The study was supported by the Ministry of Health and Department of Educational Assistance, University and Research of the Autonomous Province of Bolzano and the South Tyrolean Sparkasse Foundation.

<ol>
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The authors have nothing to disclose.

בעבר, הדרך היחידה להשיג תאי גזע pluripotent אדם נושאים מוטציה גנטית מסוימת היה לגייס הורים עוברים אבחון גנטי טרום השרשה וליצור תאי גזע עובריים מblastocysts הושלכה 31,32. שימוש בגישה תכנות מחדש, חוקרים יכולים כעת ליצור iPSCs מחולים נושאים כמעט כל גנוטיפ. האפשרות להתחיל משורת תא...

בשנת 2006, הקבוצה של שיניה יאמאנאקה 1 הוכיחה בפעם הראשונה שתאים סומטיים מעכברים ובני האדם מבוגרים יכולים להיות מומרים למדינת pluripotent על ​​ידי ביטוי חוץ רחמי של ארבעה גורמי תכנות מחדש (אוקטובר-4, סוקס-2, KLF-4, ו ג-Myc), יצירת התאים שנקרא המושרה pluripotent הגזע (iPSCs) 2. iPSCs מטופל ספציפי דומה מאוד בתאי גזע עובריים אנושיים (hESCs) במונחים של מורפולוגיה, הפצה והיכולת להתמיין לסוגי תאי שלוש-נבט (המזודרם, האנדודרם והאאקטודרם) ואילו חסרי דאגות האתיות הקשורות לשימוש בhESCs ועקיף דחייה חיסונית אפשרית 3. לפיכך, iPSCs מופיע כאחד מהמקורות החשובים ביותר של תאי חולה ספציפי למחקר בסיסי, הקרנת סמים, דוגמנות מחלה, הערכה של רעילות, ומטרות רפואת רגנרטיבית 4. כמה גישות שימשו במשך דור iPSC: וקטורי שילוב נגיפיים(רטרו-וירוס 5, lentivirus 6), ויראלי וקטורי שילוב-עישון (אדנווירוס 7), סנדאי וירוס 8, transposons BAC 9, וקטורי episomal 10, חלבונים 11 או משלוח RNA 12. למרות שהשימוש בשיטות תיווך וירוס יכול להוביל לתכנות מחדש יעילות גבוהה, וקטורים ויראליים להשתלב בגנום של תאי מארח וmutagenesis insertional האקראי ולכן פוטנציאל, שינוי קבוע של ביטוי גנים, והפעלה מחדש של transgenes הושתק במהלך התמיינות לא ניתן לשלול 13. כדי להפוך iPSCs בטוח יותר לרפואת רגנרטיבית, נעשו מאמצים כדי להפיק iPSCs ללא שילוב של DNA אקסוגני לתוך הגנום תאי. למרות וקטורים ויראליים excisable וtransposons פותחו, זה עדיין לא ברור אם רצפים קצרים וקטור, שבהכרח יישארו בתאי transduced לאחר כריתה, וtransposase ביטוי, יכולים לגרום לשינוי בתאular לתפקד 13. למרות היעילות הגבוהה תכנות מחדש שלה, וירוס סנדאי מייצג גישה יקרה ולהגיע דרך חששות רישוי עם החברה שפיתחה מערכת זו יש הפוטנציאל להגביל יישומה במחקרי translational. יתר על כן, את הצורך בהקדמה ישירה של חלבונים ו- RNA דורש משלוח מרובה של תכנות מחדש מולקולות עם המגבלות טכניות הטבועות זו מציגה, ויעילות תכנות מחדש כוללת היא נמוכה מאוד 14. ראוי לציין, שיטות שילוב הלא-נגיפיות-חופשיות וחסכוניות המבוססות על השימוש בפלסמידים episomal דווחו בהצלחה לתכנות מחדש של fibroblasts עור 15. באופן ספציפי, בעבודה הנוכחית החלטנו להשתמש בפלסמידים episomal מסחריים זמינים ללא אינטגרציה, כפי שדווח בעבר 10,15. עד כה, fibroblasts העור מייצג את סוג תא התורם הפופולרי ביותר 5. עם זאת, מקורות תא אחרים היו succesתכנות מחדש sfully לiPSCs כולל קרטינוציטים 16, בתאי גזע mesenchymal מח עצם 17, תאי סטרומה שומן 18, שיער הזקיקים 19, ותאי עיסת שיניים 20. הבידוד של תאים אלה דורש פרוצדורות כירורגיות, וכמה שבועות יש צורך במבחנה הרחבת תא כדי להקים תרבות תא ראשונית. לאור זאת, הבחירה של מתחיל סוג התא היא קריטית וחשוב באותה מידה להיות מסוגל לייצר iPSCs מרקמות נגישים ופחות פולשני כמו דם. שני תאי mononuclear דם טבורי (CBMNCs) 21,22 והיקפי mononuclear דם תאים (PBMNCs) 14,22-24 מייצגים מקורות מתאימים של תאים לגזרה של iPSCs. למרות היעילות של תכנות מחדש PBMNC המבוגר היא 20-50 פעמים נמוכה מזה של 22 CBMNCs, הם נשארים סוג התא הנוח ביותר למטרה דגימה. בלמעשה, יש דגימת PBMNC את היתרון של להיות פולשנית, ובנוסף, תאים אלה אינם דורשים הרחבה רבה במבחנה לפני ניסויי תכנות מחדש. עד כה, פרוטוקולים שונים דיווחו כי PBMNCs לאחר הפרדת שיפוע הצפיפות אפשר להקפיא ולהפשיר ימים לכמה חודשים לאחר ההקפאה ומורחבת לכמה ימים לפני תכנות מחדש לiPSCs 22,23. עם זאת, ככל שאנו מודעים לא דווחנו תארו תכנות מחדש של PBMNCs ממעיילי אפים קפואים. חשוב לציין, מעילי אפים קפואים שנאספו ללא הפרדת שיפוע צפיפות מייצגים את דגימות דם הנפוצות ביותר מאוחסנות בbiobanks בקנה מידה הגדול ממחקרי אוכלוסייה, ובכך מייצג את בריכה נגישה של חומר לייצור iPSC שימנע איסוף דגימה נוסף. במסמך זה אנו מדווחים לראשונה את הדור של iPSCs הנגיפי-חופשי ממעיילי אפים קפואים אנושיים, המבוסס על פרוטוקול שתואר קודם לכן 22. בבנוסף, iPSCs נוצרו מPBMNCs הקפוא מתקבל לאחר הפרדת שיפוע הצפיפות, כפרוטוקול בקרה לתוצאות PBMNC שיפוע שאינו צפיפות מטוהרת.

