Name: removal of drosophila muscle tissue from larval fillets for immunofluorescence analysis of sensory neurons and epidermal cells
Uploaded: 2016-11-02T13:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 6 min 41 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Removal of Drosophila Muscle Tissue from Larval Fillets for Immunofluorescence Analysis of Sensory Neurons and Epidermal Cells at JoVE.com

私たちは顕微鏡上で有用な議論のためのゲイリーLaevskyに感謝します。 NIHによって資金を供給されたこの作品は、ERGにR01GM061107とR01GM067758を付与します

注：筋肉を除去するための手順（ 図1）は、幼虫のフィレットを調製するための前述の方法の変形例です。先行すると筋肉の除去を以下の手順を簡単に概説されており、読者はより詳細な説明については、前の作業10、11と呼ばれています。 冷生理食塩水で1解剖幼虫<ol><li>冷たいHL3.1生理食塩水15または低温のCa 2+を含まないHL3.1生理食塩水11（ 表1）の作業希釈を準備します。皿の底をカバーするだけの十分な冷生理食塩水とシリコーンエラストマー皿に幼虫を置きます。 注：生理食塩水の選択についての議論を参照してください。 </li></ol><table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always"><tbody><tr><td> 1×HL3.1生理食塩水（pH7.2）で</td></tr><tr><td> 5 mMのHEPES </td></tr><tr><td> 70 mMのNaClを</td></tr><tr&gt; <td> 5のKCl </td></tr><tr><td> 1.5 mMのCaCl 2を（のCa 2+を含まない生理食塩水のために省略します） </td></tr><tr><td> 4のMgCl 2 </td></tr><tr><td> 10mMのNaHCO 3を</td></tr><tr><td> 5 mMのトレハロース</td></tr><tr><td> 115 mMのスクロース</td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td> 4℃でのフィルター滅菌し、店舗</td></tr><tr><td>注：組成を模倣昆虫血リンパ</td></tr></tbody></table> 冷生理食塩水の表1の組成物。 <ol start="2"><li>腹側を上にして幼虫を置きます。幼虫の腹面は、前方から後方に実行されている主要な幼虫の気管チューブによって腹部denticalベルトと背側によって同定することができます。前後方向に幼虫を伸ばし、頭と尾をピン虫ピンを使用して皿を解剖シリコーンエラストマー。一方の端で始まり、他方に向かって進行し、腹側正中線に沿って切断するために微細な解剖ハサミを使用してください。 注：この向きはDAニューロンの一般的に研究背クラスタを保持します。 </li><li>幼虫が切り開かれた後、本を開いたかのように解剖皿に四隅を固定します。 CNS、腸、気管などの内臓を取得し、削除するために鉗子を使用してください。フィレットがピンと張ったが、最大限に延伸されないように虫ピンを調整します。 注：筋肉セグメント境界で体壁に固定されています。筋肉は、体壁の大部分をカバーするが、これらは、背側正中線近くの狭い領域に存在しません。 </li></ol> 2.筋肉の取り外し<ol><li>筋肉組織が存在しない幼虫の背側正中線の位置を確認します。それは平坦可能向きで筋肉組織の下に挿入することができるように、単一の鉗子の突起を配置します。 </li><li>始まります背側正中線は、セグメントの前方境界付近に、慎重に鉗子と表皮の間の接触を最小限に抑えるように注意しながら、筋肉と表皮の間に鉗子突起をスライドさせます。 </li><li> 1アンカーポイントで体壁に筋肉の付着を破壊するために上向きに鉗子を引き出します。関心の残りの半セグメント（複数可）のためにこのプロセスを繰り返します。 注：このプロトコルは、各ダニューロン樹状突起フィールドの後方の保存を最適化します。デンドライトフィールドの前部を維持するためには、各セグメントの後端に鉗子の突起を挿入するのが最善です。 </li><li>幼虫フィレットを最大限にすべての方向に延伸されるように、虫ピンを再調整。 </li><li>それはまだ25分間、PBS中の寒い、新たに調製した4％ホルムアルデヒドを使用して、解剖皿に固定されている間にフィレットを修正しました。 </li><li> PBSで5回洗浄します。 </li><li>コンタを最小限に抑えるように注意しながら、慎重に残りのアンカーポイントから筋肉組織を離れて引っ張るために鉗子を使用して、表皮とCT。 </li><li>固定を解除し、1.5 mlのマイクロ遠心チューブに解剖皿からフィレットを削除します。以前に11を説明したように、すべてのその後の洗浄、ブロッキング、および免疫蛍光染色の手順を実行します。 </li></ol> 3.マウント幼虫フィレ<ol><li>まずできるだけサンプルは限り平坦にするために微細な解剖ハサミを使用して、頭と尾を削除します。カバーガラスに面したフィレットの内面と退色防止封入でカバースリップ上のフィレットをマウントします。 </li><li>カバースリップ上の顕微鏡スライドを配置し、封入剤を分散させるために軽く押してください。以上の顕微鏡スライドを裏返して、マニキュアを使用して、スライド上にカバーガラスをシール。スライドは、少なくとも1ヶ月間-20℃で保存することができます。 </li></ol>

