著者らは次のスタッフ メンバーに感謝し、研究の人員: Andrée ゴーティエ ・ フィッシャー、マシュー Librach、ターニャ · バレット、Tharsan Velauthapillai、サラ Laronde。

<ol>
	<li>Potente, M., Gerhardt, H., Carmeliet, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Basic+and+therapeutic+aspects+of+angiogenesis.">Basic and therapeutic aspects of angiogenesis.</a> Cell. 146 (6), 873-887 (2011).</li><li>Hoeben, A., Landuyt, B., Highley, M. S., Wildiers, H., Van Oosterom, A. T., De Bruijn, E. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vascular+endothelial+growth+factor+and+angiogenesis.">Vascular endothelial growth factor and angiogenesis.</a> Pharmacol Rev. 56 (4), 549-580 (2004).</li><li>Khan, T. A., Sellke, F. W., Laham, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gene+therapy+progress+and+prospects:+therapeutic+angiogenesis+for+limb+and+myocardial+ischemia.">Gene therapy progress and prospects: therapeutic angiogenesis for limb and myocardial ischemia.</a> Gene Ther. 10 (4), 285-291 (2003).</li><li>Gupta, R., Tongers, J., Losordo, D. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+studies+of+angiogenic+gene+therapy.">Human studies of angiogenic gene therapy.</a> Circ Res. 105 (8), 724-736 (2009).</li><li>Chu, H., Wang, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Therapeutic+angiogenesis:+controlled+delivery+of+angiogenic+factors.">Therapeutic angiogenesis: controlled delivery of angiogenic factors.</a> Ther Deliv. 3 (6), 693-714 (2012).</li><li>Cao, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Therapeutic+angiogenesis+for+ischemic+disorders:+what+is+missing+for+clinical+benefits?.">Therapeutic angiogenesis for ischemic disorders: what is missing for clinical benefits?.</a> Discov Med. 9 (46), 179-184 (2010).</li><li>Said, S. S., Pickering, J. G., Mequanint, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Advances+in+growth+factor+delivery+for+therapeutic+angiogenesis.">Advances in growth factor delivery for therapeutic angiogenesis.</a> J Vasc Res. 50 (1), 35-35 (2013).</li><li>Bergers, G., Song, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+pericytes+in+blood-vessel+formation+and+maintenance.">The role of pericytes in blood-vessel formation and maintenance.</a> Neuro Oncol. 7 (4), 452-464 (2005).</li><li>Leeper, N. J., Hunter, A. L., Cooke, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stem+cell+therapy+for+vascular+regeneration:+adult,+embryonic,+and+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells.">Stem cell therapy for vascular regeneration: adult, embryonic, and induced pluripotent stem cells.</a> Circulation. 122 (5), 517-526 (2010).</li><li>Sieveking, D. P., Ng, M. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+therapies+for+therapeutic+angiogenesis:+back+to+the+bench.">Cell therapies for therapeutic angiogenesis: back to the bench.</a> Vasc Med. 14 (2), 153-166 (2009).</li><li>Staton, C. A., Reed, M. W., Brown, N. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+critical+analysis+of+current+in+vitro+and+in+vivo+angiogenesis+assays.">A critical analysis of current in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis assays.</a> Int J Exp Pathol. 90 (3), 195-221 (2009).</li><li>Auerbach, R., Lewis, R., Shinners, B., Kubai, L., Akhtar, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Angiogenesis+assays:+a+critical+overview.">Angiogenesis assays: a critical overview.</a> Clin Chem. 49 (1), 32-40 (2003).</li><li>Tahergorabi, Z., Khazaei, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+review+on+angiogenesis+and+its+assays.">A review on angiogenesis and its assays.</a> Iran J Basic Med Sci. 15 (6), 1110-1126 (2012).</li><li>Arnaoutova, I., George, J., Kleinman, H. K., Benton, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+endothelial+cell+tube+formation+assay+on+basement+membrane+turns+20:+state+of+the+science+and+the+art.">The endothelial cell tube formation assay on basement membrane turns 20: state of the science and the art.</a> Angiogenesis. 12 (3), 267-274 (2009).</li><li>Arnaoutova, I., Kleinman, H. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+angiogenesis:+endothelial+cell+tube+formation+on+gelled+basement+membrane+extract.">In vitro angiogenesis: endothelial cell tube formation on gelled basement membrane extract.</a> Nat Protoc. 5 (4), 628-635 (2010).</li><li>Norrby, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+models+of+angiogenesis.">In vivo models of angiogenesis.</a> J Cell Mol Med. 10 (3), 588-612 (2006).</li><li>Nicosia, R. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+aortic+ring+model+of+angiogenesis:+a+quarter+century+of+search+and+discovery.">The aortic ring model of angiogenesis: a quarter century of search and discovery.</a> J Cell Mol Med. 13 (10), 4113-4136 (2009).