Name: tissue characterization after a new disaggregation method for skin micro-grafts generation
Uploaded: 2016-03-04T13:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 9 min 30 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Tissue Characterization after a New Disaggregation Method for Skin Micro-Grafts Generation at JoVE.com

著者らは、フローサイトメトリー分析を行う研究に貢献するためのおかげで博士フェデリカZanzotteraしたいです。

倫理文：プロトコルの臨床応用は、患者の皮膚自家組織の使用を必要とするため、in vitroでの特性評価が収穫に関する国家規則のガイドライン以下のエミリア・ロマーニャ地方のスキン銀行での相同皮膚組織に臨床使用の前に行われた、処理および移植のための組織（2013 CNT）を配布します。 臨床応用のための1.バイオコンプレックスビル注：このプロトコルは、臨床的にRigeneracons（組織破砕）とRigeneraマシン（組織破砕システム）（ 図1A）の使用に基づいています。組織破砕は、約50ミクロンのカットオフと六角形のブレードおよびフィルタリング細胞と細胞外マトリックスの成分により提供されるグリッドを使用して、組織の小片を破壊することができるヒト組織の生物医学的攪乱物質です。 <ol><li>双を通して患者のskinsamplesを収集opsyパンチ（ 図1B）とは、自己ミクロ移植片6,7,9を取得する毎に生理食塩液1mlを添加脱凝集（またはステップ2.1参照します）。 </li><li>臨床応用に使用する（ 図1C）toformバイオ複合コラーゲンスポンジにマイクログラフトの1ミリリットルを置きます。 </li><li>培養物を5％CO 2の加湿雰囲気中、37℃で10％ウシ胎児血清を補充したDMEM培地6mlの存在下でのコラーゲンスポンジの微小移植片のさらに1 mlです。 </li><li> 3日間の培養に続いて、室温で10分間、0.3％パラホルムアルデヒドでバイオ複合体を固定してください。サンプルの上に直接、特定のディスペンサーとパラフィンを注ぎます。厚さ5μmのミクロトームでスライスを取得し、スライドガラスに直接置きます。 </li><li> 20ミリリットルキシレン（市販 - - o-キシレン（65％）、p-キシレン（20％）、20％ - m-キシレン（40のミックス15を含む、組織学的分析のためにガラスに5ミクロンのパラフィン切片を浸し）とETH3分間、 - （20％6）、トルエン、トリメチルベンゼン、フェノール、チオフェン、ピリジンおよび硫化水素の痕跡）イルベンゼン。 </li><li>脱パラフィンし、次いで脱イオン水（1時間、1時間80％エタノール、70％エタノールで1時間のために1時間100％エタノール、95％エタノール）のエタノール減少等級内のスライス（100％〜70％）を浸しそして、セクションを再水和。 </li><li> 1のための1グラム/ L Ematoxylinの2ミリリットル - - 1でセクションを染色し、2分間、続いて任意のEmatoxylin黒字を除去するために水で洗い流してください。 </li><li>エタノール70％と混合し、水で希釈した濃度の1％エオシンYアルコール溶液で5分間 - 4のためのセクションを染色します。 </li><li>各スライドセクションのエオシンYの2ミリリットル、ランニング水道水で洗い流し - 1を使用してください。 </li><li>エタノールの増加グレードのセクションを浸し（ステップ1.6を参照）、最終的には、1時間のためにキシレン中で経過した後、ベースの取り付けとカバーガラスmediumand 100X倍率（ 図1D）の光顕微鏡下で観察します。 </li> &lt;/ OL&gt; 2.