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著者らは、開示することは何もありません。

ここでは、プロトコルは、ショウジョウバエの幼虫の切り身から筋肉組織を手動で除去するために記載されています。このプロトコルは、以前幼虫の解剖技術10,11を説明し修正します。幼虫は、シリコーンエラストマー皿に切開した後、背側正中線が配置されています。単一鉗子プロングは、その平坦可能な向きに、慎重に背側正中線近くに、筋組織と表皮との間に挿入されま...

ショウジョウバエの幼虫の樹状樹枝状（DA）ニューロンは、それらの遺伝子操作に従順し、それらが画像化することができる容易さに神経発達を研究するための貴重なモデルを提供します。これらの感覚ニューロンは、樹状突起の形態形成1-3を制御する多数の経路の同定に尽力してきました。 ダニューロンの4つのクラス（クラスI - IV）幼虫の表皮を支配します。これらのニューロンは、それらの樹状突起が大きく二次元アレイ4,5を形成することで、基底膜と表皮の間にあります。 4つのクラスのうち、クラスIV DAニューロンは、最も高度に分岐したアーバを持っていると、他の動物の感覚ニューロンのように、これらのアーバーの精緻化は、本質的な要因だけでなく、その開発6-9ため、隣接組織からの合図、特に表皮を、必要とします。 どのような神経細胞や余分な神経事実を決定するための研究ORS免疫蛍光法により、in situでタンパク質の発現を検出する能力の樹状突起の形態形成効果を制御します。幼虫の外側のキューティクルは、抗体に不可解ですが、この障害は、簡単に十分に確立された解剖法10,11を介して幼虫のフィレットの作成によって克服されます。しかし、基底膜のすぐ内側にある体壁筋肉組織は、DA神経細胞と表皮細胞の可視化に向けていくつかの課題を提示します。体壁のほとんどは、非常に神経または上皮組織から発せられる蛍光シグナルを不明瞭線まず、筋肉組織、。これは、実質的に、試料中の信号対雑音比を低下させます。第二に、多くの関連タンパク質は、筋肉組織ならびに神経細胞または表皮で発現させてもよいです。この筋肉由来の蛍光シグナルは、ニューロンまたは表皮からの蛍光シグナルのさらなる曖昧検出する可能性があります。最後に、無顕微鏡技術の進歩サブ回折分解能で試料のワット許可イメージングと神経細胞と周囲の上皮細胞12,13に発現されるタンパク質の局在を見分ける際に特に有用であろう。しかし、雑音比とカバースリップに、試料の近接に強い信号から超解像顕微鏡の利点を介してイメージング。信号対雑音比を減少させることに加えて、幼虫の体壁筋の距離それによって超解像顕微鏡法を用いて達成することができる改善された画像の解像度を制限するカバースリップからのDAニューロン。免疫蛍光分析のための課題に加えて、筋肉組織は、幼虫の体壁内の感覚ニューロンからの電気生理学的記録に対する障壁を提示します。その除去は、したがって、感覚ニューロン14の神経生理学的な操作に利益をもたらします。 ここでショウジョウバエ幼虫の筋肉組織を手動で除去するための方法が記載されています。私たちは、プロトコルPことを実証していますさもなければ筋肉組織によって覆い隠されているタンパク質のermits免疫蛍光イメージングは​​、クラスIV DAニューロンの可視化のための信号対雑音比を向上させ、より良いDAニューロンにおけるタンパク質及び細胞構造の空間的関係を判別する超解像顕微鏡法の使用を可能と表皮。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Dumont #5 tweezers</td><td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td><td>72701-D</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Micro Scissors, 8 cm, straight, 5 mm blades, 0.1 mm tips</td><td>World Precision Instruments</td><td>14003</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sylgard 184 silicone elastomer kit</td><td>Dow Corning</td><td>3097358-1004</td><td>for dissecting plates</td></tr><tr><td>Austerlitz insect pins, 0.1 mm</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>26002-10</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fostec 8375 light source</td><td>Artisan Technology Group</td><td>62792-4</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Zeiss Stemi 2000</td><td>Carl Zeiss Microscopy</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vectashield antifade mounting medium</td><td>Vector Laboratories</td><td>H-1000</td><td>for confocal microscopy</td></tr><tr><td>Prolong Diamond antifade mountant</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>P36970</td><td>for structured illumination microscopy</td></tr><tr><td>Micro cover glass, 22 x 22 mm, No. 1.5</td><td>VWR</td><td>48366-227</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Superfrost Plus microscope slides, 25 x 75 x 1.0 mm</td><td>Fisherbrand</td><td>12-550-15</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mouse anti-Coracle antibody</td><td>Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank</td><td>C615.16</td><td>supernatant, dilute 1:50</td></tr><tr><td>Mouse anti-Discs large antibody</td><td>Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank</td><td>4F3</td><td>supernatant, dilute 1:50</td></tr><tr><td>Rabbit anti-dsRed antibody</td><td>Clontech</td><td>632496</td><td>dilute 1:1,000</td></tr><tr><td>Goat anti-rabbit antibody, Alexa Fluor 568 conjugated</td><td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td><td>A-11011</td><td>dilute 1:1,000</td></tr><tr><td>Goat anti-mouse antibody, Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated</td><td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td><td>A-11001</td><td>dilute 1:500</td></tr></tbody></table>

