著者は、彼の支援と便利な技術的な議論のためにライアン桐に感謝したい。 著者はまた、Birckナノテクノロジーセンターの技術スタッフの協力と支援を承認したいと思います。この作品は、パーデュー電子レンジリコンエバネッセントモード空洞の下で国防高等研究計画局によってサポートされていましたが研究をフィルタリングします。また、受賞数DE-FC5208NA28617下の信頼性、整合性とマイクロシステムの耐障害性とエネルギー省の予測のNNSAセンター。この論文/プレゼンテーションに含まれているビュー、意見、および/または所見は、著者/発表者のものであり、米国防総省の国防高等研究計画局や課の、明示または黙示の公式見解や政策を代表するものと解釈すべきではない国防。

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Microeng. 22, 095004 (2012).</li><li>Su, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> A lateral-drive method to address pull-in failure in MEMS. , (2008).</li><li>Scott, S., Peroulis, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+capacitively-loaded+MEMS+slot+element+for+wireless+temperature+sensing+of+up+to+300&#176;C+.">A capacitively-loaded MEMS slot element for wireless temperature sensing of up to 300&#176;C .</a> , 1161-1164 (2009).</li><li>Scott, S., Sadeghi, F., Peroulis, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inherently-robust+300C+MEMS+sensor+for+wireless+health+monitoring+of+ball+and+rolling+element+bearings.">Inherently-robust 300C MEMS sensor for wireless health monitoring of ball and rolling element bearings.</a> , 975-978 (2009).</li><li>Lee, K. 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Microeng. 20, 015004 (2010).</li><li>Small, J., Fruehling, A., Garg, A., Liu, X., Peroulis, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=DC-dynamic+biasing+for+&gt;50x+switching+time+improvement+in+severely+underdamped+fringing-field+electrostatic+MEMS+actuators.">DC-dynamic biasing for &gt;50x switching time improvement in severely underdamped fringing-field electrostatic MEMS actuators.</a> J. Micromech. Microeng. 22, (2012).</li><li>Borovic, B., Liu, A. Q., Popa, D., Cai, H., Lewis, F. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Open-loop+versus+closed-loop+control+of+MEMS+devices:+Choices+and+issues.">Open-loop versus closed-loop control of MEMS devices: Choices and issues.</a> J. Micromech. Microeng. 15, 1917-1924 (2005).</li><li>Pons-Nin, J., Rodriquez, A., Castaner, L. 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Syst. 15, 1586-1594 (2006).</li><li>Elata, D., Bamberger, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=On+the+dynamic+pull-in+of+electrostatic+actuators+with+multiple+degrees+of+freedom+and+multiple+voltage+sources.">On the dynamic pull-in of electrostatic actuators with multiple degrees of freedom and multiple voltage sources.</a> J. Microelectromech. Syst. 15, 131-140 (2006).</li><li>Chen, K. S., Ou, K. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fast+positioning+and+impact+minimizing+of+MEMS+devices+by+suppression+motion-induced+vibration+by+command+shaping+method.">Fast positioning and impact minimizing of MEMS devices by suppression motion-induced vibration by command shaping method.</a> , 1103-1106 (2009).</li><li>Chen, K. S., Yang, T. S., Yin, J. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Residual+vibration+suppression+for+duffing+nonlinear+systems+with+electromagnetical+actuation+using+nonlinear+command+shaping+techniques.">Residual vibration suppression for duffing nonlinear systems with electromagnetical actuation using nonlinear command shaping techniques.</a> ASME J. Vibration and Acoustics. 128, 778-789 (2006).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Transene Sulfite Gold TSG-250. Product Number: 110-TSG-250. , (2012).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Gold etchant type TFA. Product Number: 060-0015000. , (2012).</li><li>Garg, A., Small, J., Mahapatro, A., Liu, X., Peroulis, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+sacrificial+layer+type+on+thin+film+metal+residual+stress.">Impact of sacrificial layer type on thin film metal residual stress.</a> , 1052-1055 (2009).</li></ol>

著者らは、開示することは何もない。

低残留応力Au膜堆積およびXeF 2を用いたドライリリースは、デバイスが正常に製造において極めて重要なコンポーネントです。平行平板フィールドアクチュエータと比較した場合、静フリンジフィールドアクチュエータは、比較的低い力を提供する。 &gt; 60MPaでの典型的なMEMS薄膜の応力は、潜在的にEFFA MEMSの信頼性が損なわれる可能性が過度に高い駆動電圧になります。この理由のた?...