</li><li>Baker, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+the+mouse+aortic+ring+assay+to+study+angiogenesis.">Use of the mouse aortic ring assay to study angiogenesis.</a> Nat Protoc. 7 (1), 89-104 (2011).</li><li>Guo, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+secreted+protein+(Canopy+2,+CNPY2)+enhances+angiogenesis+and+promotes+smooth+muscle+cell+migration+and+proliferation.">A secreted protein (Canopy 2, CNPY2) enhances angiogenesis and promotes smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation.</a> Cardiovasc Res. 105 (3), 383-393 (2015).</li><li>Wittig, C., Scheuer, C., Parakenings, J., Menger, M. D., Laschke, M. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Geraniol+Suppresses+Angiogenesis+by+Downregulating+Vascular+Endothelial+Growth+Factor+(VEGF)/VEGFR-2+Signaling.">Geraniol Suppresses Angiogenesis by Downregulating Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)/VEGFR-2 Signaling.</a> PLoS One. 10 (7), e0131946 (2015).</li><li>Masson, V. V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+Aortic+Ring+Assay:+A+New+Approach+of+the+Molecular+Genetics+of+Angiogenesis.">Mouse Aortic Ring Assay: A New Approach of the Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis.</a> Biol Proced Online. 4, 24-31 (2002).</li><li>Caplan, A. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adult+mesenchymal+stem+cells+for+tissue+engineering+versus+regenerative+medicine.">Adult mesenchymal stem cells for tissue engineering versus regenerative medicine.</a> J Cell Physiol. 213 (2), 341-347 (2007).</li><li>Caplan, A. I., Dennis, J. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchymal+stem+cells+as+trophic+mediators.">Mesenchymal stem cells as trophic mediators.</a> J Cell Biochem. 98 (5), 1076-1084 (2006).</li><li>Keating, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchymal+stromal+cells:+new+directions.">Mesenchymal stromal cells: new directions.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 10 (6), 709-716 (2012).</li><li>Kilroy, G. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cytokine+profile+of+human+adipose-derived+stem+cells:+expression+of+angiogenic,+hematopoietic,+and+pro-inflammatory+factors.">Cytokine profile of human adipose-derived stem cells: expression of angiogenic, hematopoietic, and pro-inflammatory factors.</a> J Cell Physiol. 212 (3), 702-709 (2007).</li><li>Tang, Y. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Paracrine+action+enhances+the+effects+of+autologous+mesenchymal+stem+cell+transplantation+on+vascular+regeneration+in+rat+model+of+myocardial+infarction.">Paracrine action enhances the effects of autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on vascular regeneration in rat model of myocardial infarction.</a> Ann Thorac Surg. 80 (1), 229-236 (2005).</li><li>Caplan, A. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=All+MSCs+are+pericytes?.">All MSCs are pericytes?.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 3 (3), 229-230 (2008).</li><li>Hong, S. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ontogeny+of+human+umbilical+cord+perivascular+cells:+molecular+and+fate+potential+changes+during+gestation.">Ontogeny of human umbilical cord perivascular cells: molecular and fate potential changes during gestation.</a> Stem Cells Dev. 22 (17), 2425-2439 (2013).</li><li>Kilkenny, C., Browne, W. J., Cuthill, I. C., Emerson, M., Altman, D. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improving+bioscience+research+reporting:+The+ARRIVE+guidelines+for+reporting+animal+research.">Improving bioscience research reporting: The ARRIVE guidelines for reporting animal research.</a> J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 1 (2), 94-99 (2010).</li><li>Sarugaser, R., Ennis, J., Stanford, W. L., Davies, J. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation,+propagation,+and+characterization+of+human+umbilical+cord+perivascular+cells+(HUCPVCs).">Isolation, propagation, and characterization of human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVCs).</a> Methods Mol Biol. 482, 269-279 (2009).</li><li>Schneider, C. A., Rasband, W. S., Eliceiri, K. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=NIH+Image+to+ImageJ:+25+years+of+image+analysis.">NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis.</a> Nat Methods. 9 (7), 671-675 (2012).</li><li>Gelati, M., Aplin, A. C., Fogel, E., Smith, K. D., Nicosia, R. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+angiogenic+response+of+the+aorta+to+injury+and+inflammatory+cytokines+requires+macrophages.">The angiogenic response of the aorta to injury and inflammatory cytokines requires macrophages.</a> J Immunol. 181 (8), 5711-5719 (2008).</li></ol>

