The study was supported by the Ministry of Health and Department of Educational Assistance, University and Research of the Autonomous Province of Bolzano and the South Tyrolean Sparkasse Foundation.

<ol>
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The authors have nothing to disclose.

過去には、唯一の方法は、特定の遺伝的変異を有するヒト多能性幹細胞を得るためには、着床前遺伝子診断を受けている親を募集し、その廃棄31,32胚盤胞から胚性幹細胞を生成することでした。再プログラミングのアプローチを使用して、研究者らは現在、事実上すべての遺伝子型を保有する患者からiPS細胞を生成することができます。それは障害および新規治療アプローチのその後...

2006年には、山中伸弥のグループが1 KLF-4、成体マウスおよびヒトからの体細胞は、4つの再プログラミング因子（Oct-4の、ソックス-2の異所性発現によって多能性状態に変換することができることを初めて実証し、 C-Mycの）、いわゆる人工多能性幹細胞（性IPSC）2を生成します。患者特異性IPSC密接形態、増殖、およびhESCの使用に関連する倫​​理的な問題を欠くと迂回し、三生殖細胞型（中胚葉、内胚葉及び外胚葉）に分化する能力の点でヒト胚性幹細胞（hESC）の似ています可能な免疫拒絶3。このように、性IPSCは、基礎研究、薬物スクリーニング、疾患モデリング、毒性の評価、および再生医療の目的のために4患者特異的細胞の最も重要な源の一つとして表示されます。 いくつかのアプローチは、iPS細胞の生成のために使用されている：ウイルスベクターを統合します（レトロウイルス5、レンチウイルス6）、ウイルス非組み込み型ベクター（アデノウイルス7）、センダイウイルス8、BACトランスポゾン9、エピソームベクター10、タンパク質11またはRNAの送達12。ウイルス媒介方法の使用は、高効率のリプログラミングにつながることができますが、ウイルスベクターは、宿主細胞のゲノムに組み込まれ、したがって、潜在的なランダム挿入変異、遺伝子発現の永久的な変化、および分化の間沈黙導入遺伝子の再活性化は、13を除外することはできません。 再生医療用iPS細胞をより安全にするために、努力は携帯のゲノムへの外来DNAの組込みなしでiPS細胞を誘導するためになされています。切除可能なウイルスベクターおよびトランスポゾンが開発されているが、それは必然的に短く切除後に形質導入​​した細胞中に残存ベクター配列、およびトランスポザーゼの発現は、細胞内変化を誘発することができるかどうかまだ不明ですウラル機能13。その高い初期化効率にもかかわらず、センダイウイルスは、高価なアプローチを表し、このシステムを開発した会社でリーチスルーライセンスの懸念は、翻訳の研究でその用途を制限する可能性があります。さらに、タンパク質およびRNAの直接導入の必要性は、これが導入されて、固有の技術的な限界で分子を再プログラミングする複数の配信を必要とし、全体の再プログラミング効率は14非常に低いです。注目すべきは、エピソームプラスミドの使用に基づいて、費用対効果の高い無料のウイルスおよび非統合の方法は、正常皮膚線維芽細胞15の再プログラミングのために報告されています。具体的には、本研究で我々は、以前に10,15を報告したように、市販の統合フリーエピソームプラスミドを使用することにしました。 現在までに、皮膚線維芽細胞は、最も人気のあるドナー細胞型5を表します。しかし、他の細胞源は大成功していますsfullyケラチノサイト16、骨髄間葉系幹細胞17、脂肪間質細胞18、毛包19および歯髄細胞20を含むiPS細胞に再プログラム。これらの細胞の単離は、外科的処置を必要とし、数週間の初代細胞培養を確立するために、 インビトロ細胞増殖に必要とされます。 この観点から、細胞型の開始の選択は重要であり、それは、血液などの容易にアクセス可能で低侵襲性の組織からiPS細胞を生成することができることが同様に重要です。臍帯血単核細胞（CBMNCs）21,22と、末梢血単核細胞（PBMNCs）14,22-24両方が性IPSCの導出のための細胞の適切な供給源を表します。 成人PBMNCの再プログラミングの効率がCBMNCs 22のそれよりも20〜50倍低いが、それらは、サンプリング目的のために最も便利な細胞型のままです。で実際には、PBMNCサンプリングは低侵襲であるという利点があり、加えて、これらの細胞は、再プログラミング実験の前に、インビトロで広範な拡張を必要としません。現在までに、異なるプロトコルは、密度勾配分離後PBMNCsを凍結し、解凍した日数ヶ月に凍結後と性IPSC 22,23に再プログラミングする前に数日のために拡張することができることを報告しています。それにもかかわらず、限り我々が知っているように報告は凍結バフィーコートからPBMNCsの再プログラミングを説明していません。重要なことは、密度勾配分離することなく収集凍結軟膜は、このように、試料採取を回避するiPS細胞の製造のための材料の容易にアクセスできるプールを表す、集団研究から大規模なバイオバンクに保存されている最も一般的な血液サンプルを表します。 本明細書中で、私たちは以前に記載されたプロトコル22に基づいて、初めて人間の冷凍軟膜からのウイルスフリー性IPSCの生成を報告しています。でまた、性IPSCは、非密度勾配精製PBMNC結果の制御プロトコルとして、密度勾配分離後に得られた凍結PBMNCsから生成されました。

