Name: surgical placement of catheters for long-term cardiovascular exercise testing in swine
Uploaded: 2016-02-09T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 12 min 37 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Surgical Placement of Catheters for Long-term Cardiovascular Exercise Testing in Swine at JoVE.com

この研究は、（DJドゥンカーへ）オランダ心臓財団の助成金2000T038によってサポートされていました（D. Merkusに）2000T042を付与し、欧州委員会FP7-健康-2010グラントMEDIA-261409（DJドゥンカーとD. Merkusへ）、オランダ心臓血管研究イニシアティブ：オランダ心臓財団、大学医療センターのためのオランダ連合、健康研究開発と科学のオランダ王立アカデミーのためのオランダ機構&#160; CVON- ARENA CVON 2011-11、（D. Merkusへ）CVON-ファイドラCVON2012-08とCVON-RECONNECT CVON 2014から11（DJドゥンカーへ）、ソフィア財団（DJドゥンカーとD. Merkusへ）（D.デへウィイス-Meijler、D. MerkusとIKMライス）。

<ol>
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J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+coronary+blood+flow+during+exercise.">Regulation of coronary blood flow during exercise.</a> Physiol Rev. 88, 1009-1086 (2008).</li><li>Tune, J. D., Gorman, M. W., Feigl, E. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Matching+coronary+blood+flow+to+myocardial+oxygen+consumption.">Matching coronary blood flow to myocardial oxygen consumption.</a> J Appl Physiol. 97 (1985), 404-415 (2004).</li><li>van den Heuvel, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Coronary+microvascular+dysfunction+in+a+porcine+model+of+early+atherosclerosis+and+diabetes.">Coronary microvascular dysfunction in a porcine model of early atherosclerosis and diabetes.</a> Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 302, H85-H94 (2012).</li><li>Zhou, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pulmonary+vasoconstrictor+influence+of+endothelin+in+exercising+swine+depends+critically+on+phosphodiesterase+5+activity.">Pulmonary vasoconstrictor influence of endothelin in exercising swine depends critically on phosphodiesterase 5 activity.</a> Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 306, L442-L452 (2014).</li><li>Pereda, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Swine+model+of+chronic+postcapillary+pulmonary+hypertension+with+right+ventricular+remodeling:+long-term+characterization+by+cardiac+catheterization,+magnetic+resonance,+and+pathology.">Swine model of chronic postcapillary pulmonary hypertension with right ventricular remodeling: long-term characterization by cardiac catheterization, magnetic resonance, and pathology.</a> J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 7, 494-506 (2014).</li><li>Mercier, O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endothelin+A+receptor+blockade+improves+regression+of+flow-induced+pulmonary+vasculopathy+in+piglets.">Endothelin A receptor blockade improves regression of flow-induced pulmonary vasculopathy in piglets.</a> J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 140, 677-683 (2010).</li><li>Spinale, F. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chronic+supraventricular+tachycardia+causes+ventricular+dysfunction+and+subendocardial+injury+in+swine.">Chronic supraventricular tachycardia causes ventricular dysfunction and subendocardial injury in swine.</a> Am J Physiol. 259, H218-H229 (1990).</li><li>Yarbrough, W. M., Spinale, F. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Large+animal+models+of+congestive+heart+failure:+a+critical+step+in+translating+basic+observations+into+clinical+applications.">Large animal models of congestive heart failure: a critical step in translating basic observations into clinical applications.</a> J Nucl Cardiol. 10, 77-86 (2003).</li><li>Duncker, D. J., Stubenitsky, R., Verdouw, P. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Autonomic+control+of+vasomotion+in+the+porcine+coronary+circulation+during+treadmill+exercise:+evidence+for+feed-forward+beta-adrenergic+control.">Autonomic control of vasomotion in the porcine coronary circulation during treadmill exercise: evidence for feed-forward beta-adrenergic control.