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		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ammodium chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A9434</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Potassium bicarbonate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>60339</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>EDTA disodium powder</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>E5134</td>
			<td>0.5 M solution</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Ficoll-Paque Premium&#160;</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare Life Sciences</td>
			<td>17-5442-02</td>
			<td>Polysucrose solution for density gradient centrifugation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Iscove&#39;s modified Dulbecco&#39;s medium (IMDM)&#160;</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>21056-023</td>
			<td>No phenol red</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ham&#39;s F-12</td>
			<td>Mediatech</td>
			<td>10-080-CV</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium-Ethanolamine (ITS -X)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>51500-056&#160;</td>
			<td>1X (Stock: 100X)</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Chemically Defined Lipid Concentrate</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11905031</td>
			<td>1X (Stock: 100X)</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A9418</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate sesquimagnesium salt hydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A8960</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1-Thioglycerol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M6145</td>
			<td>Final Concentration at 200 &#181;M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recombinant Human Stem Cell Factor (SCF)</td>
			<td>PeproTech</td>
			<td>300-07</td>
			<td>100 ng/ml (Stock:100 &#181;g/ml)&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recombinant Human Interleukin-3 (IL-3)</td>
			<td>PeproTech</td>
			<td>200-03</td>
			<td>10 ng/ml (Stock: 10 &#181;g/ml)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recombinant Human Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1)</td>
			<td>PeproTech</td>
			<td>100-11</td>
			<td>40 ng/ml (Stock: 40 &#181;g/ml)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (EPO)</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems&#160;</td>
			<td>287-TC-500</td>
			<td>2 U/ml (Stock: 50 U/ml)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dexamethasone&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D2915</td>
			<td>1 &#956;M (Stock: 1 mM)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human Holo-Transferrin</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems&#160;</td>
			<td>2914-HT</td>
			<td>100 &#956;g/ml (Stock: 20 mg/ml)</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Amniomax II</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11269016</td>
			<td>Medium for cytogenetic analysis</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>mTeSR1</td>
			<td>StemCell Technologies</td>
			<td>5850</td>
			<td>Medium for iPSC feeder-free culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Knockout DMEM</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>10829-018</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Knockout Serum Replacement</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>10828-028</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin (10,000 U/mL)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Glutamine (200 mM)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>25030-024</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MEM Non-Essential Amino Acids Solution (100X)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11140-050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-Mercaptoethanol&#160;</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>31350-010</td>
			<td>0.1 mM (Stock: 50 mM)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Butyrate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>B5887</td>
			<td>0.25 mM (Stock: 0.5 M)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recombinant Human FGF basic, 145 aa&#160;</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems&#160;</td>
			<td>4114-TC</td>
			<td>10 ng/ml (Stock: 10 &#181;g/ml)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Y-27632 dihydrochloride</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Y0503&#160;</td>
			<td>10 &#181;M (Stock: 10 mM)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Defined Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>Hyclone</td>
			<td>SH 30070.03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EmbryoMax 0.1% Gelatin Solution</td>
			<td>Merck-Millipore</td>
			<td>ES-006-B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Matrigel Basement Membrane Matrix Growth Factor Reduced</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>354230</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase, Type IV</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>17104-019</td>