微小電気機械システム（MEMS）の機械的変位を達成するために、いくつかの作動機構を利用する。最も人気のある、熱、圧電、静磁気、静電である。短いスイッチング時間のために、静電駆動は、最も人気のある手法1、2である。実際には、批判的に減衰機械的なデザインは、最初の立ち上がり時間と整定時間の間で最良の妥協点を提供します。膜はスナップダウンと誘電被覆された作動電極に付着するようにDCバイアスを印加し、ダウンプルダウン電極に向かって膜を作動させる際に、セトリング時間が重要な問題ではない。 8 -いくつかのアプリケーションは、上記の静電駆動設計3の恩恵を受けている。しかし、誘電体コーティングされたプルダウン電極の存在は誘電充スティクションにアクチュエータが受けやすくなります。 MEMS膜はuと利用することができる高速の立ち上がり時間を達成するために機械設計をnderdamped。減衰しにくい機械設計の例としては、（EFFA）MEMS作動の静フリンジ·フィールドです。このトポロジでは、静電ベースの設計9-20を悩ませ、一般的な故障メカニズムにはるかに少ない脆弱性を出品しています。これらのMEMSは、適切に（ 図1）が作動「フリンジ場」と呼ばれる理由平行対向電極と、結果として平行電場が存在しないことである。 EFFA設計では、プルダウン電極が位置する横方向に完全に装置の可動部品と静止部品との間の重複を排除し、可動膜にオフセットされた2つの別個の電極に分割される。しかし、可動膜の下からの基板の除去が著しく、それによってセトリング時間を増加させる成分を減衰させるスクイズフィルムを低下させる。 図2Bは standarに応答におけるセトリング時間の一例であるd個のステップバイアス。一過性の、またはDC-ダイナミックリアルタイムで付勢適用セトリング時間20-26を改善するために使用することができる。 図2Cおよび2Dは ​​、定性的に時間的に変化する波形を効果的にリンギングをキャンセルする方法を説明する。以前の研究努力は、スイッチング時間を改善するために、入力バイアスの正確な電圧およびタイミングを計算するために数値的方法を利用する。この作品での方法は、入力バイアス波形パラメータを計算するために、コンパクトな閉じた形の式を使用しています。さらに、以前の研究では、平行板作動に焦点を当てた。構造は不足制動されるように設計されていますが、スクイーズフィルムダンピングはまだこの構成で利用可能です。この作品で提示作動方法は、フリンジフィールド駆動である。この構成では、スクイーズフィルムダンピングを効果的に排除される。これは、MEMSビームの機械的減衰が非常に低い極端な場合を表す。本稿ではEFFA MEMS DEVを作製する方法について説明します氷と実験的に波形のコンセプトを検証するための測定を行います。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="746">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Chemical</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:137px;">Catalogue number</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Comments (optional)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Buffered oxide etchant</td>
			<td>Mallinckrodt Baker</td>
			<td>1178</td>
			<td>Silicon dioxide etch, Ti etch</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Acetone</td>
			<td>Mallinckrodt Baker</td>
			<td>5356</td>
			<td>wafer clean</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Isopropyl alcohol</td>
			<td>Honeywell</td>
			<td>BDH-140</td>
			<td>wafer clean</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Hexamethyldisilizane</td>
			<td>Mallinckrodt Baker</td>
			<td>5797</td>
			<td>adhesion promoter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Microposit SC 1827 Positive Photoresist</td>
			<td>Shipley Europe Ltd</td>
			<td>44090</td>
			<td>Pattern, electroplating</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Microposit MF-26A developer</td>
			<td>Shipley Europe Ltd</td>
			<td>31200</td>
			<td>Develop SC 1827</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Tetramethylammonium hydroxide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>334901</td>
			<td>Bulk Si etch</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Hydrofluroic acid</td>
			<td>Sciencelab.com</td>
			<td>SLH2227</td>
			<td>Silicon dioxide etch</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Sulfuric acid</td>
			<td>Sciencelab.com</td>
			<td>SLS2539</td>
			<td>wafer clean</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Hydrogen peroxide</td>
			<td>Sciencelab.com</td>
			<td>SLH1552</td>
			<td>Wafer clean</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Transene Sulfite Gold TSG-250</td>
			<td>Transense</td>
			<td>110-TSG-250</td>
			<td>Au electroplating solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Baker PRS-3000 Positive Resist Stripper</td>
			<td>Mallinckrodt Baker</td>
			<td>6403</td>
			<td>Photoresist stripper</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Gold etchant type TFA</td>
			<td>Transense</td>
			<td>060-0015000</td>
			<td>Au etch</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

real-time dc-dynamic biasing method for switching time improvement in severely underdamped fringing-field electrostatic mems actuators

機械的に減衰しにくい静フリンジフィールドMEMSアクチュエータはよく単位ステップ入力バイアス電圧に応答して、その高速スイッチング動作のために知られている。しかし、改善されたスイッチング性能のためのトレードオフは、さまざまな印加電圧に応じて、各ギャップ高さに到達するために比較的長いセトリング時間である。過渡バイアス波形は、高い機械的品質係数を有する静フリンジフィールドMEMSアクチュエータの低減スイッチング時間を容易にするために使用されて適用した。フリンジフィールドアクチュエータの下にある基板を除去することは、効果的な概念をテストするために必要な低機械的減衰環境を作成します。下にある基板の除去は、スティクションによる故障に関して、デバイスの信頼性·パフォーマンスに実質的な改善を持っています。 DC-ダイナミックバイアスがセトリング時間を改善するのに有用であるが、典型的なMEMSデバイスのために必要なスルーレートは、電荷pに積極的な要件を置くことができる完全に統合されたオンチップ設計にumps。さらに、バックエンドオブライン商業CMOS処理工程中に基板除去工程を統合する課題が存在してもよい。従来のステップ付勢の結果と比較した場合、製造されたアクチュエータの実験的検証は、スイッチング時間の50倍の改善を示している。理論計算と比較して、実験結果はよく一致している。

図4の設定は、MEMSブリッジの時間特性に対する偏向を捕捉するために使用される。その連続測定モードにおけるレーザードップラー振動計を使用することによって、正確な電圧と時間のパラメータは、所望のギャップ高さの最小光線発振をもたらすことが見られる。 図5は、60 Vギャップ高さに対応する実施例のビーム偏向を示している。これは、事実上すべての発振...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Real-Time DC-dynamic Biasing Method for Switching Time Improvement in Severely Underdamped Fringing-field Electrostatic MEMS Actuators at JoVE.com

Real-Time DC-dynamic Biasing Method for Switching Time Improvement in Severely Underdamped Fringing-field Electrostatic MEMS Actuators

本質的に低いスクイーズフィルムダンピング条件と長いセトリング時間のフリンジフィールド静電MEMSアクチュエータ結果の堅牢なデバイス設計は、従来のステップバイアスを使用してスイッチング動作を行うとき。 DC-ダイナミック波形によるリアルタイムスイッチング時間の改善はにダウンアップと状態へアップダウンの間で移行フリンジ場のMEMSアクチュエータのセトリング時間が短縮されます。

重度不足減衰フリンジフィールド静電MEMSアクチュエータに時間改善スイッチング用リアルタイムDC-ダイナミックバイアス方式

Mechanically underdamped electrostatic fringing-field MEMS actuators are well known for their fast switching operation in response to a unit step input ...

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JoVE Journal

Engineering

10.2K ビュー.  University of California, Davis. 本質的に低いスクイーズフィルムダンピング条件と長いセトリング時間のフリンジフィールド静電MEMSアクチュエータ結果の堅牢なデバイス設計は、従来のステップバイアスを使用してスイッチング動作を行うとき。 DC-ダイナミック波形によるリアルタイムスイッチング時間の改善はにダウンアップと状態へアップダウンの間で移行フリンジ場のMEMSアク?...

ビデオ: Real-Time DC-dynamic Biasing Method for Switching Time Improvement in Severely Underdamped Fringing-field Electrostatic MEMS Actuators

Fabrication Process of Silicone-based Dielectric Elastomer Actuators

This contribution demonstrates the fabrication process of dielectric elastomer transducers (DETs). DETs are stretchable capacitors consisting of an elastomeric dielectric membrane sandwiched between two compliant electrodes. The large actuation strains of these transducers when used as actuators (over 300% area strain) and their soft and compliant nature has been exploited for a wide range of applications, including electrically tunable optics, haptic feedback devices, wave-energy harvesting, deformable cell-culture devices, compliant grippers, and propulsion of a bio-inspired fish-like airship. In most cases, DETs are made with a commercial proprietary acrylic elastomer and with hand-applied electrodes of carbon powder or carbon grease. This combination leads to non-reproducible and slow actuators exhibiting viscoelastic creep and a short lifetime. We present here a complete process flow for the reproducible fabrication of DETs based on thin elastomeric silicone films, including casting of thin silicone membranes, membrane release and prestretching, patterning of robust compliant electrodes, assembly and testing. The membranes are cast on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates coated with a water-soluble sacrificial layer for ease of release. The electrodes consist of carbon black particles dispersed into a silicone matrix and patterned using a stamping technique, which leads to precisely-defined compliant electrodes that present a high adhesion to the dielectric membrane on which they are applied.

This manuscript shows the fabrication process for the manufacture of dielectric elastomer soft actuators based on silicone membranes. The three key stages of production are presented in detail: blade casting of thin silicone membranes; pad printing of compliant electrodes; and the assembly of all the components.

シリコーン系誘電エラストマーアクチュエータの製造工程

This contribution demonstrates the fabrication process of dielectric elastomer transducers (DETs). DETs are stretchable capacitors consisting of an ...

工学

Compact Lens-less Digital Holographic Microscope for MEMS Inspection and Characterization

A micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) is a widely used component in many industries, including energy, biotechnology, medical, communications, and automotive. However, effective inspection and characterization metrology systems are needed to ensure the functional reliability of MEMS. This study presents a system based on digital holography as a tool for MEMS metrology. Digital holography has gained increasing attention in the past 20 years. With the fast development and decreasing cost of sensor arrays, resolution of such systems has increased broadening potential applications. Thus, it has attracted attention from both research and industry sides as a potential reliable tool for industrial metrology. Indeed, by recording the interference pattern between an object beam (which contains sample height information) and a reference beam on a CCD camera, one can retrieve the quantitative phase information of an object. However, most of digital holographic systems are bulky and thus not easy to implement on industry production lines. The novelty of the system presented is that it is lens-less and thus very compact. In this study, it is shown that the Compact Digital Holographic Microscope (CDHM) can be used to evaluate several characteristics typically consider as criteria in MEMS inspections. The surface profiles of MEMS in both static and dynamic conditions are presented. Comparison with AFM is investigated to validate the accuracy of the CDHM.

We present a compact reflection digital holographic system (CDHM) for inspection and characterization of MEMS devices. A lens-less design using a diverging input wave providing natural geometrical magnification is demonstrated. Both static and dynamic studies are presented.

MEMS検査および特性評価のためのコンパクトなレンズレスデジタルホログラフィック顕微鏡

A micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) is a widely used component in many industries, including energy, biotechnology, medical, communications, and ...

Free-form Light Actuators &#8212; Fabrication and Control of Actuation in Microscopic Scale

Liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) are smart materials capable of reversible shape-change in response to external stimuli, and have attracted researchers&#39; attention in many fields. Most of the studies focused on macroscopic LCE structures (films, fibers) and their miniaturization is still in its infancy. Recently developed lithography techniques, e.g., mask exposure and replica molding, only allow for creating 2D structures on LCE thin films. Direct laser writing (DLW) opens access to truly 3D fabrication in the microscopic scale. However, controlling the actuation topology and dynamics at the same length scale remains a challenge.
In this paper we report on a method to control the liquid crystal (LC) molecular alignment in the LCE microstructures of arbitrary three-dimensional shape. This was made possible by a combination of direct laser writing for both the LCE structures as well as for micrograting patterns inducing local LC alignment. Several types of grating patterns were used to introduce different LC alignments, which can be subsequently patterned into the LCE structures. This protocol allows one to obtain LCE microstructures with engineered alignments able to perform multiple opto-mechanical actuation, thus being capable of multiple functionalities. Applications can be foreseen in the fields of tunable photonics, micro-robotics, lab-on-chip technology and others.

Free-form Light Actuators &amp;#8212; Fabrication and Control of Actuation in Microscopic Scale

Here, we fabricate 3D polymeric micro/nano structures in which both the shape and the molecular alignment can be engineered with nanometer scale accuracy by the use of direct laser writing. Light induced deformation of several types of liquid crystalline elastomer microstructures can be controlled in the microscopic scale.

自由形式のライトアクチュエータ - 顕微鏡スケールでの作製と作動の制御

Liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) are smart materials capable of reversible shape-change in response to external stimuli, and have attracted ...

Fabrication of 3D Carbon Microelectromechanical Systems (C-MEMS)

A wide range of carbon sources are available in nature, with a variety of micro-/nanostructure configurations. Here, a novel technique to fabricate long and hollow glassy carbon microfibers derived from human hairs is introduced. The long and hollow carbon structures were made by the pyrolysis of human hair at 900 &#176;C in a N2 atmosphere. The morphology and chemical composition of natural and pyrolyzed human hairs were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), respectively, to estimate the physical and chemical changes due to pyrolysis. Raman spectroscopy was used to confirm the glassy nature of the carbon microstructures. Pyrolyzed hair carbon was introduced to modify screen-printed carbon electrodes ; the modified electrodes were then applied to the electrochemical sensing of dopamine and ascorbic acid. Sensing performance of the modified sensors was improved as compared to the unmodified sensors. To obtain the desired carbon structure design, carbon micro-/nanoelectromechanical system (C-MEMS/C-NEMS) technology was developed. The most common C-MEMS/C-NEMS fabrication process consists of two steps: (i) the patterning of a carbon-rich base material, such as a photosensitive polymer, using photolithography; and (ii) carbonization through the pyrolysis of the patterned polymer in an oxygen-free environment. The C-MEMS/NEMS process has been widely used to develop microelectronic devices for various applications, including in micro-batteries, supercapacitors, glucose sensors, gas sensors, fuel cells, and triboelectric nanogenerators. Here, recent developments of a high-aspect ratio solid and hollow carbon microstructures with SU8 photoresists are discussed. The structural shrinkage during pyrolysis was investigated using confocal microscopy and SEM. Raman spectroscopy was used to confirm the crystallinity of the structure, and the atomic percentage of the elements present in the material before and after pyrolysis was measured using EDX.

Fabrication of 3D Carbon Microelectromechanical Systems C-MEMS

Long and hollow glassy carbon microfibers were fabricated based on the pyrolysis of a natural product, human hair. The two fabrication steps of carbon microelectromechanical and carbon nanoelectromechanical systems, or C-MEMS and C-NEMS, are: (i) photolithography of a carbon-rich polymer precursor and (ii) pyrolysis of the patterned polymer precursor.

3Dカーボンマイクロエレクトロメカニカルシステム（C-MEMS）の製作

A wide range of carbon sources are available in nature, with a variety of micro-/nanostructure configurations. Here, a novel technique to fabricate long ...

Design and Characterization Methodology for Efficient Wide Range Tunable MEMS Filters

Here, we demonstrate the advantages of the laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) over conventional techniques (the network analyzer), as well as the techniques to create an application-based microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) filter and how to use it efficiently (i.e., tuning the tuning-capability and avoiding both failure and stiction). LDV enables crucial measurements that are impossible with the network analyzer, such as higher mode detection (highly sensitive biosensor application) and resonance measurement for very small devices (fast prototyping). Accordingly, LDV was used to characterize the frequency tuning range and resonance frequency at different modes of the MEMS filters built for this study. This wide range frequency tuning mechanism is based simply on Joule heating from the embedded heaters and relatively high thermal stress with respect to the temperature of a fixed-fixed beam. However, we demonstrate that another limitation of this method is the resulting high thermal stress, which can burn the devices. Further improvement was achieved and shown for the first time in this study, such that the tuning capability was increased by 32% through an increase in the applied DC bias voltage (25 V to 35 V) between the two adjacent beams. This important finding eliminates the need for the extra Joule heating at the wider frequency tuning range. Another possible failure is through stiction and requirement of structure optimization: We propose a simple and easy technique of low frequency square wave signal application that can successfully separate the beams and eliminates the need for the more sophisticated and complicated methods given in the literature. The above findings necessitate a design methodology, and so we also provide an application-based design.

A protocol for a fixed-fixed beam design using a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV), including the measurement of frequency tuning, modification of tuning capability, and avoidance of device failure and stiction, is presented. The superiority of the LDV method over the network analyzer is demonstrated due to its higher mode capability.

デザインと効率的な広帯域波長可変 MEMS フィルター特性評価手法

Here, we demonstrate the advantages of the laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) over conventional techniques (the network analyzer), as well as the techniques ...

Fabrication of Soft Pneumatic Network Actuators with Oblique Chambers

Soft pneumatic network actuators have become one of the most promising actuation devices in soft robotics which benefits from their large bending deformation and low input. However, their monotonous bending motion form in two-dimensional (2-D) space keeps them away from wide applications. This paper presents a detailed fabrication method of soft pneumatic network actuators with oblique chambers, to explore their motions in three-dimensional (3-D) space. The design of oblique chambers enables actuators with tunable coupled bending and twisting capabilities, which gives them the possibility to move dexterously in flexible manipulators, to become biologically inspired robots and medical devices. The fabrication process is based on the molding method, including the silicone elastomer preparation, chamber and base parts fabrication, actuator assembly, tubing connections, checks for leaks, and actuator repair. The fabrication method guarantees the rapid manufacturing of a series of actuators with only a few modifications in the molds. The test results show the high quality of the actuators and their prominent bending and twisting capabilities. Experiments of the gripper demonstrate the advantages of the development in adapting to objects with different diameters and providing sufficient friction.

Here we present a fabrication method of soft pneumatic network actuators with oblique chambers. The actuators are capable of generating coupled bending and twisting motions, which broadens their application in soft robotics.

斜めの部屋に柔らかい空気ネットワーク アクチュエータの作製

Soft pneumatic network actuators have become one of the most promising actuation devices in soft robotics which benefits from their large bending ...

Optimized Sealing Process and Real-Time Monitoring of Glass-to-Metal Seal Structures

Residual stress is an essential factor to keeping the hermeticity and robustness of a glass-to-metal seal structure. The purpose of this report is to demonstrate a novel protocol to characterize and measure residual stress in a glass-to-metal seal structure without destroying the insulation and hermeticity of sealing materials. In this research, a femto-laser inscribed fiber Bragg grating sensor is used. The glass-to-metal seal structure that is measured consists of a metal shell, sealing glass, and Kovar conductor. To make the measurements worthwhile, the specific heat treatment of metal-to-glass seal (MTGS) structure is explored to obtain the model with best hermeticity. Then, the FBG sensor is embedded into the path of sealing glass and becomes well-fused with the glass as the temperature cools to RT. The Bragg wavelength of FBG shifts with the residual stress generated in sealing the glass. To calculate the residual stress, the relationship between Bragg wavelength shift and strain is applied, and the finite element method is also used to make the results reliable. The online monitoring experiments of residual stress in sealing glass are carried out at different loads, such as high temperature and high pressure, to broaden functions of this protocol in harsh environments.

Key procedures to optimize the sealing process and achieve real-time monitoring of the metal-to-glass seal (MTGS) structure are described in detail. The embedded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor is designed to achieve online monitoring of temperature and high-level residual stress in the MTGS with simultaneous environmental pressure monitoring.

ガラスから金属へのシール構造の最適化されたシールプロセスとリアルタイムモニタリング

Residual stress is an essential factor to keeping the hermeticity and robustness of a glass-to-metal seal structure. The purpose of this report is to ...

Rapid Manufacturing of Thin Soft Pneumatic Actuators and Robots

This protocol describes a method for rapid manufacturing of soft pneumatic actuators and robots with an ultrathin form factor using a heat press and a laser cutter machine. The method starts with the lamination of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) sheets using a heat press for 10 min at the temperature of ~93 &#176;C. Next, the parameters of the laser cutter machine are optimized to produce a rectangular balloon with maximum burst pressure. Using the optimized parameters, the soft actuators are laser cut/welded three times sequentially. Next, a dispensing needle is attached to the actuator, allowing it to be inflated. The effect of geometrical parameters on the deflection of the actuator are studied systematically by varying the channel width and length. Finally, the performance of the actuator is characterized using an optical camera and a fluid dispenser. Conventional fabrication methods of soft pneumatic actuators based on silicone molding are time consuming (several hours). They also result in strong but bulky actuators, which limits the actuator&#8217;s applications. Moreover, microfabrication of thin pneumatic actuators is both time-consuming and expensive. The proposed manufacturing method in the current work resolves these issues by introducing a fast, simple, and cost-effective fabrication method of ultrathin pneumatic actuators.

This protocol describes a method for rapid manufacturing of soft pneumatic actuators and robots with a thin form factor. The fabrication method starts with lamination of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) sheets followed by laser cutting/welding of a two-dimensional pattern to form actuators and robots.

薄型軟空アクチュエータ・ロボットの迅速な製造

This protocol describes a method for rapid manufacturing of soft pneumatic actuators and robots with an ultrathin form factor using a heat press and a ...

In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy with Biasing and Fabrication of Asymmetric Crossbars Based on Mixed-Phased a-VOx

Resistive switching crossbar architecture is highly desired in the field of digital memories due to low cost and high-density benefits. Different materials show variability in resistive switching properties due to the intrinsic nature of the material used, leading to discrepancies in the field because of underlying operation mechanisms. This highlights a need for a reliable technique to understand mechanisms using nanostructural observations. This protocol explains a detailed process and methodology of in&#160;situ nanostructural analysis as a result of electrical biasing using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It provides visual and reliable evidence of underlying nanostructural changes in real time memory operations. Also included is the methodology of fabrication and electrical characterizations for asymmetric crossbar structures incorporating amorphous vanadium oxide. The protocol explained here for vanadium oxide films can be easily extended to any other materials in a metal-dielectric-metal sandwiched structure. Resistive switching crossbars are predicted to serve the programmable logic and neuromorphic circuits for next-generation memory devices, given the understanding of the operation mechanisms. This protocol reveals the switching mechanism in a reliable, timely, and cost-effective way in any type of resistive switching materials, and thereby predicts the device&#39;s applicability.

In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy with Biasing and Fabrication of Asymmetric Crossbars Based on Mixed-Phased a-VOx

Presented here is a protocol for analyzing nanostructural changes during in&#160;situ biasing with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for a stacked metal-insulator-metal structure. It has significant applications in resistive switching crossbars for the next generation of programmable logic circuits and neuromimicking hardware, to reveal their underlying operation mechanisms and practical applicability.

混相a-VOxに基づく非対称クロスバーのバイアスと作製を用いたSitu透過電子顕微鏡

Resistive switching crossbar architecture is highly desired in the field of digital memories due to low cost and high-density benefits. Different ...

Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators

Ionic electromechanically active capacitive laminates are a type of smart material that move in response to electrical stimulation. Due to the soft, compliant and biomimetic nature of this deformation, actuators made of the laminate have received increasing interest in soft robotics and (bio)medical applications. However, methods to easily fabricate the active material in large (even industrial) quantities and with a high batch-to-batch and within-batch repeatability are needed to transfer the knowledge from laboratory to industry. This protocol describes a simple, industrially scalable and reproducible method for the fabrication of ionic carbon-based electromechanically active capacitive laminates and the preparation of actuators made thereof. The inclusion of a passive and chemically inert (insoluble) middle layer (e.g., a textile-reinforced polymer network or microporous Teflon) distinguishes the method from others. The protocol is divided into five steps: membrane preparation, electrode preparation, current collector attachment, cutting and shaping, and actuation. Following the protocol results in an active material that can, for example, compliantly grasp and hold a randomly shaped object as demonstrated in the article.

This article describes a fast and simple manufacturing process of ionic electromechanically active composite materials for actuators in biomedical, biomimetic and soft robotics applications. The key fabrication steps, their importance for the actuators&#39; final properties, and some of the main characterization techniques are described in detail.

炭素系イオン電気機械式活性式式式式式式式アクチュエータの製造

Ionic electromechanically active capacitive laminates are a type of smart material that move in response to electrical stimulation. Due to the soft, ...