コレクション、脱凝集および組織のインビトロ分析<ol><li>デルマトームを使用すると、それぞれ0.6ミリメートル、1ミリメートルまたは4つの異なる多臓器および/またはマルチのトランクエリアから厚さ2mmの独立した皮膚組織、乳頭デepidermized真皮（デッド）または真皮網状層（真皮）を取ります収穫、加工、移植のための組織を配布に関する国家規則（CNT 2013）は、次の40〜55歳の範囲内組織ドナー、。 <ol><li>ゆっくり5分間オービタルシェーカー上皿にそれらを入れて、0.9％NaCl溶液中のすべてのサンプルをすすいでください。 </li><li> 5 mmの生検パンチを使用して、皮膚組織から直径が均一であるサンプルを作成し、デッドと真皮と分解する前に、すべての組織標本の重量を量ります。 </li><li>分解のために食塩溶液1.5mlを添加すること、組織破砕で、それぞれ8個3つまたは​​4つの均一な皮膚組織サンプル、デッドまたは真皮挿入。 </li><li>別の実行すべての組織サンプルの分解の時間は、 表1に示します。 </li><li>対照として、無傷の組織サンプル由来のパンチ生検の特派員番号を使用してください。 </li><li>機械的解離後、マイクログラフトを含む生理食塩水を吸引し、12ウェルプレートの1ウェルに個別に各サンプルを配置します。無傷の制御パンチ生検のために同じプロトコルを実行します。 </li><li>各試料に、10％ウシ胎児血清（FBS）および抗生物質を補充したRPMI 1640培地を1mlを加えます。 </li><li>すぐに細胞生存率を評価します。各ウェルにMTTの0.5 mg / mlで（3- [含む培地を1mlを加える（皮膚組織、それぞれデッドまたは真皮8、3つまたは​​4つの均一なサンプルの同時分解によって得られる）、マイクログラフトを含みます4,5-ジメチルチアゾール-2-イル] -2,5-ジフェニルブロマイド）溶液および5％CO 2 /空気の雰囲気中で37℃で3時間インキュベートします。無傷の制御のために同じプロトコルを実行します生検パンチ。 </li><li>インキュベーション後、全ての培地を含有するMTTを除去し、10分間、各試料1mLのジメチルスルホキシド（DMSO）に加えます。 </li><li>キュベット中の各試料とDMSOを転送し、分光光度計を用いて570nmでの光学密度（OD）で読み取りました。 570 nmの吸光度の比と分解する前に使用した組織のグラム重量（グラム）として細胞生存率を計算します。無傷の制御パンチ生検のために同じプロトコルを実行します。 </li></ol></li><li>機械的解離後、皮膚組織、単一ドナーのデッドと真皮サンプル由来のマイクログラフトを含む生理食塩水を吸引します。 <ol><li> 12ウェルプレートの1ウェルに、またはそれぞれの細胞生存率試験および形態素解析のための培養フラスコ内で個別に各サンプルを置きます。 </li><li> 5％CO 2 / Alの雰囲気中、37℃で、10％FBSおよび抗生物質を補充したRPMI 1640培地1mlの（12ウェルプレート）または5ミリリットル（培養フラスコ）を添加培養マイクログラフト24時間または7日間R。 </li><li> （リピートが2.1.8-2.1.10ステップ）、24時間または7日後に細胞生存率を評価します。 </li><li>フラスコ中での培養の24時間と7日後に光学顕微鏡で細胞懸濁液の存在を評価する形態素解析を実行します。 </li><li> FACS分析6によるCD146、CD34およびCD45抗原を含む間葉系および造血細胞マーカーに陽性のために真皮のサンプルを分析します。 </li><li>層流フードシード下で完全に脱凝集しない各組織試料の対応する小断片（皮膚組織、それぞれデッドまたは真皮8、3つまたは​​4つの均一なサンプルの同時分解によって得られた）各マイクログラフト（&gt;大きさ50ミクロン脱凝集処理後の）5％ヒツジ血液培養液100μLを含むコロンビア寒天プレート上。 </li><li>無菌11を評価するために、三日間37℃でプレートをインキュベートし、コロンビア寒天プレート上の微生物学的分析を行います。 </li></ol></li></ol>