博士クリフォード ・ l ・ Librach は、特許の共同保有者:最初の学期臍帯組織由来細胞の分離とファージのメソッド。カナダとオーストラリアで与えられます。

成功した大動脈リング アッセイ MSC の培養実験を設定するのにはいくつかの重要な段階があります。まず、最も重要なステップを分離し、大動脈を切断するときは、: 1) 大動脈; の胸部のセグメントのみを取得2) 慎重に分岐血管、結合および脂肪組織を削除して。3) 切削各測定間変動を制限する大動脈 (~ 1 mm) のセクションでさえ。第二に、大動脈リングの BME へ埋め込み成功は、この試金のた...

血管新生の複雑なプロセスを向上させるし、既存の血管1から新しい血容器開発を促進することによって組織の灌流を維持します。それプロ血管新生と血管新生因子によって厳しく規制された、バランスの取れたプロセスです。このシステムの不備不足容器メンテナンスや成長、心筋疾患、脳卒中、神経変性疾患など重篤な虚血性疾患を引き起こす可能性があります。しかし、誇張された血管の開発は、がんや炎症性疾患2などの条件のための特徴です。
有利な組織の再生を達成するために血管新生を制御することを目指す治療法の開発は、重要です。広汎な前臨床および臨床調査にもかかわらずプロ血管新生因子とマイクロ Rna を用いた血管新生を刺激する試みは、望ましい結果3,4,5を達成するために失敗しました。一時的な効果のある可能性があります: 血管新生タンパク質と核酸、有限数の限られた寿命は成長因子6,7を対象とします。可溶性血管新生因子が血管新生を開始するために不可欠であるメンテナンスや血管の機能サポートするペリサイトおよび平滑筋細胞8を含むセルの種類に依存します。プロ血管新生療法の分野は、血管、さらに差別化の自己更新または物理的に新しくサポート開発中血管新生因子、ローカルを提供可能性があります潜在的な幹細胞と前駆細胞源を模索しています。血管内皮細胞 -9,10。これらの機能の要件を満たすために機能を備えた携帯型最適な血管新生を見つける虚血組織再生のための大きい約束を保持します。
潜在的な細胞ベースの治療法を臨床試験に正常に訳し、前臨床試験の有効性を実証し、血管新生機構の解明を強調表示する必要があります。確立された血管新生アッセイの数が多いにもかかわらず、フィールドは確実に潜在的な候補のセル型11,12,の有効性を評価できる「ゴールド スタンダード」の in vitroアッセイを欠いている13. ほとんどの in vitro血管新生アッセイ (内皮細胞の増殖, 移行および管の形成アッセイを含む) 通常内皮細胞表現型変化や分化細胞や化合物の効果の評価鋼管およびネットワーク構造14,15。これらの機能は血管新生に重要な「翻訳」アッセイも評価: 1) 豊胸術や血管や平滑筋細胞、2) ECM や基底膜の処理を含むサポートのセル型の交換と 3)。機能的な血管の形成を促進する効率。角膜アッセイ、マトリゲル プラグ アッセイを含む血管新生モデル生体内でユニークな生体内の微小環境を再現が追跡管理セルの難易度物理的な相互作用の観察に挑戦しています。さらに、生体内でモデル、潜在的な同種細胞療法の候補者16のテスト中 xeno 免疫拒絶反応が行われます。特に大動脈リング分析を提供できる血管新生モデル前のヴィヴォ: 1) 簡単に観察、3) ECM ホストや人工の電源で 4) 炎症性の排除 2) アクセサリー支持細胞管状構造の定量化コンポーネント、および 5) 迅速かつ安価なセットアップ17,18。通常、大動脈リング アッセイは、小さな分泌蛋白質、薬理学的エージェント、およびトランスジェニック齧歯類モデル19,20,21の血管新生可能性をテストできます。
MSCs は、その傍分泌を介する効果22,23,24を通じて主に血管再生医療の有望な候補です。MSCs は、血管内皮増殖因子 (VEGF)、肝細胞増殖因子 (HGF) を含む主要血管新生因子を分泌する示されているインスリン様成長因子 1 (IGF-1)、基本的な線維芽細胞成長因子 (bFGF) と angiopoeitin-1 (Ang-1)25 ,26。また、MSCs を検出することができ、虚血性または炎症に家組織、ただし、厳密なメカニズムはまだ調査中では。ますます、文献はほとんど MSCs 血管周囲細胞から生じるし、共同周皮細胞マーカーを表現し、ペリサイト27のように振る舞うことができる仮説をサポートします。HUCPVCs は、若いひと臍帯の血管領域から派生した MSCs の源です。彼らは、周皮細胞のような性質を持つ MSCs の人口を表し、FTM と用語のへその緒から特徴づけられています。FTM の HUCPVCs は CD146 と NG2、高い増殖能とポテンシャルの免疫特権プロパティを含む周皮細胞マーカーの高発現を示す、堅牢なパラクリン プロファイル28を表示します。FTM の HUCPVCs は、新しい血管周皮細胞のようなプロパティを介しての推進により負傷した組織の再生を促進するための理想的な候補者セル型です。
血管新生の可能性と人間の MSCs の周皮細胞のような性質をテストするのには血管新生アッセイの非常に限られた数が肯定的な利用可能な angiotropic 移行 (以下「ホーミング」という)、ECM 処理、および物理的な開発細胞のタイプ間の相互作用は、血管の開発に関する定量的データを取得しながら調べることができます。
ここ大動脈リング試金の新規アプリケーションを記述するプロトコルを提案する.人間の MSCs は発展途上ラット由来大動脈内皮細胞ネットワークとチューブの形成、成熟および恒常性への貢献を評価するために共培養.このバージョン大動脈リング アッセイの評価能力とホーム新生のサイトに実行し ECM 処理を仲介し、周皮細胞のような物理の確立を通じて内皮の管状の発展に貢献する細胞療法候補者の効能相互作用。培養内皮細胞ネットワーク形成の MSCs の純効果の定量化、細胞間の相互作用を観察することに加え、我々 はまた MSCs を共培養から分離するためのプロトコルを最適化されています。フローサイトメトリーと qPCR を実行、次の共培養 MSC の表現型と遺伝子発現の変化を特徴づけることが可能です。モデル セル型として発生初期と比較した (胎児期) と人間の MSCs の後半 (大人) ソース: FTM HUCPVCs とひと骨髄由来 MSCs (ボーマン)、大動脈リング アッセイで、それぞれ。とき血管再生への応用の検討の下で任意の物理的にサポートのセル型の血管新生の可能性を研究する大動脈リング試金を使用することができることを提案します。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr >
			<td >Alpha-MEM</td>
			<td >Gibco</td>
			<td >12571071</td>
			<td >For FTM HUCPVC and BMSC culture media.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >APC-conjugated anti human TRA-1-85</td>
			<td >R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td >FAB3195A</td>
			<td >Human-specific cell marker for flow cytometry and cell sorting</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Basal membrane extract (BME) (Matrigel)</td>
			<td >Corning</td>
			<td >354234</td>
			<td >For aorta embedding</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Bullet-kit</td>
			<td >Lonza</td>
			<td >CC-3162</td>
			<td >Includes: Gentamicin/Amphotericin-B 
			(GA)human Epidermal 
			Growth Factor (hEGF); Vascular 
			Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF); R3- 
			Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (R3-IGF-1); 
			Ascorbic Acid; Hydrocortisone; 
			human Fibroblast Growth Factor-Beta (hFGF-&#946;); Heparin; Fetal Bovine Serum 
			(FBS). Required to prepare EGM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >CellTracker Green CMFDA Dye</td>
			<td >Thermo-fisher</td>
			<td >C2925</td>
			<td >For staining MSCs, green is picked up optimally by MSCs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >CKX53 Culture Microscope</td>
			<td >Olympus</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td >For bright-field imaging of endothelial network development</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Countess automated cell counter</td>
			<td >Invitrogen</td>
			<td >C10227</td>
			<td >Cell counting for MSC culture, flow cytometry and qPCR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Dispase</td>
			<td >StemCell technologies</td>
			<td >7923</td>
			<td >For dissociating aortic ring-MSC co-cultures (pre-warm at 37 &#176;C)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Disposable sterile scalpels</td>
			<td >VWR</td>
			<td >21909-654</td>
			<td >For sectioning aorta</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Dulbecco&#39;s phosphate buffered saline</td>
			<td >Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td >D8537</td>
