The authors would like to acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation (award # 1335550), Utah Water Research Laboratory, Professor Joan McLean and Tessa Guy for their help during the metal/metalloids analysis. The authors also thank Laura Birkhold for her support with the data collection and Danna Olbright.

<ol>
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The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

Tuzlu mikroalg N. salina başarıyla tekrarlanabilir sonuçlar ve yüksek biyokütle verimleri ile tasarlanmış büyüme sisteminde yetiştirilen olabilir. Hava İkmal 7 gün büyüme dönemleri boyunca en az hesaplaşmanın veya biyolojik kirliliğe ile iyi karma askıya kültür için izin karıştırma. Floresan ışık banka genelinde minimum ışık değişkenliği de büyüme fark farklılıkları üretmek değil gösterilmektedir. Çalışma ağır metal kömür baca gazı o...

Geleneksel karasal bitkileri ile karşılaştırıldığında mikroalg doğasında daha yüksek güneş dönüşüm verimliliği 1,2 nedeniyle daha yüksek bir biyokütle ve lipit verimi elde etmek için gösterilmiştir. Yüksek verimlilik oranları microalglerin Yetiştirme harici karbon kaynağı dahil olmak üzere çeşitli besin kaynağı gerektirir. Bu büyük ölçekli büyümesi tesisleri üretim maliyetlerini en aza indirmek için bu tür endüstriyel baca gazı gibi endüstriyel atık akımlarının ile entegre ve aynı zamanda, çevre iyileştirme sağlayabilir olması beklenmektedir. Endüstriyel atık karbon gaz karbondioksit şeklinde tipik ve olumsuz mikroalg üretimi etkileme potansiyeline sahip kirleticiler içerebilir. Spesifik olarak, kömürden türetilmiş baca gazı da dahil olmak üzere kirletici maddelerin çeşitli ancak yanma ürünleri, su ve karbon dioksit gibi sülfür ve nitrojen, ince toz, örneğin dioksin ve furanlar gibi organik kirletici oksitleri ve inorganik con bunlarla sınırlı değildirağır metaller gibi kirleticileri. microalgae verimlilik üzerindeki ağır metaller olarak bilinen bazıları ile inorganiklerin dahil olmak üzere bu kirleticilerin çoğunluğunun etkisi araştırılmış değil. Bu unsurların bazıları, uygun konsantrasyonlarda besin olabilir ancak yüksek konsantrasyonlarda onlar hücre disfonksiyonu ve hatta ölüme 3. üretebilir. Endüstriyel baca gazıyla mikroalg entegrasyonu doğrudan büyüme ortamı içine inorganik kirletici maddeleri tanıtmak için potansiyele sahiptir. Kömür göre baca gazı, inorganik elementler (örneğin, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, V ve Zn, As) bazıları, düşük çeşitli konsantrasyonlarda bir çeşitlilik vardır konsantrasyon, mikroalg büyümesi için besin temsil etmektedir. İnorganik kirletici yüksek afiniteli bir mikroalg bağlamak için ve daha fazla besin maddesi taşıyıcıları aracılığıyla dahili emdirilebilecek sahiptir. Bazı inorganik kirletici maddeler (örneğin, Co, Cu, Zn, Mn) içeren enzim parçası besin olanfotosentez, solunum ve diğer fonksiyonlar 3,4 d. Ancak, aşırı metal ve metaloidlerin toksik olabilir. Böyle Pb, Cd, Sn, Sb, Se, As ve Hg gibi diğer unsurlar, herhangi bir konsantrasyonda hücre fonksiyonunu desteklemesi ve olumsuz kültür büyüme 3,5,6 etkileyebilecek olmayan besin metalleri temsil etmek bilinmemektedir. Bu kirletici maddelerin herhangi birinin mevcudiyeti mikroalg hücre fonksiyonu üzerinde olumsuz etkileri üretme potansiyeline sahiptir. Ayrıca, mikroalg ile birden çok metal etkileşimi büyüme dinamiği karmaşık hale getirmekte ve bir büyüme etkisi potansiyeline sahiptir. Büyük ölçekli ekonomi doğrudan yetiştirme sisteminin 7-19 verimlilik bağlantılı olmuştur. Bu kütlenin 99.9 ve% 99.4&#39;ünü, sırasıyla 20 temsil Dahası, açık kanal havuzlarda (ORP) veya fotobiyoreaktörler biri için mikroalg büyüme sistemi (PBR) orta geri dönüşüm önemlidir. medyada inorganik kirleticilerin varlığı sonuçta m sınırlayabiliricroalgae verimlilik nedeniyle kirletici birikmesi Medyanın geri dönüşüm. Bu çalışma deneysel, (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, V ve Zn, As) mikroalg yetiştirme sistemlerinin entegrasyonu beklenen konsantrasyonlarda 14 inorganik kirleticilerin etkisini tespit Kömür N. üretkenliğine, baca gazı kaynaklı olan salina airlift PBRs yetişmektedir. Bu çalışmada kullanılan kirletici maddeler yalnızca kömür bazlı baca gazı, ancak