			<td>1 mg/ml (Stock: 10 mg/ml)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Accutase</td>
			<td>PAA Laboratories GmbH</td>
			<td>L11-007</td>
			<td>Cell detachment solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast (CF1)</td>
			<td>Global Stem</td>
			<td>GSC-6201G</td>
			<td>1*106 cells/6 well plate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plasmid pCXLE-hOCT3/4-shp53-F</td>
			<td>Addgene&#160;</td>
			<td>27077</td>
			<td>1 &#181;g (Stock: 1 &#181;g/&#181;l)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plasmid pCXLE-hSK</td>
			<td>Addgene&#160;</td>
			<td>27078</td>
			<td>1 &#181;g (Stock: 1 &#181;g/&#181;l)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plasmid pCXLE-hUL</td>
			<td>Addgene&#160;</td>
			<td>27080</td>
			<td>1 &#181;g (Stock: 1 &#181;g/&#181;l)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plasmid pCXLE-EGFP</td>
			<td>Addgene&#160;</td>
			<td>27082</td>
			<td>1 &#181;g (Stock: 1 &#181;g/&#181;l)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alkaline Phosphatase Staining Kit</td>
			<td>Stemgent</td>
			<td>00-0009</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigen-4 (SSEA-4) Antibody</td>
			<td>Merck-Millipore</td>
			<td>MAB4304</td>
			<td>1/250</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-TRA-1-60 Antibody</td>
			<td>Merck-Millipore</td>
			<td>MAB4360</td>
			<td>1/250</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-TRA-1-81 Antibody</td>
			<td>Merck-Millipore</td>
			<td>MAB4381</td>
			<td>1/250</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Oct-3/4 Antibody</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz Biotechnology</td>
			<td>sc-9081</td>
			<td>1/500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Nanog Antibody</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz Biotechnology</td>
			<td>sc-33759</td>
			<td>1/500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Troponin I Antibody</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz Biotechnology</td>
			<td>sc-15368</td>
			<td>1/500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-&#945;-Actinin (Sarcomeric) Antibody</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A7732</td>
			<td>1/250</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neuronal Class III &#223;-Tubulin (TUJ1) Antibody</td>
			<td>Covance Research Products Inc&#160;</td>
			<td>MMS-435P-100</td>
			<td>1/500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) Antibody</td>
			<td>Calbiochem</td>
			<td>657012</td>
			<td>1/200</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 488 Goat Anti-Mouse&#160;</td>
			<td>Molecular Probes</td>
			<td>A-11029</td>
			<td>1/1000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 555 Goat Anti-Rabbit</td>
			<td>Molecular Probes</td>
			<td>A-21429</td>
			<td>1/1000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultra-Low Attachment Cell Culture 6-well plate</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>3471</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trizol Reagent</td>
			<td>Ambion</td>
			<td>15596-018&#160;</td>
			<td>reagent for RNA extraction</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SuperScript VILO cDNA Synthesis Kit</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11754050</td>
			<td>Reverse transcriptase kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>iTaq Universal SYBR Green Supermix</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>172-5124</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CFX96 Real-Time PCR Detection System</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>185-5195</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Experion Automated Electrophoresis System</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>700-7000</td>
			<td>Instrument to check RNA integrity</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Experion RNA Highsense Analysis kit</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>7007105</td>
			<td>Reagent kit to check RNA integrity</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissecting microscope (SteREO Discovery V12 )</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>495007</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NeonTransfection System 100 &#181;L Kit</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>MPK10025</td>
			<td>Reagent kit for electroporation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neon Transfection System</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>MPK5000</td>
			<td>Instrument used for electroporation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NanoDrop UV/Vis Spectrophotometer</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>ND-2000</td>
			<td>Instrument for DNA/RNA quantification</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EndoFree Plasmid Maxi Kit</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>12362</td>
			<td>Plasmid purification kit</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from frozen buffy coats using non-integrating episomal plasmids