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	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Citrate buffered Venosafe Plastic Tube</td>
			<td>Terumo</td>
			<td>VF-054SBCS07</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ammodium chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A9434</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium bicarbonate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>60339</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EDTA disodium powder</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>E5134</td>
			<td>0.5 M solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ficoll-Paque Premium&#160;</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare Life Sciences</td>
			<td>17-5442-02</td>
			<td>Polysucrose solution for density gradient centrifugation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Iscove&#39;s modified Dulbecco&#39;s medium (IMDM)&#160;</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>21056-023</td>
			<td>No phenol red</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ham&#39;s F-12</td>
			<td>Mediatech</td>
			<td>10-080-CV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium-Ethanolamine (ITS -X)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>51500-056&#160;</td>
			<td>1X (Stock: 100X)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chemically Defined Lipid Concentrate</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11905031</td>
			<td>1X (Stock: 100X)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A9418</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate sesquimagnesium salt hydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A8960</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1-Thioglycerol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M6145</td>
			<td>Final Concentration at 200 &#181;M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recombinant Human Stem Cell Factor (SCF)</td>
			<td>PeproTech</td>
			<td>300-07</td>
			<td>100 ng/ml (Stock:100 &#181;g/ml)&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recombinant Human Interleukin-3 (IL-3)</td>
			<td>PeproTech</td>
			<td>200-03</td>
			<td>10 ng/ml (Stock: 10 &#181;g/ml)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recombinant Human Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1)</td>
			<td>PeproTech</td>
			<td>100-11</td>
			<td>40 ng/ml (Stock: 40 &#181;g/ml)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (EPO)</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems&#160;</td>
			<td>287-TC-500</td>
			<td>2 U/ml (Stock: 50 U/ml)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dexamethasone&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D2915</td>
			<td>1 &#956;M (Stock: 1 mM)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human Holo-Transferrin</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems&#160;</td>
			<td>2914-HT</td>
			<td>100 &#956;g/ml (Stock: 20 mg/ml)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Amniomax II</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11269016</td>
			<td>Medium for cytogenetic analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>mTeSR1</td>
			<td>StemCell Technologies</td>
			<td>5850</td>
			<td>Medium for iPSC feeder-free culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Knockout DMEM</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>10829-018</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Knockout Serum Replacement</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>10828-028</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin (10,000 U/mL)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Glutamine (200 mM)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>25030-024</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MEM Non-Essential Amino Acids Solution (100X)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11140-050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-Mercaptoethanol&#160;</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>31350-010</td>
			<td>0.1 mM (Stock: 50 mM)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Butyrate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>B5887</td>
			<td>0.25 mM (Stock: 0.5 M)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recombinant Human FGF basic, 145 aa&#160;</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems&#160;</td>
			<td>4114-TC</td>
			<td>10 ng/ml (Stock: 10 &#181;g/ml)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Y-27632 dihydrochloride</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Y0503&#160;</td>
			<td>10 &#181;M (Stock: 10 mM)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Defined Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>Hyclone</td>
			<td>SH 30070.03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EmbryoMax 0.1% Gelatin Solution</td>
			<td>Merck-Millipore</td>
			<td>ES-006-B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Matrigel Basement Membrane Matrix Growth Factor Reduced</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>354230</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase, Type IV</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>17104-019</td>
			<td>1 mg/ml (Stock: 10 mg/ml)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Accutase</td>
			<td>PAA Laboratories GmbH</td>
			<td>L11-007</td>
			<td>Cell detachment solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast (CF1)</td>
			<td>Global Stem</td>
			<td>GSC-6201G</td>
			<td>1*106 cells/6 well plate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plasmid pCXLE-hOCT3/4-shp53-F</td>
			<td>Addgene&#160;</td>
			<td>27077</td>
			<td>1 &#181;g (Stock: 1 &#181;g/&#181;l)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plasmid pCXLE-hSK</td>
			<td>Addgene&#160;</td>
			<td>27078</td>
			<td>1 &#181;g (Stock: 1 &#181;g/&#181;l)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plasmid pCXLE-hUL</td>
			<td>Addgene&#160;</td>
			<td>27080</td>
			<td>1 &#181;g (Stock: 1 &#181;g/&#181;l)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plasmid pCXLE-EGFP</td>
			<td>Addgene&#160;</td>
			<td>27082</td>
			<td>1 &#181;g (Stock: 1 &#181;g/&#181;l)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alkaline Phosphatase Staining Kit</td>
			<td>Stemgent</td>
			<td>00-0009</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigen-4 (SSEA-4) Antibody</td>
			<td>Merck-Millipore</td>
			<td>MAB4304</td>
			<td>1/250</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-TRA-1-60 Antibody</td>
			<td>Merck-Millipore</td>
			<td>MAB4360</td>
			<td>1/250</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-TRA-1-81 Antibody</td>
			<td>Merck-Millipore</td>
			<td>MAB4381</td>
			<td>1/250</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Oct-3/4 Antibody</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz Biotechnology</td>
			<td>sc-9081</td>
			<td>1/500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Nanog Antibody</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz Biotechnology</td>
			<td>sc-33759</td>
			<td>1/500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Troponin I Antibody</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz Biotechnology</td>
			<td>sc-15368</td>
			<td>1/500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-&#945;-Actinin (Sarcomeric) Antibody</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A7732</td>
			<td>1/250</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neuronal Class III &#223;-Tubulin (TUJ1) Antibody</td>
			<td>Covance Research Products Inc&#160;</td>
			<td>MMS-435P-100</td>
			<td>1/500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) Antibody</td>
			<td>Calbiochem</td>
			<td>657012</td>
			<td>1/200</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 488 Goat Anti-Mouse&#160;</td>
			<td>Molecular Probes</td>
			<td>A-11029</td>
			<td>1/1000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 555 Goat Anti-Rabbit</td>
			<td>Molecular Probes</td>
			<td>A-21429</td>
			<td>1/1000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultra-Low Attachment Cell Culture 6-well plate</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>3471</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trizol Reagent</td>
			<td>Ambion</td>
			<td>15596-018&#160;</td>
			<td>reagent for RNA extraction</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SuperScript VILO cDNA Synthesis Kit</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11754050</td>
			<td>Reverse transcriptase kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>iTaq Universal SYBR Green Supermix</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>172-5124</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CFX96 Real-Time PCR Detection System</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>185-5195</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Experion Automated Electrophoresis System</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>700-7000</td>
			<td>Instrument to check RNA integrity</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Experion RNA Highsense Analysis kit</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>7007105</td>
			<td>Reagent kit to check RNA integrity</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissecting microscope (SteREO Discovery V12 )</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>495007</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NeonTransfection System 100 &#181;L Kit</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>MPK10025</td>
			<td>Reagent kit for electroporation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neon Transfection System</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>MPK5000</td>
			<td>Instrument used for electroporation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NanoDrop UV/Vis Spectrophotometer</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>ND-2000</td>
			<td>Instrument for DNA/RNA quantification</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EndoFree Plasmid Maxi Kit</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>12362</td>
			<td>Plasmid purification kit</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from frozen buffy coats using non-integrating episomal plasmids

