Name: quantification of heavy metals and other inorganic contaminants on the productivity of microalgae
Uploaded: 2015-07-10T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 10 min 20 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Quantification of Heavy Metals and Other Inorganic Contaminants on the Productivity of Microalgae at JoVE.com

The authors would like to acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation (award # 1335550), Utah Water Research Laboratory, Professor Joan McLean and Tessa Guy for their help during the metal/metalloids analysis. The authors also thank Laura Birkhold for her support with the data collection and Danna Olbright.

<ol>
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The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

生理食塩水の微細藻類のN.サリナが正常に再現性のある結果と高いバイオマス収率で設計された成長システムに成長させることができます。空輸は、7日間の成長期間にわたって最小の沈降または生物付着とよく混合懸濁培養のために許可された混合します。蛍光灯バンク全体で最小の光の変動も成長に顕著な差が生じていないことが示されています。 研究では、?...

伝統的な地上の作物に比べて微細藻類は、固有の高い太陽光変換効率1,2に起因する高いバイオマスおよび脂質収率を達成することが示されています。高い生産速度での微細藻類の培養は、外部の炭素源を含む様々な栄養素の供給を必要とします。これは、大規模な成長設備は、生産コストを最小限に抑えると同時に、環境の改善を提供するために、このような産業煙道ガスなどの産業廃棄物の流れと統合されることが期待されます。産業廃棄物の炭素は、気体の二酸化炭素の形で、典型的には負微細藻類の生産に影響を与える可能性があり、汚染物質を含有することができます。具体的には、石炭から誘導された煙道ガスは、以下を含む様々な汚染物質を持っているが、燃焼生成物の水と二酸化炭素、ならびに硫黄および窒素、細塵、ダイオキシン類およびフランなどの有機汚染物質の酸化物、及び無機詐欺に限定されるものではありません重金属など汚染物。微細藻類の生産性の重金属として知られているそれらのいくつかと無機物を含むこれらの汚染物質の大部分の影響が検討されていません。これらの要素のいくつかは、しかし、より高い濃度で、それらは細胞機能不全および死3を生成することができ、適切な濃度での栄養素であることができます。 産業煙道ガスと微細藻類の統合直接増殖培地中に無機汚染物質を導入する可能性を有します。石炭ベースの煙道ガスは低に、種々の濃度の無機元素（ 例えば、として、カドミウム、コバルト、クロム、銅、水銀、マンガン、ニッケル、Pb、SbおよびSeの、Snを、VおよびZn）の様々なそのうちのいくつかを持っています濃度は、微細藻類の成長のための栄養素を表します。無機汚染物質は、微細藻類に特異的に結合すると、さらに栄養輸送体を介して内部的に吸着され、高い親和性を有します。一部の無機汚染物質（ すなわち、コバルト、銅、亜鉛およびMn）が関与する酵素の一部を形成する栄養素であります光合成、呼吸およびその他の機能3,4中のd。しかし、過剰の金属及びメタロイドに毒性であり得ます。このような鉛、カドミウム、錫、Sbを、セレン、As及び水銀のような他の要素は、任意の濃度で細胞機能をサポートし、負培養増殖3,5,6に影響を与える可能性があり、非栄養素の金属を表すことが知られていません。これらの汚染物質のいずれかの存在は、微細藻類の細胞機能に対する負の効果をもたらす可能性を有します。さらに、微細藻類で複数の金属の相互作用は、成長動力学を複雑にし、成長に影響を与える可能性を有します。 大規模な経済学は、直接栽培システム7-19の生産にリンクされています。それは質量の99.9と99.4％で、それぞれ20を表すようにまた、オープン軌道池（ORP）またはフォトバイオリアクターのいずれかのための微細藻類の成長システム（PBR）中の培地のリサイクルは重要です。メディア中の無機汚染物質の存在は、最終的にMが制限される可能性がicroalgaeの生産性とによる汚染物質の蓄積へのメディアの再利用。この研究は、実験的に微細藻類培養システムの統合から期待される濃度で、14無機汚染物質（AS、カドミウム、コバルト、クロム、銅、水銀、マンガン、ニッケル、Pb、SbおよびSeの、錫、VおよびZn）の影響を決定しました石炭は、Nの生産性に、煙道ガスを導出してサリナは空輸PBRSで増殖させました。本研究で用いた汚染物質は、石炭ベースの煙道ガスが、一般廃棄物系の煙道ガス、バイオソリッドベースの煙道ガス、都市下水、生成水、減損地下水や海水21-23に存在しないことが示されています。この研究で使用した濃度は、微細藻類の成長システムは、商用PBRシステム20において実証取り込み効率で石炭ベースのCO 2源と統合された場合に予想されるものに基づいています。重金属や無機汚染物質の濃度を支援する詳細な計算はNapanに提示されていますら 24の分析技術は、バイオマス、メディア環境における金属の大部分の分布を把握するために使用されました。提示される方法は、無機汚染物質のストレスとそのエンド運命の定量化の下で微細藻類の生産能力の評価を可能にしました。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Chemicals</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium chloride</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>S271-3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Calcium chloride dihydrate</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>C79-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Potassium chloride</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>P217-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium meta silicate nonahydrate&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>S408-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>M63-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Potassium nitrate</td><td>EMD Chemical</td><td>PX1520-5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Potassium phosphate monobasic&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>P285-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ammonium ferric citrate</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>I72-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Boric acid</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>A73-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium molybdate, dihydrate</td><td>EMD Chemical</td><td>SX0650-2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Manganese chloride tetrahydrate</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>M87-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Zinc sulfate heptahydrate</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>Z68-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cupric sulfate pentahydrate</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>C489-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Biotin&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Acros Organics</td><td>230090010</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Thiamine&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Acros Organics</td><td>148990100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vitamin B12&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Acros Organics</td><td>405920010</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Copper (II) chloride dihydrate&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>221783-100G</td><td>Irritant, Dangerous to the Environment</td></tr><tr><td>Lead (II) chloride&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>268690-250G</td><td>Toxic, Dangerous