ניתן לתכנות מחדש תאים סומטיים לתאי גזע pluripotent מושרה (iPSCs) על ידי לאלץ את הביטוי של ארבעה גורמי שעתוק (אוקטובר-4, סוקס-2, KLF-4, ו- c-Myc), הביע בדרך כלל על ידי תאי גזע עובריים אנושיים (hESCs) . בשל הדמיון שלהם עם hESCs, iPSCs הפך כלי חשוב לרפואת רגנרטיבית מטופל ספציפי פוטנציאלית, הימנעות סוגיות אתיות הקשורות לhESCs. כדי להשיג תאים מתאימים ליישום קליני, iPSCs ללא transgene צריך להיות שנוצר כדי למנוע הפעלה מחדש transgene, ביטוי גנים שהשתנה ובידול מוטעה. יתר על כן, שיטת תכנות מחדש יעילה והזולה ביותר היא צורך להפיק iPSCs מספיק למטרות טיפוליות. בהתחשב בצורך הזה, גישת פלסמיד episomal שילוב הלא-יעילה היא הבחירה עדיפה לגזירת iPSC. כיום סוג התא הנפוץ ביותר בשימוש למטרות תכנות מחדש הוא fibroblasts, הבידוד של אשר דורש ביופסית רקמה, אניהליך כירורגי nvasive עבור המטופל. לכן, דם היקפי אדם מייצג את הרקמה נגישה ביותר ולפחות פולשנית לדור iPSC. במחקר זה, פרוטוקול חסכוני ויראלית ללא שימוש בפלסמידים episomal הלא שילוב דווח לדור של iPSCs מתאי אנושיים היקפיים mononuclear הדם (PBMNCs) המתקבלים ממעיילי אפים קפואים לאחר צנטריפוגה דם השלמה וללא הפרדת שיפוע צפיפות.