</a> Circ Res. 82, 1312-1322 (1998).</li><li>Stubenitsky, R., Verdouw, P. D., Duncker, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Autonomic+control+of+cardiovascular+performance+and+whole+body+O2+delivery+and+utilization+in+swine+during+treadmill+exercise.">Autonomic control of cardiovascular performance and whole body O2 delivery and utilization in swine during treadmill exercise.</a> Cardiovasc Res. 39, 459-474 (1998).</li><li>Zhou, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phosphodiesterase-5+activity+exerts+a+coronary+vasoconstrictor+influence+in+awake+swine+that+is+mediated+in+part+via+an+increase+in+endothelin+production.">Phosphodiesterase-5 activity exerts a coronary vasoconstrictor influence in awake swine that is mediated in part via an increase in endothelin production.</a> Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 306, H918-H927 (2014).</li><li>Gross, D. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Animal Models in Cardiovascular Research. , (2009).</li><li>Merkus, D., Duncker, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Perspectives:+Coronary+microvascular+dysfunction+in+post-infarct+remodelled+myocardium.">Perspectives: Coronary microvascular dysfunction in post-infarct remodelled myocardium.</a> Eur Heart J Suppl. 16, A74-A79 (2014).</li><li>de Beer, V. J., de Graaff, H. J., Hoekstra, M., Duncker, D. J., Merkus, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Integrated+control+of+pulmonary+vascular+tone+by+endothelin+and+angiotensin+II+in+exercising+swine+depends+on+gender.">Integrated control of pulmonary vascular tone by endothelin and angiotensin II in exercising swine depends on gender.</a> Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 298, H1976-H1985 (2010).</li><li>Lautt, W. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Resistance+or+conductance+for+expression+of+arterial+vascular+tone.">Resistance or conductance for expression of arterial vascular tone.</a> Microvasc Res. 37, 230-236 (1989).</li><li>Merkus, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phosphodiesterase+5+inhibition-induced+coronary+vasodilation+is+reduced+after+myocardial+infarction.">Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition-induced coronary vasodilation is reduced after myocardial infarction.</a> Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 304, H1370-H1381 (2013).</li><li>Heusch, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+paradox+of+alpha-adrenergic+coronary+vasoconstriction+revisited.">The paradox of alpha-adrenergic coronary vasoconstriction revisited.</a> J Mol Cell Card. 51, 16-23 (2011).</li><li>Merkus, D., Houweling, B., van den Meiracker, A. H., Boomsma, F., Duncker, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Contribution+of+endothelin+to+coronary+vasomotor+tone+is+abolished+after+myocardial+infarction.">Contribution of endothelin to coronary vasomotor tone is abolished after myocardial infarction.</a> Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 288, H871-H880 (2005).</li><li>Haitsma, D. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Minimal+impairment+of+myocardial+blood+flow+responses+to+exercise+in+the+remodeled+left+ventricle+early+after+myocardial+infarction,+despite+significant+hemodynamic+and+neurohumoral+alterations.">Minimal impairment of myocardial blood flow responses to exercise in the remodeled left ventricle early after myocardial infarction, despite significant hemodynamic and neurohumoral alterations.</a> Cardiovasc Res. 52, 417-428 (2001).</li><li>Bender, S. B., van Houwelingen, M. J., Merkus, D., Duncker, D. J., Laughlin, M. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+analysis+of+exercise-induced+enhancement+of+early-+and+late-systolic+retrograde+coronary+blood+flow.">Quantitative analysis of exercise-induced enhancement of early- and late-systolic retrograde coronary blood flow.</a> J Appl Physiol. 108 (3), 507-514 (2010).</li></ol>

