サマンサKhouryさんとパメラAjuyahはオーストラリアの大学院賞でサポートされています。また、サマンサKhouryさんの彼らの追加サポートのためにトランスレーショナルがん研究ネットワーク、ホリボシルトランスフェラーゼがん研究センター、ニューサウスウェールズ大学と北トランスレーショナルがん研究ユニットを認識したいと思います。

注意：健康な患者や癌患者からのヒト血清サンプルを、ロイヤルプリンスアルフレッド病院シドニー（プロトコル番号X10-0016およびHREC/10/RPAH/24）技術大学から認可された人間の倫理的なプロトコルの下でインフォームドコンセントが得られたシドニー。血清試料は、種々のシドニーの病院から手術前に患者から採取し、-80℃で貯蔵中に入れた血清から1。スモールRNAの単離総RNAを、トリ-LS試薬RTプロトコルの修正版を用いてヒト血清から調製した。 <ol><li>アイスで凍結した血清サンプルを解凍した後、ラベルされたマイクロ遠心チューブに新たに解凍血清400μlのを転送します。 </li><li> RNaseを含まないH 2 O100μlの血清を希釈し、1 mg / mlの濃度でプロテイナーゼKを追加します。 </li><li>プロテイナーゼKでタンパク質消化を可能にするために20分間37℃でインキュベート</li><li> TO、完全な可溶化を確実にトライ試薬RT LSの1.5倍のボリュームを追加し、4 - ブロモアニソールを100μl。 </li><li>簡単に説明すると、ホモジネートを反転5秒間繰り返しピペッティングを行い、ラベル2ミリリットルヘビーフェーズロックチューブに移す。 </li><li> 4℃で20分間12,000×gでホモジネートを紡ぐ</li><li>慎重に新鮮なDNA Lobindチューブに得られた水溶液を少なくとも1ミリリットルをデカントします。有機および間期は、フェーズロックチューブの白色ゲルの下に閉じ込められなければならない。 </li><li> 、水溶液にグリコーゲンの5.0μL（5 mg / ml）を100％イソプロパノール500μl加え転倒混和し、-20℃でO / Nインキュベート</li><li> O / Nインキュベートした後、4℃の遠心機で12,000×gで20分間遠心分離器のサンプルを。 </li><li>透明な上澄みを捨て、4℃の遠心機で16,000×gで2分間の「フラッシュ」スピンを行う。 </li><li>慎重に透明なゾルを削除ピペットを用いてペレットを取り囲むution。 </li><li> 10分間、10,000×gで、70％エタノール及び遠心1mlでペレットを洗浄。洗浄溶液をデカントし、洗浄ステップを繰り返します。 </li></ol>溶液中に2。RNAの再懸濁<ol><li>ペレットが完全に溶解するの確保、RNaseを含まないH 2 O10μlにペレットを再懸濁します。 RNAが完全に可溶化されていることを確認するために、サンプルを5分間55℃に加熱することができる。この時間の間、繰り返してピペッティングで試料を混ぜる。高い全RNAの収量については、同一患者からの2 RNA調製プール。 </li><li> UV-可視分光光度計を用いて再懸濁RNAを定量し、2100バイオアナライザを用いてRNAの品質を評価する。ダウンストリームのアプリケーションで使用するために-80℃でプールされたRNAサンプルを格納します。 </li></ol>

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開示することは何もありません。

マイクロRNAの集団は、血清中に見出される総RNAの約0.4から0.5パーセントを構成する。さらに、ヒト血清中に見出される高タンパク質含量もある。 RNAを改善し、タンパク質とフェノールの両方を低減するために、我々はいくつかのステップを追加して、伝統的なアプローチをChomczynski 9を変更した汚染する。 全RNAを、標準的なトライ試薬RT-LS（モレキュラー·リサー...