belediye atık göre baca gazı, biyolojik katı maddeler bazlı baca gazı, belediye atık su, üretilen suyun, bozulmuş yeraltı suyu ve deniz 21-23 mevcut vermeye gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışmada kullanılan konsantrasyonlar mikroalg büyüme sistemleri ticari PBR sistemleri 20 gösterildiği, bir alım verimle bir kömür bazlı CO2 kaynağı ile entegre takdirde beklenebilecek olana dayanmaktadır. Ağır metaller ve inorganik kirleticilerin konsantrasyonlarının destekleyen detaylı hesaplamalar Napan sunulmuşturve ark., 24 analitik teknikler biyokütle, medya ve ortamda metallerin çoğu dağılımını anlamak için kullanıldı. sunulan yöntemler inorganik kirletici stres ve bitiş kader miktarının altında microalglerin verimlilik potansiyelinin değerlendirilmesini sağladı.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Chemicals</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium chloride</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>S271-3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Calcium chloride dihydrate</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>C79-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Potassium chloride</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>P217-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium meta silicate nonahydrate&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>S408-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>M63-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Potassium nitrate</td><td>EMD Chemical</td><td>PX1520-5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Potassium phosphate monobasic&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>P285-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ammonium ferric citrate</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>I72-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Boric acid</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>A73-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium molybdate, dihydrate</td><td>EMD Chemical</td><td>SX0650-2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Manganese chloride tetrahydrate</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>M87-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Zinc sulfate heptahydrate</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>Z68-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cupric sulfate pentahydrate</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>C489-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Biotin&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Acros Organics</td><td>230090010</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Thiamine&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Acros Organics</td><td>148990100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vitamin B12&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Acros Organics</td><td>405920010</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Copper (II) chloride dihydrate&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>221783-100G</td><td>Irritant, Dangerous to the Environment</td></tr><tr><td>Lead (II) chloride&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>268690-250G</td><td>Toxic, Dangerous to the Environment</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium dichromate dihydrate&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>398063-100G</td><td>Oxidizing, Highly Toxic, Dangerous to the Environment</td></tr><tr><td>Cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>255599-100G</td><td>Toxic, Dangerous to the Environment</td></tr><tr><td>Nickel (II) chloride hexahydrate&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>223387-500G</td><td>Toxic, Dangerous to the Environment</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium (meta) arsenite&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>71287</td><td>Toxic, Dangerous to the Environment</td></tr><tr><td>Cadmium chloride&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>202908-10G</td><td>Highly Toxic, Dangerous to the Environment</td></tr><tr><td>Mercury (II) chloride&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>215465-100G</td><td>Toxic, Dangerous to the Environment</td></tr><tr><td>Tin (II) chloride dihydrate</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>T142-500</td><td>Corrosive. Suitable for Hg analysis. Very hazardous.