removal of drosophila muscle tissue from larval fillets for immunofluorescence analysis of sensory neurons and epidermal cells

ショウジョウバエの幼虫の樹状樹枝状（DA）ニューロンは、神経形態形成のメカニズムを調べるための人気モデルです。 DAニューロンは、彼らが免疫蛍光によってタンパク質を発現し、両方のneuronallyと表皮のその場可視化から支配するので、それらの分析の利点表皮細胞と通信して開発しています。免疫蛍光実験のための幼虫フィレットを製造する従来の方法は、ニューロンおよび表皮タンパク質を画像化するためにいくつかの課題を提示し、体壁の大部分をカバーする筋肉組織をそのまま残します。ここでは、 ショウジョウバエの幼虫の切り身から筋肉組織を除去する方法について説明します。このプロトコルは、他の方法で筋肉組織によって覆い隠されているタンパク質の画像化を可能にする信号対雑音比を改善し、DAニューロンの発達を研究するための超解像顕微鏡の使用を容易にします。

私たちは一緒に膜マーカーで標識されたクラスIV DAニューロンと中隔結合タンパク質網代舟（コーラ）とディスク大（DLG）の同時可視化するために、免疫蛍光実験で信号対雑音比を改善するための筋肉の取り外し手順の有用性を実証しているCD4 - tdTomato。 コーラは、以前に、DAニューロンの樹状突起は、表皮細胞によって囲まれており、DAニュー?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Removal of Drosophila Muscle Tissue from Larval Fillets for Immunofluorescence Analysis of Sensory Neurons and Epidermal Cells at JoVE.com

Removal of Drosophila Muscle Tissue from Larval Fillets for Immunofluorescence Analysis of Sensory Neurons and Epidermal Cells

ショウジョウバエの幼虫の樹状樹枝状（DA）ニューロンを用いて、神経細胞の形態形成の研究は、免疫蛍光によって、神経や表皮タンパク質のその場可視化で恩恵を受ける。私たちは、幼虫の体壁から筋肉組織を除去することにより、ダニューロンと周囲の表皮細胞の免疫蛍光分析を向上させる手順を説明します。

の除去<em&gt;ショウジョウバエ</em感覚ニューロンおよび表皮細胞の免疫蛍光分析のための幼虫の切り身から&gt;筋肉組織

Drosophila larval dendritic arborization (da) neurons are a popular model for investigating mechanisms of neuronal morphogenesis. Da neurons develop in ...