<ol>
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著者アントニオ・グラツィアーノは、生成しRigeneraシステムを販売している人間の脳波SRLの科学ディレクターです。著者レティツィアTrovatoは、人間の脳波SRLの科学部門の協力者であります

この予備的研究では、既に他の臨床用途において報告されているように、このプロトコルによって得られる微小移植片は微小移植片インプラント9、10の有効性を最適化するために、コラーゲンスポンジと組み合わせることができることを示した。特に、この研究は、生体の能力を報告し-complexes、臨床応用から30日後の足病変の創傷治癒をアジュバント、微小移植片およびコラーゲン?...

近年では、いくつかの新しい方法は、急性および慢性の皮膚病変のための一段階の治療を提供するために、手術中に自家細胞懸濁液を得るために、バイオテクノロジーの分野で開発されてきました。また、外傷、糖尿病、感染症、および他の原因から生じる急性が、主に慢性創傷の管理は、依然として厳しいです。慢性創傷は、世界中の医療システム1に莫大な財政負担を引き起こし、深刻な世界的な健康問題となっていることを証拠があります。 皮膚病変の治療の成功率を高めるために、（セルラ強化を含む）広範囲操作の有無および無菌状態の維持は、直ちにの損傷領域に塗布することができる細胞懸濁液を作成するために、不可欠です患者は、それによって、このようなセルファクトリーとしてクリーンルームでの長い処理を回避することができます。セント小さ ​​な皮膚生検、粉砕、遠心分離および他の分離法（ 例えば、酵素的または機械的な）からarting、しばしば増殖培地で培養することができる細胞懸濁液を得るために使用されます。これらの方法の全ては、一般に、細胞構造を強調し、細胞生存率の低下につながる、実行に長い時間を必要とします。別の重要な態様は、損傷領域を修復するために、例えば、臨床医によって使用される準備ができた自己細胞懸濁液を得ることです。さらに、十分に自家組織移植片は、最終的に誘導および伝導2、3の原則によって、受信者サイトで生き残るために転送手順を生き残ることが確立されています。理想的な移植片組織は、容易に入手でき、低抗原性およびドナー部位の罹患率4を持つ必要があります 。 これらの証拠に基づき、本研究の最初の目的は、適した自家バイオ複合体を作成することでした組織修復における臨床応用。この目的のために、我々はこのプロトコルによって脱凝集された皮膚組織から始まる自家マイクログラフトを得るための新しい方法を説明します。ケースの提示はまた、本明細書中にコラーゲンスポンジと組み合わせて、このプロトコルによって得られた自己ミクロ移植の臨床応用として記載されています。このアプローチは、既にヒト組織5の機械的分解に効率的であることが報告されていて、それが移植片および皮膚組織6,7の再生のためだけでなく、口腔顎顔面外科手術8-10における結合組織の再生治療のために臨床的に使用されています。 また、本研究の第二の目的は、このプロトコルによるそれらの分解後の皮膚組織の生物学的特徴づけました。この目的のために、皮膚組織の異なる相同サンプルは、異なる多臓器の胴体領域に由来しますおよび/またはマルチ組織のドナーは、エミリア・ロマーニャ地方スキンバンクでの移植のための組織（CNT 2013）を収穫、加工に関する国家規則に従い、配布処理しました。 症例提示： 車の事故に起因する複雑な外傷を示す35歳の女性患者は、アンコーナ病院の集中治療室に入院しました。患者は、オープン傷や外部固定で安定化化合物の破壊に起因する脚に感染を示しました。二つのラジカルデブ​​リドマンを行い、傷が負圧治療（VAC療法）の後にクリーンになったと骨膜が健康に見えたとき、我々は回復から2ヶ月後のプロトコルを適用しました。このシステムで分解した後、得られた微小移植片は、その後、病変の修復に対するそれらの効果を調べるために移植されたコラーゲンスポンジを用いてバイオ複合体を作成するために使用されました。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Rigenera Machine</td><td>Human Brain Wave</td><td>79210R</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rigeneracons</td><td>Human Brain Wave</td><td>79450S</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MTT</td><td>Roche Diagnostic GmbH</td><td>11465007001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>RPMI medium</td><td>PBI International</td><td>733-2292</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DMEM medium</td><td>PBI International</td><td>F 0415</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Antibiotics</td><td>Biological Industries PBI</td><td>03-038-1 &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Antibodies for FACS Analysis</td><td>eBiosciences</td><td>code 12-1469 for CD146-P; code 17-0349&amp;nbsp; for CD34-APC&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Columbia agar</td><td>BioMerieux Company</td><td>43041</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Condress&amp;reg;</td><td>Abiogen Pharma</td><td></td><td>collagen sponge used for bio-complexes</td></tr><tr><td>DMSO&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Bioniche Pharma USA LLC, Lake Forest, IL</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NaCl solution</td><td>Fresenius Kabi, Bad Homburg, Germany</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Xylene&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Carlo Erba</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

tissue characterization after a new disaggregation method for skin micro-grafts generation

いくつかの新しい方法は、急性および慢性の皮膚病変のための1つのステップの処理を提供するために、手術中に自己の細胞懸濁液を得るために、バイオテクノロジーの分野で開発されてきました。また、外傷、糖尿病、感染症や他の原因から生じる慢性だけでなく、急性創傷の管理は、依然として厳しいです。本研究では、単一の患者とその臨床応用の皮膚組織から自家マイクロ移植片を作成するための新しい方法を説明します。また、皮膚、脱epidermized真皮（デッド）および多臓器及び/又は多組織ドナーの真皮に由来する皮膚組織のインビトロでの生物学的特性評価も実施しました。全ての組織は、私たちは実行可能なマイクログラフトを得ることができるように、この新しいプロトコルによって解離させました。特に、我々は、この革新的なプロトコルは、自己ミクロ移植片および皮膚病変に適用する準備ができたコラーゲンスポンジで構成バイオ複合体を作成することができることを報告しました。 clini足の病変に対する自家バイオ複合体のcalの適用はまた、両方の再epitalizationプロセスの改善と病変の柔らかさを示し、報告されました。さらに、我々のインビトロモデルは、このシステムの機械的解離後の細胞生存率は、培養物の最大7日間の時間にわたって維持されることを示しました。我々はまた、解離から得られた細胞のプールが高い再生能のために、組織再生および修復のプロセスにおいて重要な役割を発揮する間葉系幹細胞を含むいくつかの細胞型で構成されていることを、フローサイトメトリー分析によって、観察しました。最後に、我々は寒天皿で培養したときに、この手順は、マイクロ移植片の無菌性を維持することをin vitroで実証されました。要約すると、我々は、臨床医は、実行可能な無菌かつ最も一般的な生物学的scaffoで単独または組み合わせて適用することができるマイクログラフトを使用する準備ができて1ステップで取得するために、この新しい回生アプローチが有望なツールとなり得ると結論しますLDS。

この予備的研究では、最初の目的は、使用する準備ができてバイオ複合体を生成するために、コラーゲンのような生物学的支持体と結合したヒト自家マイクロ移植片の能力を調査することでした。これらのバイオ複合体は、患者に移植しました。 自動車事故（ 図2A）によって引き起こされる足の病変と30日（ 図2B）?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Tissue Characterization after a New Disaggregation Method for Skin Micro-Grafts Generation at JoVE.com

Tissue Characterization after a New Disaggregation Method for Skin Micro-Grafts Generation

プロトコルは、ヒト組織を脱凝集し、コラーゲンスポンジと合わせ、自家マイクログラフトを作成するには、皮膚病変の治療に使用する準備ができて、人間の生体複合体を生じさせる新しい方法を説明します。さらに、このシステムは、機械的解離後の異なる時点で、マイクロ移植片の細胞生存率を維持します。

スキンマイクログラフト世代の新しい脱凝集法後の組織性状

Several new methods have been developed in the field of biotechnology to obtain autologous cellular suspensions during surgery, in order to provide one ...

tissue-characterization-after-new-disaggregation-method-for-skin

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

21.5K ビュー.  Burns Centre and Emilia Romagna Regional Skin Bank. プロトコルは、ヒト組織を脱凝集し、コラーゲンスポンジと合わせ、自家マイクログラフトを作成するには、皮膚病変の治療に使用する準備ができて、人間の生体複合体を生じさせる新しい方法を説明します。さらに、このシステムは、機械的解離後の異なる時点で、マイクロ移植片の細胞生存率を維持します。 

ビデオ: Tissue Characterization after a New Disaggregation Method for Skin Micro-Grafts Generation

Generation of Genetically Modified Organotypic Skin Cultures Using Devitalized Human Dermis

Organotypic cultures allow the reconstitution of a 3D environment critical for cell-cell contact and cell-matrix interactions which mimics the function and physiology of their in vivo tissue counterparts. This is exemplified by organotypic skin cultures which faithfully recapitulates the epidermal differentiation and stratification program. Primary human epidermal keratinocytes are genetically manipulable through retroviruses where genes can be easily overexpressed or knocked down. These genetically modified keratinocytes can then be used to regenerate human epidermis in organotypic skin cultures providing a powerful model to study genetic pathways impacting epidermal growth, differentiation, and disease progression. The protocols presented here describe methods to prepare devitalized human dermis as well as to genetically manipulate primary human keratinocytes in order to generate organotypic skin cultures. Regenerated human skin can be used in downstream applications such as gene expression profiling, immunostaining, and chromatin immunoprecipitations followed by high throughput sequencing. Thus, generation of these genetically modified organotypic skin cultures will allow the determination of genes that are critical for maintaining skin homeostasis.

The goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive and detailed protocol on how to generate genetically modified human organotypic skin from epidermal keratinocytes and devitalized human dermis.

失活ヒト真皮を用いて遺伝子組換え器官皮膚培養物の生成

Organotypic cultures allow the reconstitution of a 3D environment critical for cell-cell contact and cell-matrix interactions which mimics the function ...

発生生物学

Isolation of Papillary and Reticular Fibroblasts from Human Skin by Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting

Fibroblasts are a highly heterogeneous cell population implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases. In human skin dermis, fibroblasts have traditionally been attributed to the superficial papillary or lower reticular dermis according to their histological localization. In mouse dermis, papillary and reticular fibroblasts originate from two different lineages with diverging functions regarding physiological and pathological processes and a distinct cell surface marker expression profile by which they can be distinguished.
Importantly, evidence from explant cultures from superficial and lower dermal layers suggest that at least two functionally distinct dermal fibroblasts lineages exist in human skin dermis as well. However, unlike for mouse skin, cell surface markers enabling the discrimination of different fibroblast subsets have not yet been established for human skin. We developed a novel protocol for the isolation of human papillary and reticular fibroblast populations via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) using the two cell surface markers Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP) and Thymocyte antigen 1 (Thy1)/CD90. This method enables the isolation of pure fibroblast subsets without in vitro manipulation, which was shown to affect gene expression, thus permitting accurate functional analysis of human dermal fibroblast subsets in regard to tissue homeostasis or disease pathology.

This manuscript describes a FACS-based protocol for isolation of papillary and reticular fibroblasts from human skin. It circumvents in vitro culture which was inevitable with the commonly used isolation protocol via explant cultures. The emanating fibroblast subsets are functionally distinct and display differential gene expression and localization within the dermis.

蛍光活性化細胞選別によるヒトの皮膚からの乳頭状および網状線維芽細胞の単離

Fibroblasts are a highly heterogeneous cell population implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases. In human skin dermis, fibroblasts have ...

遺伝学

Minced Tissue in Compressed Collagen: A Cell-containing Biotransplant for Single-staged Reconstructive Repair

Conventional techniques for cell expansion and transplantation of autologous cells for tissue engineering purposes can take place in specially equipped human cell culture facilities. These methods include isolation of cells in single cell suspension and several laborious and time-consuming events before transplantation back to the patient. Previous studies suggest that the body itself could be used as a bioreactor for cell expansion and regeneration of tissue in order to minimize ex vivo manipulations of tissues and cells before transplanting to the patient. The aim of this study was to demonstrate a method for tissue harvesting, isolation of continuous epithelium, mincing of the epithelium into small pieces and incorporating them into a three-layered biomaterial. The three-layered biomaterial then served as a delivery vehicle, to allow surgical handling, exchange of nutrition across the transplant, and a controlled degradation. The biomaterial consisted of two outer layers of collagen and a core of a mechanically stable and slowly degradable polymer. The minced epithelium was incorporated into one of the collagen layers before transplantation. By mincing the epithelial tissue into small pieces, the pieces could be spread and thereby the propagation of cells was stimulated. After the initial take of the transplants, cell expansion and reorganization would take place and extracellular matrix mature to allow ingrowth of capillaries and nerves and further maturation of the extracellular matrix. The technique minimizes ex vivo manipulations and allow cell harvesting, preparation of autograft, and transplantation to the patient as a simple one-stage intervention. In the future, tissue expansion could be initiated around a 3D mold inside the body itself, according to the specific needs of the patient. Additionally, the technique could be performed in an ordinary surgical setting without the need for sophisticated cell culturing facilities.

Tissue engineering often includes in vitro expansion in order to create autografts for tissue regeneration. In this study a method for tissue expansion, regeneration, and reconstruction in vivo was developed in order to minimize the processing of cells and biological materials outside the body.

圧縮されたコラーゲンで細分化した組織：シングル段再建修復のための細胞含有Biotransplant

Conventional techniques for cell expansion and transplantation of autologous cells for tissue engineering purposes can take place in specially equipped ...

生物工学

Generation of 3D Skin Organoid from Cord Blood-derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

The skin is the body&#8217;s largest organ and has many functions. The skin acts as a physical barrier and protector of the body and regulates bodily functions. Biomimetics is the imitation of the models, systems, and elements of nature for the purpose of solving complex human problems1. Skin biomimetics is a useful tool for in vitro disease research and in vivo regenerative medicine. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the characteristic of unlimited proliferation and the ability of differentiation to three germ layers. Human iPSCs are generated from various primary cells, such as blood cells, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and more. Among them, cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) have emerged as an alternative cell source from the perspective of allogeneic regenerative medicine. CBMCs are useful in regenerative medicine because human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing is essential to the cell banking system. We provide a method for the differentiation of CBMC-iPSCs into keratinocytes and fibroblasts and for generation of a 3D skin organoid. CBMC-iPSC-derived keratinocytes and fibroblasts have characteristics similar to a primary cell line. The 3D skin organoids are generated by overlaying an epidermal layer onto a dermal layer. By transplanting this 3D skin organoid, a humanized mice model is generated. This study shows that a 3D human iPSC-derived skin organoid may be a novel, alternative tool for dermatologic research in vitro and in vivo.

We propose a protocol that shows how to differentiate induced pluripotent stem cell-derived keratinocytes and fibroblasts and generate a 3D skin organoid, using these keratinocytes and fibroblasts. This protocol contains an additional step of generating a humanized mice model. The technique presented here will improve dermatologic research.

臍帯血由来から 3 D 肌 Organoid の生成誘導多能性幹細胞

The skin is the body&#8217;s largest organ and has many functions. The skin acts as a physical barrier and protector of the body and regulates bodily ...

Improving 2D and 3D Skin In Vitro Models Using Macromolecular Crowding

The glycoprotein family of collagens represents the main structural proteins in the human body, and are key components of biomaterials used in modern tissue engineering. A technical bottleneck is the deposition of collagen in vitro, as it is notoriously slow, resulting in sub-optimal formation of connective tissue and subsequent tissue cohesion, particularly in skin models. Here, we describe a method which involves the addition of differentially-sized sucrose co-polymers to skin cultures to generate macromolecular crowding (MMC), which results in a dramatic enhancement of collagen deposition. Particularly, dermal fibroblasts deposited a significant amount of collagen I/IV/VII and fibronectin under MMC in comparison to controls.
The protocol also describes a method to decellularize crowded cell layers, exposing significant amounts of extracellular matrix (ECM) which were retained on the culture surface as evidenced by immunocytochemistry. Total matrix mass and distribution pattern was studied using interference reflection microscopy. Interestingly, fibroblasts, keratinocytes and co-cultures produced cell-derived matrices (CDM) of varying composition and morphology. CDM could be used as &#34;bio-scaffolds&#34; for secondary cell seeding, where the current use of coatings or scaffolds, typically from xenogenic animal sources, can be avoided, thus moving towards more clinically relevant applications.
In addition, this protocol describes the application of MMC during the submerged phase of a 3D-organotypic skin co-culture model which was sufficient to enhance ECM deposition in the dermo-epidermal junction (DEJ), in particular, collagen VII, the major component of anchoring fibrils. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of anchoring fibrils in cultures developed with MMC, as compared to controls. This is significant as anchoring fibrils tether the dermis to the epidermis, hence, having a pre-formed mature DEJ may benefit skin graft recipients in terms of graft stability and overall wound healing. Furthermore, culture time was condensed from 5 weeks to 3 weeks to obtain a mature construct, when using MMC, reducing costs.

Improving 2D and 3D Skin In Vitro Models Using Macromolecular Crowding

We present a protocol to obtain cell-derived matrices rich in extracellular matrix proteins, using macromolecular crowders (MMC). In addition, we present a protocol which incorporates MMC in 3D organotypic skin co-culture generation, which reduces culture time while maintaining maturity of construct.

2Dと3Dの肌の改善<em&gt;インビトロ</em分子クラウディングの使用&gt;モデル

The glycoprotein family of collagens represents the main structural proteins in the human body, and are key components of biomaterials used in modern ...

Lymphocyte Isolation from Human Skin for Phenotypic Analysis and Ex Vivo Cell Culture

Human skin has an important barrier function and contains various immune cells that contribute to tissue homeostasis and protection from pathogens. As the skin is relatively easy to access, it provides an ideal platform to study peripheral immune regulatory mechanisms. Immune resident cells in healthy skin conduct immunosurveillance, but also play an important role in the development of inflammatory skin disorders, such as psoriasis. Despite emerging insights, our understanding of the biology underlying various inflammatory skin diseases is still limited. There is a need for good quality (single) cell populations isolated from biopsied skin samples. So far, isolation procedures have been seriously hampered by a lack of obtaining a sufficient number of viable cells. Isolation and subsequent analysis have also been affected by the loss of immune cell lineage markers, due to the mechanical and chemical stress caused by the current dissociation procedures to obtain single cell suspension. Here, we describe a modified method to isolate T cells from both healthy and involved psoriatic human skin by combining mechanical skin dissociation using an automated tissue dissociator and collagenase treatment. This methodology preserves expression of most immune lineage markers such as CD4, CD8, Foxp3 and CD11c upon the preparation of single cell suspensions. Examples of successful CD4+ T cell isolation and subsequent phenotypic and functional analysis are shown.

Lymphocyte Isolation from Human Skin for Phenotypic Analysis and Ex Vivo Cell Culture

We describe a protocol to efficiently isolate skin resident T cells from human skin biopsies. This protocol yields sufficient numbers of viable human skin resident lymphocytes for flow cytometric analysis and ex vivo culture.

表現型分析のためのヒト皮膚からリンパ球単離と<em&gt; ex vivoで</em&gt;細胞培養

Human skin has an important barrier function and contains various immune cells that contribute to tissue homeostasis and protection from pathogens. As the ...

免疫・感染学

Apparatus for Harvesting Tissue Microcolumns

This manuscript describes the production process for a laboratory apparatus, made from off-the-shelf components, that can be used to collect microcolumns of full-thickness skin tissue. The small size of the microcolumns allows donor sites to heal quickly without causing donor site scarring, while harvesting full-thickness tissue enables the incorporation of all cellular and extracellular components of skin tissue, including those associated with deeper dermal regions and the adnexal skin structures, which have yet to be successfully reproduced using conventional tissue engineering techniques. The microcolumns can be applied directly into skin wounds to augment healing, or they can be used as the autologous cell/tissue source for other tissue engineering approaches. The harvesting needles are made by modifying standard hypodermic needles, and they can be used alone for harvesting small amounts of tissue or coupled with a simple suction-based collection system (also made from commonly available laboratory supplies) for high-volume harvesting to facilitate studies in large animal models.

Here we describe a protocol for producing harvesting needles that can be used to collect full-thickness skin tissue without causing donor site scarring. The needles can be combined with a simple collection system to achieve high-volume harvesting.

配向柱状組織を採取するための装置

This manuscript describes the production process for a laboratory apparatus, made from off-the-shelf components, that can be used to collect microcolumns ...

Decellularization for the Preparation of Highly Preserved Human Acellular Skin Matrix for Regenerative Medicine

Extracellular matrix (ECM) provides biophysical and biochemical stimuli to support self-renewal, proliferation, survival, and differentiation of surrounding cells due to its content of diverse bioactive molecules. Due to these characteristics, the ECM has been recently considered a promising candidate for the creation of biological scaffolds to boost tissue regeneration. Emerging studies have demonstrated that decellularized human tissues could resemble the native ECM in their structural and biochemical profiles, preserving the three-dimensional (3D) architecture and the content of fundamental biological molecules. Hence, decellularized ECM can be employed to promote tissue remodeling, repair, and functional reconstruction of many organs. Selecting the appropriate decellularization procedure is crucial to obtain acellular tissues that retain the characteristics of the ideal microenvironment for cells. 
The protocol described here provides a detailed step-by-step description of the decellularization method to obtain a reproducible and effective cell-free biological ECM. Skin fragments from patients undergoing plastic surgery were scaled down and decellularized using a combination of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), Triton X-100, and antibiotics. To promote the regular and homogeneous transport of the solution through the samples, they were enclosed in embedding cassettes to ensure protection from mechanical insults. After the decellularization procedure, the snow-white color of skin fragments indicated complete and successful decellularization. Additionally, decellularized samples showed an intact and well-preserved architecture. The results suggest that the proposed decellularization method was effective, fast, and reproducible and protected samples from architectural damages.