著者らは、開示することは何もありません。

本研究は、豚の慢性計測のための手術だけでなく、血行動態を測定しながらモーター駆動トレッドミル上計装豚を行使し、動脈、混合静脈および冠状静脈血中の酸素含有量の測定のための血液試料を採取するためのプロトコルについて説明します。 プロトコル内の重要なステップ 挿管処置の間にすでに開始プロトコル内のいくつかの重要なステップがあります。チ?...

適切な心肺機能は特に、このような運動の1時などに増加した代謝要求の状態の間に、酸素や栄養素を体を供給することが不可欠です。運動に心肺応答は心機能、 すなわちにおける適応の数によって特徴付けられる。、行使筋肉を供給する血管床における心拍数、収縮性およびストローク量、および微小血管の機能、 すなわち、血管拡張の増加を同様に肺のように血管系、および胃腸系を供給する血管床だけでなく、非アクティブな筋肉1で血管収縮。障害者運動能力は、心肺機能障害の早期特徴であり、かつ心肺運動負荷試験が損なわ運動能力2を有する患者における心機能不全、血管機能不全および/ ​​または肺機能不全の間に線引きする効果的な方法として使用されています。初期の心肺機能不全をd心肺機能のように、特に、動物モデルにおいて、診断するifficultはしばしばcardiodepressive特性3を有する多くの麻酔薬で麻酔を必要とする、侵襲的に測定されます。 慢性機器は覚醒状態の心肺機能の測定を可能にし、動物が完全に実験室条件の測定値に調整されるときに、麻酔および急性の外科的外傷の影響を与えることなく静かな静止​​条件下で得ることができます。動物が適切に訓練されている場合また、測定は、段階的なトレッドミル運動4,5の間に得 ​​ることができます。より具体的には、左と、冠状動脈全身および肺微小循環における血管運動緊張の調節を決定することができ、一方、右心室の機能は、評価され、心筋灌流に関連することができます。液体で満たされたカテーテルの使用は、広告を与えることなく、血液サンプルを取るだけでなく、圧力の測定を可能にします動物ditionalストレス。慢性計装動物を研究の別の利点は、それによって統計的検出力を増加させ、したがって、研究のために必要な動物の数を制限し、心肺運動負荷試験は、疾患の発症中または長期治療中のいずれかの、それ自身の対照として、動物の使用を可能に繰り返すことができることです。 豚の心肺解剖学的構造は、密接に人間のこと似ており、糖尿病6、心筋梗塞7、肺高血圧8,9及びペーシング誘発性心不全10,11などの心肺疾患の様々な形態を誘導することが可能です。また、豚の大きさだけでなく、血液ガスを分析するだけでなく、神経液性測定を実行するために、および/または疾患のバイオマーカーを探索するために、慢性計装、および十分な量の繰り返し採血を可能にします。 このプロトコルは、慢性に使用され手術を説明LY機器豚だけでなく、モーター駆動トレッドミルで豚を行使するためのプロトコル。