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Removal of Drosophila Muscle Tissue from Larval Fillets for Immunofluorescence Analysis of Sensory Neurons and Epidermal Cells

8.9K ビュー.  Princeton University.  ショウジョウバエの幼虫の樹状樹枝状（DA）ニューロンを用いて、神経細胞の形態形成の研究は、免疫蛍光によって、神経や表皮タンパク質のその場可視化で恩恵を受ける。私たちは、幼虫の体壁から筋肉組織を除去することにより、ダニューロンと周囲の表皮細胞の免疫蛍光分析を向上させる手順を説明します。 

ビデオ: Removal of Drosophila Muscle Tissue from Larval Fillets for Immunofluorescence Analysis of Sensory Neurons and Epidermal Cells

Dissection and Imaging of Active Zones in the Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction

The Drosophila larvae neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is an excellent model for the study of synaptic structure and function. Drosophila is well known for the ease of powerful genetic manipulations and the larval nervous system has proven particularly useful in studying not only normal function but also perturbations that accompany some neurological disease (Lloyd and Taylor, 2010). Many key synaptic molecules found in Drosophila are also found in mammals and like most CNS excitatory synapses in mammals, the Drosophila NMJ is glutamatergic and demonstrates activity-dependent remodeling (Kohet al. , 2000). Additionally, Drosophila neurons can be individually identified because their innervation patterns are stereotyped and repetitive making it possible to study identified synaptic terminals, such as those between motor neurons and the body-wall muscle fibers that they innervate (Keshishian and Kim, 2004). The existence of evolutionarily conserved synapse components along with the ease of genetic and physical manipulation make the Drosophila model ideal for investigating the mechanisms underlying synaptic function (Budnik, 1996).
The active zones at synaptic terminals are of particular interest because these are the sites of neurotransmitter release. NC82 is a monoclonal antibody that recognizes the Drosophila protein Bruchpilot (Brp), a CAST1/ERC family member that is an important component of the active zone (Waghet al. , 2006). Brp was shown to directly shape the active zone T-bar and is responsible for effectively clustering Ca2+ channels beneath the T-bar density (Fouquetet al. , 2009). Mutants of Brp have reduced Ca2+ channel density, depressed evoked vesicle release, and altered short-term plasticity (Kittelet al. , 2006). Alterations to active zones have been observed in Drosophila disease models. For example, immunofluorescence using the NC82 antibody showed that the active zone density was decreased in models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Pitt-Hopkins syndrome (Ratnaparkhiet al. , 2008; Zweieret al. , 2009). Thus, evaluation of active zones, or other synaptic proteins, in Drosophila larvae models of disease may provide a valuable initial clue to the presence of a synaptic defect.
Preparing whole-mount dissected Drosophila larvae for immunofluorescence analysis of the NMJ requires some skill, but can be accomplished by most scientists with a little practice. Presented is a method that provides for multiple larvae to be dissected and immunostained in the same dissection dish, limiting environmental differences between each genotype and providing sufficient animals for confidence in reproducibility and statistical analysis.

Dissection and Imaging of Active Zones in the Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of Drosophila melanogaster is an important model system for studying normal synaptic function as well as perturbations to synaptic function found in certain neurological diseases. We present a protocol for dissection of the Drosophila larval motor system and immunostaining for active zone proteins within the NMJ.

で、アクティブなゾーンの解剖とイメージングショウジョウバエ神経筋接合部

The Drosophila  larvae neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is an excellent model for the study of synaptic structure and function. Drosophila  is well known for ...

神経科学

Morphological Analysis of Drosophila Larval Peripheral Sensory Neuron Dendrites and Axons Using Genetic Mosaics