			<td >PBS. 1X, Without calcium chloride and magnesium chloride</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Endothelial basal media (EBM)</td>
			<td >Lonza</td>
			<td >CC-3156</td>
			<td >Basal media required for culturing aortic ring assay-MSC co-cultures (warm at 37 &#176;C before use). Required for EGM and EBM-FBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Ethanol, 70%, Biotechnology Grade</td>
			<td >VWR</td>
			<td >97064-768</td>
			<td >To sterilize surfaces</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >EVOS</td>
			<td >Life Technologies</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td >In-house fluorescent microscope to track MSC migration and integration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Hyclone)</td>
			<td >GE Healthcare</td>
			<td >SH3039603</td>
			<td >Serum component of cell culture medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >FITC-conjugated anti-CD31 antibody</td>
			<td >BD</td>
			<td >558068</td>
			<td >Human endothelial marker for flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >FITC-conjugated anti-CD146antibody</td>
			<td >BD</td>
			<td >560846</td>
			<td >Human pericyte marker for flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Forceps</td>
			<td >Almedic</td>
			<td >7727-A10-704</td>
			<td >For handing rat tissue. Can use any similar forceps</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Hank&#39;s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS)</td>
			<td >Life Technologies</td>
			<td >14175-094</td>
			<td >1X Without calcium chloride and magnesium chloride</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >HERAcell 150i CO2 Incubator</td>
			<td >Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td >51026410</td>
			<td >For incubating cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Human Angiogenesis RT2 profiler PCR array</td>
			<td >Qiagen</td>
			<td >PAHS-024Z</td>
			<td >Human specific and includes primers for 84 genes involved in angiogenesis. Each well is 1 primer reaction</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >ImageJ</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td ></td>
			<td >Open source image processing software. Require Angiogenesis analyzer plugin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >LSR II</td>
			<td >BD</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td >UHN SickKids FC Facility. For flow cytometry.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >MoFlo Astrios</td>
			<td >Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td >UHN SickKids FC Facility. For cell sorting.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Penicillin/streptomycin</td>
			<td >Gibco</td>
			<td >15140122</td>
			<td >Antibiotic component to buffers and cell culture medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >RNeasy Mini Kit</td>
			<td >Qiagen</td>
			<td >74104</td>
			<td >For RNA purification. Includes cell lysis buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >RT2Easy First Strand Kit</td>
			<td >Qiagen</td>
			<td >330421</td>
			<td >For preparation of cDNA for qPCR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >RT2PreAMP cDNA Synthesis Kit</td>
			<td >Qiagen</td>
			<td >330451</td>
			<td >Pre-amplification of cDNA if low-yield RNA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Surgical scissors</td>
			<td >Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td >14059-11</td>
			<td >For cutting skin, muscle and aorta</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Sterile gauze</td>
			<td >VWR</td>
			<td >3084</td>
			<td >To dampen and sterilize chest fur</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >TrypleE</td>
			<td >Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12605036</td>
			<td >MSC dissociation enzyme pre-warm at 37 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >0.2 &#956;m pore filtration unit</td>
			<td >Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td >566-0020</td>
			<td >To sterilize tissue culture media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >0.25% Trypsin/EDTA</td>
			<td >Gibco</td>
			<td >25200056</td>
			<td >For cell dissociation, pre-warm at 37 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >10 cm tissue culture dishes</td>
			<td >Corning</td>
			<td >25382-428</td>
			<td >For cleaning and sectioning aorta and MSC cell culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >12 well-cell culture plates</td>
			<td >Corning-Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td >CLS3513</td>
			<td >For setting up aortic ring assay-MSC co-cultures</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >15 mL tube</td>
			<td >BD Falcon</td>
			<td >352096</td>
			<td >For general tissue culture procedures</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >70 &#956;m cell strainer</td>
			<td >Fisherbrand</td>
			<td >22363548</td>
			<td >To ensure a single cell suspension before flow cytometry or sorting</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