to the Environment</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium dichromate dihydrate&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>398063-100G</td><td>Oxidizing, Highly Toxic, Dangerous to the Environment</td></tr><tr><td>Cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>255599-100G</td><td>Toxic, Dangerous to the Environment</td></tr><tr><td>Nickel (II) chloride hexahydrate&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>223387-500G</td><td>Toxic, Dangerous to the Environment</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium (meta) arsenite&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>71287</td><td>Toxic, Dangerous to the Environment</td></tr><tr><td>Cadmium chloride&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>202908-10G</td><td>Highly Toxic, Dangerous to the Environment</td></tr><tr><td>Mercury (II) chloride&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>215465-100G</td><td>Toxic, Dangerous to the Environment</td></tr><tr><td>Tin (II) chloride dihydrate</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>T142-500</td><td>Corrosive. Suitable for Hg analysis. Very hazardous.</td></tr><tr><td>Manganese chloride tetrahydrate</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>M87-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vanadium (V) oxide</td><td>Acros Organics</td><td>206422500</td><td>Dangerous to the Environment</td></tr><tr><td>Carbon dioxide&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Air Liquide</td><td>I2301S-1</td><td>Compressed</td></tr><tr><td>Hydrogen peroxide</td><td>H325-500</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>30% in water</td></tr><tr><td>ICP-MS standard</td><td>ICP-MS-6020</td><td>High Purity Standards</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mercury standard</td><td>CGHG1-1</td><td>Inorganic Ventures</td><td>1000&amp;plusmn;6 &amp;micro;g/mL in 5% nitric acid</td></tr><tr><td>Argon</td><td>Air Liquide</td><td></td><td>Compressed</td></tr><tr><td>Helium</td><td>Air Liquide</td><td></td><td>Compressed, ultra high purity</td></tr><tr><td>Hydrogen</td><td>Air Liquide</td><td></td><td>Compressed, ultra high purity</td></tr><tr><td>Nitric acid</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>A509-P212</td><td>67-70% nitric acid, trace metal grade. Caution: manipulate under fume hood.</td></tr><tr><td>Hydrochloric acid</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>A508-P212</td><td>35% hydrochloric acid, trace metal grade. Caution: manipulate under fume hood.</td></tr><tr><td>Equipment</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scientific prevacuum sterilizer</td><td>Steris</td><td>31626A</td><td>SV-120</td></tr><tr><td>Centrifuge</td><td>Thermo Fisher</td><td>46910</td><td>RC-6 Plus</td></tr><tr><td>Spectrophotometer</td><td>Shimadzu</td><td>1867</td><td>UV-1800</td></tr><tr><td>pH controller</td><td>Hanna</td><td>BL981411</td><td>X4</td></tr><tr><td>Rotometer, X5</td><td>Dwyer</td><td>RMA-151-SSV</td><td>T31Y</td></tr><tr><td>Rotometer, X5</td><td>Dwyer</td><td>RMA-26-SSV</td><td>T35Y</td></tr><tr><td>Water bath circulator</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>13-873-45A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Compact chiller</td><td>VWR</td><td>13270-120</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Freeze dryer</td><td>Labconco</td><td>7752020</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stir plate</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>11-100-49S</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>pH lab electrode</td><td>Phidgets Inc</td><td>3550</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer</td><td>Agilent Technologies</td><td>7700 Series ICP-MS</td><td>Attached to autosampler CETAC ASX-520</td></tr><tr><td>FIAS 100</td><td>Perkin Elmer Instruments</td><td>B0506520</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Atomic absorption spectrometer</td><td>Perkin Elmer Instruments</td><td>AAnalyst 800</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cell heater (quartz)</td><td>Perkin Elmer Instruments</td><td>B3120397</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microwave</td><td>Milestone</td><td></td><td>Programmable, maximum power 1,200 W</td></tr><tr><td>Microwave rotor</td><td>Milestone</td><td></td><td>Rotor with 24-75 ml Teflon vessels for closed-vessel microwave assisted digestion.</td></tr><tr><td>Materials</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.2 &amp;#956;m syringe filter</td><td>Whatman</td><td>6713-0425</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.2 &amp;#956;m syringe filter</td><td>Whatman</td><td>6713-1650</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.45 &amp;#956;m syringe filter</td><td>Thermo Fisher</td><td>F2500-3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Polystyrene tubes</td><td>Evergreen</td><td>222-2094-050</td><td>17 x 100 mm w/cap, 16 ml, polysteryne</td></tr><tr><td>Octogonal magnetic&amp;nbsp;stir&amp;nbsp;bars</td><td>Fisher scientific</td><td>14-513-60</td><td>Magnets encased in PTFE fluoropolymer</td></tr></tbody></table>