Nervous system development requires the correct specification of neuron position and identity, followed by accurate neuron class-specific dendritic development and axonal wiring. Recently the dendritic arborization (DA) sensory neurons of the Drosophila larval peripheral nervous system (PNS) have become powerful genetic models in which to elucidate both general and class-specific mechanisms of neuron differentiation.
There are four main DA neuron classes (I-IV)1. They are named in order of increasing dendrite arbor complexity, and have class-specific differences in the genetic control of their differentiation2-10. The DA sensory system is a practical model to investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the control of dendritic morphology11-13 because: 1) it can take advantage of the powerful genetic tools available in the fruit fly, 2) the DA neuron dendrite arbor spreads out in only 2 dimensions beneath an optically clear larval cuticle making it easy to visualize with high resolution in vivo, 3) the class-specific diversity in dendritic morphology facilitates a comparative analysis to find key elements controlling the formation of simple vs. highly branched dendritic trees, and 4) dendritic arbor stereotypical shapes of different DA neurons facilitate morphometric statistical analyses.
DA neuron activity modifies the output of a larval locomotion central pattern generator14-16. The different DA neuron classes have distinct sensory modalities, and their activation elicits different behavioral responses14,16-20. Furthermore different classes send axonal projections stereotypically into the Drosophila larval central nervous system in the ventral nerve cord (VNC)21. These projections terminate with topographic representations of both DA neuron sensory modality and the position in the body wall of the dendritic field7,22,23. Hence examination of DA axonal projections can be used to elucidate mechanisms underlying topographic mapping7,22,23, as well as the wiring of a simple circuit modulating larval locomotion14-17.
We present here a practical guide to generate and analyze genetic mosaics24 marking DA neurons via MARCM (Mosaic Analysis with a Repressible Cell Marker)1,10,25 and Flp-out22,26,27 techniques (summarized in Fig. 1).

Morphological Analysis of Drosophila Larval Peripheral Sensory Neuron Dendrites and Axons Using Genetic Mosaics

The dendritic arborization sensory neurons of the Drosophila larval peripheral nervous system are useful models to elucidate both general and neuron class-specific mechanisms of neuron differentiation. We present a practical guide to generate and analyze dendritic arborization neuron genetic mosaics.

の形態素解析ショウジョウバエ</em遺伝モザイクを使用>幼虫末梢感覚ニューロンの樹状突起と軸索

Nervous system development requires the correct specification of neuron position and identity, followed by accurate neuron class-specific dendritic ...

Dissection of Drosophila melanogaster Flight Muscles for Omics Approaches

Drosophila flight muscle is a powerful model to study diverse processes such as transcriptional regulation, alternative splicing, metabolism, and mechanobiology, which all influence muscle development and myofibrillogenesis. Omics data, such as those generated by mass spectrometry or deep sequencing, can provide important mechanistic insights into these biological processes. For such approaches, it is beneficial to analyze tissue-specific samples to increase both selectivity and specificity of the omics fingerprints. Here we present a protocol for dissection of fluorescent-labeled flight muscle from live pupae to generate highly enriched muscle samples for omics applications. We first describe how to dissect flight muscles at early pupal stages (&#60;48 h after puparium formation [APF]), when the muscles are discernable by green fluorescent protein (GFP) labeling. We then describe how to dissect muscles from late pupae (&#62;48 h APF) or adults, when muscles are distinguishable under a dissecting microscope. The accompanying video protocol will make these technically demanding dissections more widely accessible to the muscle and Drosophila research communities. For RNA applications, we assay the quantity and quality of RNA that can be isolated at different time points and with different approaches. We further show that Bruno1 (Bru1) is necessary for a temporal shift in myosin heavy chain (Mhc) splicing, demonstrating that dissected muscles can be used for mRNA-Seq, mass spectrometry, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) applications. This dissection protocol will help promote tissue-specific omics analyses and can be generally applied to study multiple biological aspects of myogenesis.

Dissection of Drosophila melanogaster Flight Muscles for Omics Approaches

Drosophila flight muscle is a powerful model to study transcriptional regulation, alternative splicing, metabolism, and mechanobiology. We present a protocol for dissection of fluorescent-labeled flight muscle from live pupae to generate highly enriched samples ideal for proteomics and deep-sequencing. These samples can offer important mechanistic insights into diverse aspects of muscle development.

オミクスアプローチに対するショウジョウバエメラノガスター飛行筋肉の解剖

Drosophila flight muscle is a powerful model to study diverse processes such as transcriptional regulation, alternative splicing, metabolism, and ...

遺伝学

Drosophila Larval NMJ Dissection

The Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is an established model system used for the study of synaptic development and plasticity. The widespread use of the Drosophila motor system is due to its high accessibility. It can be analyzed with single-cell resolution. There are 30 muscles per hemisegment whose arrangement within the peripheral body wall are known. A total of 35 motor neurons attach to these muscles in a pattern that has high fidelity. Using molecular biology and genetics, one can create transgenic animals or mutants. Then, one can study the developmental consequences on the morphology and function of the NMJ. In order to access the NMJ for study, it is necessary to carefully dissect each larva. In this article we demonstrate how to properly dissect Drosophila larvae for study of the NMJ by removing all internal organs while leaving the body wall intact. This technique is suitable to prepare larvae for imaging, immunohistochemistry, or electrophysiology.