</td></tr><tr><td>Manganese chloride tetrahydrate</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>M87-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vanadium (V) oxide</td><td>Acros Organics</td><td>206422500</td><td>Dangerous to the Environment</td></tr><tr><td>Carbon dioxide&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Air Liquide</td><td>I2301S-1</td><td>Compressed</td></tr><tr><td>Hydrogen peroxide</td><td>H325-500</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>30% in water</td></tr><tr><td>ICP-MS standard</td><td>ICP-MS-6020</td><td>High Purity Standards</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mercury standard</td><td>CGHG1-1</td><td>Inorganic Ventures</td><td>1000&amp;plusmn;6 &amp;micro;g/mL in 5% nitric acid</td></tr><tr><td>Argon</td><td>Air Liquide</td><td></td><td>Compressed</td></tr><tr><td>Helium</td><td>Air Liquide</td><td></td><td>Compressed, ultra high purity</td></tr><tr><td>Hydrogen</td><td>Air Liquide</td><td></td><td>Compressed, ultra high purity</td></tr><tr><td>Nitric acid</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>A509-P212</td><td>67-70% nitric acid, trace metal grade. Caution: manipulate under fume hood.</td></tr><tr><td>Hydrochloric acid</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>A508-P212</td><td>35% hydrochloric acid, trace metal grade. Caution: manipulate under fume hood.</td></tr><tr><td>Equipment</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scientific prevacuum sterilizer</td><td>Steris</td><td>31626A</td><td>SV-120</td></tr><tr><td>Centrifuge</td><td>Thermo Fisher</td><td>46910</td><td>RC-6 Plus</td></tr><tr><td>Spectrophotometer</td><td>Shimadzu</td><td>1867</td><td>UV-1800</td></tr><tr><td>pH controller</td><td>Hanna</td><td>BL981411</td><td>X4</td></tr><tr><td>Rotometer, X5</td><td>Dwyer</td><td>RMA-151-SSV</td><td>T31Y</td></tr><tr><td>Rotometer, X5</td><td>Dwyer</td><td>RMA-26-SSV</td><td>T35Y</td></tr><tr><td>Water bath circulator</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>13-873-45A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Compact chiller</td><td>VWR</td><td>13270-120</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Freeze dryer</td><td>Labconco</td><td>7752020</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stir plate</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>11-100-49S</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>pH lab electrode</td><td>Phidgets Inc</td><td>3550</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer</td><td>Agilent Technologies</td><td>7700 Series ICP-MS</td><td>Attached to autosampler CETAC ASX-520</td></tr><tr><td>FIAS 100</td><td>Perkin Elmer Instruments</td><td>B0506520</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Atomic absorption spectrometer</td><td>Perkin Elmer Instruments</td><td>AAnalyst 800</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cell heater (quartz)</td><td>Perkin Elmer Instruments</td><td>B3120397</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microwave</td><td>Milestone</td><td></td><td>Programmable, maximum power 1,200 W</td></tr><tr><td>Microwave rotor</td><td>Milestone</td><td></td><td>Rotor with 24-75 ml Teflon vessels for closed-vessel microwave assisted digestion.</td></tr><tr><td>Materials</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.2 &amp;#956;m syringe filter</td><td>Whatman</td><td>6713-0425</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.2 &amp;#956;m syringe filter</td><td>Whatman</td><td>6713-1650</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.45 &amp;#956;m syringe filter</td><td>Thermo Fisher</td><td>F2500-3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Polystyrene tubes</td><td>Evergreen</td><td>222-2094-050</td><td>17 x 100 mm w/cap, 16 ml, polysteryne</td></tr><tr><td>Octogonal magnetic&amp;nbsp;stir&amp;nbsp;bars</td><td>Fisher scientific</td><td>14-513-60</td><td>Magnets encased in PTFE fluoropolymer</td></tr></tbody></table>