quantification of heavy metals and other inorganic contaminants on the productivity of microalgae

再生可能燃料の需要の増加は、微細藻類などの代替原料の実現可能性を調査する研究者を持っています。固有の利点は、高電位収量、廃棄物の流れと非耕地と統合の使用を含みます。大規模な微細藻類の生産システムの栄養要件は、排煙や排水からの栄養分からの二酸化炭素などの産業廃棄物の資源、と栽培システムの結合が必要になります。これらの廃棄物中に存在する無機汚染物質は潜在的にマイナスの生産性に影響を与え、最終用途を制限する微細藻類バイオマスに生物蓄積につながることができます。この研究は、影響の実験的評価とNannochloropsis·サリナの成長の14無機汚染物質（として、カドミウム、コバルト、クロム、銅、水銀、マンガン、ニッケル、Pb、SbおよびSeの、Snを、VおよびZn）の運命に焦点を当てて。微細藻類は、成長mはpH7で984マイクロモルメートル-2秒で照明光バイオリアクターで栽培-1維持しましたEDIA商業石炭排煙システムに見られる組成に基づいて予想されるレベルで無機汚染物質で汚染。バイオマスおよび7日間の成長期間の終了時に培地中に存在する汚染物質は分析的に、水銀のためと同様に、カドミウム、コバルト、クロム、銅、マンガン、ニッケルのための誘導結合プラズマ質量分析法を通して冷蒸気原子吸光分析法を介して定量化しましたPb、SbおよびSeの、錫、VおよびZn。結果はNを示しますサリナは、これらの汚染物質の導入yieldwithバイオマスにおける統計減少した多金属環境に敏感株です。ここで紹介する技術は、藻類の成長を定量化し、無機汚染物質の運命を決定するための適切です。

バイオマス収量 Nの生産この研究のために使用されるPBR方式でサリナ 8.5±0.19グラム/ Lには1g / L -1の成長-1（N = 12）対照反応器および4.0±0.3グラム/ L -1（N = 12）多金属7日間で汚染。実験は三連の反応器及び複数のバッチ全体で再現可能データを生成した。 図2（a）は、3つの独立したPBRSからのサンプリングに基づいて、非常...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Quantification of Heavy Metals and Other Inorganic Contaminants on the Productivity of Microalgae at JoVE.com

Quantification of Heavy Metals and Other Inorganic Contaminants on the Productivity of Microalgae

Integration of microalgal cultivation with industrial flue gas will ultimately introduce heavy metals and other inorganic compounds into the growth media. This study presents a procedure used to determine the end fate and impact of heavy metals and inorganic contaminants on the growth of Nannochloropsis salina grown in photobioreactors.