the aortic ring co-culture assay: a convenient tool to assess the angiogenic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells in vitro

血管新生は複雑で規制の厳しいプロセスを提供し、適切な組織灌流を維持する役割を担います。十分な血管のメンテナンスおよび病理学的奇形は、過度に豊富な血管新生は癌や炎症性疾患に関連付けられている重篤な虚血性疾患の起因できます。プロ血管新生療法の有望なフォームは、血管を新しく開発するため規制の要因だけでなく、物理的なサポートを提供することができます血管新生細胞源の使用です。
間葉系間質細胞 (MSCs) は、虚血や炎症を起こしている組織に家を検出してそのパラクライン効果と自分の能力のための血管再生のため広範囲調査候補です。特に、最初の学期はひと臍帯血管周囲細胞 (FTM HUCPVCs) の周皮細胞のような性質、高い増殖能とポテンシャル、免疫特権プロパティ、および堅牢なパラクリンのための非常に有望な候補者プロファイル。潜在的血管新生細胞を効果的に評価、信頼性の高いにそれらと「翻訳」の前臨床アッセイをテストする前提条件です。大動脈リング アッセイは管状の内皮構造の簡単な定量化を可能、ホストからアクセサリー支持細胞と細胞外マトリックス (ECM) を提供します、炎症性成分を除外、 ex vivo血管新生モデル高速かつ安価で設定します。これは生体内でモデル (例えば、角膜の試金、マトリゲル プラグ法) と比較されたとき有利です。大動脈リング アッセイは、投与細胞を追跡し、異種免疫拒絶反応を回避しながら細胞間の相互作用を観察できます。
応用発展途上ラット大動脈内皮細胞ネットワークとの共培養でヒト MSCs を含む大動脈リングの試金のためのプロトコルを提案します。この試金は、チューブの形成と物理的周皮細胞のような相互作用を開発する MSC の貢献とその効力積極的に血管新生のサイトに移行するため、実行して仲介する能力を評価するための分析ECM の処理。このプロトコルは、次の共培養 MSC の表現型と遺伝子発現の変化に関するさらに詳しい情報を提供します。

大動脈リング/MSC 共培養法を確立するための作業フローの図は、図 1に示されています。主な手順を含める: ラット大動脈隔離区分し大動脈リングの埋め込み、監視内皮発芽およびネットワークの開発と最後にラベリング、MSCs を管理します。内皮細胞ネットワーク解析のタイムライン共培養期間ごとに実行可能な解析のウィンドウの概要: 日 1、5...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Aortic Ring Co-culture Assay: A Convenient Tool to Assess the Angiogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In Vitro at JoVE.com

The Aortic Ring Co-culture Assay: A Convenient Tool to Assess the Angiogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In Vitro

ここでは、prelabelled の間葉系細胞がラット大動脈由来血管内皮ネットワークとの共培養して大動脈リング測定の新たな応用を提示します。この手法では、間葉系間質細胞 (MSCs) ホーミングと内皮細胞ネットワークとの統合の可視化、ネットワークのプロパティの定量化と MSC immunophenotypes と遺伝子発現の評価をことができます。

大動脈リング共培養アッセイ:体外間葉系間質細胞の血管新生の可能性を評価するために便利なツール

Angiogenesis is a complex, highly regulated process responsible for providing and maintaining adequate tissue perfusion. Insufficient vasculature ...

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Developmental Biology

The Aortic Ring Co-culture Assay: A Convenient Tool to Assess the Angiogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In Vitro

10.9K ビュー.  Create Fertility Centre. ここでは、prelabelled の間葉系細胞がラット大動脈由来血管内皮ネットワークとの共培養して大動脈リング測定の新たな応用を提示します。この手法では、間葉系間質細胞 (MSCs) ホーミングと内皮細胞ネットワークとの統合の可視化、ネットワークのプロパティの定量化と MSC immunophenotypes と遺伝子発現の評価をことができます。

ビデオ: The Aortic Ring Co-culture Assay: A Convenient Tool to Assess the Angiogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In Vitro

Production and Use of Lentivirus to Selectively Transduce Primary Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells for In Vitro Myelination Assays

Myelination is a complex process that involves both neurons and the myelin forming glial cells, oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). We use an in vitro myelination assay, an established model for studying CNS myelination in vitro. To do this, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are added to the purified primary rodent dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons to form myelinating co-cultures. In order to specifically interrogate the roles that particular proteins expressed by oligodendrocytes exert upon myelination we have developed protocols that selectively transduce OPCs using the lentivirus overexpressing wild type, constitutively active or dominant negative proteins before being seeded onto the DRG neurons. This allows us to specifically interrogate the roles of these oligodendroglial proteins in regulating myelination. The protocols can also be applied in the study of other cell types, thus providing an approach that allows selective manipulation of proteins expressed by a desired cell type, such as oligodendrocytes for the targeted study of signaling and compensation mechanisms. In conclusion, combining the in vitro myelination assay with lentiviral infected OPCs provides a strategic tool for the analysis of molecular mechanisms involved in myelination.