近年、ヒト疾患の早期発見のための新規なバイオマーカーを発見するためのプッシュ成長があった。注目は、潜在的なマーカーのようなマイクロRNA 2（miRNAまたはのmiR）などの小さなRNAを使用して注目されている。これらの小さなRNAは、血清や研究などの体液で発見され、彼らが劣化し弾力性であり、様々な環境条件3の範囲に渡って安定しているが示されている。これらの機能は、血清中のmiRNAもしくは循環所与の理想的なバイオマーカー4,5である。現在、生物学的液体から小さなRNAの単離には主に2つのアプローチがあります。第二のアプローチは、フェノールとグアニジンチオシアネート試薬7との長年のプロトコルを使用しながら、最初のアプローチは、小さなRNA 6と結合し 、溶出するために、列ベースの技術を使用しています。我々は、ヒト血清からの低分子RNAを単離するための、シンプルで効果的な、列のないプロトコルを開発した。単離されたRNAは、直ちにですDNAオリゴヌクレオチド配列とRNAの塩基配列決定を含む下流の用途でately使用可能。 血清からRNAを単離するために、フェノールベースの​​方法を使用するときに我々はいくつかの問題に直面していたため、このプロトコルが開発されました。伝統をChomczynskiアプローチは頻繁にほとんどの商用ベンダーから入手可能な試薬の範囲で最も研究室で使用されています。しかしながら、それらの普及を考慮し、ストリンジェントなガイドラインは、一貫して、特定の血液または血清中に、体液からの高品質のRNAを産生するために開発されていない。 血清からRNAを単離に関連する一般的な問題は、低RNAの収量と分離、特にフェノールの際に使用する試薬の混入が含まれています。我々のアプローチは、例えば、定量的PCR（qPCR）およびRNA配列決定などの下流の分析のための高品質のRNAを提供するために、これらのフェノールの汚染物質を除去する。我々はさらに、miRNAアレイ上で、このRNAをテストしている。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:852px;" width="851">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:259px;">Name of the Material/Equipment&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Company&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Catalog Number&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:248px;">Comments/ Description (optional)&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:259px;">Tri-Reagent RT LS</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Molecular Research Centre, USA</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">TR 118</td>
			<td style="width:248px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:259px;">RNase free H20</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">GIBCO Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">10977-023</td>
			<td style="width:248px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:259px;">Proteinase K&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Finnzymes, Finland</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">EO0491</td>
			<td style="width:248px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:259px;">Heavy Phaselock Tube</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">5PRIME</td>
			<td>2302830</td>
			<td style="width:248px;">2ml capacity</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:259px;">DNA Lobind tube</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">0030 108.078</td>
			<td style="width:248px;">1.5ml capacity</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:259px;">Glycogen&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Invitrogen, USA</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">10814-010</td>
			<td style="width:248px;">5mg/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:259px;">RNA grade Isopropanol&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Sigma Aldrich, USA</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">I9516</td>
			<td style="width:248px;">100%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:259px;">Refrigerated Centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">John Morris</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:248px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:259px;">Nanodrop UV-Vis spectrophotometer</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:248px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:259px;">RNA grade Ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Sigma Aldrich, USA</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">E7023</td>
			<td style="width:248px;">70%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:259px;">Agilent 2100 Bioanalyser</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Agilent, USA</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:248px;">-</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation of small noncoding rnas from human serum

RNAおよびその発現の分析は多くの研究室では一般的な機能です。重要なのは、哺乳動物細胞で発見されたマイクロRNAのような低分子RNAの登場です。これらの小さなRNAは、強力な遺伝子調節因子は、成長、開発、死などの重要な経路を制御し、大きな関心される体液中のそれらの発現に向けられてきた。これは、がんや血清バイオマーカーとしての可能性アプリケーションとしてのヒトの疾患での調節不全が原因です。しかしながら、血清中のmiRNA発現の分析は問題となり得る。ほとんどの場合、血清の量が制限され、血清は、小さなRNAが唯一の0.4から0.5パーセント1を構成する総RNAを少量含まれています。このように血清から品質のRNAの十分な量の単離は、今日の研究者にとって大きな課題となっています。この技術的な研究では、DNAアレイまたはqPCR分析のどちらかのために十分なRNAを得るために、ヒト血清のわずか400μLを使用する方法を示しています。 Aこの方法のdvantagesは、その単純さと高品質のRNAを得る能力である。それは、小さなRNAの精製のための特殊な列を必要とせず、一般的な研究室で見つかった一般的な試薬およびハードウェアを利用しています。我々の方法は、同時に、高品質のRNAを得ながら、フェノールの混入を排除するために、フェーズロックゲルを利用する。また、さらに、分離工程の間に、すべての汚染物質を除去するために追加のステップをご紹介します。このプロトコルは、血清から最大100 ngの/μlの総RNAの収量を単離するのに非常に有効であるだけでなく、他の生体組織に適合させることができる。