重金属や微細藻類の生産性に関するその他の無機汚染物質の定量

Increasing demand for renewable fuels has researchers investigating the feasibility of alternative feedstocks, such as microalgae. Inherent advantages ...

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15.9K ビュー.  Utah State University. Integration of microalgal cultivation with industrial flue gas will ultimately introduce heavy metals and other inorganic compounds into the growth media. This study presents a procedure used to determine the end fate and impact of heavy metals and inorganic contaminants on the growth of Nannochloropsis salina grown in photobioreactors.

ビデオ: Quantification of Heavy Metals and Other Inorganic Contaminants on the Productivity of Microalgae

Analysis of Fatty Acid Content and Composition in Microalgae

A method to determine the content and composition of total fatty acids present in microalgae is described. Fatty acids are a major constituent of microalgal biomass. These fatty acids can be present in different acyl-lipid classes. Especially the fatty acids present in triacylglycerol (TAG) are of commercial interest, because they can be used for production of transportation fuels, bulk chemicals, nutraceuticals (&omega;-3 fatty acids), and food commodities. To develop commercial applications, reliable analytical methods for quantification of fatty acid content and composition are needed. Microalgae are single cells surrounded by a rigid cell wall. A fatty acid analysis method should provide sufficient cell disruption to liberate all acyl lipids and the extraction procedure used should be able to extract all acyl lipid classes.
With the method presented here all fatty acids present in microalgae can be accurately and reproducibly identified and quantified using small amounts of sample (5 mg) independent of their chain length, degree of unsaturation, or the lipid class they are part of.
This method does not provide information about the relative abundance of different lipid classes, but can be extended to separate lipid classes from each other.
The method is based on a sequence of mechanical cell disruption, solvent based lipid extraction, transesterification of fatty acids to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), and quantification and identification of FAMEs using gas chromatography (GC-FID). A TAG internal standard (tripentadecanoin) is added prior to the analytical procedure to correct for losses during extraction and incomplete transesterification.

A method for the determination of fatty acid content and composition in microalgae based on mechanical cell disruption, solvent based lipid extraction, transesterification, and quantification and identification of fatty acids using gas chromatography is described. A tripentadecanoin internal standard is used to compensate for the possible losses during extraction and incomplete transesterification.

微細藻類中の脂肪酸含量および組成の分析

A method to determine the content and composition of total fatty acids present in microalgae is described. Fatty acids are a major constituent of ...

環境学

Comparison of Scale in a Photosynthetic Reactor System for Algal Remediation of Wastewater

An experimental methodology is presented to compare the performance of two different sized reactors designed for wastewater treatment. In this study, ammonia removal, nitrogen removal and algal growth are compared over an 8-week period in paired sets of small (100 L) and large (1,000 L) reactors designed for algal remediation of landfill wastewater. Contents of the small and large scale reactors were mixed before the beginning of each weekly testing interval to maintain equivalent initial conditions across the two scales. System characteristics, including surface area to volume ratio, retention time, biomass density, and wastewater feed concentrations, can be adjusted to better equalize conditions occurring at both scales. During the short 8-week representative time period, starting ammonia and total nitrogen concentrations ranged from 3.1-14 mg NH3-N/L, and 8.1-20.1 mg N/L, respectively. The performance of the treatment system was evaluated based on its ability to remove ammonia and total nitrogen and to produce algal biomass. Mean &#177; standard deviation of ammonia removal, total nitrogen removal and biomass growth rates were 0.95&#177;0.3 mg NH3-N/L/day, 0.89&#177;0.3 mg N/L/day, and 0.02&#177;0.03 g biomass/L/day, respectively. All vessels showed a positive relationship between the initial ammonia concentration and ammonia removal rate (R2=0.76). Comparison of process efficiencies and production values measured in reactors of different scale may be useful in determining if lab-scale experimental data is appropriate for prediction of commercial-scale production values.