Decellularized human skin is suitable for tissue regeneration. A major issue of decellularization is the preservation of the native architecture, along with the appropriate content of structural proteins, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and growth factors. The method proposed allows fast and effective decellularization, producing decellularized skin with well-preserved native features.

Extracellular matrix (ECM) provides biophysical and biochemical stimuli to support self-renewal, proliferation, survival, and differentiation of ...

Rapid Genetic Analysis of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Signaling During Hair Regeneration

Hair follicle morphogenesis, a complex process requiring interaction between epithelia-derived keratinocytes and the underlying mesenchyme, is an attractive model system to study organ development and tissue-specific signaling. Although hair follicle development is genetically tractable, fast and reproducible analysis of factors essential for this process remains a challenge. Here we describe a procedure to generate targeted overexpression or shRNA-mediated knockdown of factors using lentivirus in a tissue-specific manner. Using a modified version of a hair regeneration model 5, 6, 11, we can achieve robust gain- or loss-of-function analysis in primary mouse keratinocytes or dermal cells to facilitate study of epithelial-mesenchymal signaling pathways that lead to hair follicle morphogenesis. We describe how to isolate fresh primary mouse keratinocytes and dermal cells, which contain dermal papilla cells and their precursors, deliver lentivirus containing either shRNA or cDNA to one of the cell populations, and combine the cells to generate fully formed hair follicles on the backs of nude mice. This approach allows analysis of tissue-specific factors required to generate hair follicles within three weeks and provides a fast and convenient companion to existing genetic models.

Tissue-specific analysis of a hair follicle regeneration model using lentivirus to mediate gain- or loss-of-function.

髪の再生の間に上皮間葉シグナル伝達の迅速遺伝子解析

Hair follicle morphogenesis, a complex process requiring interaction between epithelia-derived keratinocytes and the underlying mesenchyme, is an ...

生物学

Xenograft Skin Model to Manipulate Human Immune Responses In Vivo

The human skin xenograft model, in which human donor skin is transplanted onto an immunodeficient mouse host, is an important option for translational research in skin immunology. Murine and human skin differ substantially in anatomy and immune cell composition. Therefore, traditional mouse models have limitations for dermatological research and drug discovery. However, successful xenotransplants are technically challenging and require optimal specimen and mouse graft site preparation for graft and host survival. The present protocol provides an optimized technique for transplanting human skin onto mice and discusses necessary considerations for downstream experimental aims. This report describes the appropriate preparation of a human donor skin sample, assembly of a surgical setup, mouse and surgical site preparation, skin transplantation, and post-surgical monitoring. Adherence to these methods allows for maintenance of xenografts for over 6 weeks post-surgery. The techniques outlined below allow maximum grafting efficiency due to the development of engineering controls, sterile technique, and pre- and post-surgical conditioning. Appropriate performance of the xenograft model results in long-lived human skin graft samples for experimental characterization of human skin and preclinical testing of compounds in vivo.

Xenograft Skin Model to Manipulate Human Immune Responses In Vivo

The present protocol describes how to graft human skin onto non-obese diabetic (NOD)-scid interleukin-2 gamma chain receptor (NSG) mice. A detailed description of the preparation of human skin for transplant, preparation of mice for transplant, transplantation of split-thickness human skin, and post-transplantation recovery procedure are included in the report.

in vivoでヒト免疫応答を操作するための異種移植片皮膚モデル

The human skin xenograft model, in which human donor skin is transplanted onto an immunodeficient mouse host, is an important option for translational ...

スキンマイクログラフト世代の新しい脱凝集法後の組織性状

要約

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