במחקר זה פרוטוקול פשוט ויעיל לייצור iPSCs הנגיפי-בחינם על ידי תכנות מחדש של PBMNCs מבודד ממעיילי אפים קפואים לאחר צנטריפוגה דם השלמה והשוואה עם תכנות מחדש של PBMNCs מתקבל לאחר הפרדת שיפוע הצפיפות מדווחת. איור 1 א מציג ייצוג סכמטי של הפרוטוקול מפורט. לאחר הפשרה, PBMNCs המ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Frozen Buffy Coats using Non-integrating Episomal Plasmids at JoVE.com

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Frozen Buffy Coats using Non-integrating Episomal Plasmids

תאים מושרה pluripotent גזע (iPSCs) מהווים מקור של רקמות מטופל ספציפי ליישומים קליניים ומחקר בסיסי. כאן, אנו מציגים פרוטוקול מפורט לתכנת מחדש תאים אנושיים היקפיים mononuclear הדם (PBMNCs) המתקבלים ממעיילי אפים קפואים לiPSCs הנגיפי ללא שימוש בפלסמידים episomal הלא שילוב.

דור של גזע תאים המושרה pluripotent מקפוא באפי מעילים באמצעות Episomal פלסמידים ללא שילוב

Somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by forcing the expression of four transcription factors (Oct-4, Sox-2, ...

generation-induced-pluripotent-stem-cells-from-frozen-buffy-coats

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

12.8K Views.  European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC).  תאים מושרה pluripotent גזע (iPSCs) מהווים מקור של רקמות מטופל ספציפי ליישומים קליניים ומחקר בסיסי. כאן, אנו מציגים פרוטוקול מפורט לתכנת מחדש תאים אנושיים היקפיים mononuclear הדם (PBMNCs) המתקבלים ממעיילי אפים קפואים לiPSCs הנגיפי ללא שימוש בפלסמידים episomal הלא ...

Video: Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Frozen Buffy Coats using Non-integrating Episomal Plasmids

Generation of Integration-free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Hair-derived Keratinocytes

Recent advances in reprogramming allow us to turn somatic cells into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Disease modeling using patient-specific hiPSCs allows the study of the underlying mechanism for pathogenesis, also providing a platform for the development of in vitro drug screening and gene therapy to improve treatment options. The promising potential of hiPSCs for regenerative medicine is also evident from the increasing number of publications (>7000) on iPSCs in recent years. Various cell types from distinct lineages have been successfully used for hiPSC generation, including skin fibroblasts, hematopoietic cells and epidermal keratinocytes. While skin biopsies and blood collection are routinely performed in many labs as a source of somatic cells for the generation of hiPSCs, the collection and subsequent derivation of hair keratinocytes are less commonly used. Hair-derived keratinocytes represent a non-invasive approach to obtain cell samples from patients. Here we outline a simple non-invasive method for the derivation of keratinocytes from plucked hair. We also provide instructions for maintenance of keratinocytes and subsequent reprogramming to generate integration-free hiPSC using episomal vectors.

This manuscript provides a step-by-step procedure for the derivation and maintenance of human keratinocytes from plucked hair and subsequent generation of integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) by episomal vectors.

דור של תאי גזע האינטגרציה נטול האדם המושרה pluripotent שימוש קרטינוציטים נגזר שיער

Recent advances in reprogramming allow us to turn somatic cells into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Disease modeling using ...

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral T Cells Using Sendai Virus in Feeder-free Conditions

Recently, iPSCs have attracted attention as a new source of cells for regenerative therapies. Although the initial method for generating iPSCs relied on dermal fibroblasts obtained by invasive biopsy and retroviral genomic insertion of transgenes, there have been many efforts to avoid these disadvantages. Human peripheral T cells are a unique cell source for generating iPSCs. iPSCs derived from T cells contain rearrangements of the T cell receptor (TCR) genes and are a source of antigen-specific T cells. Additionally, T cell receptor rearrangement in the genome has the potential to label individual cell lines and distinguish between transplanted and donor cells. For safe clinical application of iPSCs, it is important to minimize the risk of exposing newly generated iPSCs to harmful agents. Although fetal bovine serum and feeder cells have been essential for pluripotent stem cell culture, it is preferable to remove them from the culture system to reduce the risk of unpredictable pathogenicity. To address this, we have established a protocol for generating iPSCs from human peripheral T cells using Sendai virus to reduce the risk of exposing iPSCs to undefined pathogens. Although handling Sendai virus requires equipment with the appropriate biosafety level, Sendai virus infects activated T cells without genome insertion, yet with high efficiency. In this protocol, we demonstrate the generation of iPSCs from human peripheral T cells in feeder-free conditions using a combination of activated T cell culture and Sendai virus.

This protocol describes how to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from human peripheral T cells in feeder-free conditions using a combination of matrigel and Sendai virus vectors containing reprogramming factors.

דור של גזע תאים המושרה pluripotent מתאי T ההיקפיים אנושיים באמצעות וירוס סנדאי בתנאים ללא מזין

Recently, iPSCs have attracted attention as a new source of cells for regenerative therapies. Although the initial method for generating iPSCs relied on ...