An experimental methodology is presented to compare the performance of small (100 L) and large (1,000 L) scale reactors designed for algae remediation of landfill wastewater. System characteristics, including surface area to volume ratio, retention time, biomass density, and wastewater feed concentrations, can be adjusted based on application.

排水の藻類の修復のための光合成反応器システムにおけるスケールの比較

An experimental methodology is presented to compare the performance of two different sized reactors designed for wastewater treatment. In this study, ...

Cultivation of Green Microalgae in Bubble Column Photobioreactors and an Assay for Neutral Lipids

There is significant interest in the study of microalgae for engineering applications such as the production of biofuels, high value products, and for the treatment of wastes. As most new research efforts begin at laboratory scale, there is a need for cost-effective methods for culturing microalgae in a reproducible manner. Here, we communicate an effective approach to culture microalgae in laboratory-scale photobioreactors, and to measure the growth and neutral lipid content of that algae. Instructions are also included on how to set up the photobioreactor system. Although the example organisms are species of Chlorella and Auxenochlorella, this system can be adapted to cultivate a wide range of microalgae, including co-cultures of algae with non-algae species. Stock cultures are first grown in bottles to produce inoculum for the photobioreactor system. Algae inoculum is concentrated and transferred to photobioreactors for cultivation in batch mode. Samples are collected daily for the optical density readings. At the end of the batch culture, cells are harvested by centrifuge, washed, and freeze dried to obtain a final dry weight concentration. The final dry weight concentration is used to create a correlation between the optical density and the dry weight concentration. A modified Folch method is subsequently used to extract total lipids from the freeze-dried biomass and the extract is assayed for its neutral lipid content using a microplate assay. This assay has been published previously but protocol steps were included here to highlight critical steps in the procedure where errors frequently occur. The bioreactor system described here fills a niche between simple flask cultivation and fully-controlled commercial bioreactors. Even with only 3-4 biological replicates per treatment, our approach to culturing algae leads to tight standard deviations in the growth and lipid assays.

Here, we present a protocol to construct lab-scale bubble column photobioreactors and use them to culture microalgae. It also provides a method for the determination of the culture growth rate and neutral lipid content.

中性脂質のバブル列フォトバイオリアクターとアッセイで緑の微細藻類の栽培

There is significant interest in the study of microalgae for engineering applications such as the production of biofuels, high value products, and for the ...

Microalgae Cultivation and Biomass Quantification in a Bench-Scale Photobioreactor with Corrosive Flue Gases

Photobioreactors are illuminated cultivation systems for experiments on phototrophic microorganisms. These systems provide a sterile environment for microalgal cultivation with temperature, pH, and gas composition and flow rate control. At bench-scale, photobioreactors are advantageous to researchers studying microalgal properties, productivity, and growth optimization. At industrial scales, photobioreactors can maintain product purity and improve production efficiency. The video describes the preparation and use of a bench-scale photobioreactor for microalgal cultivation, including the safe use of corrosive gas inputs, and details relevant biomass measurements and biomass productivity calculations. Specifically, the video illustrates microalgal culture storage and preparation for inoculation, photobioreactor assembly and sterilization, biomass concentration measurements, and a logistic model for microalgal biomass productivity with rate calculations including maximum and overall biomass productivities. Additionally, since there is growing interest in experiments to cultivate microalgae using simulated or real waste gas emissions, the video will cover the photobioreactor equipment adaptations necessary to work with corrosive gases and discuss safe sampling in such scenarios.

Bench-scale, axenic cultivation facilitates microalgal characterization and productivity optimization before subsequent process scale-up. Photobioreactors provide the necessary control for reliable and reproducible microalgal experiments and can be adapted to safely cultivate microalgae with the corrosive gases (CO2, SO2, NO2) from municipal or industrial combustion emissions.

腐食性煙道ガスを用いたベンチスケール光バイオリアクターにおける微細藻類栽培とバイオマス定量

Photobioreactors are illuminated cultivation systems for experiments on phototrophic microorganisms. These systems provide a sterile environment for ...