quantification of heavy metals and other inorganic contaminants on the productivity of microalgae

Yenilenebilir yakıtlar için artan talebi gibi mikroalglerin gibi alternatif feedstocks, fizibilite araştıran araştırmacılar vardır. Kalıtsal avantajlar atık akışları ile potansiyeli yüksek verim olmayan ekilebilir arazi kullanımı ve entegrasyonu yer alıyor. büyük ölçekli mikroalg üretim sisteminin besin gereksinimleri gibi baca gazı ve atık sudan besin karbon dioksit gibi endüstriyel atık kaynakları, yetiştirme sistemleri kaplini gerektirecektir. Bu atıkların mevcut inorganik kirleticiler potansiyel olumsuz verimlilik ve sınırlayıcı uç kullanımını etkileyen mikroalg biyokütle biyolojik birikme yol açabilir. Bu çalışma etkisi deneysel değerlendirilmesi ve Nannochloropsis salina büyüme üzerinde 14 inorganik kirleticiler (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, V ve Zn) kaderi üzerinde duruluyor . Mikroalgler büyüme m pH 7&#39;de 984 ľmol m -2 sn ışıklı fotobiyoreaktörler yetiştirilen -1 ve muhafaza edildiseviyelerde inorganik kirleticiler ile kirlenmiş edia ticari kömür baca gazı sistemlerinde bulunan bileşimine dayalı beklenen. Biyokütle ve 7 gün büyüme dönemi sonunda ortamda bulunan kirleticiler analitik, Hg ve As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni için indüktif eşleşmiş plazma kütle spektrometresi sayesinde soğuk buhar atomik absorpsiyon spektrometresi ile ölçüldü Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, V ve Zn&#39;den en. Sonuçlar N. göstermek salina bu kirleticilerin giriş yieldwith biyokütlesindeki istatistiksel azalma ile çoklu metal çevreye duyarlı bir türdür. Burada sunulan teknikler alg büyümesini miktarının ve inorganik kirleticilerin kaderini belirlemek için yeterli.

Biyokütle verimleri N. üretimi salina Bu çalışmada kullanılan PBR sistemi içinde 8.5, 1 g / L-1 ila ± 0.19 g / L-1 (n = 12), kontrol reaktörleri ve 4.0 ± 0.3 g / L-1 (n = 12) büyümüştür Çoklu metal 7 gün içinde kirlenmiş. Deneyler üçlü reaktörler ve çoklu toplu genelinde tekrarlanabilir veriler üretti. Şekil 2A üç bağımsız PBRs numune dayalı çok küçük standart hata ile ortalama kültür yo...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Quantification of Heavy Metals and Other Inorganic Contaminants on the Productivity of Microalgae at JoVE.com

Quantification of Heavy Metals and Other Inorganic Contaminants on the Productivity of Microalgae

Integration of microalgal cultivation with industrial flue gas will ultimately introduce heavy metals and other inorganic compounds into the growth media. This study presents a procedure used to determine the end fate and impact of heavy metals and inorganic contaminants on the growth of Nannochloropsis salina grown in photobioreactors.

Ağır Metal ve Mikroalglerden Verimlilik Diğer İnorganik Bulaşanlar Kantitasyonu

Increasing demand for renewable fuels has researchers investigating the feasibility of alternative feedstocks, such as microalgae. Inherent advantages ...

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Environment

15.9K Görüntüleme.  Utah State University. Integration of microalgal cultivation with industrial flue gas will ultimately introduce heavy metals and other inorganic compounds into the growth media. This study presents a procedure used to determine the end fate and impact of heavy metals and inorganic contaminants on the growth of Nannochloropsis salina grown in photobioreactors.

Video: Quantification of Heavy Metals and Other Inorganic Contaminants on the Productivity of Microalgae

Analysis of Fatty Acid Content and Composition in Microalgae

A method to determine the content and composition of total fatty acids present in microalgae is described. Fatty acids are a major constituent of microalgal biomass. These fatty acids can be present in different acyl-lipid classes. Especially the fatty acids present in triacylglycerol (TAG) are of commercial interest, because they can be used for production of transportation fuels, bulk chemicals, nutraceuticals (&omega;-3 fatty acids), and food commodities. To develop commercial applications, reliable analytical methods for quantification of fatty acid content and composition are needed. Microalgae are single cells surrounded by a rigid cell wall. A fatty acid analysis method should provide sufficient cell disruption to liberate all acyl lipids and the extraction procedure used should be able to extract all acyl lipid classes.
With the method presented here all fatty acids present in microalgae can be accurately and reproducibly identified and quantified using small amounts of sample (5 mg) independent of their chain length, degree of unsaturation, or the lipid class they are part of.
This method does not provide information about the relative abundance of different lipid classes, but can be extended to separate lipid classes from each other.
The method is based on a sequence of mechanical cell disruption, solvent based lipid extraction, transesterification of fatty acids to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), and quantification and identification of FAMEs using gas chromatography (GC-FID). A TAG internal standard (tripentadecanoin) is added prior to the analytical procedure to correct for losses during extraction and incomplete transesterification.