図1は、血清から単離されたRNAの典型的なUV /可視スペクトルを示している。このプロファイルから、我々はそれぞれ、両方の270 nmおよび230 nmにおけるフェノール及び有機汚染物質との280 nmでタンパク質の混入を指摘した。残留グアニジンチオシアネートも260 nmで注目された。汚染物質を減らすために、最適化の一連の工程は、標準的なトライ試薬RT-LSプロシージャに作製した。我...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Small Noncoding RNAs from Human Serum at JoVE.com

Isolation of Small Noncoding RNAs from Human Serum

このプロトコルは、ヒト血清から低分子RNAを抽出するための方法が記載されている。私たちは、DNAアレイで使用するために、がん血清からマイクロRNAを分離してもシングルプレックス定量PCRするために、このメソッドを使用している。プロトコルは、高品質のRNAを得るために変更を加えてフェノール及びグアニジニウムチオシアネート試薬を利用する。

ヒト血清から小非コードRNAの分離

The analysis of RNA and its expression is a common feature in many laboratories. Of significance is the emergence of small RNAs like microRNAs, which are ...

isolation-of-small-noncoding-rnas-from-human-serum

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

18.0K ビュー.  University of Technology, Sydney. このプロトコルは、ヒト血清から低分子RNAを抽出するための方法が記載されている。私たちは、DNAアレイで使用するために、がん血清からマイクロRNAを分離してもシングルプレックス定量PCRするために、このメソッドを使用している。プロトコルは、高品質のRNAを得るために変更を加えてフェノール及びグアニジニウムチオシアネート試薬を利用する。 

ビデオ: Isolation of Small Noncoding RNAs from Human Serum

Neuronal Nuclei Isolation from Human Postmortem Brain Tissue

Neurons in the human brain become postmitotic largely during prenatal development, and thus maintain their nuclei throughout the full lifespan. However, little is known about changes in neuronal chromatin and nuclear organization during the course of development and aging, or in chronic neuropsychiatric disease. However, to date most chromatin and DNA based assays (other than FISH) lack single cell resolution. To this end, the considerable cellular heterogeneity of brain tissue poses a significant limitation, because typically various subpopulations of neurons are intermingled with different types of glia and other non-neuronal cells. One possible solution would be to grow cell-type specific cultures, but most CNS cells, including neurons, are ex vivo sustainable, at best, for only a few weeks and thus would provide an incomplete model for epigenetic mechanisms potentially operating across the full lifespan.  Here, we provide a protocol to extract and purify nuclei from frozen (never fixed) human postmortem brain. The method involves extraction of nuclei in hypotonic lysis buffer, followed by ultracentrifugation and immunotagging with anti-NeuN antibody. Labeled neuronal nuclei are then collected separately using fluorescence-activated sorting. This method should be applicable to any brain region in a wide range of species and suitable for chromatin immunoprecipitation studies with site- and modification-specific anti-histone antibodies, and for DNA methylation and other assays. 

The cellular heterogeneity of brain tissue poses a significant limitation for the study of epigenetic markings in chromatin because most assays lack single cell resolution. Neurons typically are intermingled with glia and other non-neuronal cells. We provide a protocol to extract and collect neuronal nuclei from human brain.

人間の死後の脳組織から神経細胞核の単離

Neurons in the human brain become postmitotic largely during prenatal development, and thus maintain their nuclei throughout the full lifespan. However, ...