Generation of Induced-pluripotent Stem Cells Using Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes Isolated from Joints of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Mature somatic cells can be reversed into a pluripotent stem cell-like state using a defined set of reprogramming factors. Numerous studies have generated induced-Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) from various somatic cell types by transducing four Yamanaka transcription factors: Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc. The study of iPSCs remains at the cutting edge of biological and clinical research. In particular, patient-specific iPSCs can be used as a pioneering tool for the study of disease pathobiology, since iPSCs can be induced from the tissue of any individual. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease, classified by the destruction of cartilage and bone structure in the joint. Synovial hyperplasia is one of the major reasons or symptoms that lead to these results in RA. Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes (FLSs) are the main component cells in the hyperplastic synovium. FLSs in the joint limitlessly proliferate, eventually invading the adjacent cartilage and bone. Currently, the hyperplastic synovium can be removed only by a surgical procedure. The removed synovium is used for RA research as a material that reflects the inflammatory condition of the joint. As a major player in the pathogenesis of RA, FLSs can be used as a material to generate and investigate the iPSCs of RA patients. In this study, we used the FLSs of a RA patient to generate iPSCs. Using a lentiviral system, we discovered that FLSs can generate RA patient-specific iPSC. The iPSCs generated from FLSs can be further used as a tool to study the pathophysiology of RA in the future.

Here we describe a protocol for generating human induced-pluripotent stem cells from patient-derived fibroblast-like synoviocytes, using a lentiviral system without feeder cells.

הדור של גזע תאים מושרה-פלוריפוטנטיים שימוש פיברובלסטים דמויי Synoviocytes מבודדת מן מפרידים של בחולי דלקת מפרקים שגרונית

Mature somatic cells can be reversed into a pluripotent stem cell-like state using a defined set of reprogramming factors. Numerous studies have generated ...

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Melanoma Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes

Adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can mediate durable and complete responses in significant subsets of patients with metastatic melanoma. Major obstacles of this approach are the reduced viability of transferred T cells, caused by telomere shortening, and the limited number of TILs obtained from patients. Less-differentiated T cells with long telomeres would be an ideal T cell subset for adoptive T cell therapy;however, generating large numbers of these less-differentiated T cells is problematic. This limitation of adoptive T cell therapy can be theoretically overcome by using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that self-renew, maintain pluripotency, have elongated telomeres, and provide an unlimited source of autologous T cells for immunotherapy. Here, we present a protocol to generate iPSCs using Sendai virus vectors for the transduction of reprogramming factors into TILs. This protocol generates fully reprogrammed, vector-free clones. These TIL-derived iPSCs might be able to generate less-differentiated patient- and tumor-specific T cells for adoptive T cell therapy.

The goal of this protocol is to show the protocol for reprogramming melanoma tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes into induced pluripotent stem cells.

דור של תאי גזע מושרים ממלנומה האדם שחדר-גידול לימפוציטים

Adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can mediate durable and complete responses in significant subsets ...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Generation from Blood Cells Using Sendai Virus and Centrifugation

The recent development of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) proved that mature somatic cells can return to an undifferentiated, pluripotent state. Now, reprogramming is done with various types of adult somatic cells: keratinocytes, urine cells, fibroblasts, etc. Early experiments were usually done with dermal fibroblasts. However, this required an invasive surgical procedure to obtain fibroblasts from the patients. Therefore, suspension cells, such as blood and urine cells, were considered ideal for reprogramming because of the convenience of obtaining the primary cells. Here, we report an efficient protocol for iPSC generation from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). By plating the transduced PBMCs serially to a new, matrix-coated plate using centrifugation, this protocol can easily provide iPSC colonies. This method is also applicable to umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs). This study presents a simple and efficient protocol for the reprogramming of PBMCs and CBMCs.

We propose a protocol for reprogramming peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). By plating the transduced blood cells onto matrix-coated plates with centrifugation, iPSCs are successfully induced from floating cells. This technique suggests a simple and effective reprogramming protocol for cells such as PBMCs and CBMCs.

נייד דור גזע מושר מתאי דם באמצעות וירוס Sendai ו צנטריפוגה

The recent development of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) proved that mature somatic cells can return to an undifferentiated, pluripotent ...

Generation of Integration-free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Using Episomal Vectors

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) hold great promise for disease modeling and regenerative therapies. We previously reported the use of Episomal Vectors (EV) to generate integration-free iPSCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PB MNCs). The episomal vectors used are DNA plasmids incorporated with oriP and EBNA1 elements from the Epstein-Barr (EB) virus, which&#160;allow for replication and long-term retainment of plasmids in mammalian cells, respectively. With further optimization, thousands of iPSC colonies can be obtained from 1 mL of peripheral blood. Two critical factors for achieving high reprogramming efficiencies&#160;are: 1) the use of a 2A &#34;self-cleavage&#34; peptide to link OCT4 and SOX2, thus achieving equimolar expression of the two factors; 2) the use of two vectors to express MYC and KLF4 individually. Here we describe a step-by-step protocol for generating integration-free iPSCs from adult peripheral blood samples. The generated iPSCs are integration-free as residual episomal plasmids are undetectable after five passages. Although the reprogramming efficiency is comparable to that of Sendai Virus (SV) vectors, EV plasmids are considerably more economical than the commercially available SV vectors. This affordable EV reprogramming system holds potential for clinical applications in regenerative medicine and provides an approach for the direct reprogramming of PB MNCs to integration-free mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells, etc.

This protocol describes a detailed method for efficient generation of integration-free iPSCs from human adult peripheral blood cells. With the use of four oriP/EBNA-based episomal vectors to express the reprogramming factors, KLF4, MYC, BCL-XL, or OCT4 and SOX2, thousands of iPSC colonies can be obtained from 1 mL of peripheral blood.

דור של תאי גזע מושרים אינטגרציה נטולה מן אדם הדם ההיקפי mononuclear תאי שימוש וקטורי Episomal

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) hold great promise for disease modeling and regenerative therapies. We previously reported the use of Episomal ...

Defined and Scalable Generation of Hepatocyte-like Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) possess great value for biomedical research. hPSCs can be scaled and differentiated to all cell types found in the human body. The differentiation of hPSCs to human hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) has been extensively studied, and efficient differentiation protocols have been established. The combination of extracellular matrix and biological stimuli, including growth factors, cytokines, and small molecules, have made it possible to generate HLCs that resemble primary human hepatocytes. However, the majority of procedures still employ undefined components, giving rise to batch-to-batch variation. This serves as a significant barrier to the application of the technology. To tackle this issue, we developed a defined system for hepatocyte differentiation using human recombinant laminins as extracellular matrices in combination with a serum-free differentiation process. Highly efficient hepatocyte specification was achieved, with demonstrated improvements in both HLC function and phenotype. Importantly, this system is easy to scale up using research and GMP-grade hPSC lines&#160;promising advances in cell-based modelling and therapies.

The method presented here describes a scalable and good manufacturing practice (GMP)-ready differentiation system to generate human hepatocyte-like cells from pluripotent stem cells. It serves as a cost-effective and standardized system to generate human hepatocyte-like cells for basic and applied human liver research.

מוגדרי דור Scalable של תאי Hepatocyte דמוי מתאי גזע פלוריפוטנטיים האנוש

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) possess great value for biomedical research. hPSCs can be scaled and differentiated to all cell types found in the ...

Generation of Standardized and Reproducible Forebrain-type Cerebral Organoids from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

The human cortex is highly expanded and exhibits a complex structure with specific functional areas, providing higher brain function, such as cognition. Efforts to study human cerebral cortex development have been limited by the availability of model systems. Translating results from rodent studies to the human system is restricted by species differences and studies on human primary tissues are hampered by a lack of tissue availability as well as ethical concerns. Recent development in human pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology include the generation of three-dimensional (3D) self-organizing organotypic culture systems, which mimic to a certain extent human-specific brain development in vitro. Currently, various protocols are available for the generation of either whole brain or brain-region specific organoids. The method for the generation of homogeneous and reproducible forebrain-type organoids from induced PSC (iPSC), which we previously established and describe here, combines the intrinsic ability of PSC to self-organize with guided differentiation towards the anterior neuroectodermal lineage and matrix embedding to support the formation of a continuous neuroepithelium. More specifically, this protocol involves: (1) the generation of iPSC aggregates, including the conversion of iPSC colonies to a confluent monolayer culture; (2) the induction of anterior neuroectoderm; (3) the embedding of neuroectodermal aggregates in a matrix scaffold; (4) the generation of forebrain-type organoids from neuroectodermal aggregates; and (5) the fixation and validation of forebrain-type organoids. As such, this protocol provides an easily applicable system for the generation of standardized and reproducible iPSC-derived cortical tissue structures in vitro.