Production and Use of Lentivirus to Selectively Transduce Primary Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells for In Vitro Myelination Assays

Here we present protocols that offer a flexible and strategic foundation for virally manipulating oligodendrocyte precursor cells to overexpress proteins of interest in order to specifically interrogate their role in oligodendrocytes via the in vitro model of central nervous system myelination.

生産と選択的に伝達する一次オリゴデンドロサイト前駆細胞へのレンチを使用するための<em&gt;インビトロ</em&gt;髄鞘形成アッセイ

Myelination is a complex process that involves both neurons and the myelin forming glial cells, oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) and ...

発生生物学

Optimization of the Wound Scratch Assay to Detect Changes in Murine Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Migration After Damage by Soluble Cigarette Smoke Extract

Cell migration is vital to many physiological and pathological processes including tissue development, repair, and regeneration, cancer metastasis, and inflammatory responses. Given the current interest in the role of mesenchymal stromal cells in mediating tissue repair, we are interested in quantifying the migratory capacity of these cells, and understanding how migratory capacity may be altered after damage. Optimization of a rigorously quantitative migration assay that is both easy to customize and cost-effective to perform is key to answering questions concerning alterations in cell migration in response to various stimuli. Current methods for quantifying cell migration, including scratch assays, trans-well migration assays (Boyden chambers), micropillar arrays, and cell exclusion zone assays, possess a range of limitations in reproducibility, customizability, quantification, and cost-effectiveness. Despite its prominent use, the scratch assay is confounded by issues with reproducibility related to damage of the cell microenvironment, impediments to cell migration, influence of neighboring senescent cells, and cell proliferation, as well as lack of rigorous quantification. The optimized scratch assay described here demonstrates robust outcomes, quantifiable and image-based analysis capabilities, cost-effectiveness, and adaptability to other applications.

The capacity to migrate is a key function of many different cell types, including mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). However, quantifying alterations in migratory capacity after damage is challenging. This protocol describes an easily adaptable migration assay that uses rigorous statistics to quantify changes in MSC migratory capacity after damage.

可溶性タバコの煙抽出物によって損傷した後のマウス間葉系幹細胞の移動の変化を検出するために創傷スクラッチアッセイの最適化

Cell migration is vital to many physiological and pathological processes including tissue development, repair, and regeneration, cancer metastasis, and ...

Development of an In Vitro Assay to Evaluate Contractile Function of Mesenchymal Cells that Underwent Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Fibrosis is often involved in the pathogenesis of various chronic progressive diseases such as interstitial pulmonary disease. Pathological hallmark is the formation of fibroblastic foci, which is associated with the disease severity. Mesenchymal cells consisting of the fibroblastic foci are proposed to be derived from several cell sources, including originally resident intrapulmonary fibroblasts and circulating fibrocytes from bone marrow. Recently, mesenchymal cells that underwent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) have been also supposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of fibrosis. In addition, EMT can be induced by transforming growth factor &#946;, and EMT can be enhanced by pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor &#945;. The gel contraction assay is an ideal in vitro model for the evaluation of contractility, which is one of the characteristic functions of fibroblasts and contributes to wound repair and fibrosis. Here, the development of a gel contraction assay is demonstrated for evaluating contractile ability of mesenchymal cells that underwent EMT.

Development of an In Vitro Assay to Evaluate Contractile Function of Mesenchymal Cells that Underwent Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Here, we describe the development and application of a gel contraction assay for evaluating contractile function in mesenchymal cells that underwent epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

開発<em&gt;インビトロ</em&gt;アッセイは、間葉細胞受けた上皮間葉移行の収縮機能を評価します

Fibrosis is often involved in the pathogenesis of various chronic progressive diseases such as interstitial pulmonary disease. Pathological hallmark is ...

Isolation and Expansion of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Derived from Human Placenta Tissue

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are promising candidates for use in cell-based therapies. In most cases, therapeutic response appears to be cell-dose dependent. Human term placenta is rich in MSC and is a physically large tissue that is generally discarded following birth. Placenta is an ideal starting material for the large-scale manufacture of multiple cell doses of allogeneic MSC. The placenta is a fetomaternal organ from which either fetal or maternal tissue can be isolated. This article describes the placental anatomy and procedure to dissect apart the decidua (maternal), chorionic villi (fetal), and chorionic plate (fetal) tissue. The protocol then outlines how to isolate MSC from each dissected tissue region, and provides representative analysis of expanded MSC derived from the respective tissue types. These methods are intended for pre-clinical MSC isolation, but have also been adapted for clinical manufacture of placental MSC for human therapeutic use.

Herein we describe methods for the dissection of fetal and maternal tissues from human term placenta, followed by isolation and expansion of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) from these tissues.

単離およびヒト胎盤組織由来の間葉系幹/間質細胞の増殖

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are promising candidates for use in cell-based therapies. In most cases, therapeutic response appears to be cell-dose ...