生物学

Isolation of Stem Cells from Human Pancreatic Cancer Xenografts

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in a growing number of malignancies and are functionally defined by their ability to undergo self-renewal and produce differentiated progeny1. These properties allow CSCs to recapitulate the original tumor when injected into immunocompromised mice. CSCs within an epithelial malignancy were first described in breast cancer and found to display specific cell surface antigen expression (CD44+CD24low/-)2. Since then, CSCs have been identified in an increasing number of other human malignancies using CD44 and CD24 as well as a number of other surface antigens. Physiologic properties, including aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, have also been used to isolate CSCs from malignant tissues3-5.
Recently, we and others identified CSCs from pancreatic adenocarcinoma based on
ALDH activity and the expression of the cell surface antigens CD44 and CD24, and CD1336-8. These highly tumorigenic populations may or may not be overlapping and display other functions. We found that ALDH+ and CD44+CD24+ pancreatic CSCs are similarly tumorigenic, but ALDH+ cells are relatively more invasive8. In this protocol we describe a method to isolate viable pancreatic CSCs from low-passage human
xenografts9. Xenografted tumors are harvested from mice and made into a single-cell suspension. Tissue debris and dead cells are separated from live cells and then stained using antibodies against CD44 and CD24 and using the ALDEFLUOR reagent,
a fluorescent substrate of ALDH10. CSCs are then isolated by fluorescence activated cell sorting. Isolated CSCs can then be used for analytical or functional assays requiring viable cells.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in a number of malignancies. In this protocol we describe a flow cytometric method utilizing aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and CD44 and CD24 expression to isolate CSCs from human pancreatic adenocarcinoma xenografts. These viable cells can then be used in functional and analytical studies.

ヒト膵臓癌異種移植片由来の幹細胞の分離

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in a growing number of malignancies and are functionally defined by their ability to undergo self-renewal ...

Isolation and Culture of Adult Epithelial Stem Cells from Human Skin

The homeostasis of all self-renewing tissues is dependent on adult stem cells. As undifferentiated stem cells undergo asymmetric divisions, they generate daughter cells that retain the stem cell phenotype and transit-amplifying cells (TA cells) that migrate from the stem cell niche, undergo rapid proliferation and terminally differentiate to repopulate the tissue.
Epithelial stem cells have been identified in the epidermis, hair follicle, and intestine as cells with a high in vitro proliferative potential and as slow-cycling label-retaining cells in vivo 1-3. Adult, tissue-specific stem cells are responsible for the regeneration of the tissues in which they reside during normal physiologic turnover as well as during times of stress 4-5. Moreover, stem cells are generally considered to be multi-potent, possessing the capacity to give rise to multiple cell types within the tissue 6. For example, rodent hair follicle stem cells can generate epidermis, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles 7-9. We have shown that stem cells from the human hair follicle bulge region exhibit multi-potentiality 10.
Stem cells have become a valuable tool in biomedical research, due to their utility as an in vitro system for studying developmental biology, differentiation, tumorigenesis and for their possible therapeutic utility. It is likely that adult epithelial stem cells will be useful in the treatment of diseases such as ectodermal dysplasias, monilethrix, Netherton syndrome, Menkes disease, hereditary epidermolysis bullosa and alopecias 11-13. Additionally, other skin problems such as burn wounds, chronic wounds and ulcers will benefit from stem cell related therapies 14,15. Given the potential for reprogramming of adult cells into a pluripotent state (iPS cells)16,17, the readily accessible and expandable adult stem cells in human skin may provide a valuable source of cells for induction and downstream therapy for a wide range of disease including diabetes and Parkinson's disease.

A rapid, robust way of isolating viable adult epithelial stem cells from human skin is described. The method utilizes enzymatic digestion of skin collagen matrix , followed by plucking of hair follicles and isolation of single cell suspensions or tissue fragments for cell culture.

ヒト皮膚から大人上皮幹細胞の単離と培養

The homeostasis of all self-renewing tissues is dependent on adult stem cells. As undifferentiated stem cells undergo asymmetric divisions, they generate ...

Efficient Derivation of Human Cardiac Precursors and Cardiomyocytes from Pluripotent Human Embryonic Stem Cells with Small Molecule Induction

