他の傷害の様々な対麻痺になることがあります。この損傷の更なる理解を得て、この損傷を排除する将来の標的を提供するために、動物モデルが必要と...

下肢麻痺が胸腹部の介入を複雑にし続けています。脊髄虚血-再灌流傷害（SCIR）として知られている損傷は、高リスク患者1の最大20％において麻痺をもたらす。このような左心バイパス、腰椎cerbrospinal流体排水溝、低体温循環停止および肋間動脈再移植などの外科的補助剤は、この合併症2の発生率が減少しているが、あまりにも多くの患者が影響を受け続けています。 臨床的には、脊髄虚血および再灌流傷害は、介入3以下麻痺即時または遅延のいずれかと見られている。しかし、この損傷の我々の理解は、機械的な細部の欠如によって窒息されています。その結果、いくつかのオプションは、それが発生した後に傷害を減衰させるために用意されています。 我々はこのようにして、小さな動物、ネズミ、脊髄虚血のモデル、および再灌流傷害を参加しているより良い、その病因を特徴づける。これまでの研究の大半は、この傷害、すなわちラット4、ウサギ5、および豚6モデルを特徴づけるために、より大きな動物モデルを使用している。しかしながら、これらは、それらのコスト、複雑さ、可変の再現性、及び、最も重要なのは、遺伝子操作のための利用可能な技術の欠如によって制限される。これらの公開の動物モデルの中で最も信頼性の高いウサギ腹部大動脈のクロスクランプが含まれます。しかし、人間の前脊髄ニューロンは、ほとんどの場合、より近位枝7から自分の血管供給を導出する。これらのモデルにおける脊髄の変数血管解剖は臨床使用に彼らの結果を移行することが困難に追加されます。 この原稿は、臨床的に関連して使用するのが簡単である胸部大動脈閉塞後、即時または遅延対麻痺のためのモデルを提示します。ミニsternoto経由大動脈弓の露出私は、低侵襲であり、最小の罹患率および死亡率を有する高度に再現性のある結果を誘発することができる。課題や技術的なニュアンスなしていないこのモデルがあるが、これらを容易に実現することができる後肢麻痺のモデルを生成するために慎重な切開および組織処理によって克服することができる。

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">VMS Anesthesia Machine</td>
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			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Isoflurane</td>
			<td style="width:247px;">Vet One</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">13985-528-60</td>
			<td>2.0% through nose cone&#160;</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Induction Chamber</td>
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			<td>941444</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Heating Bed</td>
			<td style="width:247px;">Vestavia Scientific</td>
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			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Laser Doppler Monitor</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">5-0 Suture, Polyester</td>
			<td style="width:247px;">Surgidac</td>
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			<td>Taper Needel</td>
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			<td style="width:247px;">Biomedical Research Insturments</td>
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			<td>Forceps, needle holder</td>
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reproducable paraplegia by thoracic aortic occlusion in a murine model of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion

背景 下肢麻痺は、大動脈の介入を複雑にし続けています。根底にある病理の理解の欠如が発生したにこの傷害を減少させるための進歩を妨げてきた。現在のモデルは、胸部大動脈閉塞後再現性の下肢麻痺を示しています。 方法 成体雄性C57BL6マウスをイソフルランで麻酔した。 cervicosternal切開を通して大動脈を露出させた。胸部下行大動脈と左鎖骨下動脈を胸膜腔への進入せずに同定された。これらの動脈のスケルトン化を、4分（中等度虚血）または8分（長期の虚血）のための即時の閉鎖（偽）または閉塞が続いた。胸骨切開し、皮膚を閉じ、マウスを回復するための加温床に移した。回復後、機能分析は、48時間まで、12時間間隔で得た。 結果 偽手術を受けたマウスは、観察可能な後肢の赤字を示さなかった。 4分間の中等度の虚血を受けたマウスは、12時間で最小機能赤字は48時間で麻痺を完了するために、進行が続きました。長時間の虚血を受けたマウスは、術後の期間にどの位置においても観察可能な後肢の動きと直接麻痺を持っていた。全く観察術中や術後の死亡はなかった。 結論 即時または遅延は、マウスモデルにおいて達成することができるかどうかを再現可能な下肢麻痺。さらに、胸骨正中切開と慎重な解剖、高い生存率、および再現性を使用することによって達成することができる。