<table><tbody><tr><td>3-way stopcocks</td><td>B. Braun</td><td>16496</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Perfusor lines PVC (DEHP-free) 150 cm/2.6 ml&amp;nbsp;</td><td>B. Braun</td><td>8722960</td><td>Used for fluid filled catheters</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;ldquo;python &amp;ldquo; silicontubing</td><td>Rubber BV</td><td>1757 ID 1 mm, OD 2 mm</td><td>Used for fluid filled catheters</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Chloride 0.9%</td><td>Baxter</td><td>TKF7124</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Glucose 10%</td><td>Baxter</td><td>WE0163</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Suction device</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Slim-Line electrosurgical pencil with 2 buttons</td><td>ERBE ELEKTROMEDIZIN GMBH</td><td>20190-066</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Servo Ventilator&amp;nbsp;SV900C&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Siemens-Elema AB&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laryngoscoop</td><td>Vererinary Technics Int.</td><td>11.02.47</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sterile surgical gloves</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>tie-on surgical mask</td><td>3M</td><td>1818FS</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>surgical hat</td><td>Klinidrape</td><td>621301</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Procedure pack</td><td>Molnlycke Health Care</td><td>97027809</td><td>Surgical drape, gauze pads, syringes, beaker etc</td></tr><tr><td>Droptears</td><td>Alcon</td><td>288-28282-01</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Betadine scrub 75 mg/ml Povidone-iodine</td><td>Meda Pharma BV</td><td>RVG08939</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Betadine solution 100 mg/ml Povidone-iodine</td><td>Meda Pharma BV</td><td>RVG01331</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cuffed Endotracheal tube</td><td>Emdamed</td><td></td><td>size depends on animal size</td></tr><tr><td>Breathing filter Hyrdo therm 3HME</td><td>Intersurgical</td><td>1560000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laryngoscope Handle+ Miller blade size 4</td><td>Kawe Germany</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Manual resuscitator- Combibag</td><td>Weinmann</td><td>6515-12-313-5596</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Perivascular flow probe 3PS</td><td>Transonic</td><td></td><td>For coronary artery; Size 2.5 - 4 mm depending on animal size</td></tr><tr><td>Confidence flow probe</td><td>Transonic</td><td></td><td>For aorta/pulmonary artery, 16 - 20 mm; size depends on animal size</td></tr><tr><td>Venflon-Venisystem 20 G x 32 mm</td><td>BD</td><td>393224</td><td>For coronary venous catheter</td></tr><tr><td>Blunt Needle 18 G</td><td></td><td></td><td>For coronary venous catheter</td></tr><tr><td>Tygon Tubing</td><td>Rubber BV</td><td>2802 ID 0.8 mm (1/32&amp;rsquo;&amp;rsquo;), OD 2.4 mm (3/32&amp;rsquo;&amp;rsquo;)</td><td>For coronary venous catheter</td></tr><tr><td>Suction Handle 17 cm 6 6/8 &quot; Coupland 18/8 martinit with tube connector</td><td>KLS Martin Group</td><td>18-575-24</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scalple blade&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scalpel Handle 13.5 cm 5 3/8 &quot; Stainless Steel solid</td><td>KLS Martin Group</td><td>10-100-04</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vascular Forceps 20.2 cm 8 &quot; De Bakey Stainless Stee</td><td>KLS Martin Group</td><td>24-388-20</td><td>&amp;plusmn; 14 cm</td></tr><tr><td>Dressing Forceps 17 cm 6 6/8 &quot; Cushing Stainless Steel</td><td>KLS Martin Group</td><td>12-189-17</td><td>&amp;plusmn; 18 cm</td></tr><tr><td>halsted-musquito straight 12.5 cm - 5&quot;</td><td>Rudolf Medical</td><td>RU-3100-13</td><td>&amp;plusmn; 12 cm</td></tr><tr><td>halsted-musquito curved 12.5 cm - 5&quot;</td><td>Rudolf Medical</td><td>RU-3101-12</td><td>&amp;plusmn; 12 cm</td></tr><tr><td>Dissecting and Ligature Forceps 13 cm 5 1/8 &quot; Gemini Stainless Steel</td><td>KLS Martin Group</td><td>13-451-13</td><td>&amp;plusmn; 12 cm</td></tr><tr><td>Dissecting and Ligature Forceps 18.5 cm 7 2/8 &quot; Schnidt Stainless Steel</td><td>KLS Martin Group</td><td>13-363-18</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rib Retractor Finochietto, Baby Aluminium -</td><td>KLS Martin Group</td><td>24-162-01</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>suture forceps Mayo-Hegar 3 mm 18 cm - 7&quot;</td><td>Rudolf Medical</td><td>RU-6050-18</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Metchenbaum blunt curved 14.5 cm - 5(3/4)&quot;</td><td>Rudolf Medical</td><td>RU-1311-14M</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Retrector farabeuf 12 cm - 4 (3/4)&quot;</td><td>Rudolf Medical</td><td>RU-4497-12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Towel forceps schr&amp;auml;del curved 9cm - 3,5&quot;</td><td>Rudolf Medical</td><td>RU-3550-09</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>surgical scissors blunt 13 cm - 5&quot;</td><td>Rudolf Medical</td><td>RU-1001-13</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gauzes Cutisoft 10 x 10 cm 4-ply</td><td>BSN Medical</td><td>45846-00</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gauzes Cutisoft 5 x 5 cm 4-ply</td><td>BSN Medical</td><td>45844-00</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Flowmeter -CM2 / SF2 - 2gas (O2 and Air)</td><td>UNO BV</td><td>180000008</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tec 7 Vaporizer</td><td>Datex-Ohmeda</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Acederm wound spay</td><td>Ecuphar NV</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vaseline Album</td><td>Bufa</td><td>165313</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>silkam 3-0 Natural silk, non-absorbable</td><td>B. Braun</td><td>F 1134043</td><td>sutures for placement of catheters</td></tr><tr><td>silkam 2-0 Natural silk, non-absorbable</td><td>B. Braun</td><td>F 1134051</td><td>sutures for muscular approximation</td></tr><tr><td>dagrofil 3-0 Polyester, non-absorbable</td><td>B. Braun</td><td>C 0842478</td><td>sutures for fluid fille catheters after tunneling</td></tr><tr><td>Vicryl rapide 3-0, 1 x 45 cm FS2, V2930G</td><td>Daxtrio medische producten</td><td>15560</td><td>sutures for electrical catheters after tunneling</td></tr><tr><td>Vitafil 6 USP</td><td>SMI</td><td>6080</td><td>Ties</td></tr><tr><td>Syringes</td><td></td><td></td><td>10 ml and 2.5 ml</td></tr><tr><td>Heparin LEO (heparin sodium)&amp;nbsp;</td><td>LEO Pharma A/S</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Zoletil</td><td>Virbac</td><td></td><td>tiletamine / zolazepam</td></tr><tr><td>Sedazine</td><td>AST farma</td><td>108855</td><td>xylazine</td></tr><tr><td>Temgesic</td><td>RB Pharmaceuticals</td><td>5429</td><td>buprenorphine</td></tr><tr><td>Tensogrip</td><td>BSN Medical</td><td>71522-00</td><td>elastic vest</td></tr></tbody></table>

surgical placement of catheters for long-term cardiovascular exercise testing in swine

このプロトコルは、慢性的に機器の豚とモーター駆動トレッドミル上ブタを行使するための手順への外科的手順を説明します。心肺機能がしばしば麻酔を必要とする、侵襲的に測定される初期の心肺機能障害は、特に、動物モデルにおいて、診断することは困難です。多くの麻酔薬がcardiodepressiveているように、心血管機能の微妙な変化をマスクすることができます。測定は麻酔および急性の外科的外傷の影響を与えることなく、静かな休息の条件の下で得られるように対照的に、慢性計測は、覚醒状態で心肺機能の測定を可能にします。動物が適切に訓練されている場合また、測定は、段階的なトレッドミル運動中に得ることができます。 フロープローブは、心拍出量を測定するための大動脈または肺動脈の周りおよびコロンの測定のための左冠動脈前下行枝の周りに配置されています進血流。液体で満たされたカテーテルは、圧力測定および血液サンプリングのための大動脈、肺動脈、左心房、左心室と右心室に移植されています。また、20 Gカテーテルは、冠状静脈血サンプリングを可能にするために前室間静脈内に配置されます。 回復週間後、3分続く各段階で、5段階の進行性運動プロトコルに豚は、カテーテルは、圧力と流量計に接続され、電動トレッドミル上に配置され、およびブタが施されます。血行動態信号が連続的に記録され、血液サンプルを各運動段階の最後の30秒の間に採取されています。 慢性的にインストルメント動物を研究の主な利点は、安静時だけでなく、運動などの物理的ストレスの間だけでなく、心肺機能のシリアル評価を可能にすることです。また、心肺機能は、病気の発症のA中に繰り返し評価することができますND慢性処置の間、それによって統計的検出力を増加させ、したがって、研究のために必要な動物の数を制限します。

5キロ/時のエクササイズまでは、主との組み合わせで毎分137±7 256±8拍から心拍数の増加によって達成された4.3±0.3 0.7±8.5 L /分の心拍出量の倍増をもたらしました32±2±3〜36ミリリットル（ 図3）からのストローク量のわずかな増加。一回拍出量の増加は共に左心室の弛緩速度の増加、左の増加に伴って、左心室圧のdP / dtmaxの一次導関数の最大値の増加によ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Surgical Placement of Catheters for Long-term Cardiovascular Exercise Testing in Swine at JoVE.com

Surgical Placement of Catheters for Long-term Cardiovascular Exercise Testing in Swine

Here we present a protocol to assess cardiopulmonary function in awake swine, at rest and during graded treadmill exercise. Chronic instrumentation allows for repeated hemodynamic measurements uninfluenced by cardiodepressive anesthetic agents.

豚の長期心血管運動テストのためのカテーテルの外科的配置

This protocol describes the surgical procedure to chronically instrument swine and the procedure to exercise swine on a motor-driven treadmill. Early ...

surgical-placement-catheters-for-long-term-cardiovascular-exercise

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

13.3K ビュー.  Erasmus MC. Here we present a protocol to assess cardiopulmonary function in awake swine, at rest and during graded treadmill exercise. Chronic instrumentation allows for repeated hemodynamic measurements uninfluenced by cardiodepressive anesthetic agents.

ビデオ: Surgical Placement of Catheters for Long-term Cardiovascular Exercise Testing in Swine

Minimal Invasive Surgical Procedure of Inducing Myocardial Infarction in Mice

Myocardial infarction still remains the main cause of death in western countries, despite considerable progress in the stent development area in the last decades. For clarification of the underlying mechanisms and the development of new therapeutic strategies, the availability of valid animal models are mandatory. Since we need new insights into pathomechanisms of cardiovascular diseases under in vivo conditions to combat myocardial infarction, the validity of the animal model is a crucial aspect. However, protection of animals are highly relevant in this context. Therefore, we establish a minimally invasive and simple model of myocardial infarction in mice, which assures a high reproducibility and survival rate of animals. Thus, this models fulfils the requirements of the 3R principle (Replacement, Refinement and Reduction) for animal experiments and assure the scientific information needed for further developing of therapeutical strategies for cardiovascular diseases.

A highly reproducible model for myocardial infarction in mice with minimal invasive manipulations is described. The model can be easily performed, resulting in a high reproducibility and survival rate. Thus, the described model will reduce the number of required animals as requested by the 3R principle (Replacement, Refinement and Reduction).

マウスにおける心筋梗塞を誘発する低侵襲手術手順

Myocardial infarction still remains the main cause of death in western countries, despite considerable progress in the stent development area in the last ...

医学

Testing the Efficacy of Pharmacological Agents in a Pericardial Target Delivery Model in the Swine

To date, many pharmacological agents used to treat or prevent arrhythmias in open-heart cases create undesired systemic side effects. For example, antiarrhythmic drugs administered intravenously can produce drops in systemic pressure in the already compromised cardiac patient. While performing open-heart procedures, surgeons will often either create a small port or form a pericardial cradle to create suitable fields for operation. This access yields opportunities for target pharmacological delivery (antiarrhythmic or ischemic preconditioning agents) directly to the myocardial tissue without undesired side effects.
We have developed a swine model for testing pharmacological agents for target delivery within the pericardial fluid. While fully anesthetized, each animal was instrumented with a Swan-Ganz catheter as well as left and right ventricle pressure catheters, and pacing leads were placed in the right atrial appendage and the right ventricle. A medial sternotomy was then performed and a pericardial access cradle was created; a plunge pacing lead was placed in the left atrial appendage and a bipolar pacing lead was placed in the left ventricle. Utilizing a programmer and a cardiac mapping system, the refractory period of the atrioventricular node (AVN), atria and ventricles was determined. In addition, atrial fibrillation (AF) induction was produced utilizing a Grass stimulator and time in AF was observed. These measurements were performed prior to treatment, as well as 30 min&#160;and 60 min&#160;after pericardial treatment. Additional time points were added for selected studies. The heart was then cardiopleged and reanimated in a four chamber working mode. Pressure measurements and function were recorded for 1 hr after reanimation. This treatment strategy model allowed us to observe the effects of pharmacological agents that may decrease the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias and/or ischemic damage, during and after open-heart surgery.

We have developed a swine model for the target delivery of pharmacological agents within the pericardial space/fluid. Using this approach, the relative benefits of administered agents on induced atrial fibrillation, relative refractory periods and/or ischemic protection can be investigated.

豚に心膜ターゲット・デリバリー・モデルでの薬剤の有効性をテストします

To date, many pharmacological agents used to treat or prevent arrhythmias in open-heart cases create undesired systemic side effects. For example, ...

Long-term Blood Pressure Measurement in Freely Moving Mice Using Telemetry

During the development of new vasoactive agents, arterial blood pressure monitoring is crucial for evaluating the efficacy of the new proposed drugs. Indeed, research focusing on the discovery of new potential therapeutic targets using genetically altered mice requires a reliable, long-term assessment of the systemic arterial pressure variation. Currently, the gold standard for obtaining long-term measurements of blood pressure in ambulatory mice uses implantable radio-transmitters, which require&#160;artery cannulation. This technique eliminates the need for tethering, restraining, or anesthetizing the animals which introduce stress and artifacts during data sampling. However, arterial blood pressure monitoring in mice via catheterization can be rather challenging due to the small size of the arteries. Here we present a step-by-step guide to illustrate the crucial key passages for a successful subcutaneous implantation of radio-transmitters and carotid artery cannulation in mice. We also include examples of long-term blood pressure activity taken from freely moving mice after a period of post-surgery recovery. Following this procedure will allow reliable direct blood pressure recordings from multiple animals simultaneously.

The goal of this protocol is to assess systemic blood pressure in conscious freely moving mice using implantable radio-telemetry devices.

テレメトリを使用して自由に動くマウスにおける長期血圧測定

During the development of new vasoactive agents, arterial blood pressure monitoring is crucial for evaluating the efficacy of the new proposed drugs. ...

Brachial Artery Catheterization in Swine

The video describes in detail the catheterization of the distal brachial artery in swine. This technique enables researchers to measure arterial blood pressure continuously and collect arterial blood samples to assess arterial blood gas measurements. Arterial blood pressures and arterial blood gases are important physiological parameters to monitor during experimental procedures. In swine, four common methods of arterial catheterization have been described, including catheterization of the carotid, femoral, auricular, and medial saphenous arteries. Each of these techniques have advantages, such as ease of access for the auricular artery, and disadvantages that include deep tissue dissection for carotid artery catheterization. The described alternative method of arterial catheterization in swine, the catheterization of the distal aspect of the brachial artery, is a rapid procedure that requires relatively minimal tissue dissection and provides information that is in line with data collected from other arterial catheterization sites. The procedure uses a medial approach along an oblique plane of the lower brachium, positioned between the olecranon and the flexor aspect of the elbow joint, and this approach allows researchers the major advantage of unimpeded freedom for procedures that involve the caudoventral, caudodorsal back, or hind limbs of the pig. Due to the location of the upper forelimb of the catheterized vessel and potential challenges of effective homeostasis following catheter removal from the artery, this technique may be limited to non-recovery procedures.

The video describes in detail the catheterization of the distal brachial artery in swine. This procedure accurately measures arterial blood pressure and is a simple and fast method to collect samples for arterial blood gas measurements.

豚の上腕動脈カテーテル検査

The video describes in detail the catheterization of the distal brachial artery in swine. This technique enables researchers to measure arterial blood ...

