EmoCogMeterはMicroMovieメディア社（http://www.micromovie.com）と共同で開発されました。

1。被験者私たちは、心理的に五四〇から一を募集し、体細胞の健康な男性及び女性被験者（年齢44.47±9.41、範囲18から89歳、IQ 113.90±12.73）。すべての被験者は、ネイティブスピーカーのレベルでドイツ語を話した。研究はヘルシンキ宣言の最新バージョンに合わせて行われ、ドイツの心理学会の倫理委員会によって承認された。すべての被験者は、スクリーニング前に書面によるインフォームドコンセントを与え、参加を払い戻した。 2。研究デザイン EmoCogMeter、アプリベースのアプリケーションは、7神経心理学的検査が含まれており、いくつかのドメインに認知機能を調査するために開発されました。各試験の前には、短い命令およびデモンストレーションが画面に表示されていた。実験者からの口頭での指示やフィードバックはありませんでした。被験者は、テストを完了するのに約25〜30分を必要としていセッションをING。 <ol><li> 神経心理学的検査 <ol><li> 学習と記憶 <ol><li> メモリスパン 一連の数字で参加者を提示し、数字直後に入力するように依頼。 2桁の数字で始まり、参加者が成功した場合、番号の長いリストを与える。 <ol><li>被験者が正常に9桁の数字を思い出して、どちらか先に5分、または後にタスクを終了します。数唱とそのレベルに到達するために必要な合計試行回数を記録します。 </li></ol></li><li> ワーキングメモリ 参加者は、正、負、中性の単語のシーケンスを表示し、単語が1の前に2つの試験を提示したものと同じであるかどう応えてきた。 <ol><li> 5分後にタスクを終了し、正しい応答（ヒット）の数、偽の応答、および応答の平均待ち時間を記録します。 </li></ol></li></ol></li><li> 注意および集中 <ol><li> 選択的アッテネータのTiON ストループ課題の変形を適用し、書かれた色の名前は、それがインチ表示されていた色のインクに対応しているかどう応答するために被験者に依頼<ol><li> 3分後にタスクを終了し、正しい応答（ヒット）の数を記録して、偽の応答、応答を逃した、と応答の平均待ち時間。 </li></ol></li><li> 持続的注意 小さなワーキングメモリコンポーネントを含むタスクを使用してください。画面の中央に擬似ランダムな順序で点灯し、小さな青と黄色の円からなる円を提示します。 <ol><li>検出し、青 - 黄 - 黄の配列に対応するための被験者に指示します。 4分後にタスクを終了し、正しい応答（ヒット）の数を記録して、偽の応答、および応答を逃した。 </li></ol></li></ol></li><li> 執行機能 <ol><li> 試験Bを作る·トレイル プローブタスク切り替えと13番号を順次交互に接続するための科目を必要とするS、画面上の12文字。被写体がエラーをしたし、正しい接続が選択される前に作業を継続しない場合、接続を表示しません。 <ol><li>それが成功し、それまでに完了していない場合は90秒後にタスクを終了します。タスクを完了するために必要な合計時間を記録します。 </li></ol></li><li> ハノイの塔 計画および中間体の一連の工程を介して目標を達成する能力を評価する。 3本のロッド、その後、小さなサイズの4枚のディスクでバージョンを使用してください。 <ol><li>彼らは次の規則に従うことで、別のロッドにディスクのスタック全体を移動する必要が被験者に通知する：（1）限定1ディスクが一度に移動させることができる。 （2）各々の動きは、すでにそのロッド上に存在し得る他のディスクの上に、棒の一方から上側のディスクを取り出し、別のロッドの上にスライドからなる。 （3）無ディスクが小さいディスクの上に配置することができない。 </li><li>被験者は4分後に目標を達成するために失敗した場合、テストを終了します。 Rタスクとソリューションに必要な移動回数を解決するために必要な時間をECORD。 </li></ol></li></ol></li><li> 処理速度 シンボル手紙モダリティテスト 9文字と、画面の上部に対応する幾何学のシンボルと共に存在科目。ディスプレイ下部に文字の行とは、可能な限り高速に、各文字の下に対応する記号を移動するために被験者に指示します。 <ol><li>正しい応答（ヒット）の数を記録して、偽の応答は、許可された時間（90秒）以内に応答し、応答の平均待ち時間を逃した。 </li></ol></li></ol></li><li> 統計分析 ワーキングメモリ、選択的注意と持続的注意のプロービングテストでは、我々は100をX、精度比（（ヒット偽）/ターゲット）を定義しました。すべてのデータはとの多変量分散分析（MANOVAs）を用いて分析した被験者間の年齢層や性別を要因。 GreenhouseGeisser補正はアプリだったED、適切な場合。 MANOVAsは有意な主効果または相互作用が明らかになった場合は、さらなる統計分析は、t検定比較を用い​​て行った。 </li></ol>

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著者らは、開示することは何もありません。

本研究の主な目的は、寿命全体で認知機能に対する年齢の影響を調査中のタブレットコンピュータベースのアプリケーションのユーザビリティを評価することであった。仮説として、被験者は、最も神経心理学的ドメインにおける年齢関連の減少を示した。このようなメモリスパン、ワーキングメモリの正確さ、および選択的注意のようないくつかの認知機能のために、減少は中年と古い被?...

人間の老化は、バックマンら （、すべてのドメインの認知機能の低下と関連しているが、特に前頭前野に関連する機能や、ワーキングメモリ（WM）、エピソード記憶、および執行機能のような内側側頭葉のために発音されることがあります。1 、Brehmer ら 2、シンら。3、ウェスト4）。それに対応して、脳イメージング研究は、ボリューム削減が前頭前野とmediotemporal地域で最も顕著である（ラズら 5,6）、これらの領域内および間の変更された機能は、加齢に伴う認知変化（Sander らに貢献するかもしれないことを示した。7 、公園、ロイター·ローレンツ8）。分子イメージング研究はバックマンら （加齢に伴うドーパミン損失は、複数の認知課題に障害の強力なメディエーターであるかもしれないことを示している9、10、。Erixon-Lindrothら11。 </sup&gt; Volkow ら 12）。老後の知覚と認知能力は感情的な刺激によって強化された可能性があることを、かなりの証拠がある。高齢者は注意、認識、感情的な記憶増強の対策に関して積極valenced刺激にパフォーマンスが向上する傾向は加齢に伴う陽性効果（チャールズらと呼ばれている。13、メイザーと騎士14、LöckenhoffとCarstensen 15 、グルーンら 16、Isaacowitz ら 17）と生活アプローチ（CarstensenとLöckenhoff18）の終わりと意欲を高める目標の違いを反映している可能性があります。 認知機能の神経心理学的検査は、通常、ワークステーション上で紙と鉛筆のテストまたはコンピュータベースの試験によってどちらかを実施しており、それ以上の年齢の被験者をテストするときに難しいかもしれません。第一に、損なわれた運動能力は、PAの使用が制限される場合がありますごとと鉛筆のテスト、第二に、それ以上の年齢の対象者は、多くの場合、キーボード、マウスパッド、またはコンピュータベースの神経心理学的テストの間に適用される他の入力デバイスに慣れていない。その結果、古い被験者は、多くの場合、パフォーマンスが低下し、調査結果の妥当性を減少させるかもしれない、神経心理学テスト中に貧しい動機やコンプライアンスを示している。さらに、紙と鉛筆のテストだけでなく、ワークステーション上のコンピュータベースのテストでは、命令とフィードバックのためだけでなく、その後めったにデータベースに転送されず、非常にすることのみがアクセスされた結果のドキュメントについては、実験者の恒久的な出席を必要とする人々の限られた数。このように、神経心理学的検査の関係まで、かなりの人的資源へのこの「従来型」のアプローチは、結果を転送する際に、エラーの確率を増加させ、データ·アクセスを制限し、ワークフローが遅くなります。 私たちの目的は、自身の調査のためのタブレットベースのアプリケーションをテストすることだったveral神経心理学のドメイン。我々はこのような単純なツールがをスクリーニングし、臨床および外来患者の設定で認知障害を追跡するために迅速かつ効果的な方法かもしれないことを、仮説として、我々はiPadアプリケーションを使用していました。年齢に関係なく、被験者は実験者からの指示やフィードバックなしにタスクを実行するために、テストを完了することができる必要があります有効にする必要があります。年齢に関係なく、被験者は実験者からの指示やフィードバックなしにタスクを実行するために有効にする必要があります。私たちは、タッチパッドは、特にコンピュータに精通していない旧式の被験者に対する他の応答装置（ 例えば 、マウスパッドやキーボード）よりも、より直感的な使用を可能にするだろうと、仮説を立てた。実験者のための利点は、標準化と時間の節約テスト手順、データの保存や析のデータベース化·円滑にテスト結果の安全な転送を含める必要がありますが、タスクのパフォーマンスを高めて、コンプライアンスや動機は、結果の妥当性を高めるかもしれないSIS。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="732">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Wortschatz-Test (WST)</td>
			<td style="width:231px;">http://www.testzentrale.de/programm/wortschatztest.html</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Assessment of Intelligence</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Berlin Affective Word List (BAWL)</td>
			<td style="width:231px;">V&#245; et al., 2009</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Stimuli for working memory task</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Predictive Analysis SoftWare, version 18.0</td>
			<td style="width:231px;">SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Statistical Analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">iPad</td>
			<td style="width:231px;">http://www.apple.com/de</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">EmoCogMeter</td>
			<td style="width:231px;">http://anem.charite.de/anem</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
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assessment of age-related changes in cognitive functions using emocogmeter, a novel tablet-computer based approach

本研究の主な目的は、378健康な被験者（年齢18から89歳）のサンプル中の寿命全体で認知機能に対する年齢の影響を調査中でタブレットコンピュータベースのアプリケーション（EmoCogMeter）の使いやすさを評価することであった。これまでの知見と一致して、我々は、それによって私たちのタブレットベースのアプリケーションのユーザビリティを証明し、神経心理学的ドメイン（記憶、注意、遂行機能）、幅広い年齢に関連する認知機能低下を発見した。関係なく、前のコンピュータの経験を、すべての年齢層の被験者は実験者からの指示やフィードバックなしにタスクを実行することができました。モチベーションの向上、コンプライアンス、それによって潜在的に結果の有効性を増加させる、タスク実行のために有益であることが判明した。当社の有望な調査結果は、認知機能障害の検出とモニタリングのためのタブレットベースのアプリケーションの大きな臨床的および実用的な可能性を強調している。

19の被験者からのデータは、技術的な問題に記録することができませんでした。残りのすべての被験者（N = 522）は、テストを完了し、3年齢群にクラスタ化された（若い：18〜30歳、中年：31から59歳、古い：60-89歳）。これらのグループの参加者は、（ 表1参照）は、Nのサンプルサイズ= 378、その結果、性別とIQによるとマッチさせた。 3年齢群内のすべての神経心理学的検査のた?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach at JoVE.com

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

私たちは、認知に対する年齢の影響を調査中でタブレットコンピュータベースのアプリケーション（EmoCogMeter）のユーザビリティをテストしました。結果は、それによって、アプリケーションの使いやすさを証明し、加齢に伴う認知機能の低下を示しています。調査結果は、検出および認知機能障害の監視のためのタブレットベースのアプリケーションの大きな臨床的および実用的な可能性を強調している。

EmoCogMeter、新規タブレットコンピュータベースのアプローチを用いて認知機能の加齢変化の評価

The main goal of this study was to assess the usability of a tablet-computer-based application (EmoCogMeter) in investigating the effects of age on ...

assessment-age-related-changes-cognitive-functions-using-emocogmeter

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

13.5K ビュー.  Freie Universität Berlin. 私たちは、認知に対する年齢の影響を調査中でタブレットコンピュータベースのアプリケーション（EmoCogMeter）のユーザビリティをテストしました。結果は、それによって、アプリケーションの使いやすさを証明し、加齢に伴う認知機能の低下を示しています。調査結果は、検出および認知機能障害の監視のためのタブレットベースのアプリケーションの...

ビデオ: Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior

We present an operant system for the detection of pain in awake, conscious rodents. The Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) assesses pain behaviors in a more clinically relevant way by not relying on reflex-based measures of nociception. Food fasted, hairless (or shaved) rodents are placed into a Plexiglas chamber which has two Peltier-based thermodes that can be programmed to any temperature between 7 &deg;C and 60 &deg;C. The rodent is trained to make contact with these in order to access a reward bottle. During a session, a number of behavioral pain outcomes are automatically recorded and saved. These measures include the number of reward bottle activations (licks) and facial contact stimuli (face contacts), but custom measures like the lick/face ratio (total number of licks per session/total number of contacts) can also be created. The stimulus temperature can be set to a single temperature or multiple temperatures within a session. The OPAD is a high-throughput, easy to use operant assay which will lead to better translation of pain research in the future as it includes cortical input instead of relying on spinal reflex-based nociceptive assays.

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device OPAD to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior

We present a user-friendly, high-throughput operant system for the evaluation of pain behaviors in awake, conscious rodents. The Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) can assess pain through a reward/conflict paradigm thus providing a more humane way of testing. This protocol will yield more clinically relevant and translational data from rodents.

侵害受容性行動の変化を測定するためにオペラント口腔顔面疼痛評価デバイス（OPAD）の使用

We present an operant  system for the detection of pain in awake, conscious rodents. The Orofacial  Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) assesses pain behaviors ...

行動学

The Crossmodal Congruency Task as a Means to Obtain an Objective Behavioral Measure in the Rubber Hand Illusion Paradigm

The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a popular experimental paradigm. Participants view touch on an artificial rubber hand while the participants' own hidden hand is touched. If the viewed and felt touches are given at the same time then this is sufficient to induce the compelling experience that the rubber hand is one's own hand. The RHI can be used to investigate exactly how the brain constructs distinct body representations for one's own body. Such representations are crucial for successful interactions with the external world. To obtain a subjective measure of the RHI, researchers typically ask participants to rate statements such as "I felt as if the rubber hand were my hand". Here we demonstrate how the crossmodal congruency task can be used to obtain an objective behavioral measure within this paradigm.
The variant of the crossmodal congruency task we employ involves the presentation of tactile targets and visual distractors. Targets and distractors are spatially congruent (i.e. same finger) on some trials and incongruent (i.e. different finger) on others. The difference in performance between incongruent and congruent trials - the crossmodal congruency effect (CCE) - indexes multisensory interactions. Importantly, the CCE is modulated both by viewing a hand as well as the synchrony of viewed and felt touch which are both crucial factors for the RHI.
The use of the crossmodal congruency task within the RHI paradigm has several advantages. It is a simple behavioral measure which can be repeated many times and which can be obtained during the illusion while participants view the artificial hand. Furthermore, this measure is not susceptible to observer and experimenter biases. The combination of the RHI paradigm with the crossmodal congruency task allows in particular for the investigation of multisensory processes which are critical for modulations of body representations as in the RHI.

We demonstrate how an objective measure can be employed in the widely employed rubber hand illusion paradigm. This measure is obtained by modifying the well-established crossmodal congruency task. This task allows the investigation of multisensory processes which are critical for modulations of body representations as in the rubber hand illusion.

ラバーハンドイリュージョンパラダイムにおける客観行動測定値を得るための手段としてクロスモーダル一致タスク

The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a popular experimental paradigm. Participants view touch on an artificial rubber hand while the participants' own hidden ...

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

The ability to adjust behavior to sudden changes in the environment develops gradually in childhood and adolescence. For example, in the Dimensional Change Card Sort task, participants switch from sorting cards one way, such as shape, to sorting them a different way, such as color. Adjusting behavior in this way exacts a small performance cost, or switch cost, such that responses are typically slower and more error-prone on switch trials in which the sorting rule changes as compared to repeat trials in which the sorting rule remains the same. The ability to flexibly adjust behavior is often said to develop gradually, in part because behavioral costs such as switch costs typically decrease with increasing age. Why aspects of higher-order cognition, such as behavioral flexibility, develop so gradually remains an open question. One hypothesis is that these changes occur in association with functional changes in broad-scale cognitive control networks. On this view, complex mental operations, such as switching, involve rapid interactions between several distributed brain regions, including those that update and maintain task rules, re-orient attention, and select behaviors. With development, functional connections between these regions strengthen, leading to faster and more efficient switching operations. The current video describes a method of testing this hypothesis through the collection and multivariate analysis of fMRI data from participants of different ages.

This video presents a method of examining age-related changes in functional connectivity of cognitive control networks engaged by targeted tasks/processes. The technique is based on multi-variate analysis of fMRI data.

寸法変化カードソート·パフォーマンスと認知制御ネットワーク関連の機能的結合の加齢の違いを調査するための方法

The ability to adjust behavior to sudden changes in the environment develops gradually in childhood and adolescence. For example, in the Dimensional ...

Practical Methodology of Cognitive Tasks Within a Navigational Assessment

This paper describes an approach for measuring navigation accuracy relative to cognitive skills. The methodology behind the assessment will thus be clearly outlined in a step-by-step manner. Navigational skills are important when trying to find symbols within a speech-generating device (SGD) that has a dynamic screen and taxonomical organization. The following skills have been found to impact children&#8217;s ability to find symbols when navigating within the levels of an SGD: sustained attention, categorization, cognitive flexibility, and fluid reasoning1,2. According to past studies, working memory was not correlated with navigation1,2.
The materials needed for this method include a computerized tablet, an augmentative and alternative communication application, a booklet of symbols, and the Leiter International Performance Scale-Revised (Leiter-R)3. This method has been used in two previous studies. Robillard, Mayer-Crittenden, Roy-Charland, Minor-Corriveau and B&#233;langer1 assessed typically developing children, while Rondeau, Robillard and Roy-Charland2 assessed children and adolescents with a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder. The direct observation of this method will facilitate the replication of this study for researchers. It will also help clinicians that work with children who have complex communication needs to determine the children&#8217;s ability to navigate an SGD with taxonomical categorization.

Children who have complex communication needs can benefit from the use of a speech-generating device (SGD). Cognitive skills were identified as having an impact on the ability to navigate between levels of SGDs. This protocol describes the steps needed for Speech-language Pathologists to assess cognitive skills and navigational abilities.

ナビゲーション·アセスメントの中で認知課題の実践的方法論

This paper describes an approach for measuring navigation accuracy relative to cognitive skills. The methodology behind the assessment will thus be ...

Experimental Assessment of Mouse Sociability Using an Automated Image Processing Approach

Mouse is the preferred model organism for testing drugs designed to increase sociability. We present a method to quantify mouse sociability in which the test mouse is placed in a standardized apparatus and relevant behaviors are assessed in three different sessions (called session I, II, and III).
The apparatus has three compartments (see Figure 1), the left and right compartments contain an inverted cup which can house a mouse (called &#34;stimulus mouse&#34;).
In session I, the test mouse is placed in the cage and its mobility is characterized by the number of transitions made between compartments. In session II, a stimulus mouse is placed under one of the inverted cups and the sociability of the test mouse is quantified by the amounts of time it spends near the cup containing the enclosed stimulus mouse vs. the empty inverted cup. In session III, the inverted cups are removed and both mice interact freely. The sociability of the test mouse in session III is quantified by the number of social approaches it makes toward the stimulus mouse and by the number of times it avoids a social approach by the stimulus mouse.
The automated evaluation of the movie detects the nose of the test mouse, which allows the determination of all described sociability measures in session I and II (in session III, approaches are identified automatically but classified manually). To find the nose, the image of an empty cage is digitally subtracted from each frame of the movie and the resulting image is binarized to identify the mouse pixels. The mouse tail is automatically removed and the two most distant points of the remaining mouse are determined; these are close to nose and base of tail. By analyzing the motion of the mouse and using continuity arguments, the nose is identified.
<img alt="Figure 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/52508/52508fig1.jpg" /> 
Figure 1. Assessment of Sociability During 3 sessions. Session I (top): Acclimation of test mouse to the cage. Session II (middle): Test mouse moving freely in the cage while the stimulus mouse is enclosed in an inverted cup. Session III (bottom): Both test mouse and stimulus mouse are allowed to move freely and interact with each other.

This protocol describes a method to quantify mouse sociability. Mice are videotaped as they move and interact in a special cage. Movie processing allows for the automated quantification of sociability with excellent accuracy and reliability.

自動画像処理手法を用いてマウス社交性の実験的評価

Mouse is the preferred model organism for testing drugs designed to increase sociability. We present a method to quantify mouse sociability in which the ...

Assessment of Social Cognition in Non-human Primates Using a Network of Computerized Automated Learning Device (ALDM) Test Systems

Fagot &#38; Paleressompoulle1 and Fagot &#38; Bonte2 have published an automated learning device (ALDM) for the study of cognitive abilities of monkeys maintained in semi-free ranging conditions. Data accumulated during the last five years have consistently demonstrated the efficiency of this protocol to investigate individual/physical cognition in monkeys, and have further shown that this procedure reduces stress level during animal testing3. This paper demonstrates that networks of ALDM can also be used to investigate different facets of social cognition and in-group expressed behaviors in monkeys, and describes three illustrative protocols developed for that purpose. The first study demonstrates how ethological assessments of social behavior and computerized assessments of cognitive performance could be integrated to investigate the effects of socially exhibited moods on the cognitive performance of individuals. The second study shows that batteries of ALDM running in parallel can provide unique information on the influence of the presence of others on task performance. Finally, the last study shows that networks of ALDM test units can also be used to study issues related to social transmission and cultural evolution. Combined together, these three studies demonstrate clearly that ALDM testing is a highly promising experimental tool for bridging the gap in the animal literature between research on individual cognition and research on social cognition.

Assessment of Social Cognition in Non-human Primates Using a Network of Computerized Automated Learning Device ALDM Test Systems

Fagot &#38; Paleressompoulle1 have published an automated learning device (ALDM) aimed at testing individual cognitive abilities in semi-free ranging monkeys. The main goal of our protocol is to use a network of ALDM test units to study social cognition in non-human primates.

コンピューターの自動学習装置（ALDM）テストシステムのネットワークを用いた非ヒト霊長類における社会的認知の評価

Fagot &#38; Paleressompoulle1 and Fagot &#38; Bonte2 have published an automated learning device (ALDM) for the study of cognitive abilities of monkeys ...

Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans

In spite of the success in applying non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG), magneto-encephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for extracting crucial information about the mechanism of the human brain, such methods remain insufficient to provide information about physiological processes reflecting cognitive and emotional functions at the subcortical level. In this respect, modern invasive clinical approaches in humans, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS), offer a tremendous possibility to record subcortical brain activity, namely local field potentials (LFPs) representing coherent activity of neural assemblies from localized basal ganglia or thalamic regions. Notwithstanding the fact that invasive approaches in humans are applied only after medical indication and thus recorded data correspond to altered brain circuits, valuable insight can be gained regarding the presence of intact brain functions in relation to brain oscillatory activity and the pathophysiology of disorders in response to experimental cognitive paradigms. In this direction, a growing number of DBS studies in patients with Parkinson&#39;s disease (PD) target not only motor functions but also higher level processes such as emotions, decision-making, attention, memory and sensory perception. Recent clinical trials also emphasize the role of DBS as an alternative treatment in neuropsychiatric disorders ranging from obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) to chronic disorders of consciousness (DOC). Consequently, we focus on the use of combined invasive (LFP) and non-invasive (EEG) human brain recordings in assessing the role of cortical-subcortical structures in cognitive and emotional processing trough experimental paradigms (e.g. speech stimuli with emotional connotation or paradigms of cognitive control such as the Flanker task), for patients undergoing DBS treatment.

The present protocol aims at assessing cognitive-emotional functions in the basal ganglia by simultaneous neurophysiological recording of local field potentials and non-invasive brain cortical activity (EEG). The procedure is exemplified by the use of paradigms involving speech stimuli with emotional connotation or the Flanker task involving cognitive control.

認知の評価とヒトにおける感情的な関数の組み合わせ侵襲性皮質下および非侵襲性の面神経生理学レコーディング

In spite of the success in applying non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG), magneto-encephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging ...

A Method for Manipulating Blood Glucose and Measuring Resulting Changes in Cognitive Accessibility of Target Stimuli

Much research in social psychology has investigated the impact of bodily energy need on cognition and decision-making. As such, blood glucose, the body's primary energy source, has been of special interest to researchers for years. Fluctuations in blood glucose have been linked to a variety of changes in cognitive and behavioral processes, such as self-control, political attitudes, and eating behavior. To help meet growing interest in the links between bodily energy need and these processes, this manuscript offers a simple methodology to experimentally manipulate blood glucose using a fasting procedure followed by administration of a sugar-sweetened, unsweetened, or artificially-sweetened beverage. This is followed by presentation of a method for measuring resulting changes in implicit cognition using a lexical decision-task. In this task, participants are asked to identify whether strings of letters are words or non-words and response latencies are recorded. Sample results from a recent publication are presented as an example of the applications for the experimental manipulation of blood glucose and the lexical decision task measures.

The authors introduce a method for manipulating blood glucose and measuring resulting changes in cognitive accessibility of target words using a lexical decision task.

血糖の操作とターゲット刺激の認知アクセシビリティにおける測定結果の変化のための方法

Much research in social psychology has investigated the impact of bodily energy need on cognition and decision-making.  As such, blood glucose, the body's ...

Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder with pathological involvement of upper and lower motoneurons, subsequently leading to progressive loss of motor and speech abilities. In addition, cognitive functions are impaired in a subset of patients. To evaluate these potential deficits in severely physically impaired ALS patients, eye-tracking is a promising means to conduct cognitive tests. The present article focuses on how eye movements, an indirect means of communication for physically disabled patients, can be utilized to allow for detailed neuropsychological assessment. The requirements, in terms of oculomotor parameters that have to be met for sufficient eye-tracking in ALS patients are presented. The properties of stimuli, including type of neuropsychological tests and style of presentation, best suited to successfully assess cognitive functioning, are also described. Furthermore, recommendations regarding procedural requirements are provided. Overall, this methodology provides a reliable, easy to administer and fast approach for assessing cognitive deficits in patients who are unable to speak or write such as patients with severe ALS. The only confounding factor might be deficits in voluntary eye movement control in a subset of ALS patients.

Cognitive deficits are common in about one third of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a neurological condition leading to progressive impairments in speech and movement abilities. To conduct cognitive tests in patients unable to speak or write a reliable and easy to administer eye-tracking paradigm was developed.

筋萎縮性側索硬化症の患者で認知機能を評価するために、アイトラッキング制御

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder with pathological involvement of upper and lower motoneurons, subsequently leading to ...

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Collecting reliable behavioral data from toddlers and preschoolers is challenging. As a result, there are significant gaps in our understanding of human auditory development for these age groups. This paper describes an observer-based procedure for measuring hearing sensitivity with a two-interval, two-alternative forced-choice paradigm. Young children are trained to perform a play-based, motor response (e.g., putting a block in a bucket) whenever they hear a target signal. An experimenter observes the child&#39;s behavior and makes a judgment about whether the signal was presented during the first or second observation interval; the experimenter is blinded to the true signal interval, so this judgment is based solely on the child&#39;s behavior. These procedures were used to test 2 to 4 year-olds (n = 33) with no known hearing problems. The signal was a 1,000 Hz warble tone presented in quiet, and the signal level was adjusted to estimate a threshold corresponding to 71%-correct detection. A valid threshold was obtained for 82% of children. These results indicate that the two-interval procedure is both feasible and reliable for use with toddlers and preschoolers. The two-interval, observer-based procedure described in this paper is a powerful tool for evaluating hearing in young children because it guards against response bias on the part of the experimenter.

This paper describes a procedure for measuring hearing sensitivity in 2 to 4 year-old children. Children are trained to perform play-based responses when they hear a target signal. Thresholds are then estimated in a two-interval, two-alternative forced-choice paradigm, based on observations of the child&#39;s behaviors.

馴化プレイベースの応答を使用して、2つの間隔、オブザーバベースの手順：2〜4歳の子供に聴覚の行動評価

Collecting reliable behavioral data from toddlers and preschoolers is challenging. As a result, there are significant gaps in our understanding of human ...