体細胞は、典型的には、ヒト胚性幹細胞（hESC）で表される、（KLF-4、Oct-4の、ソックス-2、及びc-Mycの）は、4つの転写因子の発現を強制することによって誘導多能性幹細胞（iPS細胞）に再プログラムすることができ。によるヒトES細胞との類似性のために、性IPSCは、ヒトES細胞に関連する倫​​理的な問題を回避し、潜在的な患者特有の再生医療のための重要なツールとなっています。臨床応用のために適切な細胞を得るために、導入遺伝子を含まないiPS細胞は、導入遺伝子の再活性化、遺伝子発現の変化と誤った分化を回避するために生成される必要があります。また、非常に効率的で安価な再プログラミング方法は、治療目的のために十分なiPS細胞を誘導するために必要です。この必要性を考えると、効率的な非統合エピソームプラスミドアプローチは、iPS細胞の誘導に好適な選択です。現在、再プログラミングのために使用される最も一般的な細胞型は、線維芽細胞、組織生検を必要とするの分離、Iであります患者のためのnvasiveの外科的処置。そのため、ヒト末梢血は、iPS細胞の生成のための最もアクセスし、最も侵襲性の組織を表します。 本研究では、非組み込み型エピソームプラスミドを用いてコスト効果およびウイルスフリープロトコルは、全血の遠心分離後に密度勾配分離せずに凍結バフィーコートから得たヒト末梢血単核細胞（PBMNCs）からのiPS細胞の生成のために報告されています。

本研究では、全血の遠心分離および密度勾配分離が報告された後に得られたPBMNCsの再プログラミングと比較した後に凍結したバフィーコートから単離したPBMNCsの再プログラミングによるウイルスフリー性IPSCを生成するための簡単で効果的なプロトコルです。 図1（a）は、の概略図を示します詳細なプロトコル。解凍後、典型的な丸みを帯びた形状を示す単離されたPBMNCsは、14日?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Frozen Buffy Coats using Non-integrating Episomal Plasmids at JoVE.com

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Frozen Buffy Coats using Non-integrating Episomal Plasmids

誘導多能性幹細胞（iPS細胞）が臨床応用および基礎研究のための患者特有の組織のソースを表します。ここでは、非組み込みエピソームプラスミドを用いてウイルスを含まないiPS細胞に凍結バフィーコートから得たヒト末梢血単核細胞（PBMNCs）を再プログラムするために詳細なプロトコルを提示します。

非統合ソームプラスミドを用いて凍結軟膜から誘導多能性幹細胞の生成

Somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by forcing the expression of four transcription factors (Oct-4, Sox-2, ...

generation-induced-pluripotent-stem-cells-from-frozen-buffy-coats

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

12.8K ビュー.  European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC). 誘導多能性幹細胞（iPS細胞）が臨床応用および基礎研究のための患者特有の組織のソースを表します。ここでは、非組み込みエピソームプラスミドを用いてウイルスを含まないiPS細胞に凍結バフィーコートから得たヒト末梢血単核細胞（PBMNCs）を再プログラムするために詳細なプロトコルを提示します。 

ビデオ: Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Frozen Buffy Coats using Non-integrating Episomal Plasmids

Generation of Integration-free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Hair-derived Keratinocytes

Recent advances in reprogramming allow us to turn somatic cells into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Disease modeling using patient-specific hiPSCs allows the study of the underlying mechanism for pathogenesis, also providing a platform for the development of in vitro drug screening and gene therapy to improve treatment options. The promising potential of hiPSCs for regenerative medicine is also evident from the increasing number of publications (>7000) on iPSCs in recent years. Various cell types from distinct lineages have been successfully used for hiPSC generation, including skin fibroblasts, hematopoietic cells and epidermal keratinocytes. While skin biopsies and blood collection are routinely performed in many labs as a source of somatic cells for the generation of hiPSCs, the collection and subsequent derivation of hair keratinocytes are less commonly used. Hair-derived keratinocytes represent a non-invasive approach to obtain cell samples from patients. Here we outline a simple non-invasive method for the derivation of keratinocytes from plucked hair. We also provide instructions for maintenance of keratinocytes and subsequent reprogramming to generate integration-free hiPSC using episomal vectors.

This manuscript provides a step-by-step procedure for the derivation and maintenance of human keratinocytes from plucked hair and subsequent generation of integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) by episomal vectors.

髪の由来ケラチノサイトを使用した統合フリーヒト誘導多能性幹細胞の生成

Recent advances in reprogramming allow us to turn somatic cells into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Disease modeling using ...

発生生物学

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral T Cells Using Sendai Virus in Feeder-free Conditions

Recently, iPSCs have attracted attention as a new source of cells for regenerative therapies. Although the initial method for generating iPSCs relied on dermal fibroblasts obtained by invasive biopsy and retroviral genomic insertion of transgenes, there have been many efforts to avoid these disadvantages. Human peripheral T cells are a unique cell source for generating iPSCs. iPSCs derived from T cells contain rearrangements of the T cell receptor (TCR) genes and are a source of antigen-specific T cells. Additionally, T cell receptor rearrangement in the genome has the potential to label individual cell lines and distinguish between transplanted and donor cells. For safe clinical application of iPSCs, it is important to minimize the risk of exposing newly generated iPSCs to harmful agents. Although fetal bovine serum and feeder cells have been essential for pluripotent stem cell culture, it is preferable to remove them from the culture system to reduce the risk of unpredictable pathogenicity. To address this, we have established a protocol for generating iPSCs from human peripheral T cells using Sendai virus to reduce the risk of exposing iPSCs to undefined pathogens. Although handling Sendai virus requires equipment with the appropriate biosafety level, Sendai virus infects activated T cells without genome insertion, yet with high efficiency. In this protocol, we demonstrate the generation of iPSCs from human peripheral T cells in feeder-free conditions using a combination of activated T cell culture and Sendai virus.

This protocol describes how to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from human peripheral T cells in feeder-free conditions using a combination of matrigel and Sendai virus vectors containing reprogramming factors.

フィーダーフリー条件にセンダイウイルスを用いてヒト末梢T細胞から人工多能性幹細胞の生成

Recently, iPSCs have attracted attention as a new source of cells for regenerative therapies. Although the initial method for generating iPSCs relied on ...

Generation of Induced-pluripotent Stem Cells Using Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes Isolated from Joints of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Mature somatic cells can be reversed into a pluripotent stem cell-like state using a defined set of reprogramming factors. Numerous studies have generated induced-Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) from various somatic cell types by transducing four Yamanaka transcription factors: Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc. The study of iPSCs remains at the cutting edge of biological and clinical research. In particular, patient-specific iPSCs can be used as a pioneering tool for the study of disease pathobiology, since iPSCs can be induced from the tissue of any individual. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease, classified by the destruction of cartilage and bone structure in the joint. Synovial hyperplasia is one of the major reasons or symptoms that lead to these results in RA. Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes (FLSs) are the main component cells in the hyperplastic synovium. FLSs in the joint limitlessly proliferate, eventually invading the adjacent cartilage and bone. Currently, the hyperplastic synovium can be removed only by a surgical procedure. The removed synovium is used for RA research as a material that reflects the inflammatory condition of the joint. As a major player in the pathogenesis of RA, FLSs can be used as a material to generate and investigate the iPSCs of RA patients. In this study, we used the FLSs of a RA patient to generate iPSCs. Using a lentiviral system, we discovered that FLSs can generate RA patient-specific iPSC. The iPSCs generated from FLSs can be further used as a tool to study the pathophysiology of RA in the future.

Here we describe a protocol for generating human induced-pluripotent stem cells from patient-derived fibroblast-like synoviocytes, using a lentiviral system without feeder cells.

関節リウマチ患者の関節から分離された線維芽細胞様滑膜細胞を用いて誘導多能性幹細胞の生成

Mature somatic cells can be reversed into a pluripotent stem cell-like state using a defined set of reprogramming factors. Numerous studies have generated ...

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Melanoma Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes

Adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can mediate durable and complete responses in significant subsets of patients with metastatic melanoma. Major obstacles of this approach are the reduced viability of transferred T cells, caused by telomere shortening, and the limited number of TILs obtained from patients. Less-differentiated T cells with long telomeres would be an ideal T cell subset for adoptive T cell therapy;however, generating large numbers of these less-differentiated T cells is problematic. This limitation of adoptive T cell therapy can be theoretically overcome by using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that self-renew, maintain pluripotency, have elongated telomeres, and provide an unlimited source of autologous T cells for immunotherapy. Here, we present a protocol to generate iPSCs using Sendai virus vectors for the transduction of reprogramming factors into TILs. This protocol generates fully reprogrammed, vector-free clones. These TIL-derived iPSCs might be able to generate less-differentiated patient- and tumor-specific T cells for adoptive T cell therapy.

The goal of this protocol is to show the protocol for reprogramming melanoma tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes into induced pluripotent stem cells.

ヒトメラノーマ腫瘍浸潤リンパ球から誘導多能性幹細胞の生成

Adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can mediate durable and complete responses in significant subsets ...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Generation from Blood Cells Using Sendai Virus and Centrifugation

The recent development of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) proved that mature somatic cells can return to an undifferentiated, pluripotent state. Now, reprogramming is done with various types of adult somatic cells: keratinocytes, urine cells, fibroblasts, etc. Early experiments were usually done with dermal fibroblasts. However, this required an invasive surgical procedure to obtain fibroblasts from the patients. Therefore, suspension cells, such as blood and urine cells, were considered ideal for reprogramming because of the convenience of obtaining the primary cells. Here, we report an efficient protocol for iPSC generation from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). By plating the transduced PBMCs serially to a new, matrix-coated plate using centrifugation, this protocol can easily provide iPSC colonies. This method is also applicable to umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs). This study presents a simple and efficient protocol for the reprogramming of PBMCs and CBMCs.

We propose a protocol for reprogramming peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). By plating the transduced blood cells onto matrix-coated plates with centrifugation, iPSCs are successfully induced from floating cells. This technique suggests a simple and effective reprogramming protocol for cells such as PBMCs and CBMCs.

センダイウイルスや遠心分離を用いて血液細胞から誘導多能性幹細胞の生成

The recent development of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) proved that mature somatic cells can return to an undifferentiated, pluripotent ...

Generation of Integration-free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Using Episomal Vectors

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) hold great promise for disease modeling and regenerative therapies. We previously reported the use of Episomal Vectors (EV) to generate integration-free iPSCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PB MNCs). The episomal vectors used are DNA plasmids incorporated with oriP and EBNA1 elements from the Epstein-Barr (EB) virus, which&#160;allow for replication and long-term retainment of plasmids in mammalian cells, respectively. With further optimization, thousands of iPSC colonies can be obtained from 1 mL of peripheral blood. Two critical factors for achieving high reprogramming efficiencies&#160;are: 1) the use of a 2A &#34;self-cleavage&#34; peptide to link OCT4 and SOX2, thus achieving equimolar expression of the two factors; 2) the use of two vectors to express MYC and KLF4 individually. Here we describe a step-by-step protocol for generating integration-free iPSCs from adult peripheral blood samples. The generated iPSCs are integration-free as residual episomal plasmids are undetectable after five passages. Although the reprogramming efficiency is comparable to that of Sendai Virus (SV) vectors, EV plasmids are considerably more economical than the commercially available SV vectors. This affordable EV reprogramming system holds potential for clinical applications in regenerative medicine and provides an approach for the direct reprogramming of PB MNCs to integration-free mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells, etc.

This protocol describes a detailed method for efficient generation of integration-free iPSCs from human adult peripheral blood cells. With the use of four oriP/EBNA-based episomal vectors to express the reprogramming factors, KLF4, MYC, BCL-XL, or OCT4 and SOX2, thousands of iPSC colonies can be obtained from 1 mL of peripheral blood.

エピソームベクトルを用いたヒト末梢血単核細胞からの統合フリー人工多能性幹細胞の生成

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) hold great promise for disease modeling and regenerative therapies. We previously reported the use of Episomal ...

Defined and Scalable Generation of Hepatocyte-like Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) possess great value for biomedical research. hPSCs can be scaled and differentiated to all cell types found in the human body. The differentiation of hPSCs to human hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) has been extensively studied, and efficient differentiation protocols have been established. The combination of extracellular matrix and biological stimuli, including growth factors, cytokines, and small molecules, have made it possible to generate HLCs that resemble primary human hepatocytes. However, the majority of procedures still employ undefined components, giving rise to batch-to-batch variation. This serves as a significant barrier to the application of the technology. To tackle this issue, we developed a defined system for hepatocyte differentiation using human recombinant laminins as extracellular matrices in combination with a serum-free differentiation process. Highly efficient hepatocyte specification was achieved, with demonstrated improvements in both HLC function and phenotype. Importantly, this system is easy to scale up using research and GMP-grade hPSC lines&#160;promising advances in cell-based modelling and therapies.

The method presented here describes a scalable and good manufacturing practice (GMP)-ready differentiation system to generate human hepatocyte-like cells from pluripotent stem cells. It serves as a cost-effective and standardized system to generate human hepatocyte-like cells for basic and applied human liver research.

ヒト多能性幹細胞から肝細胞様細胞の定義され、スケーラブルな世代

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) possess great value for biomedical research. hPSCs can be scaled and differentiated to all cell types found in the ...

Generation of Standardized and Reproducible Forebrain-type Cerebral Organoids from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

The human cortex is highly expanded and exhibits a complex structure with specific functional areas, providing higher brain function, such as cognition. Efforts to study human cerebral cortex development have been limited by the availability of model systems. Translating results from rodent studies to the human system is restricted by species differences and studies on human primary tissues are hampered by a lack of tissue availability as well as ethical concerns. Recent development in human pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology include the generation of three-dimensional (3D) self-organizing organotypic culture systems, which mimic to a certain extent human-specific brain development in vitro. Currently, various protocols are available for the generation of either whole brain or brain-region specific organoids. The method for the generation of homogeneous and reproducible forebrain-type organoids from induced PSC (iPSC), which we previously established and describe here, combines the intrinsic ability of PSC to self-organize with guided differentiation towards the anterior neuroectodermal lineage and matrix embedding to support the formation of a continuous neuroepithelium. More specifically, this protocol involves: (1) the generation of iPSC aggregates, including the conversion of iPSC colonies to a confluent monolayer culture; (2) the induction of anterior neuroectoderm; (3) the embedding of neuroectodermal aggregates in a matrix scaffold; (4) the generation of forebrain-type organoids from neuroectodermal aggregates; and (5) the fixation and validation of forebrain-type organoids. As such, this protocol provides an easily applicable system for the generation of standardized and reproducible iPSC-derived cortical tissue structures in vitro.

