Name: quantifying x-ray fluorescence data using maps
Uploaded: 2018-02-17T12:30:00.000+00:00
Duration: 14 min 58 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Quantifying X-Ray Fluorescence Data Using MAPS at JoVE.com

我々 は、契約・ デ ・ EE0005948 の下で米国エネルギー省から資金を認めます。ナノスケール物質の高度な光子の源、両方の科学局ユーザー設備センターの使用は米国エネルギー省科学局事務所の基本的なエネルギー科学、契約番号の下で支えられました。デ-AC02-06CH11357。この材料は国立科学財団 (NSF) とエネルギーの (DOE) は、NSF CA 号下に支えの一部の仕事に基づいていますEEC-1041895。ビデオ編集は、アリゾナ州立大学の VISLAB によって行われました。任意の意見、調査結果および結論か本資料に示した推奨事項は、著者のと NSF や DOE のそれらを必ずしも反映しません。濃度は, は、全米科学財団 (賞 1144616) によって資金を供給された IGERT 太陽交わりによってサポートされます。

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H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Review,+Bibliography,+and+Tabulation+of+K,L,+and+Higher+Atomic+Shell+X-Ray+Fluorescence+Yields.">A Review, Bibliography, and Tabulation of K,L, and Higher Atomic Shell X-Ray Fluorescence Yields.</a> J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data. 23 (2), 339-364 (1994).</li><li>Ravel, B., Newville, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ATHENA,+ARTEMIS,+HEPHAESTUS:+data+analysis+for+X-ray+absorption+spectroscopy+using+IFEFFIT.">ATHENA, ARTEMIS, HEPHAESTUS: data analysis for X-ray absorption spectroscopy using IFEFFIT.</a> J. Synchrotron Rad. 12, 537-541 (2005).</li><li>West, B. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=X-ray+fluorescence+at+nanoscale+resolution+for+multicomponent+layered+structures:+a+solar+cell+case+study.">X-ray fluorescence at nanoscale resolution for multicomponent layered structures: a solar cell case study.</a> J Synchrotron Rad. 24, (2017).</li><li>De Boer, D. K. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Calculation+of+X-Ray+Fluorescence+Intensities+from+Bulk+and+Multilayer+Samples.">Calculation of X-Ray Fluorescence Intensities from Bulk and Multilayer Samples.</a> X-Ray Spectrom. 19 (3), 145-154 (1990).</li><li>Lachance, G. R., Claisse, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Quantitative X-ray Fluorescence Analysis: Theory and Application. , (1995).</li><li>Sokaras, D., Karydas, A. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Secondary+Fluorescence+Enhancement+in+Confocal+X-ray+Microscopy+Analysis.">Secondary Fluorescence Enhancement in Confocal X-ray Microscopy Analysis.</a> Anal. Chem. 81 (12), 4946-4954 (2009).</li></ol>

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数字は、この手順を使用してデータをフィッティングの重要性を示します。図 1 (右) と 2 (下)は、適切なフィッティングから生じる代表的な結果を示します。不足がある場合、積分スペクトル画像が著しくオフになります、結果の定量化されたデータが、エラーがあるが、これらはほとんどの場合を検出するは難しいでしょう。特定のサンプルの型が標準であるサンプルでは、要...

放射光を用いた蛍光 x 線分析は、何十年もの複数の分野にわたって使用されています。たとえば、それはゲラキ地区ら微量癌と非癌の乳房組織1内の金属の濃度を定量化彼らが研究の生物学で使用されています。一般的に、蛍光 x 線定量に適用されているさまざまな細胞や組織中の金属濃度と生物学 Paunesku et al.による記述で2。 同様に、微量元素3,4海洋原生生物を調べたと植物細胞5もマイクロ ・栄養素の分布が認められました。Kemnerらによる作業します。6形態の明瞭な差異と元素組成の単一の細菌のセルの識別、また定量的蛍光 x 線分析を可能しました。さらと具体的に例に関連するここで開示される、太陽電池デバイスの材料科学的研究をしたシリコン半導体7でサブミクロン金属不純物の存在に関する研究高分解能蛍光 x 線分析用,8、どの元素分布の作業太陽9,10、電気的性能に影響を与える、cigs 系の識別の深さによって変化するグラデーション薄膜微小角入射 x 線を介して太陽電池関連蛍光 (GIXRF) 11。
これらの研究の多くは、数値の結論を描画するためだけではなく空間分布を研究する放射光蛍光 x 線の高解像度の機能が、また情報の定量化の使用。多くの研究では、前述の空間分布に関連付けられている元素の濃度を知ることが重要です。ゲラキ地区らによる作業で、例えば、.、研究に必要な鉄、銅、亜鉛および癌のカリウムの濃度の違いを定量化および非ガン性乳房組織より良い理解どのような濃度が有害になります。人間のティッシュの1。同様に、羅らによって動作します。総合して塩素含有前駆体12なしペロブスカイト型太陽電池に組み込まれている塩素の少量を識別するために定量化された蛍光 x 線の使用をしました。したがって、特定の要素の濃度に必要な適切な定量化研究は必要かつ重要なステップです。
X 線蛍光測定から元素濃度を定量化するプロセスでは、蛍光強度数を質量濃度 (例えば μ g/cm2) を変換します。生のスペクトルは、光子のエネルギーの関数としてのエネルギー分散型蛍光検出器によって収集された番号を提示します。スペクトルはまず、定量化されたデータを計算する標準的な測定と比較し。特に、蛍光スペクトルをフィッティングの最初のステップは要素の定性分析にも重要です。これは、カウントのビニングする前にフィット、に基づいてためサンプルの蛍光遷移のような 2 つの要素が含まれる場合、問題となる彼らのエネルギー。このような状況でカウントは正しくありませんビニング、従って間違った要素に関連付けられている可能性があります。
サンプル内の要素の相対的な量で正確に結論を出すために蛍光 x 線スペクトルを定量化する必要が頻繁にまたです。適切な定量化せず重元素およびより軽い要素のカウントと比較されます、直接キャプチャ クロス セクション、吸収と蛍光の確率、蛍光光子の減衰との距離の違いを無視して、入射エネルギー、光子検出器を打つ数に影響するすべての要素の吸収端。したがって、マップごとにスペクトルをフィッティングし、どちらは、次の手順で行われます、標準にピーク強度を比較するプロセスは、各元素の濃度の正確な定量化のため重要です。
不可欠なスペクトルをはめ込んで蛍光光子の未加工のカウント数を毎平方センチメートル (μ g/cm2) マイクログラムの単位に変換する方法を示しますまたは個々 のすべてのスペクトルの合計スペクトル測定スポットまたはピクセルごとで生産2 D マップ。このスペクトルは、サンプルに含まれる別の要素の相対強度を示しています。特定の要素の吸収端は入射エネルギーから距離蛍光ピークの強度に影響を与えます。一般には、近くの 2 つのエネルギーは、これは常にそうではありませんが、これらの要素の生産が大きいほどの強度。Ref 13図 4 メチル鉛ヨウ化ペロブスカイト型太陽電池で大半の要素の結果として生じる強度に直接関連している x 線の光子の吸収の長さの依存性を示しています。これはエネルギーに対する要素の蛍光反応を示して、それは要素自体に依存してだも入射エネルギーではなく、それからの距離が反応の継続的な減少ではないことを示しています。
この関係の結果は、生元素濃度はそれらの要素の true の数量も励起とその他の要素に関連して低い場合も高い励起エネルギーを入射エネルギーに近い要素チャンネルのためにあります。事件から遠く離れてエネルギー。したがって、蛍光の収率変化、異なる吸収端、検出器の感度と測定のバック グラウンドなど、他の要因と共に、強度のエネルギー依存性はなぜデータをフィッティングが描画の前に非常に重要です観測の元素量に関する結論。フィッティング アルゴリズムを適用に不可欠なスペクトルは, ユーザーが要素とテキスト ドキュメントを介してに合わせてパラメーターを定義します。
Vogtらによって作成されたアルゴリズム。14、特定要素のピーク領域および主成分分析 (PCA) を統合する利益 (率 ROI) がフィルタ リングの領域を使用します。最初に、PCA は要素およびピークは非常に強く感じ取るのみを識別するために行われます。真の信号からのノイズの分離が可能になります。次に、特定したコンポーネントは定量化数値、原則同じ励起エネルギーの異なる要素のピークを解明する、たとえば Au Mαと P の Kαの重複のために重要であります。最後に、ROI がフィルタ リング可能性があります適用数値データに指定された地域を統合することによって。
数を元素濃度に関連するには、定量化された参照 (「標準」とも呼ばれる) は調査の下でサンプルとして同じ測定条件、幾何学、エネルギー、下に測定されます。この規格は、ドレスデンの軸索や国立研究所の標準とテクノロジ (NIST) から多くの場合です。彼らは様々 な異なる要素をカバーし、集計の元素分布が付属します。同じ測定条件標準数に関心のサンプルの測定数の正規化は、関心のサンプルの要素の定量化のための基礎を提供します。
具体的には、マップを識別する要素と標準の濃度 (軸索および NIST 規格の場合と同様)、標準的な情報はプログラムによって知られて事実のいずれかまたは別のファイルに入力されたデータ (の場合、異なる標準使用されている)。この情報からは、プログラムにはマップに埋め込まれている予想される濃度測定の設定の下で標準的な要素の測定強度が関連しています。任意のオフセットを調整するスケール ファクターを作成し、標準に含まれていないすべての残りの要素にこのスケール因子を推定します。倍率には測定設定と μ g/cm2の高密度に未加工のカウント数の線形変換をマップ内で提供される情報からのオフセットが含まれます。
ここでは、どのように紹介アルゴンヌ国立研究所 (ANL) 14蛍光対応ビームラインから取得したデータを定量化するための博士・ ボーグトが開発したマップは、プログラムの使用。デモンストレーションのために使用されるデータは、セクター 2 ID - 10の図 1 に示す測定セットアップを使用して目のアナリストの D に買収されました。フィッティングの手順は、他のビームラインは、ただし、ANL ビームラインの特定の特性のプログラムに埋め込まれているし、更新する必要があります注意してくださいから撮影したデータにも適用可能性があります。

quantifying x-ray fluorescence data using maps

X 線蛍光顕微鏡が既知の標準生スペクトルの一致によってマップの定量化は、化学組成と材料組成分布を評価するため重要です。放射光を用いた蛍光 x 線分析研究、特にその非破壊的な性質とその高感度のためのさまざまな不可欠な評価技術となっています。今日では、シンクロトロンは、ナノスケールで組成変化の評価を可能にする、ミクロン以下の空間分解能での蛍光のデータを取得できます。適切な数量を元素の偏析、化学量論的関係、およびクラスタ リングの動作の詳細な高解像度理解を得ることは、です。
この資料では、完全 2 D 蛍光 x 線マップの定量化のためのアルゴンヌ国立研究所によって開発されたソフトウェアをフィッティング マップを使用する方法について説明します。私たちは Cu 結果の例として使用 (In, Ga) Se2太陽電池には、高度な光子源ビームライン 2 ID--d アルゴンヌ国立研究所で撮影されました。フィッティング生データの標準的な手順を示す適合の品質を評価し、プログラムによって生成された典型的な出力を提示する方法を示します。さらに、我々 は本稿で特定のソフトウェアの制限と数値精度での代表的な空間にさらにデータを修正する方法にとって提供提案解決、元素濃度について説明します。

適切なフィッティング結果の例は、次の図で見ることができます。まず、貧しい人々 間の直接比較を示す図 1フィットし、積分スペクトルにぴったり。悪いフィットは要素がない不足している、例えば銅、明確なピークは、図 1(左) しますが、フィットに含まれていないことを確認両方精度を向上させる L と K 線の分岐比?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Quantifying X-Ray Fluorescence Data Using MAPS at JoVE.com

Quantifying X-Ray Fluorescence Data Using MAPS

ここを示す x 線蛍光管継手ソフトウェアの使用マップ、蛍光顕微鏡データの定量化のためのアルゴンヌ国立研究所によって作成されました。結果の定量化されたデータは元素分布と関心のサンプル内の化学量論比の理解に役立ちます。

X 線蛍光データ マップを使用しての定量化

The quantification of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microscopy maps by fitting the raw spectra to a known standard is crucial for evaluating chemical ...

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JoVE Journal

Chemistry

10.6K ビュー.  Arizona State University. ここを示す x 線蛍光管継手ソフトウェアの使用マップ、蛍光顕微鏡データの定量化のためのアルゴンヌ国立研究所によって作成されました。結果の定量化されたデータは元素分布と関心のサンプル内の化学量論比の理解に役立ちます。

ビデオ: Quantifying X-Ray Fluorescence Data Using MAPS

Preparing Adherent Cells for X-ray Fluorescence Imaging by Chemical Fixation

X-ray fluorescence imaging allows us to non-destructively measure the spatial distribution and concentration of multiple elements simultaneously over large or small sample areas. It has been applied in many areas of science, including materials science, geoscience, studying works of cultural heritage, and in chemical biology. In the case of chemical biology, for example, visualizing the metal distributions within cells allows us to study both naturally-occurring metal ions in the cells, as well as exogenously-introduced metals such as drugs and nanoparticles. Due to the fully hydrated nature of nearly all biological samples, cryo-fixation followed by imaging under cryogenic temperature represents the ideal imaging modality currently available. However, under the circumstances that such a combination is not easily accessible or practical, aldehyde based chemical fixation remains useful and sometimes inevitable. This article describes in as much detail as possible in the preparation of adherent mammalian cells by chemical fixation for X-ray fluorescent imaging.

Here, we present a protocol on how to determine the quantity and distribution of metals in a sample using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence. We focus on adherent cells, and describe the chemical fixation method to prepare this sample. We then describe how to mount and image the sample using synchrotron X-rays.

化学固定することによりX線蛍光イメージングのための接着細胞の準備

X-ray fluorescence imaging allows us to non-destructively measure the spatial distribution and concentration of multiple elements simultaneously over ...

化学

Energy Dispersive X-ray Tomography for 3D Elemental Mapping of Individual Nanoparticles

Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy within the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) provides accurate elemental analysis with high spatial resolution, and is even capable of providing atomically resolved elemental maps. In this technique, a highly focused electron beam is incident upon a thin sample and the energy of emitted X-rays is measured in order to determine the atomic species of material within the beam path. This elementally sensitive spectroscopy technique can be extended to three dimensional tomographic imaging by acquiring multiple spectrum images with the sample tilted along an axis perpendicular to the electron beam direction.
Elemental distributions within single nanoparticles are often important for determining their optical, catalytic and magnetic properties. Techniques such as X-ray tomography and slice and view energy dispersive X-ray mapping in the scanning electron microscope provide elementally sensitive three dimensional imaging but are typically limited to spatial resolutions of &gt; 20 nm. Atom probe tomography provides near atomic resolution but preparing nanoparticle samples for atom probe analysis is often challenging. Thus, elementally sensitive techniques applied within the scanning transmission electron microscope are uniquely placed to study elemental distributions within nanoparticles of dimensions 10-100 nm.
Here, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy within the STEM is applied to investigate the distribution of elements in single AgAu nanoparticles. The surface segregation of both Ag and Au, at different nanoparticle compositions, has been observed.

The use of energy dispersive X-ray tomography in the scanning transmission electron microscope to characterize elemental distributions within single nanoparticles in three dimensions is described.

個々のナノ粒子の3次元元素マッピングのためのエネルギー分散型X線トモグラフィー

Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy within the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) provides accurate elemental analysis with high spatial ...

工学

In Situ Detection and Single Cell Quantification of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Using Nuclear Microprobe Analysis

Micro-analytical techniques based on chemical element imaging enable the localization and quantification of chemical composition at the cellular level. They offer new possibilities for the characterization of living systems and are particularly appropriate for detecting, localizing and quantifying the presence of metal oxide nanoparticles both in biological specimens and the environment. Indeed, these techniques all meet relevant requirements in terms of (i) sensitivity (from 1 up to 10 &#181;g.g-1 of dry mass), (ii) micrometer range spatial resolution, and (iii) multi-element detection. Given these characteristics, microbeam chemical element imaging can powerfully complement routine imaging techniques such as optical and fluorescence microscopy. This protocol describes how to perform a nuclear microprobe analysis on cultured cells (U2OS) exposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Cells must grow on and be exposed directly in a specially designed sample holder used on the optical microscope and in the nuclear microprobe analysis stages. Plunge-freeze cryogenic fixation of the samples preserves both the cellular organization and the chemical element distribution. Simultaneous nuclear microprobe analysis (scanning transmission ion microscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and particle induced X-ray emission) performed on the sample provides information about the cellular density, the local distribution of the chemical elements, as well as the cellular content of nanoparticles. There is a growing need for such analytical tools within biology, especially in the emerging context of Nanotoxicology and Nanomedicine for which our comprehension of the interactions between nanoparticles and biological samples must be deepened. In particular, as nuclear microprobe analysis does not require nanoparticles to be labelled, nanoparticle abundances are quantifiable down to the individual cell level in a cell population, independently of their surface state.

In Situ Detection and Single Cell Quantification of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Using Nuclear Microprobe Analysis

We describe a procedure for the detection of chemical elements present in situ in human cells as well as their in vitro quantification. The method is well-suited to any cell type and is particularly useful for quantitative chemical analyses in single cells following in vitro metal oxide nanoparticles exposure.

その場で検出および核マイクロ プローブ分析法を用いた金属酸化物ナノ粒子の単一細胞定量

Micro-analytical techniques based on chemical element imaging enable the localization and quantification of chemical composition at the cellular level. ...

Obtaining 3D Chemical Maps by Energy Filtered Transmission Electron Microscopy Tomography

Energy filtered transmission electron microscopy tomography (EFTEM tomography) can provide three-dimensional (3D) chemical maps of materials at a nanometric scale. EFTEM tomography can separate chemical elements that are very difficult to distinguish using other imaging techniques. The experimental protocol described here shows how to create 3D chemical maps to understand the chemical distribution and morphology of a material. Sample preparation steps for data segmentation are presented. This protocol permits the 3D distribution analysis of chemical elements in a nanometric sample. However, it should be noted that currently, the 3D chemical maps can only be generated for samples that are not beam sensitive, since the recording of filtered images requires long exposure times to an intense electron beam. The protocol was applied to quantify the chemical distribution of the components of two different heterogeneous catalyst supports. In the first study, the chemical distribution of aluminum and titanium in titania-alumina supports was analyzed. The samples were prepared using the swing-pH method. In the second, the chemical distribution of aluminum and silicon in silica-alumina supports that were prepared using the sol-powder and mechanical mixture methods was examined.

This paper describes a protocol to achieve 3D chemical maps combining energy filtered imaging and electron tomography. The chemical distribution of two catalyst supports formed by elements that are difficult to distinguish by other imaging techniques was studied. Each application consists of mapping overlapped chemical elements - respectively spaced-ionization edges.

エネルギー化学 3 D マップの取得フィルター透過電子顕微鏡トモグラフィー

Energy filtered transmission electron microscopy tomography (EFTEM tomography) can provide three-dimensional (3D) chemical maps of materials at a ...

Elemental-sensitive Detection of the Chemistry in Batteries through Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering

Energy storage has become more and more a limiting factor of today's sustainable energy applications, including electric vehicles and green electric grid based on volatile solar and wind sources. The pressing demand of developing high-performance electrochemical energy storage solutions, i.e., batteries, relies on both fundamental understanding and practical developments from both the academy and industry. The formidable challenge of developing successful battery technology stems from the different requirements for different energy-storage applications. Energy density, power, stability, safety, and cost parameters all have to be balanced in batteries to meet the requirements of different applications. Therefore, multiple battery technologies based on different materials and mechanisms need to be developed and optimized. Incisive tools that could directly probe the chemical reactions in various battery materials are becoming critical to advance the field beyond its conventional trial-and-error approach. Here, we present detailed protocols for soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (sXAS), soft X-ray emission spectroscopy (sXES), and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) experiments, which are inherently elemental-sensitive probes of the transition-metal 3d and anion 2p states in battery compounds. We provide the details on the experimental techniques and demonstrations revealing the key chemical states in battery materials through these soft X-ray spectroscopy techniques.

Here, we present a protocol for typical experiments of soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (sXAS) and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) with applications in battery material studies.

軟 x 線吸収分光と共鳴非弾性 x 線散乱による電池の化学元素高感度検出

Energy storage has become more and more a limiting factor of today's sustainable energy applications, including electric vehicles and green electric grid ...

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

In this report, we describe a detailed procedure for acquiring and processing&#160;x-ray microfluorescence (&#956;XRF), and Laue and powder microdiffraction two-dimensional (2D) maps at beamline 12.3.2 of the Advanced Light Source (ALS), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Measurements can be performed on any sample that is less than 10 cm x 10 cm x 5 cm, with a flat exposed surface. The experimental geometry is calibrated using standard materials (elemental standards for XRF, and crystalline samples such as Si, quartz, or Al2O3 for diffraction). Samples are aligned to the focal point of the x-ray microbeam, and raster scans are performed, where each pixel of a map corresponds to one measurement, e.g., one XRF spectrum or one diffraction pattern. The data are then processed using the in-house developed software XMAS, which outputs text files, where each row corresponds to a pixel position. Representative data from moissanite and an olive snail shell are presented to demonstrate data quality, collection, and analysis strategies.

We describe a beamline setup meant to carry out rapid two-dimensional x-ray fluorescence and x-ray microdiffraction mapping of single crystal or powder samples using either Laue (polychromatic radiation) or powder (monochromatic radiation) diffraction. The resulting maps give information about strain, orientation, phase distribution, and plastic deformation.

・鉱物及び岩石試料の蛍光を放射光 x 線回折

In this report, we describe a detailed procedure for acquiring and processing&#160;x-ray microfluorescence (&#956;XRF), and Laue and powder ...

Expression of Cementitious Pore Solution and the Analysis of Its Chemical Composition and Resistivity Using X-ray Fluorescence

The goal of this method is to determine the chemical composition and electrical resistivity of cementitious pore solution expressed from a fresh paste sample. The pore solution is expressed from a fresh paste sample using a pressurized nitrogen gas system. The pore solution is then immediately transferred to a syringe to minimize evaporation and carbonation. After that, assembled testing containers are used for the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurement. These containers consist of two concentric plastic cylinders and a polypropylene film which seals one of the two open sides. The pore solution is added into the container immediately prior to the XRF measurement. The XRF is calibrated to detect the main ionic species in the pore solution, in particular, sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and sulfide (S2-), to calculate sulfate (SO42-) using stoichiometry. The hydroxides (OH-) can be calculated from a charge balance. To calculate the electrical resistivity of the solution, the concentrations of the main ionic species and a model by Snyder et al. are used. The electrical resistivity of the pore solution can be used, along with the electrical resistivity of concrete, to determine the formation factor of concrete. XRF is a potential alternative to current methods to determine the composition of pore solution, which can provide benefits in terms of reduction in time and costs.

This protocol describes the procedure to express fresh pore solution from cementitious systems and the measurement of its ionic composition using X-ray fluorescence. The ionic composition can be used to calculate pore solution electrical resistivity, which can be used, together with concrete electrical resistivity, to determine the formation factor.

セメント細孔溶液の化学組成の蛍光 x 線を用いた比抵抗解析式

The goal of this method is to determine the chemical composition and electrical resistivity of cementitious pore solution expressed from a fresh paste ...

Murine Model for Non-invasive Imaging to Detect and Monitor Ovarian Cancer Recurrence

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in the United States. Although patients initially respond to the current standard of care consisting of surgical debulking and combination chemotherapy consisting of platinum and taxane compounds, almost 90% of patients recur within a few years. In these patients the development of chemoresistant disease limits the efficacy of currently available chemotherapy agents and therefore contributes to the high mortality. To discover novel therapy options that can target recurrent disease, appropriate animal models that closely mimic the clinical profile of patients with recurrent ovarian cancer are required. The challenge in monitoring intra-peritoneal (i.p.) disease limits the use of i.p. models and thus most xenografts are established subcutaneously. We have developed a sensitive optical imaging platform that allows the detection and anatomical location of i.p. tumor mass. The platform includes the use of optical reporters that extend from the visible light range to near infrared, which in combination with 2-dimensional X-ray co-registration can provide anatomical location of molecular signals. Detection is significantly improved by the use of a rotation system that drives the animal to multiple angular positions for 360 degree imaging, allowing the identification of tumors that are not visible in single orientation. This platform provides a unique model to non-invasively monitor tumor growth and evaluate the efficacy of new therapies for the prevention or treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer.

We describe a non-invasive animal imaging platform that allows the detection, quantification, and monitoring of ovarian cancer growth and recurrence. This intra-peritoneal xenograft model mimics the clinical profile of patients with ovarian cancer.

卵巣がん再発を検出し、モニターするための非侵襲的イメージングのためのマウスモデル

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in the United States. Although patients initially respond to the current standard of ...