This protocol demonstrates how to dissect Drosophila larvae in preparation for immunohistochemistry and/or imaging of the neuromuscular junction.

ショウジョウバエ幼虫NMJの解剖

The Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is an established model system used for the study of synaptic development and plasticity. The widespread use ...

生物学

Drosophila Larval NMJ Immunohistochemistry

The Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is an established model system used for the study of synaptic development and plasticity. The widespread use of the Drosophila motor system is due to its high accessibility. It can be analyzed with single-cell resolution. There are 30 muscles per hemisegment whose arrangement within the peripheral body wall are known. A total of 31 motor neurons attach to these muscles in a pattern that has high fidelity. Using molecular biology and genetics, one can create transgenic animals or mutants. Then, one can study the developmental consequences on the morphology and function of the NMJ. Immunohistochemistry can be used to clearly image the components of the NMJ. In this article, we demonstrate how to use antibody staining to visualize the Drosophila larval NMJ.

Drosophila Larval NMJ Immunohistochemistry

This protocol demonstrates how to perform immunohistochemistry on dissected Drosophila larva.

ショウジョウバエ幼虫NMJ免疫組織化学

Paraffin-Embedded and Frozen Sections of Drosophila Adult Muscles

The molecular characterization of muscular dystrophies and myopathies in humans has revealed the complexity of muscle disease and genetic analysis of muscle specification, formation and function in model systems has provided valuable insight into muscle physiology. Therefore, identifying and characterizing molecular mechanisms that underlie muscle damage is critical. The structure of adult Drosophila multi-fiber muscles resemble vertebrate striated muscles 1 and the genetic tractability of Drosophila has made it a great system to analyze dystrophic muscle morphology and characterize the processes affecting muscular function in ageing adult flies 2. Here we present the histological technique for preparing paraffin-embedded and frozen sections of Drosophila thoracic muscles. These preparations allow for the tissue to be stained with classical histological stains and labeled with protein detecting dyes, and specifically cryosections are ideal for immunohistochemical detection of proteins in intact muscles. This allows for analysis of muscle tissue structure, identification of morphological defects, and detection of the expression pattern for muscle/neuron-specific proteins in Drosophila adult muscles. These techniques can also be slightly modified for sectioning of other body parts.

Paraffin-Embedded and Frozen Sections of Drosophila Adult Muscles

Identification of mechanisms underlying muscle damage is crucial. Here we present the histological technique for preparing paraffin-embedded and frozen sections of Drosophila thoracic muscles. This allows analysis of muscle morphology and localization of protein and other muscle cell components.

のパラフィン包埋して凍結切片ショウジョウバエアダルトの筋肉

The molecular characterization of muscular dystrophies and myopathies in humans has revealed the complexity of muscle disease and genetic analysis of ...

Dissection and Immunohistochemistry of the Drosophila Adult Leg to Detect Changes at the Neuromuscular Junction for an Identified Motor Neuron

Drosophila melanogaster represents a genetically tractable model to study neuronal structure and function, and subsequent changes in disease states. The well characterized larval neuromuscular junction is often used for such studies. However, rapid larval development followed by muscle histolysis and nervous system remodeling during metamorphosis makes this model problematic for the study of slow age-dependent degenerative changes like those occurring in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Alternatively, adult flies live for 90 days and the adult leg can be used to study motor neuron changes over the course of adult lifespan using in vivo fluorescent imaging through the cuticle. Here, we describe a leg dissection technique coupled with immunocytochemistry, which allows for the study of molecular changes at the neuromuscular junction of identified adult leg motor neurons. These techniques can be coupled with a myriad of antibodies labeling both pre- and post-synaptic structures. Together these procedures allow a more complete characterization of slow age-dependent changes in adult flies and can be applied across multiple motor neuron disease models.

Dissection and Immunohistochemistry of the Drosophila Adult Leg to Detect Changes at the Neuromuscular Junction for an Identified Motor Neuron

We describe a dissection technique that preserves the architecture of the neuromuscular junction and enables a detailed immunocytochemical study of motor neurons in the adult Drosophila leg.

認識された運動ニューロンの神経筋接合部における変化を検出する ショウジョウバエ 成脚の解剖と免疫染色

Drosophila melanogaster represents a genetically tractable model to study neuronal structure and function, and subsequent changes in disease states. The ...

ショウジョウバエの神経筋接合部および筋細胞における微小管ネットワークの表示

Using Drosophila Larval Neuromuscular Junction and Muscle Cells to Visualize Microtubule Network

The microtubule network is an essential component of the nervous system. Mutations in many microtubules regulatory proteins are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and neurological diseases, such as microtubule-associated protein Tau to neurodegenerative diseases, microtubule severing protein Spastin and Katanin 60 cause hereditary spastic paraplegia and neurodevelopmental abnormalities, respectively. Detection of microtubule networks in neurons is advantageous for elucidating the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. However, the small size of neurons and the dense arrangement of axonal microtubule bundles make visualizing the microtubule networks challenging. In this study, we describe a method for dissection of the larval neuromuscular junction and muscle cells, as well as immunostaining of &#945;-tubulin and microtubule-associated protein Futsch to visualize microtubule networks in Drosophila melanogaster. The neuromuscular junction permits us to observe both pre-and post-synaptic microtubules, and the large size of muscle cells in Drosophila larva allows for clear visualization of the microtubule network. Here, by mutating and overexpressing Katanin 60 in Drosophila melanogaster,&#160;and then examining the microtubule networks in the neuromuscular junction and muscle cells, we&#160;accurately reveal the regulatory role of Katanin 60 in neurodevelopment. Therefore, combined with the powerful genetic tools of Drosophila&#160;melanogaster, this protocol greatly facilitates genetic screening and microtubule dynamics analysis for the role of microtubule network regulatory proteins in the nervous system.

著者スポットライト:ショウジョウバエの神経筋接合部における微小管ネットワークの理解 

Here, we present a detailed protocol to visualize the microtubule networks in neuromuscular junctions and muscle cells. Combined with the powerful genetic tools of Drosophila melanogaster, this protocol greatly facilitates genetic screening and microtubule-dynamics analysis for the role of microtubule network regulatory proteins in the nervous system.

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この動画の章

で、アクティブなゾーンの解剖とイメージングショウジョウバエ神経筋接合部

の形態素解析ショウジョウバエ幼虫末梢感覚ニューロンの樹状突起と軸索

オミクスアプローチに対するショウジョウバエメラノガスター飛行筋肉の解剖

ショウジョウバエ幼虫NMJの解剖

ショウジョウバエ幼虫NMJ免疫組織化学

のパラフィン包埋して凍結切片ショウジョウバエアダルトの筋肉

認識された運動ニューロンの神経筋接合部における変化を検出するショウジョウバエ成脚の解剖と免疫染色

ショウジョウバエ幼虫の神経筋接合部と筋細胞を用いた微小管ネットワークの可視化

ショウジョウバエ幼虫の神経筋接合部と筋細胞を用いた微小管ネットワークの可視化

ショウジョウバエ幼虫の神経筋接合部と筋細胞を用いた微小管ネットワークの可視化

の除去

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

で、アクティブなゾーンの解剖とイメージングショウジョウバエ神経筋接合部

の形態素解析ショウジョウバエ幼虫末梢感覚ニューロンの樹状突起と軸索

オミクスアプローチに対するショウジョウバエメラノガスター飛行筋肉の解剖

ショウジョウバエ幼虫NMJの解剖

ショウジョウバエ幼虫NMJ免疫組織化学

のパラフィン包埋して凍結切片ショウジョウバエアダルトの筋肉

認識された運動ニューロンの神経筋接合部における変化を検出する ショウジョウバエ 成脚の解剖と免疫染色

ショウジョウバエ幼虫の神経筋接合部と筋細胞を用いた微小管ネットワークの可視化

ショウジョウバエ幼虫の神経筋接合部と筋細胞を用いた微小管ネットワークの可視化

ショウジョウバエ幼虫の神経筋接合部と筋細胞を用いた微小管ネットワークの可視化

認識された運動ニューロンの神経筋接合部における変化を検出するショウジョウバエ成脚の解剖と免疫染色