A method for the determination of fatty acid content and composition in microalgae based on mechanical cell disruption, solvent based lipid extraction, transesterification, and quantification and identification of fatty acids using gas chromatography is described. A tripentadecanoin internal standard is used to compensate for the possible losses during extraction and incomplete transesterification.

Mikroalglerden yağlı asit içeriği ve bileşimi analizi

A method to determine the content and composition of total fatty acids present in microalgae is described. Fatty acids are a major constituent of ...

Çevre

Comparison of Scale in a Photosynthetic Reactor System for Algal Remediation of Wastewater

An experimental methodology is presented to compare the performance of two different sized reactors designed for wastewater treatment. In this study, ammonia removal, nitrogen removal and algal growth are compared over an 8-week period in paired sets of small (100 L) and large (1,000 L) reactors designed for algal remediation of landfill wastewater. Contents of the small and large scale reactors were mixed before the beginning of each weekly testing interval to maintain equivalent initial conditions across the two scales. System characteristics, including surface area to volume ratio, retention time, biomass density, and wastewater feed concentrations, can be adjusted to better equalize conditions occurring at both scales. During the short 8-week representative time period, starting ammonia and total nitrogen concentrations ranged from 3.1-14 mg NH3-N/L, and 8.1-20.1 mg N/L, respectively. The performance of the treatment system was evaluated based on its ability to remove ammonia and total nitrogen and to produce algal biomass. Mean &#177; standard deviation of ammonia removal, total nitrogen removal and biomass growth rates were 0.95&#177;0.3 mg NH3-N/L/day, 0.89&#177;0.3 mg N/L/day, and 0.02&#177;0.03 g biomass/L/day, respectively. All vessels showed a positive relationship between the initial ammonia concentration and ammonia removal rate (R2=0.76). Comparison of process efficiencies and production values measured in reactors of different scale may be useful in determining if lab-scale experimental data is appropriate for prediction of commercial-scale production values.

An experimental methodology is presented to compare the performance of small (100 L) and large (1,000 L) scale reactors designed for algae remediation of landfill wastewater. System characteristics, including surface area to volume ratio, retention time, biomass density, and wastewater feed concentrations, can be adjusted based on application.

Atıksu Alg İyileştirme için Fotosentetik Reaktör Sistemde Ölçeği Karşılaştırılması

An experimental methodology is presented to compare the performance of two different sized reactors designed for wastewater treatment. In this study, ...

Cultivation of Green Microalgae in Bubble Column Photobioreactors and an Assay for Neutral Lipids

There is significant interest in the study of microalgae for engineering applications such as the production of biofuels, high value products, and for the treatment of wastes. As most new research efforts begin at laboratory scale, there is a need for cost-effective methods for culturing microalgae in a reproducible manner. Here, we communicate an effective approach to culture microalgae in laboratory-scale photobioreactors, and to measure the growth and neutral lipid content of that algae. Instructions are also included on how to set up the photobioreactor system. Although the example organisms are species of Chlorella and Auxenochlorella, this system can be adapted to cultivate a wide range of microalgae, including co-cultures of algae with non-algae species. Stock cultures are first grown in bottles to produce inoculum for the photobioreactor system. Algae inoculum is concentrated and transferred to photobioreactors for cultivation in batch mode. Samples are collected daily for the optical density readings. At the end of the batch culture, cells are harvested by centrifuge, washed, and freeze dried to obtain a final dry weight concentration. The final dry weight concentration is used to create a correlation between the optical density and the dry weight concentration. A modified Folch method is subsequently used to extract total lipids from the freeze-dried biomass and the extract is assayed for its neutral lipid content using a microplate assay. This assay has been published previously but protocol steps were included here to highlight critical steps in the procedure where errors frequently occur. The bioreactor system described here fills a niche between simple flask cultivation and fully-controlled commercial bioreactors. Even with only 3-4 biological replicates per treatment, our approach to culturing algae leads to tight standard deviations in the growth and lipid assays.