医学

High Spatial Resolution Chemical Imaging of Implant-Associated Infections with X-ray Excited Luminescence Chemical Imaging Through Tissue

Microbial infections associated with implantable medical devices are a major concern in fracture fixation failure. Early diagnosis of such infection will allow successful eradication with antibiotics without an extra cost for a second surgery. Herein, we describe XELCI as a technique with high X-ray resolution, implant specificity, and chemical sensitivity to noninvasively image chemical concentrations near the surface of implanted medical devices. The devices are coated with chemically reporting surfaces. This chemically responsive surface consists of two layers coated on an implantable medical device; a pH-sensitive layer (bromothymol blue or bromocresol green incorporated hydrogel) which is coated over a red-light emitting scintillator (Gd2O2S: Eu) layer for monitoring. A focused X-ray beam irradiates a spot on the implant, and the red light generated by the scintillator (with 620 nm and 700 nm peaks) is transmitted through the sensing layer which alters the spectral ratio depending on the pH. An image is generated by scanning the X-ray beam across the implant and measuring the spectral ratio of light passing through the tissue point-by-point. We used this imaging technique for monitoring implant-associated infections previously on the bone surface of the femur with a modified implantable plate sensor. Now we are studying pH changes that occur from tibial intramedullary rod infections. Two different types of intramedullary rod designs are used in pre-pilot rabbit studies, and we learned that the XELCI technique could be used to monitor any chemical changes that occur not only on the bone surface but also inside the bone. Thus, this enables noninvasive, high spatial resolution, low background local pH imaging to study implant-associated infection biochemistry.

Here, we present a protocol for high-resolution optical detection of chemical information around implanted medical devices with X-ray excited luminescence chemical imaging (XELCI). This novel imaging technique is developed in our lab which enables studying implant-associated infection biochemistry.

X線励起発光によるインプラント関連感染症の高空間分解能化学イメージング 組織イメージング

Microbial infections associated with implantable medical devices are a major concern in fracture fixation failure. Early diagnosis of such infection will ...

X-ray Fluorescence (XRF)

Source: Laboratory of Dr. Lydia Finney &#8212; Argonne National Laboratory
X-ray fluorescence is an induced, emitted radiation that can be used to generate spectroscopic information. X-ray fluorescence microscopy is a non-destructive imaging technique that uses the induced fluorescence emission of metals to identify and quantify their spatial distribution.

X 線蛍光データマップを使用しての定量化

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

化学固定することによりX線蛍光イメージングのための接着細胞の準備

個々のナノ粒子の3次元元素マッピングのためのエネルギー分散型X線トモグラフィー

その場で検出および核マイクロプローブ分析法を用いた金属酸化物ナノ粒子の単一細胞定量

エネルギー化学 3 D マップの取得フィルター透過電子顕微鏡トモグラフィー

軟 x 線吸収分光と共鳴非弾性 x 線散乱による電池の化学元素高感度検出

・鉱物及び岩石試料の蛍光を放射光 x 線回折

セメント細孔溶液の化学組成の蛍光 x 線を用いた比抵抗解析式

卵巣がん再発を検出し、モニターするための非侵襲的イメージングのためのマウスモデル

X線励起発光によるインプラント関連感染症の高空間分解能化学イメージング組織イメージング

蛍光 x 線 (XRF)

X 線蛍光データ マップを使用しての定量化

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

化学固定することによりX線蛍光イメージングのための接着細胞の準備

個々のナノ粒子の3次元元素マッピングのためのエネルギー分散型X線トモグラフィー

その場で検出および核マイクロ プローブ分析法を用いた金属酸化物ナノ粒子の単一細胞定量

エネルギー化学 3 D マップの取得フィルター透過電子顕微鏡トモグラフィー

軟 x 線吸収分光と共鳴非弾性 x 線散乱による電池の化学元素高感度検出

・鉱物及び岩石試料の蛍光を放射光 x 線回折

セメント細孔溶液の化学組成の蛍光 x 線を用いた比抵抗解析式

卵巣がん再発を検出し、モニターするための非侵襲的イメージングのためのマウスモデル

X線励起発光によるインプラント関連感染症の高空間分解能化学イメージング 組織イメージング

蛍光 x 線 (XRF)

X 線蛍光データマップを使用しての定量化

その場で検出および核マイクロプローブ分析法を用いた金属酸化物ナノ粒子の単一細胞定量

X線励起発光によるインプラント関連感染症の高空間分解能化学イメージング組織イメージング