Cerebral organoids represent a new model system to investigate early human brain development in vitro. This article provides the detailed methodology to efficiently generate homogeneous dorsal forebrain-type organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells including critical characterization and validation steps.

דור של Organoids מוחי סטנדרטית ו לשחזור הקדמי-סוג של האדם המושרה בתאי גזע Pluripotent

The human cortex is highly expanded and exhibits a complex structure with specific functional areas, providing higher brain function, such as cognition. ...

Generation of 3D Skin Organoid from Cord Blood-derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

The skin is the body&#8217;s largest organ and has many functions. The skin acts as a physical barrier and protector of the body and regulates bodily functions. Biomimetics is the imitation of the models, systems, and elements of nature for the purpose of solving complex human problems1. Skin biomimetics is a useful tool for in vitro disease research and in vivo regenerative medicine. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the characteristic of unlimited proliferation and the ability of differentiation to three germ layers. Human iPSCs are generated from various primary cells, such as blood cells, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and more. Among them, cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) have emerged as an alternative cell source from the perspective of allogeneic regenerative medicine. CBMCs are useful in regenerative medicine because human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing is essential to the cell banking system. We provide a method for the differentiation of CBMC-iPSCs into keratinocytes and fibroblasts and for generation of a 3D skin organoid. CBMC-iPSC-derived keratinocytes and fibroblasts have characteristics similar to a primary cell line. The 3D skin organoids are generated by overlaying an epidermal layer onto a dermal layer. By transplanting this 3D skin organoid, a humanized mice model is generated. This study shows that a 3D human iPSC-derived skin organoid may be a novel, alternative tool for dermatologic research in vitro and in vivo.

We propose a protocol that shows how to differentiate induced pluripotent stem cell-derived keratinocytes and fibroblasts and generate a 3D skin organoid, using these keratinocytes and fibroblasts. This protocol contains an additional step of generating a humanized mice model. The technique presented here will improve dermatologic research.

דור של תא צורב עור תלת-ממד של כבל דם-derived המושרה בתאי גזע Pluripotent

The skin is the body&#8217;s largest organ and has many functions. The skin acts as a physical barrier and protector of the body and regulates bodily ...

In Vitro Generation of Somite Derivatives from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

In response to signals such as WNTs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and sonic hedgehog (SHH) secreted from surrounding tissues, somites (SMs) give rise to multiple cell types, including the myotome (MYO), sclerotome (SCL), dermatome (D), and syndetome (SYN), which in turn develop into skeletal muscle, axial skeleton, dorsal dermis, and axial tendon/ligament, respectively. Therefore, the generation of SMs and their derivatives from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is critical to obtain pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) for application in regenerative medicine and for disease research in the field of orthopedic surgery. Although the induction protocols for MYO and SCL from PSCs have been previously reported by several researchers, no study has yet demonstrated the induction of SYN and D from iPSCs. Therefore, efficient induction of fully competent SMs remains a major challenge. Here, we recapitulate human SM patterning with human iPSCs in vitro by mimicking the signaling environment during chick/mouse SM development, and report on methods of systematic induction of SM derivatives (MYO, SCL, D, and SYN) from human iPSCs under chemically defined conditions through the presomitic mesoderm (PSM) and SM states. Knowledge regarding chick/mouse&#160;SM development was successfully applied to the induction of SMs with human iPSCs. This method could be a novel tool for studying human somitogenesis and patterning without the use of embryos and for cell-based therapy and disease modeling.

We present here a protocol for the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into each somite derivative (myotome, sclerotome, dermatome, and syndetome) in chemically defined conditions, which has applications in future disease modeling and cell-based therapies in orthopedic surgery.

בדור חוץ גופית של Somite נגזרים מן האדם המושרה בתאי גזע Pluripotent

In response to signals such as WNTs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and sonic hedgehog (SHH) secreted from surrounding tissues, somites (SMs) give ...