A Small-Scale Setup for Algal Toxicity Testing of Nanomaterials and Other Difficult Substances

Ecotoxicity data is a requirement for pre- and post-market registration of chemicals by European and international regulations (e.g., REACH). The algal toxicity test is frequently used in regulatory risk assessment of chemicals. In order to achieve high reliability and reproducibility the development of standardized guidelines is vital. For algal toxicity testing, the guidelines require stable and uniform conditions of parameters such as pH, temperature, carbon dioxide levels and light intensity. Nanomaterials and other so-called difficult substances can interfere with light causing a large variation in results obtained hampering their regulatory acceptance. To address these challenges, we have developed LEVITATT (LED Vertical Illumination Table for Algal Toxicity Tests). The setup utilizes LED illumination from below allowing for a homogenous light distribution and temperature control while also minimizing intra-sample shading. The setup optimizes the sample volume for biomass quantification and does at the same time ensure a sufficient influx of CO2 to support exponential growth of the algae. Additionally, the material of the test containers can be tailored to minimize adsorption and volatilization. When testing colored substances or particle suspensions, the use of LED lights also allows for increasing the light intensity without additional heat generation. The compact design and minimal equipment requirements increase the possibilities for implementation of the LEVITATT in a wide range of laboratories. While compliant with standardized ISO and OECD guidelines for algal toxicity testing, LEVITATT also showed a lower inter-sample variability for two reference substances (3,5-Dicholorophenol and K2Cr2O7) and three nanomaterials (ZnO, CeO2, and BaSO4) compared to Erlenmeyer flasks and microtiter plates.

We demonstrate algal toxicity testing for difficult substances (e.g., colored substances or nanomaterials) using a setup illuminated vertically with an LED.

ナノ材料やその他の難しい物質の藻類毒性試験のための小規模なセットアップ

Ecotoxicity data is a requirement for pre- and post-market registration of chemicals by European and international regulations (e.g., REACH). The algal ...

Coupling Carbon Capture from a Power Plant with Semi-automated Open Raceway Ponds for Microalgae Cultivation

In the United States, 35% of the total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions come from the electrical power industry, of which 30% represent natural gas electricity generation. Microalgae can biofix CO2 10 to 15 times faster than plants and convert algal biomass to products of interest, such as biofuels. Thus, this study presents a protocol that demonstrates the potential synergies of microalgae cultivation with a natural gas power plant situated in the southwestern United States in a hot semi-arid climate. State-of-the-art technologies are used to enhance carbon capture and utilization via the green algal species Chlorella sorokiniana, which can be further processed into biofuel. We describe a protocol involving a semi-automated open raceway pond and discuss the results of its performance when it was tested at the Tucson Electric Power plant, in Tucson, Arizona. Flue gas was used as the main carbon source to control pH, and Chlorella sorokiniana was cultivated. An optimized medium was used to grow the algae. The amount of CO2 added to the system as a function of time was closely monitored. Additionally, other physicochemical factors affecting algal growth rate, biomass productivity, and carbon fixation were monitored, including optical density, dissolved oxygen (DO), electroconductivity (EC), and air and pond temperatures. The results indicate that a microalgae yield of up to 0.385 g/L ash-free dry weight is attainable, with a lipid content of 24%. Leveraging synergistic opportunities between CO2 emitters and algal farmers can provide the resources required to increase carbon capture while supporting the sustainable production of algal biofuels and bioproducts.

A protocol is described to utilize the carbon dioxide in natural gas power plant flue gas to cultivate microalgae in open raceway ponds. Flue gas injection is controlled with a pH sensor, and microalgae growth is monitored with real time measurements of optical density.

発電所からの炭素回収と微細藻類栽培用の半自動オープンレースウェイ池の結合

In the United States, 35% of the total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions come from the electrical power industry, of which 30% represent natural gas ...

豚排泄物バイオガスからのバイオメタン取得のための微細藻類培養

Biogas Purification through the use of a Microalgae-Bacterial System in Semi-Industrial High Rate Algal Ponds