Cerebral organoids represent a new model system to investigate early human brain development in vitro. This article provides the detailed methodology to efficiently generate homogeneous dorsal forebrain-type organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells including critical characterization and validation steps.

標準化され、再現性のある前脳型人間から脳オルガノイドの生成誘導多能性幹細胞

The human cortex is highly expanded and exhibits a complex structure with specific functional areas, providing higher brain function, such as cognition. ...

Generation of 3D Skin Organoid from Cord Blood-derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

The skin is the body&#8217;s largest organ and has many functions. The skin acts as a physical barrier and protector of the body and regulates bodily functions. Biomimetics is the imitation of the models, systems, and elements of nature for the purpose of solving complex human problems1. Skin biomimetics is a useful tool for in vitro disease research and in vivo regenerative medicine. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the characteristic of unlimited proliferation and the ability of differentiation to three germ layers. Human iPSCs are generated from various primary cells, such as blood cells, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and more. Among them, cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) have emerged as an alternative cell source from the perspective of allogeneic regenerative medicine. CBMCs are useful in regenerative medicine because human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing is essential to the cell banking system. We provide a method for the differentiation of CBMC-iPSCs into keratinocytes and fibroblasts and for generation of a 3D skin organoid. CBMC-iPSC-derived keratinocytes and fibroblasts have characteristics similar to a primary cell line. The 3D skin organoids are generated by overlaying an epidermal layer onto a dermal layer. By transplanting this 3D skin organoid, a humanized mice model is generated. This study shows that a 3D human iPSC-derived skin organoid may be a novel, alternative tool for dermatologic research in vitro and in vivo.

We propose a protocol that shows how to differentiate induced pluripotent stem cell-derived keratinocytes and fibroblasts and generate a 3D skin organoid, using these keratinocytes and fibroblasts. This protocol contains an additional step of generating a humanized mice model. The technique presented here will improve dermatologic research.

臍帯血由来から 3 D 肌 Organoid の生成誘導多能性幹細胞

The skin is the body&#8217;s largest organ and has many functions. The skin acts as a physical barrier and protector of the body and regulates bodily ...

In Vitro Generation of Somite Derivatives from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

In response to signals such as WNTs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and sonic hedgehog (SHH) secreted from surrounding tissues, somites (SMs) give rise to multiple cell types, including the myotome (MYO), sclerotome (SCL), dermatome (D), and syndetome (SYN), which in turn develop into skeletal muscle, axial skeleton, dorsal dermis, and axial tendon/ligament, respectively. Therefore, the generation of SMs and their derivatives from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is critical to obtain pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) for application in regenerative medicine and for disease research in the field of orthopedic surgery. Although the induction protocols for MYO and SCL from PSCs have been previously reported by several researchers, no study has yet demonstrated the induction of SYN and D from iPSCs. Therefore, efficient induction of fully competent SMs remains a major challenge. Here, we recapitulate human SM patterning with human iPSCs in vitro by mimicking the signaling environment during chick/mouse SM development, and report on methods of systematic induction of SM derivatives (MYO, SCL, D, and SYN) from human iPSCs under chemically defined conditions through the presomitic mesoderm (PSM) and SM states. Knowledge regarding chick/mouse&#160;SM development was successfully applied to the induction of SMs with human iPSCs. This method could be a novel tool for studying human somitogenesis and patterning without the use of embryos and for cell-based therapy and disease modeling.

We present here a protocol for the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into each somite derivative (myotome, sclerotome, dermatome, and syndetome) in chemically defined conditions, which has applications in future disease modeling and cell-based therapies in orthopedic surgery.

体節誘導体誘導される人間からの体外世代多能性幹細胞します。

In response to signals such as WNTs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and sonic hedgehog (SHH) secreted from surrounding tissues, somites (SMs) give ...