Here, we present a protocol to construct lab-scale bubble column photobioreactors and use them to culture microalgae. It also provides a method for the determination of the culture growth rate and neutral lipid content.

Kabarcık sütun Photobioreactors ve bir tahlil yeşil mikroalg ekimi için nötr lipitler

There is significant interest in the study of microalgae for engineering applications such as the production of biofuels, high value products, and for the ...

Microalgae Cultivation and Biomass Quantification in a Bench-Scale Photobioreactor with Corrosive Flue Gases

Photobioreactors are illuminated cultivation systems for experiments on phototrophic microorganisms. These systems provide a sterile environment for microalgal cultivation with temperature, pH, and gas composition and flow rate control. At bench-scale, photobioreactors are advantageous to researchers studying microalgal properties, productivity, and growth optimization. At industrial scales, photobioreactors can maintain product purity and improve production efficiency. The video describes the preparation and use of a bench-scale photobioreactor for microalgal cultivation, including the safe use of corrosive gas inputs, and details relevant biomass measurements and biomass productivity calculations. Specifically, the video illustrates microalgal culture storage and preparation for inoculation, photobioreactor assembly and sterilization, biomass concentration measurements, and a logistic model for microalgal biomass productivity with rate calculations including maximum and overall biomass productivities. Additionally, since there is growing interest in experiments to cultivate microalgae using simulated or real waste gas emissions, the video will cover the photobioreactor equipment adaptations necessary to work with corrosive gases and discuss safe sampling in such scenarios.

Bench-scale, axenic cultivation facilitates microalgal characterization and productivity optimization before subsequent process scale-up. Photobioreactors provide the necessary control for reliable and reproducible microalgal experiments and can be adapted to safely cultivate microalgae with the corrosive gases (CO2, SO2, NO2) from municipal or industrial combustion emissions.

Korozif Baca Gazlı Tezgah Ölçekli Fotobiyoreaktörde Mikroalg Ekimi ve Biyokütle Kantifikasyonu

Photobioreactors are illuminated cultivation systems for experiments on phototrophic microorganisms. These systems provide a sterile environment for ...

A Small-Scale Setup for Algal Toxicity Testing of Nanomaterials and Other Difficult Substances

Ecotoxicity data is a requirement for pre- and post-market registration of chemicals by European and international regulations (e.g., REACH). The algal toxicity test is frequently used in regulatory risk assessment of chemicals. In order to achieve high reliability and reproducibility the development of standardized guidelines is vital. For algal toxicity testing, the guidelines require stable and uniform conditions of parameters such as pH, temperature, carbon dioxide levels and light intensity. Nanomaterials and other so-called difficult substances can interfere with light causing a large variation in results obtained hampering their regulatory acceptance. To address these challenges, we have developed LEVITATT (LED Vertical Illumination Table for Algal Toxicity Tests). The setup utilizes LED illumination from below allowing for a homogenous light distribution and temperature control while also minimizing intra-sample shading. The setup optimizes the sample volume for biomass quantification and does at the same time ensure a sufficient influx of CO2 to support exponential growth of the algae. Additionally, the material of the test containers can be tailored to minimize adsorption and volatilization. When testing colored substances or particle suspensions, the use of LED lights also allows for increasing the light intensity without additional heat generation. The compact design and minimal equipment requirements increase the possibilities for implementation of the LEVITATT in a wide range of laboratories. While compliant with standardized ISO and OECD guidelines for algal toxicity testing, LEVITATT also showed a lower inter-sample variability for two reference substances (3,5-Dicholorophenol and K2Cr2O7) and three nanomaterials (ZnO, CeO2, and BaSO4) compared to Erlenmeyer flasks and microtiter plates.

We demonstrate algal toxicity testing for difficult substances (e.g., colored substances or nanomaterials) using a setup illuminated vertically with an LED.