In recent years, a number of technologies have emerged to purify biogas into biomethane. This purification entails a reduction in the concentration of polluting gases such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide to increase the content of methane. In this study, we used a microalgal cultivation technology to treat and purify biogas produced from organic waste from the swine industry to obtain ready-to-use biomethane. For cultivation and purification, two 22.2 m3 open-pond photobioreactors coupled with an absorption-desorption column system were set up in San Juan de los Lagos, Mexico. Several recirculation liquid/biogas ratios (L/G) were tested to obtain the highest removal efficiencies; other parameters, such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, and biomass growth, were measured. The most efficient L/Gs were 1.6 and 2.5, resulting in a treated biogas effluent with a composition of 6.8%vol and 6.6%vol in CO2, respectively, and removal efficiencies for H2S up to 98.9%, as well as maintaining O2 contamination values of less than 2%vol. We found that pH greatly determines CO2 removal, more so than L/G, during cultivation because of its participation in the photosynthetic process of microalgae and its ability to vary pH when solubilized due to its acidic nature. DO, and temperature oscillated as expected from the light-dark natural cycles of photosynthesis and the time of day, respectively. Biomass growth varied with CO2 and nutrient feeding as well as reactor harvesting; however, the trend remained primed for growth.

著者スポットライト:バイオメタン生産を強化するための微細藻類バイオテクノロジーのスケーリング 

Air pollution impacts the quality of life of all organisms. Here, we describe the use of microalgae biotechnology for the treatment of biogas (simultaneous removal of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide) and the production of biomethane through semi-industrial open high-rate algal ponds and subsequent analysis of treatment efficiency, pH, dissolved oxygen, and microalgae growth.

準工業用高速藻類池における微細藻類-バクテリアシステムを用いたバイオガス精製

In recent years, a number of technologies have emerged to purify biogas into biomethane. This purification entails a reduction in the concentration of ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>成長因子の最適化による微細藻類のクロロフィル生産の促進

Evaluation of the Effect of Growth Factors on Chlorophylls a and b Production from Microalgae

Microalgae contain two main groups of pigments: chlorophylls and carotenoids. Chlorophyll is a green pigment that absorbs light energy and transforms it into chemical energy to facilitate the synthesis of organic compounds. This pigment serves as a valuable primary source for biotechnological input products in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries due to its high antioxidant properties and coloring capabilities. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of growth factors (CO2 concentration, light color, and light intensity) through a Taguchi L4 experimental design on cell growth and the cellular content of chlorophyll a and b in Chlorella sorokiniana, followed by validation of the method using Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae as an additional study model. Cell growth was quantified using the optical density spectrophotometric technique at a wavelength of 550 nm. For the quantification of chlorophylls, a cell extract was obtained using a 90% pure acetone solution, and subsequently, the concentrations of chlorophylls a and b were quantified using spectrophotometric techniques at wavelengths of 647 nm and 664 nm, according to the method described by Jeffrey and Humphrey. The experimental results indicated that controlling conditions of low CO2 addition, purple light, and low light intensity increases both cell growth and the concentration of chlorophylls a and b within the cells. The implementation of this chlorophyll quantification method allows for quick, simple, and precise determination of chlorophyll content, as the wavelengths used are at the absorbance peaks of both types of chlorophylls, making this technique easily reproducible for any microalgae under study.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>著者スポットライト:バイオテクノロジー関連二次代謝産物の生産のための成長因子の最適化

The present study highlights the advantages of employing the method developed by Jeffrey and Humphrey for extracting and quantifying fat-soluble pigments from microalgae. This method serves as a valuable tool for assessing the influence of growth factors on chlorophyll production and cellular content in these organisms.

微細藻類からのクロロフィル a および b 産生に及ぼす成長因子の影響評価

Microalgae contain two main groups of pigments: chlorophylls and carotenoids. Chlorophyll is a green pigment that absorbs light energy and transforms it ...

重金属や微細藻類の生産性に関するその他の無機汚染物質の定量

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微細藻類中の脂肪酸含量および組成の分析

排水の藻類の修復のための光合成反応器システムにおけるスケールの比較

中性脂質のバブル列フォトバイオリアクターとアッセイで緑の微細藻類の栽培

腐食性煙道ガスを用いたベンチスケール光バイオリアクターにおける微細藻類栽培とバイオマス定量

ナノ材料やその他の難しい物質の藻類毒性試験のための小規模なセットアップ

発電所からの炭素回収と微細藻類栽培用の半自動オープンレースウェイ池の結合

準工業用高速藻類池における微細藻類-バクテリアシステムを用いたバイオガス精製

準工業用高速藻類池における微細藻類-バクテリアシステムを用いたバイオガス精製

準工業用高速藻類池における微細藻類-バクテリアシステムを用いたバイオガス精製

微細藻類からのクロロフィル a および b 産生に及ぼす成長因子の影響評価