マウスは、偽手術を受けた（n = 3）または4（n = 3）で8分間の大動脈閉塞（n = 3）であった。術後マウスはバッソマウススコア（ 図1）によって等級付けした。偽手術を受けたマウスは、術後の任意の時点で観察可能な機能欠損がありませんでした。適度な虚血（4分）にかけたマウスは、48時間で麻痺を完了するために、進行性の機能低下との12時間の時点で、通常の後肢機能の近?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Reproducable Paraplegia by Thoracic Aortic Occlusion in a Murine Model of Spinal Cord Ischemia-reperfusion at JoVE.com

Reproducable Paraplegia by Thoracic Aortic Occlusion in a Murine Model of Spinal Cord Ischemia-reperfusion

脊髄虚血 - 再灌流障害のメカニズムの理解の欠如は、高リスク大動脈操作次の麻痺を防止するために更なる補助剤を妨げてきた。このように、動物モデルの開発が不可欠である。この原稿は、マウスモデルにおける胸部大動脈閉塞後再現性の下肢麻痺を示しています。

脊髄虚血再灌流のマウスモデルにおいて胸部大動脈閉塞によって再現可能対麻痺

Background
Lower extremity paralysis continues to complicate aortic interventions. The lack of understanding of the underlying pathology has hindered ...

reproducable-paraplegia-thoracic-aortic-occlusion-murine-model-spinal

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

11.9K ビュー.  University of Colorado. 脊髄虚血 - 再灌流障害のメカニズムの理解の欠如は、高リスク大動脈操作次の麻痺を防止するために更なる補助剤を妨げてきた。このように、動物モデルの開発が不可欠である。この原稿は、マウスモデルにおける胸部大動脈閉塞後再現性の下肢麻痺を示しています。 

ビデオ: Reproducable Paraplegia by Thoracic Aortic Occlusion in a Murine Model of Spinal Cord Ischemia-reperfusion

Acute and Chronic Tactile Sensory Testing after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

Spinal cord injury (SCI) impairs sensory systems causing allodynia1-8. To identify cellular and molecular causes of allodynia, sensitive and valid sensory testing in rat SCI models is needed. However, until recently, no single testing approach had been validated for SCI so that standardized methods have not been implemented across labs. Additionally, available testing methods could not be implemented acutely or when severe motor impairments existed, preventing studies of the development of SCI-induced allodynia3. Here we present two validated sensory testing methods using von Frey Hair (VFH) monofilaments which quantify changes in tactile sensory thresholds after SCI4-5. One test is the well-established Up-Down test which demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity across different SCI severities when tested chronically5. The other test is a newly-developed dorsal VFH test that can be applied acutely after SCI when allodynia develops, prior to motor recovery4-5. Each VFH monofilament applies a calibrated force when touched to the skin of the hind paw until it bends. In the up-down method, alternating VFHs of higher or lower forces are used on the plantar L5 dermatome to delineate flexor withdrawal thresholds. Successively higher forces are applied until withdrawal occurs then lower force VFHs are used until withdrawal ceases. The tactile threshold reflects the force required to elicit withdrawal in 50% of the stimuli. For the new test, each VFH is applied to the dorsal L5 dermatome of the paw while the rat is supported by the examiner. The VFH stimulation occurs in ascending order of force until at least 2 of 3 applications at a given force produces paw withdrawal. Tactile sensory threshold is the lowest force to elicit withdrawal 66% of the time. Acclimation, testing and scoring procedures are described. Aberrant trials that require a retest and typical trials are defined. Animal use was approved by Ohio State University Animal Care and Use Committee.

We describe two tactile sensory testing methods for acute or chronic periods of spinal cord injury in rats. These validated procedures can detect the development and maintenance of allodynia-like sensations.

ラット脊髄損傷後の急性および慢性の触覚官能検査

Spinal cord injury (SCI) impairs sensory systems causing allodynia1-8. To identify cellular and molecular causes of allodynia, sensitive and valid sensory ...

医学

A Contusion Model of Severe Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

The translational potential of novel treatments should be investigated in severe spinal cord injury (SCI) contusion models. A detailed methodology is described to obtain a consistent model of severe SCI. Use of a stereotactic frame and computer controlled impactor allows for creation of reproducible injury. Hypothermia and urinary tract infection pose significant challenges in the post-operative period. Careful monitoring of animals with daily weight recording and bladder expression allows for early detection of post-operative complications. The functional results of this contusion model are equivalent to transection models. The contusion model can be utilized to evaluate the efficacy of both neuroprotective and neuroregenerative approaches.

A contusion model of severe spinal cord injury is described. Detailed pre-operative, operative and post-operative steps are described to obtain a consistent model.

ラットにおける重度の脊髄損傷挫傷モデル

The translational potential of novel treatments should be investigated in severe spinal cord injury (SCI) contusion models. A detailed methodology is ...

A Murine Model of Cervical Spinal Cord Injury to Study Post-lesional Respiratory Neuroplasticity

A cervical spinal cord injury induces permanent paralysis, and often leads to respiratory distress. To date, no efficient therapeutics have been developed to improve/ameliorate the respiratory failure following high cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). Here we propose a murine pre-clinical model of high SCI at the cervical 2 (C2) metameric level to study diverse post-lesional respiratory neuroplasticity. The technique consists of a surgical partial injury at the C2 level, which will induce a hemiparalysis of the diaphragm due to a deafferentation of the phrenic motoneurons from the respiratory centers located in the brainstem. The contralateral side of the injury remains intact and allows the animal recovery. Unlike other SCIs which affect the locomotor function (at the thoracic and lumbar level), the respiratory function does not require animal motivation and the quantification of the deficit/recovery can be easily performed (diaphragm and phrenic nerve recordings, whole body ventilation). This pre-clinical C2 SCI model is a powerful, useful, and reliable pre-clinical model to study various respiratory and non-respiratory neuroplasticity events at different levels (molecular to physiology) and to test diverse putative therapeutic strategies which might improve the respiration in SCI patients.

Respiratory failure is the leading cause of death following a cervical spinal cord injury. Having a reproducible, quantifiable, and reliable pre-clinical animal model of respiratory failure induced by a partial cervical injury will help to understand the subsequent respiratory and non-respiratory neuroplasticity and allow testing putative repair strategies.

ポスト病変呼吸神経可塑性を研究するための子宮頸脊髄損傷のマウスモデル

A cervical spinal cord injury induces permanent paralysis, and often leads to respiratory distress. To date, no efficient therapeutics have been developed ...

A Murine Model of Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury through Ligation of the Left Anterior Descending Artery

Acute or chronic myocardial infarction (MI) are cardiovascular events resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Establishing the pathological mechanisms at work during MI and developing effective therapeutic approaches requires methodology to reproducibly simulate the clinical incidence and reflect the pathophysiological changes associated with MI. Here, we describe a surgical method to induce MI in mouse models that can be used for short-term ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury as well as permanent ligation. The major advantage of this method is to facilitate location of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) to allow for accurate ligation of this artery to induce ischemia in the left ventricle of the mouse heart. Accurate positioning of the ligature on the LAD increases reproducibility of infarct size and thus produces more reliable results. Greater precision in placement of the ligature will improve the standard surgical approaches to simulate MI in mice, thus reducing the number of experimental animals necessary for statistically relevant studies and improving our understanding of the mechanisms producing cardiac dysfunction following MI. This mouse model of MI is also useful for the preclinical testing of treatments targeting myocardial damage following MI.

We introduce a surgical method to induce experimental ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury to simulate myocardial infarction (MI) in mouse models that allows for more clarity in positioning of the ligation on the left anterior descending artery (LAD) to increase the reproducibility of MI experiments in mice.

左前下の動脈の結紮を通して心筋虚血再灌流傷害のマウスモデル

Acute or chronic myocardial infarction (MI) are cardiovascular events resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Establishing the pathological mechanisms ...

A Radio-telemetric System to Monitor Cardiovascular Function in Rats with Spinal Cord Transection and Embryonic Neural Stem Cell Grafts

High thoracic or cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to cardiovascular dysfunction. To monitor cardiovascular parameters, we implanted a catheter connected to a radio transmitter into the femoral artery of rats that underwent a T4 spinal cord transection with or without grafting of embryonic brainstem-derived neural stem cells expressing green fluorescent protein. Compared to other methods such as cannula insertion or tail-cuff, telemetry is advantageous to continuously monitor blood pressure and heart rate in freely moving animals. It is also capable of long term multiple data acquisitions. In spinal cord injured rats, basal cardiovascular data under unrestrained condition and autonomic dysreflexia in response to colorectal distension were successfully recorded. In addition, cardiovascular parameters before and after SCI can be compared in the same rat if a transmitter is implanted before a spinal cord transection. One limitation of the described telemetry procedure is that implantation in the femoral artery may influence the blood supply to the ipsilateral hindlimb.

We present a protocol for using a radio-telemetric system to record cardiovascular parameters in T4 spinal cord transected rats eight weeks after embryonic brainstem neural stem cell grafting into the lesion site. Telemetry is an advanced technique to accurately evaluate cardiovascular function in conscious freely moving spinal cord injured rats.

ラジオ遠隔測定システムは、脊髄離断および胚性神経細胞移植片幹ラットの心臓血管機能を監視する

High thoracic or cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to cardiovascular dysfunction. To monitor cardiovascular parameters, we implanted a catheter ...

Murine Model of Intestinal Ischemia-reperfusion Injury

Intestinal ischemia is a life-threatening condition associated with a broad range of clinical conditions including atherosclerosis, thrombosis, hypotension, necrotizing enterocolitis, bowel transplantation, trauma and chronic inflammation. Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a consequence of acute mesenteric ischemia, caused by inadequate blood flow through the mesenteric vessels, resulting in intestinal damage. Reperfusion following ischemia can further exacerbate damage of the intestine. The mechanisms of IR injury are complex and poorly understood. Therefore, experimental small animal models are critical for understanding the pathophysiology of IR injury and the development of novel therapies.
Here we describe a mouse model of acute intestinal IR injury that provides reproducible injury of the small intestine without mortality. This is achieved by inducing ischemia in the region of the distal ileum by temporally occluding the peripheral and terminal collateral branches of the superior mesenteric artery for 60 min using microvascular clips. Reperfusion for 1 hr, or 2 hr after injury results in reproducible injury of the intestine examined by histological analysis. Proper position of the microvascular clips is critical for the procedure. Therefore the video clip provides a detailed visual step-by-step description of this technique. This model of intestinal IR injury can be utilized to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms of injury and regeneration.

Here we describe the detailed procedure of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in mice which results in reproducible injury without mortality to encourage the standardization of this technique across the field. This model of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury can be utilized to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms of injury and regeneration.

腸管虚血 - 再灌流傷害のマウスモデル

Intestinal ischemia is a life-threatening condition associated with a broad range of clinical conditions including atherosclerosis, thrombosis, ...

Reproducible Motor Deficit Following Aortic Occlusion in a Rat Model Of Spinal Cord Ischemia

Spinal cord ischemia is a fatal complication following thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. Researchers can investigate the strategies for preventing and treating this complication using experimental models of spinal cord ischemia. The model described here demonstrates varying degrees of paraplegia that relate to the length of occlusion following thoracic aortic occlusion in a rat spinal cord ischemia model.
A 2-Fr. balloon-tipped catheter was advanced through the femoral artery into the descending thoracic aorta until the catheter tip was placed at the left subclavian artery in anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats. Spinal cord ischemia was induced by inflating the catheter balloon. After a set period of occlusion (9, 10, or 11 min), the balloon was deflated. Neurologic assessment was performed using the motor deficit index at 24 h after surgery, and the spinal cord was harvested for histopathological examination.
Rats that underwent 9 min of aortic occlusion showed mild and reversible motor impairment in the hind limb. Rats subjected to 10 min of aortic occlusion presented with moderate but reversible motor impairment. Rats subjected to 11 min of aortic occlusion displayed complete and persistent paralysis. The motor neurons in the spinal cord sections were more preserved in rats subjected to shorter duration of aortic occlusion.
Researchers can achieve a reproducible hind limb motor deficit following thoracic aortic occlusion using this spinal cord ischemia model.

This study demonstrates the technique to make a minimally invasive and easily reproducible model of spinal cord ischemia in rats. Various degrees of hind limb motor deficit can be produced by controlling the aortic occlusion time.

脊髄虚血ラットモデルにおける大動脈閉塞後の再現性のある運動障害

Spinal cord ischemia is a fatal complication following thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. Researchers can investigate the strategies for preventing ...

Two-vessel Occlusion Mouse Model of Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion

In this study, a middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion mouse model is employed to study cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. A reproducible and reliable mouse model is useful for investigating the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and determining potential therapeutic strategies for patients with stroke. Variations in the anatomy of the circle of Willis of C57BL/6 mice affects their infarct volume after cerebral-ischemia-induced injury. Studies have indicated that distal MCA occlusion (MCAO) can overcome this problem and result in a stable infarct size. In this study, we establish a two-vessel occlusion mouse model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion through the interruption of the blood flow to the right MCA. We distally ligate the right MCA and right common carotid artery (CCA) and restore blood flow after a certain period of ischemia. This ischemia-reperfusion injury induces an infarct of stable size and a behavioral deficit. Peripheral immune cells infiltrate the ischemic brain within the 24 h infiltration period. Additionally, the neuronal loss in the cortical area is less for a longer reperfusion duration. Therefore, this two-vessel occlusion model is suitable for investigating the immune response and neuronal recovery during the reperfusion period after cerebral ischemia.

A mouse model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion is established to investigate the pathophysiology of stroke. We distally ligate the right middle cerebral artery and right common carotid artery and restore blood flow after 10 or 40 min of ischemia.

2 血管閉塞マウス脳虚血・再灌流モデル

In this study, a middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion mouse model is employed to study cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. A reproducible and reliable mouse ...

Evaluation of Coronary Flow Reserve After Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats

Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. After an acute myocardial infarction, early and successful myocardial intervention via recanalization of the coronary artery is the most effective strategy for reducing the size of ischemic myocardium. The coronary microvasculature cannot be visualized and imaged&#160;in vivo, but there are several invasive and noninvasive techniques that can be used to assess parameters which depend directly on coronary microvascular function. The endothelial function after ischemia reperfusion can be assessed also at the level of the coronary circulation via the coronary flow reserve (CFR).&#160;In this study, peak velocity of left anterior descending (LAD) coronary arteries was measured in rats in vivo via Transthoracic Doppler Echocardiography during resting and stress challenge (induced by Dobutamine). A normal heart can increase its coronary blood flow up to four times above the resting values during stress induction. Following ischemia reperfusion, we found a significantly diminished CFR, which can be used as a marker of coronary microvascular dysfunction. CFR has opened a window on the importance of microvascular dysfunction and has been shown to predict cardiovascular risk independent of whether the severe obstructive disease is present.

Coronary flow reserve (CFR), is defined as the ratio of maximal coronary blood flow to the resting coronary blood flow. We present a protocol for evaluating CFR in rats via ultrasound, which offers the opportunity to predict cardiovascular risk factors in the absence of obstructive coronary disease.

ラットにおける心筋虚血再灌流後の冠動脈流量の評価

Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. After an acute myocardial infarction, early and successful myocardial intervention via ...

Murine Surgical Model of Topical Elastase Induced Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm

According to the Center for Disease Control, aortic aneurysms (AAs) were considered a leading cause of death in all races and both sexes from 1999-2016. An aneurysm forms as a result of progressive weakening and eventual dilation of the aorta, which can rupture or tear once it reaches a critical diameter. Aneurysms of the descending aorta in the chest, called descending thoracic aortic aneurysms (dTAA), make up a large proportion of aneurysm cases in the United States. Uncontained dTAA rupture is almost universally lethal, and elective repair has a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of our model is to study dTAA specifically, to elucidate the pathophysiology of dTAA and to search for molecular targets to halt the growth or reduce the size of dTAA. By having a murine model to study thoracic pathology precisely, targeted therapies can be developed to specifically test dTAA. The method is based on the placement of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) directly on the outer murine aortic wall after surgical exposure. This creates a destructive and inflammatory reaction, which weakens the aortic wall and allows for aneurysm formation over weeks to months. Though murine models possess limitations, our dTAA model produces robust aneurysms of predictable size. Furthermore, this model can be used to test genetic and pharmaceutical targets which may arrest dTAA growth or prevent rupture. In human patients, interventions such as these could help avoid aneurysm rupture, and difficult surgical intervention.

We describe a surgical protocol to consistently induce robust descending thoracic aortic aneurysms in mice. The procedure involves left thoracotomy, thoracic aorta exposure, and placement of a sponge soaked in porcine pancreatic elastase on the aortic wall.

局所エラスターゼ誘発下下胸部大動脈瘤のマウス外科モデル

According to the Center for Disease Control, aortic aneurysms (AAs) were considered a leading cause of death in all races and both sexes from 1999-2016. ...