To date, the lack of a suitable human cardiac cell source has been the major setback in regenerating the human myocardium, either by cell-based transplantation or by cardiac tissue engineering1-3. Cardiomyocytes become terminally-differentiated soon after birth and lose their ability to proliferate. There is no evidence that stem/progenitor cells derived from other sources, such as the bone marrow or the cord blood, are able to give rise to the contractile heart muscle cells following transplantation into the heart1-3. The need to regenerate or repair the damaged heart muscle has not been met by adult stem cell therapy, either endogenous or via cell delivery1-3. The genetically stable human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have unlimited expansion ability and unrestricted plasticity, proffering a pluripotent reservoir for in vitro derivation of large supplies of human somatic cells that are restricted to the lineage in need of repair and regeneration4,5. Due to the prevalence of cardiovascular disease worldwide and acute shortage of donor organs, there is intense interest in developing hESC-based therapies as an alternative approach. However, how to channel the wide differentiation potential of pluripotent hESCs efficiently and predictably to a desired phenotype has been a major challenge for both developmental study and clinical translation. Conventional approaches rely on multi-lineage inclination of pluripotent cells through spontaneous germ layer differentiation, resulting in inefficient and uncontrollable lineage-commitment that is often followed by phenotypic heterogeneity and instability, hence, a high risk of tumorigenicity6-8 (see a schematic in Fig. 1A). In addition, undefined foreign/animal biological supplements and/or feeders that have typically been used for the isolation, expansion, and differentiation of hESCs may make direct use of such cell-specialized grafts in patients problematic9-11. To overcome these obstacles, we have resolved the elements of a defined culture system necessary and sufficient for sustaining the epiblast pluripotence of hESCs, serving as a platform for de novo derivation of clinically-suitable hESCs and effectively directing such hESCs uniformly towards clinically-relevant lineages by small molecules12 (see a schematic in Fig. 1B). After screening a variety of small molecules and growth factors, we found that such defined conditions rendered nicotinamide (NAM) sufficient to induce the specification of cardiomesoderm direct from pluripotent hESCs that further progressed to cardioblasts that generated human beating cardiomyocytes with high efficiency (Fig. 2). We defined conditions for induction of cardioblasts direct from pluripotent hESCs without an intervening multi-lineage embryoid body stage, enabling well-controlled efficient derivation of a large supply of human cardiac cells across the spectrum of developmental stages for cell-based therapeutics.

We have established a protocol for induction of cardioblasts direct from pluripotent human embryonic stem cells maintained under defined conditions with small molecules, which enables derivation of a large supply of human cardiac progenitors and functional cardiomyocytes for cardiovascular repair.

小分子の誘導と多能性ヒト胚性幹細胞からヒト心筋前駆体と心筋細胞の効率的な導出

To date, the lack of a suitable human cardiac cell source has been the major setback in regenerating the human myocardium, either by cell-based ...

Manual Isolation of Adipose-derived Stem Cells from Human Lipoaspirates

In 2001, researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, described the isolation of a new population of adult stem cells from liposuctioned adipose tissue that they initially termed Processed Lipoaspirate Cells or PLA cells. Since then, these stem cells have been renamed as Adipose-derived Stem Cells or ASCs and have gone on to become one of the most popular adult stem cells populations in the fields of stem cell research and regenerative medicine. Thousands of articles now describe the use of ASCs in a variety of regenerative animal models, including bone regeneration, peripheral nerve repair and cardiovascular engineering. Recent articles have begun to describe the myriad of uses for ASCs in the clinic. The protocol shown in this article outlines the basic procedure for manually and enzymatically isolating ASCs from large amounts of lipoaspirates obtained from cosmetic procedures. This protocol can easily be scaled up or down to accommodate the volume of lipoaspirate and can be adapted to isolate ASCs from fat tissue obtained through abdominoplasties and other similar procedures.

In 2001, researchers at UCLA described the isolation of a population of adult stem cells, termed Adipose-derived Stem Cells or ASCs, from adipose tissue. This article outlines the isolation of ASCs from lipoaspirates using a manual, enzymatic digestion protocol using collagenase.

人間の脂肪吸引物からの脂肪由来幹細胞を手動で隔離

In 2001, researchers at the University of  California, Los Angeles, described the isolation of a new population of adult  stem cells from liposuctioned ...

Isolation of Primary Myofibroblasts from Mouse and Human Colon Tissue

The myofibroblast is a stromal cell of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that has been gaining considerable attention for its critical role in many GI functions. While several myofibroblast cell lines are commercially available to study these cells in vitro, research results from a cell line exposed to experimental cell culture conditions have inherent limitations due to the overly reductionist nature of the work. Use of primary myofibroblasts offers a great advantage in terms of confirming experimental findings identified in a cell line. Isolation of primary myofibroblasts from an animal model allows for the study of myofibroblasts under conditions that more closely mimic the disease state being studied. Isolation of primary myofibroblasts from human colon tissue provides arguably the most relevant experimental data, since the cells come directly from patients with the underlying disease. We describe a well-established technique that can be utilized to isolate primary myofibroblasts from both mouse and human colon tissue. These isolated cells have been characterized to be alpha-smooth muscle actin and vimentin-positive, and desmin-negative, consistent with subepithelial intestinal myofibroblasts. Primary myofibroblast cells can be grown in cell culture and used for experimental purposes over a limited number of passages.

The myofibroblast is an influential stromal cell of the gastrointestinal tract that regulates important physiologic processes in both normal and disease states. We describe a technique that allows for the isolation of primary myofibroblasts from both mouse and human colon tissue, which can be utilized for in vitro experimentation.

マウスおよびヒト結腸組織からの一次筋線維芽細胞の分離

The myofibroblast is  a stromal cell of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that has been gaining  considerable attention for its critical role in many GI ...

Isolation of Myofibroblasts from Mouse and Human Esophagus

Murine and human esophageal myofibroblasts are generated via enzymatic digestion. Neonate (8-12 day old) murine esophagus is harvested, minced, washed, and subjected to enzymatic digestion with collagenase and dispase for 25 min. Human esophageal resection specimens are stripped of muscularis propria and adventitia and the remaining mucosa is minced, and subjected to enzymatic digestion with collagenase and dispase for up to 6 hr. Cultured cells express &#945;-SMA and vimentin and express desmin weakly or not at all. Culture conditions are not conducive to growth of epithelial, hematopoietic, or endothelial cells. Culture purity is further confirmed by flow cytometric evaluation of cell surface marker expression of potential contaminating hematopoietic and endothelial cells. The described technique is straightforward and results in consistent generation of non-hematopoieitc, non-endothelial stromal cells. Limitations of this technique are inherent to the use of primary cultures in molecular biology studies, i.e., the unavoidable variability encountered among cultures established across different mice or humans. Primary cultures however are a more representative reflection of the in vivo state compared to cell lines. These methods also provide investigators the ability to isolate and culture stromal cells from different clinical and experimental conditions, allowing comparisons between groups. Characterized esophageal stromal cells can also be used in functional studies investigating epithelial-stromal interactions in esophageal disorders.

We present a protocol to generate primary cultures of murine and human esophageal stromal cells with a myofibroblast phenotype. Cultured cells have spindle shaped morphology, express &#945;-SMA and vimentin, and lack epithelial, hematopoietic and endothelial cell surface markers. Characterized stromal cells can be used in functional studies of epithelial-stromal interactions.

マウスおよびヒト食道から筋線維芽細胞の単離

Murine and human esophageal myofibroblasts are generated via enzymatic digestion. Neonate (8-12 day old) murine esophagus is harvested, minced, washed, ...

Isolation of Human Ventricular Cardiomyocytes from Vibratome-Cut Myocardial Slices

The isolation of ventricular cardiac myocytes from animal and human hearts is a fundamental method in cardiac research. Animal cardiomyocytes are commonly isolated by coronary perfusion with digestive enzymes. However, isolating human cardiomyocytes is challenging because human myocardial specimens usually do not allow for coronary perfusion, and alternative isolation protocols result in poor yields of viable cells. In addition, human myocardial specimens are rare and only regularly available at institutions with on-site cardiac surgery. This hampers the translation of findings from animal to human cardiomyocytes. Described here is a reliable protocol that enables efficient isolation of ventricular myocytes from human and animal myocardium. To increase the surface-to-volume ratio while minimizing cell damage, myocardial tissue slices 300 &#181;m thick are generated from myocardial specimens with a vibratome. Tissue slices are then digested with protease and collagenase. Rat myocardium was used to establish the protocol and quantify yields of viable, calcium-tolerant myocytes by flow-cytometric cell counting. Comparison with the commonly used tissue-chunk method showed significantly higher yields of rod-shaped cardiomyocytes (41.5 &#177; 11.9 vs. 7.89 &#177; 3.6%, p &#60; 0.05). The protocol was translated to failing and non-failing human myocardium, where yields were similar as in rat myocardium and, again, markedly higher than with the tissue-chunk method (45.0 &#177; 15.0 vs. 6.87 &#177; 5.23 cells/mg, p &#60; 0.05). Notably, with the protocol presented it is possible to isolate reasonable numbers of viable human cardiomyocytes (9&#8211;200 cells/mg) from minimal amounts of tissue (&#60;50 mg). Thus, the method is applicable to healthy and failing myocardium from both human and animal hearts. Furthermore, it is possible to isolate excitable and contractile myocytes from human tissue specimens stored for up to 36 h in cold cardioplegic solution, rendering the method particularly useful for laboratories at institutions without on-site cardiac surgery.

