ハードウェア開発は、NASA SBIR契約のNNX09CA44CとNNX1​​0CA97Cによってサポートされていました。光学ブロックとサンプルローダーデモンストレーションのためのデータ分析は、米航空宇宙局（NASA）の第III相契約NNC11CA04Cによってサポートされていました。ヒトの血液採取は、NASA IRBプロトコール＃SA-10から008を用いて行った。ナショナルインスツルメンツの医療機器助成プログラムを通じて提供される制御/集録ソフトウェア。マイクロチップのための金型はジョンズ·ホプキンス大学の微細加工施設、ナノスケールシステムのためのハーバードセンターで行われた。夏は2010年、NASAの飛行映像スタッフの間にラックアセンブリに助けオットーJ. Brinerとルークジャッフェ（DNA医学研究所）は、飛行週の間にビデオ映像を提供した。カルロス·バリエントス（DNA医学研究所）が写真とフィギュアの援助を提供しました。テクノロジー2010プログラムの宇宙環境へのファシリテアクセスに感謝し、米航空宇宙局（NASA）の削減重力オフィス、人間の適応とその対策課、NASAグレンリサーチセンター、ZIN·テクノロジーズと人間の研究プログラム。

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ユージンY.チャン、キャンディスペ、とジュリアZのシャープは、DNA医学研究所、商業実体を通じて提出し、関連技術の特許について発明者である。

ここで説明する方法は、地上試験に匹敵する結果が得られ、2010 FAST放物線飛行中に主要な技術要素（サンプルローディング、マイクロ流体混合、および光学的検出）の有効デモンストレーションを可能にした。ここで説明するトレーニングとSOPの方法が特に有効であった、とツールを照らすために貢献し、他の「松葉杖」はパラボリックフライトオンボード利用できないでしょう練習のデモ?...

現在のスペースに対応した健康診断の不足はより深い有人宇宙探査への制限要因を提示します。診断は、総合的な減少重力で使いやすく、そして打ち上げや宇宙飛行（ 例えば 、高g力、振動、放射線、温度変化、およびキャビン圧力変化）の応力の影響を比較的受けておく必要があります。ポイントオブケア試験（POCT）の開発は、より小さな患者検体（ 例えば 、指穿刺）を使用することにより効果的な宇宙飛行溶液に変換する単純で小さな流体工学（ すなわち 、マイクロフルイディクス）、および他の間で、電力要件を低減してもよい利点。 フローサイトメトリー細胞計数およびバイオマーカー定量化だけでなく、大幅な小型化の可能性に向かって含むため、技術の広範な有用性のインスペースPOCの1魅力的なアプローチです。前スペース関連のフローサイトメーターは「核の梱包efficを含むiency無重力「5時のデータフローサイトメトリーのリアルタイムフローの最初の世代の「同時アーク灯誘起蛍光と電子ボリューム（コールターボリューム）測定1-4、代表サイトメーター比較的小さなベンチトップ·フローを利用して（NPE）楽器&#39;、 「サイトメーターsheathlessマイクロ&#39;は4位および5部分の白血球（WBC）差分カウントすることができるが、5μlの全血サンプル6-9を前処理し、そして使用して「光ファイバベースの「最近の国際にオンボードテストフローサイトメーター宇宙ステーション10。 潜在的な宇宙用診断技術の評価は、一般的に無重力の選択されたレベル（ 例えば 、無重力、火星重力）11をシミュレートするために、ほぼ放物線飛行軌道を使用し、減重力機内実行されます。フライトの機会が制限されているため、評価が困難である、REPET微小重力のitive短い窓が難しく、通常は20〜40秒よりも長い中断の期間を必要な方法論やプロセスを評価するために作ることができ、およびデモンストレーションを簡単に飛行12-15利用されていない追加の機器を必要とするかもしれない。さらに、 インビトロ診断（IVD）技術の使用、または、減少重力のために設計され、以前のデモは限られており、多くの仕事は未発表のまま。上記のフローサイトメーターに加えて、文献に記載された他の宇宙関連IVD-技術は、自動化された12サイトメータカメラベースの免疫表現型アプリケーション16のための全血染色装置を使用して、統合された電位差、電流測定、及び導電率測定のためのハンドヘルド臨床分析を含む12,17、診断プラットフォーム1 &#39;CDに収録されているラボ「拡散ベースの混合および分離18、および回転に依存している分析物定量のためのマイクロ流体「Tセンサーデバイス&#39;9,20。デバイス評価を可能にしようとする（あるいは何ができるかを考え出す）とき減少し、重力テストの新規参入者はまた、 インビトロ診断薬とは無関係の放物線飛行のデモンストレーションに見えるかもしれません。よく文書飛行準備、飛行中の戦略、飛行試験機器と他の以前の医学的または生物学的実験からのデモンストレーションを、 表1〜15、21-35に含まれています。これらは、飛行中のタスクの、特殊な装置を使用すること、および実験封じ込めマニュアルの包含に有益であり得る。 <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr height="17"><td height="17" style="height:17px;width:133px;"> カテゴリ </td><td style="width:497px;"> 例 </td></tr><tr height="40"><td height="40" style="height:40px;width:133px;">救急医療</td><td style="width:497px;">気管挿管（喉頭鏡ガイド下、上マニク21）で、心臓の生命維持（麻酔をかけた豚）22 </td></tr><tr height="20"><td height="20" style="height:20px;width:133px;">外科治療</td><td style="width:497px;">腹腔鏡下手術（ビデオは24,25麻酔したブタに、23をシミュレート） </td></tr><tr height="41"><td height="41" style="height:41px;width:133px;">メディカルイメージングまたは生理学アセスメント</td><td style="width:497px;">下半身負圧室26、ドップラー流量計（ヘッドマウント）27、中心静脈圧モニタ28と、超音波</td></tr><tr height="65"><td height="65" style="height:65px;width:133px;">専門的な生物学的な機器</td><td style="width:497px;">マイクロプレートリーダー（および飛行中のグローブボックス）29、細胞周期実験30、顕微鏡用温度制御システム（明視野、位相差、及びマルチチャネル蛍光できる）15、キャピラリー電気泳動装置は、ビデオ顕微鏡31に接続された</td></tr><tr height="20"><td height="20" style="height:20px;width:133px;">他の</td><td style="width:497px;">観察のための鉗子32を有する植物収穫、含まれているラット33,34と魚35 </td></tr></tbody></table> さて記載されている方法/実験表1.パラボリック飛行実証例 前の例を拡張し、成功した飛行中のデモへのより深い洞察を提​​供するために、我々は、放物線飛行試験リグの一部として、関連するマイクロ流体混合技術とフローサイトメータープロトタイプの建設と運​​営のためのモジュールおよび適応手順を提示している。リグは、サンプルローディング、マイクロ流体混合、蛍光粒子検出のデモンストレーションを可能にし、宇宙環境への2010 NASAのファシリテアクセス（FAST）放物線fligオンボードテストされました9月29日から10月1日に流すHTS、2010これらのデモは、それぞれ、指先サイズの血液サンプルを、光を介して、ロードされた希釈または試薬と混合され、そして分析される可能性のあるデバイスのワークフローの初め、中間、最後から引く検出。コンパクトなユニットにフローサイトメーターをスケーリング技術革新と慎重な部品選択が必要です。カスタムおよび既製のコンポーネントは、最終的な部品の選択の最良の初期の近似値として選択され、ここで使用され、他の革新の設計に適応することができる。プロトタイプの部品の選択の概要に続いて、セットアップがリグアセンブリのための骨格としての支持構造上に記載されている。プロトタイプのコンポーネントは、場所が割り当て固定され、成功した実験のために必要な追加の構成要素を伴う。注目はその後、標準的な操作手順（SOP）の開発、トレーニング、および他の物流を含むより抽象的な手続きに移行する。最後に、デモ固有の手順があります記載され。特定のプロトタイプのためにここで実装がここで説明する戦略とリグ成分（ 例えば 、顕微鏡、アクリルボックスなど ） をサポートする選択肢は、縮小重力環境内の任意の血液診断装置の試験に関連する一般的な問題や課題に話す。 2010便では、2月の重力（約1/6地球の重力を達成）、最終的に、これらは、3日を越え再スケジュールされたものの2つのマイクロ重力便、4日間全体で予定されていた。デモンストレーションは、修正された民営、ナローボディジェット旅客機36オンボードで行った。各フライトは、それぞれ、高重力減少重力条件の20~25秒続く（約1.8グラム）の約20秒を得30-40放物線を提供した。放物線の半分が実行された後、飛行機は振り向くとPEながら着陸地点に向かって引き返すように飛行機を可能にするために水平飛行で約5〜10分の時間のために一時停止放物線の残りをrforming。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1933">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:1143px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Micro air pump</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Smart Products, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">AP-2P02A</td>
			<td>Max pressure = 6.76 psi; 1.301&#8221; x 0.394&#8221; x 0.650&#8221; , 0.28 oz (8 g); available direct from Smart Products</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Differential pressure sensor</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Honeywell International, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">ASDX015D44R</td>
			<td>Range&#160; of&#160; 0-15psi; 0.974&#34; x 0.550&#34; x 0.440&#34;, 0.09 oz (2.565 g); suppliers include Digi-Key and Mouser Electronics</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Rigid plastic vial (small size)</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Loritz &#38; Associates, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">55-05</td>
			<td>Polystyrene; ID 0.81&#34; (20.6 mm), IH 2.06&#34; (52.4 mm); available direct from LA Container Inc.; similar product available from Dynalab Corp.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Rigid plastic vial (larger size)</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Loritz &#38; Associates, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">55-140</td>
			<td>Polystyrene; ID 1.88&#34; (47.6 mm), IH 3.31&#34; (84.1 mm); available direct from LA Container Inc.; similar product available from Dynalab Corp.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:368px;">latex examination gloves</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">dynarex corporation</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">2337</td>
			<td>Middle finger used for latex diaphragm in fluid source vial.&#160; Other brands (e.g., Aurelia &#174;&#160; Vibrant &#8482;) acceptable.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Optical glue</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Norland Products</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">NOA 88</td>
			<td>Low outgassing adhesive; available direct from Norland; Also available from Edmund Optics Inc.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">3-way solenoid valves</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">The LEE Company</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">LHDA0531115H</td>
			<td>Gas valves, but can function with liquid; 1.29 &#34; L, 0.28 &#34; D.&#160; Discontinued product.&#160; Similar products available from The LEE Company.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Volumetric water flowmeter</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">OMEGA Engineering inc.&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">FLR-1602A</td>
			<td>Non-contacting flow rate meter strongly preferred.&#160; We recommend SENSIRION LG16 OEM Liquid Flow Sensor for flow rates from nl/min up to 5 ml/min.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">PCD-mini photon detector&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Sensl</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">PCDMini-00100</td>
			<td style="width:1143px;">For fluorescence detection; available direct from Sensl</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Accelerometer</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Crossbow Technology, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">CXL02LF3</td>
			<td>3-demensional force detection.&#160; Supplied to DMI by NASA.&#160; Similar product available from Vernier Software &#38; Technology, LLC.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Stereomicroscope</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">AmScope</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">SE305R-AZ-E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">CCD Camera</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">DCU223C</td>
			<td>1024 x 768 Resolution, Color, USB 2.0; available direct from Thorlabs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">USB and Trigger Cable (In/Out) for CCD Camera</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">CAB-DCU-T1</td>
			<td>Available direct from Thorlabs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Microbore tubing</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Saint-Gobain Corporation</td>
			<td>AAD04103</td>
			<td>Tygon&#174;; ID 0.02&#34;, OD 0.06&#34;, 500ft, 0.02&#34; wall. Suppliers: VWR, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Hollow steel pins</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">New England Small Tube</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">(Custom)</td>
			<td>&#160;0.025&#34; OD, 0.017&#34; ID, 0.500&#8221; L, stainless steel tube, type 304, cut, deburred, passivated; enable microbore tubing connections, chip tubing connections</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Slide clamp</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">World Precision Instruments, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">14042</td>
			<td>Available direct from World Precision Instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Leur adaptor pieces</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">World Precision Instruments, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">14011</td>
			<td>Available direct from World Precision Instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Silicon wafer</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Addison Engineering, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:135px;"></td>
			<td>6&#34; diameter; for SU-8 mold fabrication</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:23px;width:368px;">Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer base</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Dow Corning</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">3097366-1004</td>
			<td>Supplier: Global Industrial SLP, LLC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="18">
			<td height="18" style="height:19px;width:368px;">Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer curing agent</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Dow Corning</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">3097358-1004</td>
			<td>Supplier: Global Industrial SLP, LLC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Needle (23 gauge), bevel tip</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Terumo Medical Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">NN-2338R</td>
			<td>Ultra thin wall; 23G x 1.5&#34;; 22G also usable; suppliers: Careforde, Inc.,&#160; Port City Medical</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Dispensing needle (23 gauge), blunt tip</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">CML Supply</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">901-23-100</td>
			<td>23Gx 1&#34;;&#160; available from CML Supply</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Rotary tool</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Robert Bosch Tool Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">1100-01</td>
			<td>Dremel&#174; 1100-01 Stylus&#8482;&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Cover glass</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">12-518-105E</td>
			<td>Gold Seal&#8482; noncorrosive borosilicate glass; for PDMS chip cover; 24x60 mm; available from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Vacuum pump</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Mountain</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">MTN8407</td>
			<td>For degassing PDMS; supplier:&#160; Ryder System, Inc.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Vacuum chamber</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">5311-0250</td>
			<td>Nalgene&#8482; Transparent Polycarbonate; available from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Plasma cleaner</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Harrick Plasma</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">PDC-32G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Hand magnifier</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Mitutoyo</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">183-131</td>
			<td>Use in reverse direction to enable viewing at ~15&#34;.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">CAROLINA</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">861283</td>
			<td>For chip cleaning. Dilute to 70% using millipore water.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Water purification system</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">D11901</td>
			<td>Available direct from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Optomechanical translation mounts</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">K6X</td>
			<td>6-Axis Kinematic Optic Mount; discontinued product; new product (K6XS) available direct from Thorlabs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Laptop</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Hewlett-Packard</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">VP209AV</td>
			<td>HP Pavilion Laptop running Windows 7</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Laptop tray (spring loaded)</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">National Products, INC.</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">RAM-234-3&#160;</td>
			<td>RAM Tough-Tray&#8482;. Can accommodate 10 to 16 inch wide laptops.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">USB splitter</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Connectland Technology Limited</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">3401167</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:18px;width:368px;">USB Data Acquisition Cards (8 analog input, 12 digital I/O)</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">National Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">NI USB-6008</td>
			<td>12-Bit, 10 kS/s Low-Cost Multifunction DAQ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:368px;">USB Data Acquisition Cards (16 analog input, 32 digital I/O)</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">National Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">NI USB-6216</td>
			<td>16-Bit, 400 kS/s Isolated M Series MIO DAQ, Bus-Powered</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Control/acquisition Software</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">National Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">LabVIEW 2009</td>
			<td>Custom coded National Instruments (NI) LabVIEW&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:22px;width:368px;">3D Solid Modeling Software</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Dassault Syst&#232;mes SolidWorks Corp.</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">SolidWorks 2011</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">2D Modeling Software</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">AUTODESK</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">AutoCAD LT 2008</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Vertical equipment rack</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">(NASA provided)</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Solid aluminum optical breadboard</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">MB2424</td>
			<td>24&#34; x 24&#34; x 1/2&#34;, 1/4&#34;-20 Taps; available direct from Thorlabs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Industrial grade steel and hardener</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">The J-B Weld Company</td>
			<td style="width:135px;"></td>
			<td>J-B Weld Steel Reinforced Epoxy Glue</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Micro-hematocrit capillary&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">22-362-574</td>
			<td>inner diamter 1.1 to 1.2 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">1 mL syringes</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Henke-Sass, Wolf</td>
			<td>4010.200V0</td>
			<td>NORM-JECT&#174;; supplier: Grainger, Inc.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="80">
			<td height="80" style="height:81px;width:368px;">Human red blood cells</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Innovative Research</td>
			<td>IPLA-WB3</td>
			<td style="width:1143px;">Tested and found negative by supplier for: HBsAg, HCV, HIV-1, HIV-2, HIV-1Ag or HIV 1-NAT, ALT, and syphilis by FDA-Approved Methods.&#160; Because no test methods can guarantee with 100% certainty the absence of an infectious agent, human derived products should be handled as suggested in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Manual on BIOSAFETY IN MICROBIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL LABORATORIES, FOR POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS HUMAN SERUM OR BLOOD SPECIMENS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Phosphate buffered saline concentrate</td>
			<td>P5493</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">SIGMA</td>
			<td>10x; diluted to 1x</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tween</td>
			<td>P9416</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">SIGMA</td>
			<td>TWEEN&#174; 20</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">LW Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">STRAIGHT8-5K</td>
			<td>Swing-Out 8-place Centrifuge.&#160; Available through authorized dealers.&#160; Other centrifuges available direct from LW Scientific.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">HD video recorder</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Sony</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">MHS-CM5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="52">
			<td height="52" style="height:53px;width:368px;">Orange fluorescent nucleic acid stain</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td>S-11364</td>
			<td style="width:1143px;">SYTO&#174; 83 Orange Fluorescent Nucleic Acid Stain.&#160; Stored in DMSO solvent. Always wear reccommended Personal Protective Equipment. No special handling 
			advice required.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Fluorescent counting beads</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td>MP 36950</td>
			<td>CountBright&#8482; Absolute Counting Beads.&#160; Always wear reccommended Personal Protective Equipment. No special handling advice required.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

reduced-gravity environment hardware demonstrations of a prototype miniaturized flow cytometer and companion microfluidic mixing technology

最近まで、宇宙飛行士の血液サンプルは、飛行中収集したスペースシャトルに地球に運ばれ、地上の実験室で分析した。人間は、低地球軌道を越えて移動する場合は、スペースで準備ができて、ポイント·オブ·ケア（POC）テストへの移行が必要である。このようなテストは、総合的な縮小重力環境で実行することが容易で、打ち上げや宇宙飛行のストレスによって影響を受けないことが必要である。無数のPOCデバイスは、実験室規模の対応を模倣するために開発されてきたが、ほとんどは狭い用途を有し、いくつかは、飛行中の、低減された重力環境で実証用途を有する。実際には、減少重力における生物医学診断のデモンストレーションは、コンポーネントの選択や新技術をテストしようとしているときにアプローチするのが難しい特定の物流の課題を作り、完全に制限されています。空虚さを埋める手助けするために、我々はプロトタイプの血液診断装置とそれに関連するPの構成及び動作のためのモジュラー方法を提示している放物線飛行、減重力航空機に搭載飛行テストのための基準を満たしていarabolic飛行試験リグ。方法は、最初に、飛行中の、低減された重力フローサイトメーターのテストとコンパニオンマイクロ流体混合チップ用リグアセンブリに焦点を当てています。コンポーネントは、他のデザインに適応され、そのような微量サンプルローダーとマイクロミキサーのようないくつかのカスタムコンポーネントは、特に重要であり得る。次いで、この方法は、ユーザートレーニング、標準業務手順書（SOP）の開発、およびその他の問題に関連して成功した飛行試験の準備のためのガイドラインや提案を提供することにより、飛行準備にフォーカスをシフトします。最後に、私たちのデモに特有のインフライト実験手順が記載されている。

実体顕微鏡に取り付けられたCCDカメラで見たマイクロミキサのデモンストレーションのための代表的な結果を図7に表示される。血液/食塩水および青/黄色染料：混合目視ならびに流体の二組を含む実験用の出口チャネルにおいて、螺旋に沿った任意の点で評価することができる。他の刊行物38-40に示すように、2次元画像の定量分析は、異なる領域に、チャネル幅にわたっ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Reduced-gravity Environment Hardware Demonstrations of a Prototype Miniaturized Flow Cytometer and Companion Microfluidic Mixing Technology at JoVE.com

Reduced-gravity Environment Hardware Demonstrations of a Prototype Miniaturized Flow Cytometer and Companion Microfluidic Mixing Technology

宇宙飛行血液診断は、技術革新を必要としています。いくつかのデモは、機内縮小重力の健康診断技術を説明する公開されている。ここでは、コンポーネントと他のセットアップに適応準備戦略とプロトタイプのポイント·オブ·ケアフローサイトメトリー設計のための放物線飛行試験リグの建設と運​​営のための方法を提示する。

プロトタイプ小型化フローサイトメーターおよびコンパニオンマイクロ流体混合技術の縮小重力環境ハードウェアデモンストレーション

Until recently, astronaut blood samples were collected in-flight, transported to earth on the Space Shuttle, and analyzed in terrestrial laboratories. If ...

reduced-gravity-environment-hardware-demonstrations-prototype

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

13.6K ビュー.  DNA Medicine Institute. 宇宙飛行血液診断は、技術革新を必要としています。いくつかのデモは、機内縮小重力の健康診断技術を説明する公開されている。ここでは、コンポーネントと他のセットアップに適応準備戦略とプロトタイプのポイント·オブ·ケアフローサイトメトリー設計のための放物線飛行試験リグの建設と運​​営のための方法を提示する。 

ビデオ: Reduced-gravity Environment Hardware Demonstrations of a Prototype Miniaturized Flow Cytometer and Companion Microfluidic Mixing Technology

A Microfluidic Device with Groove Patterns for Studying Cellular Behavior

We describe a microfluidic device with microgrooved patterns for studying cellular behavior. This microfluidic platform consists of a top fluidic channel and a bottom microgrooved substrate. To fabricate the microgrooved channels, a top poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) mold containing the impression of the microfluidic channels was aligned and bonded to a microgrooved substrate. Using this device, mouse fibroblast cells were immobilized and patterned within microgrooved substrates (25, 50, 75, and 100 &mu;m wide). To study apoptosis in a microfluidic device, media containing hydrogen peroxide, Annexin V, and propidium iodide was perfused into the fluidic channel for 2 hours. We found that cells exposed to the oxidative stress became apoptotic. These apoptotic cells were confirmed by Annexin V that bound to phosphatidylserine at the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane during the apoptosis process. Using this microfluidic device with microgrooved patterns, the apoptosis process was observed in real-time and analyzed by using an inverted microscope containing an incubation chamber (37&deg;C, 5% CO2). Therefore, this microfluidic device incorporated with microgrooved substrates could be useful for studying the cellular behavior and performing high-throughput drug screening.

We describe a protocol for the fabrication of microfluidic devices that can enable cell capture and culture. In this approach patterned microstructures such as grooves within microfluidic channels are used to create low shear stress regions within which cell can dock.

細胞挙動を研究するための溝パターンを用いたマイクロ流体デバイス

We describe a microfluidic device with microgrooved patterns for studying cellular behavior.  This microfluidic platform consists of a top fluidic channel ...

生物学

A Gradient-generating Microfluidic Device for Cell Biology

 The fabrication and operation of a gradient-generating microfluidic device for studying cellular behavior is described.  A microfluidic platform is an enabling experimental tool, because it can precisely manipulate fluid flows, enable high-throughput experiments, and generate stable soluble concentration gradients.  Compared to conventional gradient generators, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based  microfluidic devices can generate stable concentration gradients of growth factors with well-defined profiles.  Here, we developed simple gradient-generating microfluidic devices with three separate inlets.  Three microchannels combined into one microchannel to generate concentration gradients.  The stability and shape of growth factor gradients were confirmed by fluorescein isothyiocyanate (FITC)-dextran with a molecular weight similar to epidermal growth factor (EGF).  Using this microfluidic device, we demonstrated that fibroblasts exposed to concentration gradients of EGF migrated toward higher concentrations.  The directional orientation of cell migration and motility of migrating cells were quantitatively assessed by cell tracking analysis.  Thus, this gradient-generating microfluidic device might be useful for studying and analyzing the behavior of migrating cells.

We describe a protocol for the microfabrication of the gradient-generating microfluidic device that can generate spatial and temporal gradients in well-defined microenvironment. In this approach, the gradient-generating microfluidic device can be used to study directed cell migration, embryogenesis, wound healing, and cancer metastasis.

細胞生物学の勾配を生むマイクロ流体デバイス

 The fabrication and operation of a gradient-generating microfluidic device for studying cellular behavior is described.  A microfluidic platform is an ...

CD4+ T-Lymphocyte Capture Using a Disposable Microfluidic Chip for HIV

CD4 + Tリンパ球キャプチャHIVのための使い捨てマイクロ流体チップを用いた

A Multi-compartment CNS Neuron-glia Co-culture Microfluidic Platform

We present a novel multi-compartment neuron co-culture microsystem platform for in vitro CNS axon-glia interaction research, capable of conducting up to six independent experiments in parallel for higher-throughput. We developed a new fabrication method to create microfluidic devices having both micro and macro scale structures within the same device through a single soft-lithography process, enabling mass fabrication with good repeatability.
The multi-compartment microfluidic co-culture platform is composed of one soma compartment for neurons and six axon/glia compartments for oligodendrocytes (OLs). The soma compartment and axon/glia compartments are connected by arrays of axon-guiding microchannels that function as physical barriers to confine neuronal soma in the soma compartment, while allowing axons to grow into axon/glia compartments. OLs loaded into axon/glia compartments can interact only with axons but not with neuronal soma or dendrites, enabling localized axon-glia interaction studies. The microchannels also enabled fluidic isolation between compartments, allowing six independent experiments to be conducted on a single device for higher throughput.
Soft-lithography using poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is a commonly used technique in biomedical microdevices. Reservoirs on these devices are commonly defined by manual punching. Although simple, poor alignment and time consuming nature of the process makes this process not suitable when large numbers of reservoirs have to be repeatedly created. The newly developed method did not require manual punching of reservoirs, overcoming such limitations. First, seven reservoirs (depth: 3.5 mm) were made on a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) block using a micro-milling machine. Then, arrays of ridge microstructures, fabricated on a glass substrate, were hot-embossed against the PMMA block to define microchannels that connect the soma and axon/glia compartments. This process resulted in macro-scale reservoirs (3.5 mm) and micro-scale channels (2.5 &mu;m) to coincide within a single PMMA master. A PDMS replica that served as a mold master was obtained using soft-lithography and the final PDMS device was replicated from this master.
Primary neurons from E16-18 rats were loaded to the soma compartment and cultured for two weeks. After one week of cell culture, axons crossed microchannels and formed axonal only network layer inside axon/glia compartments. Axons grew uniformly throughout six axon/glia compartments and OLs from P1-2 rats were added to axon/glia compartments at 14 days in vitro for co-culture.

We developed a novel multi-compartment neuron co-culture microsystem platform for in vitro CNS axon-glia interaction research. The platform is capable of conducting up to six independent experiments in parallel and was fabricated using a newly developed macro/micro hybrid fabrication method.

マルチコンパートメントのCNSニューロングリア共培養マイクロ流体プラットフォーム

We present a novel multi-compartment neuron co-culture microsystem platform for in vitro CNS axon-glia interaction research, capable of conducting up to ...

The Microfluidic Probe: Operation and Use for Localized Surface Processing

Microfluidic devices allow assays to be performed using minute amounts of sample and have recently been used to control the microenvironment of cells. Microfluidics is commonly associated with closed microchannels which limit their use to samples that can be introduced, and cultured in the case of cells, within a confined volume. On the other hand, micropipetting system have been used to locally perfuse cells and surfaces, notably using push-pull setups where one pipette acts as source and the other one as sink, but the confinement of the flow is difficult in three dimensions. Furthermore, pipettes are fragile and difficult to position and hence are used in static configuration only. 
The microfluidic probe (MFP) circumvents the constraints imposed by the construction of closed microfluidic channels and instead of enclosing the sample into the microfluidic system, the microfluidic flow can be directly delivered onto the sample, and scanned across the sample, using the MFP. . The injection and aspiration openings are located within a few tens of micrometers of one another so that a microjet injected into the gap is confined by the hydrodynamic forces of the surrounding liquid and entirely aspirated back into the other opening. The microjet can be flushed across the substrate surface and provides a precise tool for localized deposition/delivery of reagents which can be used over large areas by scanning the probe across the surface. 
In this video we present the microfluidic probe1 (MFP). We explain in detail how to assemble the MFP, mount it atop an inverted microscope, and align it relative to the substrate surface, and finally show how to use it to process a substrate surface immersed in a buffer.

In this video we present the microfluidic probe1 (MFP). We explain in detail how to assemble the MFP, mount it atop an inverted microscope, and align it relative to the substrate surface, and finally show how to use it to process a substrate surface immersed in a buffer solution.

マイクロ流体プローブ：局在表面処理のための操作と使用方法

Microfluidic devices allow assays to be performed using minute amounts of sample and have recently been used to control the microenvironment of cells. ...

Platelet Adhesion and Aggregation Under Flow using Microfluidic Flow Cells

Platelet aggregation occurs in response to vascular injury where the extracellular matrix below the endothelium has been exposed. The platelet adhesion cascade takes place in the presence of shear flow, a factor not accounted for in conventional (static) well-plate assays. This article reports on a platelet-aggregation assay utilizing a microfluidic well-plate format to emulate physiological shear flow conditions. Extracellular proteins, collagen I or von Willebrand factor are deposited within the microfluidic channel using active perfusion with a pneumatic pump. The matrix proteins are then washed with buffer and blocked to prepare the microfluidic channel for platelet interactions. Whole blood labeled with fluorescent dye is perfused through the channel at various flow rates in order to achieve platelet activation and aggregation. Inhibitors of platelet aggregation can be added prior to the flow cell experiment to generate IC50 dose response data.

The platelet adhesion cascade takes place in the presence of shear flow, a factor not accounted for in conventional (static) well-plate assays. This article reports on a platelet-aggregation assay utilizing a microfluidic well-plate format to emulate physiological shear flow conditions.

マイクロ流体フローセルを使用して流れの下で血小板粘着と凝集

Platelet aggregation occurs in response to vascular injury where the extracellular matrix below the endothelium has been exposed. The platelet adhesion ...

Microfluidic Co-culture of Epithelial Cells and Bacteria for Investigating Soluble Signal-mediated Interactions

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a unique environment in which intestinal epithelial cells and non-pathogenic (commensal) bacteria coexist. It has been proposed that the microenvironment that the pathogen encounters in the commensal layer is important in determining the extent of colonization. Current culture methods for investigating pathogen colonization are not well suited for investigating this hypothesis as they do not enable co-culture of bacteria and epithelial cells in a manner that mimics the GI tract microenvironment. Here we describe a microfluidic co-culture model that enables independent culture of eukaryotic cells and bacteria, and testing the effect of the commensal microenvironment on pathogen colonization. The co-culture model is demonstrated by developing a commensal Escherichia coli biofilm among HeLa cells, followed by introduction of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) into the commensal island, in a sequence that mimics the sequence of events in GI tract infection.

This protocol describes a microfluidic co-culture model for simultaneous and localized culture of epithelial cells and bacteria. This model can be used for investigating the role of different soluble molecular signals on pathogenesis as well as screen the effectiveness of putative probiotic bacterial strains.

マイクロ流体可溶性シグナルを介した相互作用を調査するために上皮細胞や細菌の共培養

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a unique environment in which intestinal epithelial cells and non-pathogenic (commensal) bacteria coexist. It has ...

Quantifying Mixing using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Mixing is a unit operation that combines two or more components into a homogeneous mixture. This work involves mixing two viscous liquid streams using an in-line static mixer. The mixer is a split-and-recombine design that employs shear and extensional flow to increase the interfacial contact between the components. A prototype split-and-recombine (SAR) mixer was constructed by aligning a series of thin laser-cut Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) plates held in place in a PVC pipe. Mixing in this device is illustrated in the photograph in Fig. 1. Red dye was added to a portion of the test fluid and used as the minor component being mixed into the major (undyed) component. At the inlet of the mixer, the injected layer of tracer fluid is split into two layers as it flows through the mixing section. On each subsequent mixing section, the number of horizontal layers is duplicated. Ultimately, the single stream of dye is uniformly dispersed throughout the cross section of the device.
 Using a non-Newtonian test fluid of 0.2% Carbopol and a doped tracer fluid of similar composition, mixing in the unit is visualized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI is a very powerful experimental probe of molecular chemical and physical environment as well as sample structure on the length scales from microns to centimeters. This sensitivity has resulted in broad application of these techniques to characterize physical, chemical and/or biological properties of materials ranging from humans to foods to porous media 1, 2. The equipment and conditions used here are suitable for imaging liquids containing substantial amounts of NMR mobile 1H such as ordinary water and organic liquids including oils. Traditionally MRI has utilized super conducting magnets which are not suitable for industrial environments and not portable within a laboratory (Fig. 2). Recent advances in magnet technology have permitted the construction of large volume industrially compatible magnets suitable for imaging process flows. Here, MRI provides spatially resolved component concentrations at different axial locations during the mixing process. This work documents real-time mixing of highly viscous fluids via distributive mixing with an application to personal care products.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a powerful tool to evaluate the effectiveness of process equipment during operation. We discuss the use of MRI to visualize mixing in a static mixer. The application is relevant to personal care products, but can be applied to a broad range of food, chemical, biomass and biological fluids.

磁気共鳴イメージングを使用してミキシング定量化

Mixing is a unit operation that combines two or more components into a homogeneous mixture.  This work involves mixing two viscous liquid streams using an ...

Chromosomics: Detection of Numerical and Structural Alterations in All 24 Human Chromosomes Simultaneously Using a Novel OctoChrome FISH Assay

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a technique that allows specific DNA sequences to be detected on metaphase or interphase chromosomes in cell nuclei1. The technique uses DNA probes with unique sequences that hybridize to whole chromosomes or specific chromosomal regions, and serves as a powerful adjunct to classic cytogenetics. For instance, many earlier studies reported the frequent detection of increased chromosome aberrations in leukemia patients related with benzene exposure, benzene-poisoning patients, and healthy workers exposed to benzene, using classic cytogenetic analysis2. Using FISH, leukemia-specific chromosomal alterations have been observed to be elevated in apparently healthy workers exposed to benzene3-6, indicating the critical roles of cytogentic changes in benzene-induced leukemogenesis. 
Generally, a single FISH assay examines only one or a few whole chromosomes or specific loci per slide, so multiple hybridizations need to be conducted on multiple slides to cover all of the human chromosomes. Spectral karyotyping (SKY) allows visualization of the whole genome simultaneously, but the requirement for special software and equipment limits its application7. Here, we describe a novel FISH assay, OctoChrome-FISH, which can be applied for Chromosomics, which we define here as the simultaneous analysis of all 24 human chromosomes on one slide in human studies, such as chromosome-wide aneuploidy study (CWAS)8. The basis of the method, marketed by Cytocell as the Chromoprobe Multiprobe System, is an OctoChrome device that is divided into 8 squares, each of which carries three different whole chromosome painting probes (Figure 1). Each of the three probes is directly labeled with a different colored fluorophore, green (FITC), red (Texas Red), and blue (Coumarin). The arrangement of chromosome combinations on the OctoChrome device has been designed to facilitate the identification of the non-random structural chromosome alterations (translocations) found in the most common leukemias and lymphomas, for instance t(9;22), t(15;17), t(8;21), t(14;18)9. Moreover, numerical changes (aneuploidy) in chromosomes can be detected concurrently. The corresponding template slide is also divided into 8 squares onto which metaphase spreads are bound (Figure 2), and is positioned over the OctoChrome device. The probes and target DNA are denatured at high-temperature and hybridized in a humid chamber, and then all 24 human chromosomes can be visualized simultaneously. 
OctoChrome FISH is a promising technique for the clinical diagnosis of leukemia and lymphoma and for detection of aneuploidies in all chromosomes. We have applied this new Chromosomic approach in a CWAS study of benzene-exposed Chinese workers8,10.

A novel fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method that simultaneously examines both numerical and structural chromosome alterations, particularly the specific chromosomal translocations associated with leukemia and lymphoma, of all 24 human chromosomes on a single device in one hybridization, is described.

Chromosomics：同時に新規OctoChrome FISHアッセイを使用した全24ヒト染色体における数値と構造変化の検出

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a technique that allows specific DNA sequences to be detected on metaphase or interphase chromosomes in cell ...

Assessment of GFP Expression and Viability Using the Tali Image-Based Cytometer

Single-cell and population information are commonly obtained either by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. However, these two methods provide different information. Flow cytometry gives quantitative multi-parametric information about physical characteristics and staining or expression, but doesn't allow for visualization. Stand-alone fluorescence microscopy provides visual data, but doesn't allow for straightforward quantitative measurements1.
Image-based cytometry bridges the gap between these two methods, enabling the quick visualization and simultaneous quantitative analysis of thousands of cells in heterogeneous populations2. Here, we present a method for performing cell viability and green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression assays using the Tali Image-Based Cytometer3. The Tali instrument is a 3-channel (bright field, green fluorescence, red fluorescence) benchtop assay platform that offers several advantages over flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. The Tali cytometer is less expensive, takes up less bench space, requires less maintenance, and the work flow has been simplified so that the operation and analysis is much simpler and quicker. The Tali cytometer is capable of performing a range of suspension cell-based assays, including GFP and red fluorescent protein (RFP) expression, apoptosis4-6 and cell viability analysis with propidium iodide (PI)7-11.
Here, we demonstrate the use of the Tali instrument in performing a cell viability assay in cells expressing GFP. GFP-transduced cells are stained using the Tali Viability Kit - Dead Cell Red. The cells are then pipetted into a Tali Cellular Analysis Slide and loaded into the cytometer. Bright field, red fluorescence and green fluorescence images are captured and analyzed using assay specific algorithms. Histograms are then generated to display cell size, PI fluorescence intensity, and GFP fluorescence intensity. These parameters can then be thresholded to home in on a specific cell population.
A side-by side comparison of the Tali Image-Based Cytometer and traditional flow cytometry demonstrates that the two methods provide comparable data regarding cell viability and protein expression. However, the Tali instrument provides additional visual information about the cell population that cannot be obtained using a flow cytometer.

This protocol describes how to perform cell viability and fluorescence expression assays using the Tali Image-Based Cytometer.

タリイメージベースのメ​​ーターを用いたGFPの発現と生存率の評価

Single-cell and population information are commonly obtained either by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. However, these two methods provide ...