Nanomalzemeler ve Diğer Zor Maddelerin Alg Toksisitesi Testi için Küçük Ölçekli Kurulum

Ecotoxicity data is a requirement for pre- and post-market registration of chemicals by European and international regulations (e.g., REACH). The algal ...

Coupling Carbon Capture from a Power Plant with Semi-automated Open Raceway Ponds for Microalgae Cultivation

In the United States, 35% of the total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions come from the electrical power industry, of which 30% represent natural gas electricity generation. Microalgae can biofix CO2 10 to 15 times faster than plants and convert algal biomass to products of interest, such as biofuels. Thus, this study presents a protocol that demonstrates the potential synergies of microalgae cultivation with a natural gas power plant situated in the southwestern United States in a hot semi-arid climate. State-of-the-art technologies are used to enhance carbon capture and utilization via the green algal species Chlorella sorokiniana, which can be further processed into biofuel. We describe a protocol involving a semi-automated open raceway pond and discuss the results of its performance when it was tested at the Tucson Electric Power plant, in Tucson, Arizona. Flue gas was used as the main carbon source to control pH, and Chlorella sorokiniana was cultivated. An optimized medium was used to grow the algae. The amount of CO2 added to the system as a function of time was closely monitored. Additionally, other physicochemical factors affecting algal growth rate, biomass productivity, and carbon fixation were monitored, including optical density, dissolved oxygen (DO), electroconductivity (EC), and air and pond temperatures. The results indicate that a microalgae yield of up to 0.385 g/L ash-free dry weight is attainable, with a lipid content of 24%. Leveraging synergistic opportunities between CO2 emitters and algal farmers can provide the resources required to increase carbon capture while supporting the sustainable production of algal biofuels and bioproducts.

A protocol is described to utilize the carbon dioxide in natural gas power plant flue gas to cultivate microalgae in open raceway ponds. Flue gas injection is controlled with a pH sensor, and microalgae growth is monitored with real time measurements of optical density.

Mikroalg Yetiştiriciliği için Yarı Otomatik Açık Yuvarlanma Yolu Göletleri ile Bir Enerji Santralinden Karbon Yakalama Birleştirme

In the United States, 35% of the total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions come from the electrical power industry, of which 30% represent natural gas ...

Domuz Atık Biyogazından Biyometan Elde Edilmesi için Mikroalg Yetiştiriciliği

Biogas Purification through the use of a Microalgae-Bacterial System in Semi-Industrial High Rate Algal Ponds

In recent years, a number of technologies have emerged to purify biogas into biomethane. This purification entails a reduction in the concentration of polluting gases such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide to increase the content of methane. In this study, we used a microalgal cultivation technology to treat and purify biogas produced from organic waste from the swine industry to obtain ready-to-use biomethane. For cultivation and purification, two 22.2 m3 open-pond photobioreactors coupled with an absorption-desorption column system were set up in San Juan de los Lagos, Mexico. Several recirculation liquid/biogas ratios (L/G) were tested to obtain the highest removal efficiencies; other parameters, such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, and biomass growth, were measured. The most efficient L/Gs were 1.6 and 2.5, resulting in a treated biogas effluent with a composition of 6.8%vol and 6.6%vol in CO2, respectively, and removal efficiencies for H2S up to 98.9%, as well as maintaining O2 contamination values of less than 2%vol. We found that pH greatly determines CO2 removal, more so than L/G, during cultivation because of its participation in the photosynthetic process of microalgae and its ability to vary pH when solubilized due to its acidic nature. DO, and temperature oscillated as expected from the light-dark natural cycles of photosynthesis and the time of day, respectively. Biomass growth varied with CO2 and nutrient feeding as well as reactor harvesting; however, the trend remained primed for growth.

Yazar Spotlight: Gelişmiş Biyometan Üretimi için Mikroalg Biyoteknolojisinin Ölçeklendirilmesi 

Air pollution impacts the quality of life of all organisms. Here, we describe the use of microalgae biotechnology for the treatment of biogas (simultaneous removal of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide) and the production of biomethane through semi-industrial open high-rate algal ponds and subsequent analysis of treatment efficiency, pH, dissolved oxygen, and microalgae growth.