Induction of Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transitions in Sarcoma Cells

Phenotypic plasticity refers to a phenomenon in which cells transiently gain traits of another lineage. During carcinoma progression, phenotypic plasticity drives invasion, dissemination and metastasis. Indeed, while most of the studies of phenotypic plasticity have been in the context of epithelial-derived carcinomas, it turns out sarcomas, which are mesenchymal in origin, also exhibit phenotypic plasticity, with a subset of sarcomas undergoing a phenomenon that resembles a mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). Here, we developed a method comprising the miR-200 family and grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2) to mimic this MET-like phenomenon observed in sarcoma patient samples.We sequentially express GRHL2 and the miR-200 family using cell transduction and transfection, respectively, to better understand the molecular underpinnings of these phenotypic transitions in sarcoma cells. Sarcoma cells expressing miR-200s and GRHL2 demonstrated enhanced epithelial characteristics in cell morphology and alteration of epithelial and mesenchymal biomarkers. Future studies using these methods can be used to better understand the phenotypic consequences of MET-like processes on sarcoma cells, such as migration, invasion, metastatic propensity, and therapy resistance.

We present here a cell culture method for inducing mesenchymal-epithelial transitions (MET) in sarcoma cells based on combined ectopic expression of microRNA-200 family members and grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2). This method is suitable for better understanding the biological impact of phenotypic plasticity on cancer aggressiveness and treatments.

肉腫細胞における間葉上皮移行の誘導

Phenotypic plasticity refers to a phenomenon in which cells transiently gain traits of another lineage. During carcinoma progression, phenotypic ...

A 5-mC Dot Blot Assay Quantifying the DNA Methylation Level of Chondrocyte Dedifferentiation In Vitro

The dedifferentiation of hyaline chondrocytes into fibroblastic chondrocytes often accompanies monolayer expansion of chondrocytes in vitro. The global DNA methylation level of chondrocytes is considered to be a suitable biomarker for the loss of the chondrocyte phenotype. However, results based on different experimental methods can be inconsistent. Therefore, it is important to establish a precise, simple, and rapid method to quantify global DNA methylation levels during chondrocyte dedifferentiation.
Current genome-wide methylation analysis techniques largely rely on bisulfite genomic sequencing. Due to DNA degradation during bisulfite conversion, these methods typically require a large sample volume. Other methods used to quantify global DNA methylation levels include high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, HPLC requires complete digestion of genomic DNA. Additionally, the prohibitively high cost of HPLC instruments limits HPLC&#39;s wider application.
In this study, genomic DNA (gDNA) was extracted from human chondrocytes cultured with varying number of passages. The gDNA methylation level was detected using a methylation-specific dot blot assay. In this dot blot approach, a gDNA mixture containing the methylated DNA to be detected was spotted directly onto an N+ membrane as a dot inside a previously drawn circular template pattern. Compared with other gel electrophoresis-based blotting approaches and other complex blotting procedures, the dot blot method saves significant time. In addition, dot blots can detect overall DNA methylation level using a commercially available 5-mC antibody. We found that the DNA methylation level differed between the monolayer subcultures, and therefore could play a key role in chondrocyte dedifferentiation. The 5-mC dot blot is a reliable, simple, and rapid method to detect the general DNA methylation level to evaluate chondrocyte phenotype.

A 5-mC Dot Blot Assay Quantifying the DNA Methylation Level of Chondrocyte Dedifferentiation In Vitro

We present a method to quantify DNA methylation based on the 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) dot blot. We determined the 5-mC levels during chondrocyte dedifferentiation. This simple technique could be used to quickly determine the chondrocyte phenotype in ACI treatment.

軟骨細胞分化のDNAメチル化レベルを定量化する5-mCドットブロットアッセイ<em&gt;インビトロ</em

The dedifferentiation of hyaline chondrocytes into fibroblastic chondrocytes often accompanies monolayer expansion of chondrocytes in vitro. The global ...

Isolation and Characterization of Primary Rat Valve Interstitial Cells: A New Model to Study Aortic Valve Calcification

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is characterized by the progressive thickening of the aortic valve leaflets. It is a condition frequently found in the elderly and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, who commonly suffer from hyperphosphatemia and hypercalcemia. At present, there are no medication therapies that can stop its progression. The mechanisms that underlie this pathological process remain unclear. The aortic valve leaflet is composed of a thin layer of valve endothelial cells (VECs) on the outer surfaces of the aortic cusps, with valve interstitial cells (VICs) sandwiched between the VECs. The use of a rat model enables the in vitro study of ectopic calcification based on the in vivo physiopathological serum phosphate (Pi) and calcium (Ca) levels of patients who suffer from hyperphosphatemia and hypercalcemia. The described protocol details the isolation of a pure rat VIC population as shown by the expression of VIC markers: alpha-smooth muscle actin (&#945;-SMA) vimentin and tissue growth factor beta (TGF&#946;) 1 and 2, and the absence of cluster of differentiation (CD) 31, a VEC marker. By expanding these VICs, biochemical, genetic, and imaging studies can be performed to study and unravel the key mediators underpinning CAVD.

This protocol describes the isolation, culture, and calcification of rat-derived valve interstitial cells, a highly physiological in vitro model of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). Exploitation of this rat model facilitates CAVD research in exploring the cell and molecular mechanisms that underlie this complex pathological process.

初代ラットの分離と性状バルブ間質細胞: 大動脈弁石灰化を研究するための新しいモデル

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is characterized by the progressive thickening of the aortic valve leaflets. It is a condition frequently found in ...

Corneal Tissue Engineering: An In Vitro Model of the Stromal-nerve Interactions of the Human Cornea

Tissue engineering has gained substantial recognition due to the high demand for human cornea replacements with an estimated 10 million people worldwide suffering from corneal vision loss1. To address the demand for viable human corneas, significant progress in three-dimensional (3D) tissue engineering has been made2,3,4. These cornea models range from simple monolayer systems to multilayered models, leading to 3D full-thickness corneal equivalents2.
However, the use of a 3D tissue-engineered cornea in the context of in vitro disease models studied to date lacks resemblance to the multilayered 3D corneal tissue structure, function, and the networking of different cell types (i.e., nerve, epithelium, stroma, and endothelium)2,3. In addition, the demand for in vitro cornea tissue models has increased in an attempt to reduce animal testing for pharmaceutical products. Thus, more sophisticated models are required to better match systems to human physiological requirements, and the development of a model that is more relevant to the patient population is absolutely necessary. Given that multiple cell types in the cornea are affected by diseases and dystrophies, such as Keratoconus, Diabetic Keratopathy, and Fuchs, this model includes a 3D co-culture model of primary human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs) from healthy donors and neurons from the SH-SY5Y cell line. This allows us for the first time to investigate the interactions between the two cell types within the human corneal tissue. We believe that this model could potentially dissect the underlying mechanisms associated with the stromal-nerve interactions of corneal diseases that exhibit nerve damages. This 3D model mirrors the basic anatomical and physiological nature of the corneal tissue in vivo and can be used in the future as a tool for investigating corneal defects as well as screening the efficacy of various agents before animal testing.

Corneal Tissue Engineering: An In Vitro Model of the Stromal-nerve Interactions of the Human Cornea

This protocol describes a novel three-dimensional in vitro model, where corneal stromal cells and differentiated neuronal cells are cultured together to assist in the examination and understanding of the interactions of the two cell types.

角膜組織工学: In Vitroのモデル人間の角膜の神経間質相互作用

Tissue engineering has gained substantial recognition due to the high demand for human cornea replacements with an estimated 10 million people worldwide ...

Isolation of Human Endometrial Stromal Cells for In Vitro Decidualization

The differentiation of human endometrial stromal cells (HESC) from fibroblast-like appearance into secretory decidua is a transformation required for embryo implantation into the uterine lining of the maternal womb. Improper decidualization has been established as a root cause for implantation failure and subsequent early embryo miscarriage. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying decidualization is advantageous to improving the rate of successful births. In vivo based studies of artificial decidualization are often limiting due to ethical dilemmas associated with human research, as well as translational complications within animal models. As a result, in vitro assays through primary cell culture are often utilized to explore the modulation of decidualization via hormones. This study provides a detailed protocol for the isolation of HESC and subsequent artificial decidualization via the supplementation of hormones to the culturing medium. Further, this study provides a well-designed method to knockdown any gene of interest by utilizing lipid-based siRNA transfections. This protocol permits the optimization of culture purity as well as product yield, thereby maximizing the ability to utilize this model as a reliable method to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying decidualization, and the subsequent quantification of secreted agents by decidualized endometrial stromal cells.

Isolation of Human Endometrial Stromal Cells for In Vitro Decidualization

This study presents a validated and optimized procedure for the isolation and culture of human endometrial stromal cells to conduct in vitro decidualization assay. Further, this study provides a detailed method to efficiently knockdown a specific gene using siRNAs in human endometrial stromal cells.

エストロージェン体外用ひと子宮内膜間質細胞の分離

The differentiation of human endometrial stromal cells (HESC) from fibroblast-like appearance into secretory decidua is a transformation required for ...

Computational Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline to Study the Distribution of Nuclei, Proteins, and the Cytoskeleton

The Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) germline is used to study several biologically important processes including stem cell development, apoptosis, and chromosome dynamics. While the germline is an excellent model, the analysis is often two dimensional due to the time and labor required for three-dimensional analysis. Major readouts in such studies are the number/position of nuclei and protein distribution within the germline. Here, we present a method to perform automated analysis of the germline using confocal microscopy and computational approaches to determine the number and position of nuclei in each region of the germline. Our method also analyzes germline protein distribution that enables the three-dimensional examination of protein expression in different genetic backgrounds. Further, our study shows variations in cytoskeletal architecture in distinct regions of the germline that may accommodate specific spatial developmental requirements. Finally, our method enables automated counting of the sperm in the spermatheca of each germline. Taken together, our method enables rapid and reproducible phenotypic analysis of the C. elegans germline.

Computational Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline to Study the Distribution of Nuclei, Proteins, and the Cytoskeleton

We present an automated method for three-dimensional reconstruction of the Caenorhabditis elegans germline. Our method determines the number and position of each nucleus within the germline and analyses germline protein distribution and cytoskeletal structure.

核の分布、蛋白質および細胞骨格を研究する線虫生殖細胞の解析

The Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) germline is used to study several biologically important processes including stem cell development, apoptosis, and ...