Presented is a protocol for the isolation of human and animal ventricular cardiomyocytes from vibratome-cut myocardial slices. High yields of calcium-tolerant cells (up to 200 cells/mg) can be obtained from small amounts of tissue (&#60;50 mg). The protocol is applicable to myocardium exposed to cold ischemia for up to 36 h.

ビブラートムカット心筋切れ切り切れからヒト心室心筋細胞を分離

The isolation of ventricular cardiac myocytes from animal and human hearts is a fundamental method in cardiac research. Animal cardiomyocytes are commonly ...

Isolation of Human Neutrophils from Whole Blood and Buffy Coats

Neutrophils (PMNs) are the most abundant leukocytes in human circulation, ranging from 40 to 70% of total blood leukocytes. They are the first cells recruited at the site of inflammation via rapid extravasation through vessels. There, neutrophils perform an array of functions to kill invading pathogens and mediate immune signaling. Freshly purified neutrophils from human blood are the model of choice for study, as no cell line fully replicates PMN functions and biology. However, neutrophils are short-lived, terminally differentiated cells and are highly susceptible to activation in response to physical (temperature, centrifugation speed) and biological (endotoxin, chemo- and cytokines) stimuli. Therefore, it is crucial to follow a standardized, reliable, and fast method to obtain pure and non-activated cells. This protocol presents an updated protocol combining density gradient centrifugation, red blood cell (RBC) sedimentation, and RBC lysis to obtain high PMN purity and minimize cell activation. Furthermore, methods to assess neutrophil isolation quality, viability, and purity are also discussed.

This protocol details a method for the isolation of neutrophils from whole blood, buffy coats, or leukapheresis membranes, achieving good yield, high purity, and minimal cell activation. We utilize gradient purification, red blood cell (RBC) sedimentation, and RBC lysis to obtain a high-quality/purity neutrophil preparation.

全血とバフィーコートからのヒト好中球の分離

Neutrophils (PMNs) are the most abundant leukocytes in human circulation, ranging from 40 to 70% of total blood leukocytes. They are the first cells ...

Isolation of Epithelial Cells from Human Dental Follicle

The dental follicle (DF) was harvested during the removal of an impacted third molar by an oral maxillofacial surgeon. Epithelial cell isolation was performed on the day of DF harvest. The DF was washed three times with DPBS and then dissected with tissue scissors until the tissue had a pulpy or squishy consistency. Single-cell populations were pelleted by centrifugation and washed with keratinocyte serum-free medium. Heterogeneous cell populations were distributed in a culture dish. Keratinocyte serum-free medium was used to select the epithelial cells. The culture medium was changed daily until no floating debris or dead cells were observed. Epithelial cells appeared within 7-10 days after cell population distribution. Epithelial cells survived in serum-free medium, while &#945;-modification minimal essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum allowed the proliferation of mesenchymal-type cells. The DF is a tissue source for the isolation of dental epithelial cells.
The purpose of this study was to establish a method for the isolation of epithelial cells from human DF. Periodontal ligament (PDL) was used for the isolation of human dental epithelial cells. Procuring epithelial cells from human PDL is not always successful due to the small tissue volume, leading to low numbers of epithelial cells. DF has a larger volume than PDL and contains more cells. DF can be a tissue source for the primary culture of human dental epithelial cells. This protocol is easier and more efficient than the isolation method using PDL. Procuring human dental epithelial cells may facilitate further studies of dental epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.

The dental follicle contains an epithelial population and mesenchymal cells. The epithelial population was selected from the heterogeneous dental follicle cell population by providing a distinct culture medium. Epithelial cells survived and formed colonies in a serum-free medium.

ヒト歯包からの上皮細胞の分離

The dental follicle (DF) was harvested during the removal of an impacted third molar by an oral maxillofacial surgeon. Epithelial cell isolation was ...