Novel Percutaneous Approach for Deployment of 3D Printed Coronary Stenosis Implants in Swine Models of Ischemic Heart Disease

Minimally invasive methods for creating models of focal coronary narrowing in large animals are challenging. Rapid prototyping using three-dimensionally (3D) printed coronary implants can be employed to percutaneously create a focal coronary stenosis. However, reliable delivery of the implants can be difficult without the use of ancillary equipment. We describe the use of a mother-and-child coronary guide catheter for stabilization of the implant and for effective delivery of the 3D printed implant to any desired location along the length of the coronary vessel. The focal coronary narrowing was confirmed under coronary cineangiography and the functional significance of the coronary stenosis was assessed using gadolinium-enhanced first-pass cardiac perfusion MRI. We showed that reliable delivery of 3D printed coronary implants in swine models (n = 11) of ischemic heart disease can be achieved through repurposing mother-and-child coronary guide catheters. Our technique simplifies the percutaneous delivery of coronary implants to create closed-chest swine models of focal coronary artery stenosis and can be performed expeditiously, with a low procedural failure rate.

We describe a novel, cost-effective, and efficient technique for percutaneous delivery of three-dimensionally printed coronary implants to create closed-chest swine models of ischemic heart disease. The implants were fixed in place using a mother-and-child extension catheter with high success rate.

虚血性心疾患の豚モデルにおける3D印刷冠動脈狭窄インプラントの展開のための新規経皮的アプローチ

Minimally invasive methods for creating models of focal coronary narrowing in large animals are challenging. Rapid prototyping using three-dimensionally ...

Measuring Cardiac Output in a Swine Model

Swine are frequently used in medical research given their similar cardiac physiology to that of humans. Measuring cardiac parameters such as stroke volume and cardiac output are essential in this type of research. Contrast ventriculography, thermodilution, and pressure-volume loop (PV-loop) catheters can be used to accurately obtain cardiac performance data depending on which resources and expertise are available. For this study,five Yorkshire swine were anesthetized and intubated. Central venous and arterial access was obtained to place the necessary measurement instruments.A temperature probe was placed in the aortic root. A cold saline bolus was delivered to the right atrium and temperature deflection curve was recorded. Integration of the area under the curve allowed for the calculation of the current cardiac output.A pigtail catheter was percutaneously placed in the left ventricle and 30 mL of iodinated contrast was power injected over 2 seconds. Digital subtraction angiography images were uploaded to volumetric analysis software to calculate the stroke volume and cardiac output. A pressure volume-loop catheter was placed into the left ventricle (LV) and provided continuous pressure and volume data of the LV, which allowed the calculation of both stroke volume and cardiac output.All three methods demonstrated good correlation with each other. The PV-loop catheter and thermodilution exhibited the best correlation with a 3% error and a Pearson coefficient of 0.99, with 95% CI=0.97 to 1.1, (p=0.002). The PV-loop catheter against ventriculography also showed good correlation with a 6% error and a Pearson coefficient of 0.95, 95% CI=0.96 to 1.1 (p=0.01). Finally, thermodilution against ventriculography had a 2% error with r=0.95, 95% CI=0.93 to 1.11, (p=0.01). In conclusion, we state that the PV-loop catheter, contrast ventriculography, and thermodilution each offer certain advantages depending on the researcher's requirements. Each method is reliable and accurate for measuring various cardiac parameters in swine such as the stroke volume and cardiac output.

Thermodilution, pressure-volume loop catheters, and contrast ventriculography are reliable and accurate methods for determining cardiac physiology such as stroke volume and cardiac output in a laboratory setting in swine.

Swine are frequently used in medical research given their similar cardiac physiology to that of humans. Measuring cardiac parameters such as stroke volume ...

Closed Chest Biventricular Pressure-Volume Loop Recordings with Admittance Catheters in a Porcine Model

Pressure-volume (PV) loop recording enables the state-of-the-art investigation of load-independent variables of ventricular performance. Uni-ventricular evaluation is often performed in preclinical research. However, the right and left ventricles exert functional interdependence due to their parallel and serial connections, encouraging simultaneous evaluation of both ventricles. Furthermore, various pharmacological interventions may affect the ventricles and their preloads and afterloads differently. 
We describe our closed chest approach to admittance-based bi-ventricular PV loop recordings in a porcine model of acute right ventricular (RV) overload. We utilize minimally invasive techniques with all vascular accesses guided by ultrasound. PV catheters are positioned, under fluoroscopic guidance, to avoid thoracotomy in animals, as the closed chest approach maintains the relevant cardiopulmonary physiology. The admittance technology provides real-time PV loop recordings without the need for post-hoc processing. Furthermore, we explain some essential troubleshooting steps during critical timepoints of the presented procedure. 
The presented protocol is a reproducible and physiologically relevant approach to obtain a bi-ventricular cardiac PV loop recording in a large animal model. This can be applied to a large variety of cardiovascular animal research.

Here we present a closed chest approach to admittance-based bi-ventricular pressure-volume loop recordings in pigs with acute right ventricular dysfunction.

ブタモデルにおけるアドミタンスカテーテルによる閉鎖胸部両室圧容積ループ記録

Pressure-volume (PV) loop recording enables the state-of-the-art investigation of load-independent variables of ventricular performance. Uni-ventricular ...

Intubation, Central Venous Catheter, and Arterial Line Placement in Swine for Translational Research in Abdominal Transplantation Surgery

Translational surgical research models in swine are crucial for developing safe preclinical protocols. However, the success of the experimental surgeries does not solely rely on the research team's surgical skills; perioperative care and management procedures, like intubation, central venous line, and arterial line placement, are necessary and of the utmost importance for favorable experiment results. As it is uncommon for research teams to have anesthesiologists or any other staff other than the surgical team, the surgical team involved in translational research must acquire and/or develop the skills to perform the perioperative care. The purpose of this paper is to show the techniques of intubation, central venous catheter, and arterial line placement used and perfected at the Toronto Organ Preservation Laboratory over the last 10 years, to be used as a reference for future researchers joining either this team or any other lab performing translational research protocols in swine and/or abdominal transplantation.

To obtain the best possible results, surgeons performing translational research experiments should be proficient at intubation and vascular line placement. This paper describes the techniques used by the Toronto Organ Preservation Laboratory to perform these procedures.

Translational surgical research models in swine are crucial for developing safe preclinical protocols. However, the success of the experimental surgeries ...

豚の長期血管アクセスのためのヒックマンカテーテル

Hickman Catheter Use for Long-Term Vascular Access in a Preclinical Swine Model

Central venous catheters (CVCs) are invaluable devices in large animal research as they facilitate a wide range of medical applications, including blood monitoring and reliable intravenous fluid and drug administration. Specifically, the tunneled multi-lumen Hickman catheter (HC) is commonly used in swine models due to its lower extrication and complication rates. Despite fewer complications relative to other CVCs, HC-related morbidity presents a significant challenge, as it can significantly delay or otherwise negatively impact ongoing studies. The proper insertion and maintenance of HCs is paramount in preventing these complications, but there is no consensus on best practices. The purpose of this protocol is to comprehensively describe an approach for the insertion and maintenance of a tunneled HC in swine that mitigates HC-related complications and morbidity. The use of these techniques in &gt;100 swine has resulted in complication-free patent lines up to 8 months and no catheter-related mortality or infection of the ventral surgical site. This protocol offers a method to optimize the lifespan of the HC and guidance for approaching issues during use.

著者スポットライト:前臨床豚モデルにおける長期血管アクセスのためのヒックマンカテーテルの使用  

A reliable and reproducible approach for the insertion and maintenance of a tunneled Hickman catheter for long-term vascular access in swine is described. Placement of a central venous catheter allows for convenient daily sampling of whole blood from awake animals and intravenous administration of medication and fluids.

ヒックマンカテーテルによる前臨床豚モデルにおける長期血管アクセスのための使用

Central venous catheters (CVCs) are invaluable devices in large animal research as they facilitate a wide range of medical applications, including blood ...

豚の長期心血管運動テストのためのカテーテルの外科的配置

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

マウスにおける心筋梗塞を誘発する低侵襲手術手順

豚に心膜ターゲット・デリバリー・モデルでの薬剤の有効性をテストします

テレメトリを使用して自由に動くマウスにおける長期血圧測定

豚の上腕動脈カテーテル検査

虚血性心疾患の豚モデルにおける3D印刷冠動脈狭窄インプラントの展開のための新規経皮的アプローチ

Measuring Cardiac Output in a Swine Model

ブタモデルにおけるアドミタンスカテーテルによる閉鎖胸部両室圧容積ループ記録

Intubation, Central Venous Catheter, and Arterial Line Placement in Swine for Translational Research in Abdominal Transplantation Surgery

ヒックマンカテーテルによる前臨床豚モデルにおける長期血管アクセスのための使用

ヒックマンカテーテルによる前臨床豚モデルにおける長期血管アクセスのための使用