Yarı Endüstriyel Yüksek Hızlı Alg Havuzlarında Mikroalg-Bakteri Sistemi Kullanılarak Biyogaz Saflaştırılması

In recent years, a number of technologies have emerged to purify biogas into biomethane. This purification entails a reduction in the concentration of ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Büyüme Faktörü Optimizasyonu ile Mikroalglerde Klorofil Üretiminin Artırılması

Evaluation of the Effect of Growth Factors on Chlorophylls a and b Production from Microalgae

Microalgae contain two main groups of pigments: chlorophylls and carotenoids. Chlorophyll is a green pigment that absorbs light energy and transforms it into chemical energy to facilitate the synthesis of organic compounds. This pigment serves as a valuable primary source for biotechnological input products in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries due to its high antioxidant properties and coloring capabilities. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of growth factors (CO2 concentration, light color, and light intensity) through a Taguchi L4 experimental design on cell growth and the cellular content of chlorophyll a and b in Chlorella sorokiniana, followed by validation of the method using Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae as an additional study model. Cell growth was quantified using the optical density spectrophotometric technique at a wavelength of 550 nm. For the quantification of chlorophylls, a cell extract was obtained using a 90% pure acetone solution, and subsequently, the concentrations of chlorophylls a and b were quantified using spectrophotometric techniques at wavelengths of 647 nm and 664 nm, according to the method described by Jeffrey and Humphrey. The experimental results indicated that controlling conditions of low CO2 addition, purple light, and low light intensity increases both cell growth and the concentration of chlorophylls a and b within the cells. The implementation of this chlorophyll quantification method allows for quick, simple, and precise determination of chlorophyll content, as the wavelengths used are at the absorbance peaks of both types of chlorophylls, making this technique easily reproducible for any microalgae under study.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Yazar Spot Işığı: Biyoteknolojik Olarak İlgili İkincil Metabolitlerin Üretimi için Büyüme Faktörlerinin Optimize Edilmesi

The present study highlights the advantages of employing the method developed by Jeffrey and Humphrey for extracting and quantifying fat-soluble pigments from microalgae. This method serves as a valuable tool for assessing the influence of growth factors on chlorophyll production and cellular content in these organisms.

Büyüme Faktörlerinin Mikroalglerden Klorofil a ve b Üretimi Üzerine Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi

Microalgae contain two main groups of pigments: chlorophylls and carotenoids. Chlorophyll is a green pigment that absorbs light energy and transforms it ...

Ağır Metal ve Mikroalglerden Verimlilik Diğer İnorganik Bulaşanlar Kantitasyonu

Özet

Daha Fazla Video Keşfet

Bu videodaki bölümler

Mikroalglerden yağlı asit içeriği ve bileşimi analizi

Atıksu Alg İyileştirme için Fotosentetik Reaktör Sistemde Ölçeği Karşılaştırılması

Kabarcık sütun Photobioreactors ve bir tahlil yeşil mikroalg ekimi için nötr lipitler

Korozif Baca Gazlı Tezgah Ölçekli Fotobiyoreaktörde Mikroalg Ekimi ve Biyokütle Kantifikasyonu

Nanomalzemeler ve Diğer Zor Maddelerin Alg Toksisitesi Testi için Küçük Ölçekli Kurulum

Mikroalg Yetiştiriciliği için Yarı Otomatik Açık Yuvarlanma Yolu Göletleri ile Bir Enerji Santralinden Karbon Yakalama Birleştirme

Yarı Endüstriyel Yüksek Hızlı Alg Havuzlarında Mikroalg-Bakteri Sistemi Kullanılarak Biyogaz Saflaştırılması

Yarı Endüstriyel Yüksek Hızlı Alg Havuzlarında Mikroalg-Bakteri Sistemi Kullanılarak Biyogaz Saflaştırılması

Yarı Endüstriyel Yüksek Hızlı Alg Havuzlarında Mikroalg-Bakteri Sistemi Kullanılarak Biyogaz Saflaştırılması

Büyüme Faktörlerinin Mikroalglerden Klorofil a ve b Üretimi Üzerine Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi