著者は、サンプルを提供するため Glenn s. ソロモンを認めたいと思います。この作品は、全米科学財団 (DMR-1452840) によって支えられました。

<ol>
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著者が明らかに何もありません。

プロトコルの重要な手順です: モード マッチングと導波管モードを励起光の配置適切なアライメントとコレクション光学系の焦点します。これらの手順の最も困難な部分が初期配置です。既に整列セットアップの結合を最適化するは比較的簡単です。コレクションと励起領域の重複は、この機能なしでは非常に難しいですが、カメラのサンプルをイメージする能力を持つ単純なステップです?...

共鳴励起蛍光検出と組み合わせて単一量子エミッタは強力な励起散乱から弱い蛍光スペクトルを差別できないのため主に長期的な実験課題だったこの難易度では、ただし、正常にで克服されている過去 10 年間で 2 つの異なるアプローチ: 暗視野共励振による偏波識別1,2,3,4 、5、および直交励起検出に基づく空間モード差別6,7,8,9,10、11、 12,13,14。両方のアプローチの大幅レーザー散乱を抑制する強力な能力し、スピン光子エンタングルメント5,15,の観測などの様々 な実験でこのように広く採用されて16、服を着た状態2,7,12,17,18,19,20,21のデモ,22,23,24,25,26日と限られたスピン3,27,28,29,30のコヒーレント操作。どちらのアプローチは、すべての状況に普遍的に適用できます。それぞれはいくつかの特定の条件に限定されます。暗視野法では、光子励起レーザー散乱抑制の自由度偏波を採用しています。このテクニックには、いくつかの利点があります。たとえば、共焦点のみの実装を可能にする明確に定義された導波管モードの要件はありません。共焦点の実装は円偏波励振および高い励起強度の結果として量子エミッタに励起光の可能性がより緊密なフォーカスをことができます。ただし、この偏波選択メソッドは励起分極に直交するように検出偏光を制限し、蛍光の偏光特性の完全な評価を防止すること。比較では、空間モード差別はレーザー散乱4を抑制するための励起と検出ビームの伝搬モードの間直交性を用いた偏波検出の完全な自由を保持します。この手法の制約がサンプルの導波路構造の直交検出モード励振モードを提供する必要性とビームの伝搬方向に対して垂直に励起分極の制限.
ここでは、共鳴蛍光実験用無料スペース ベース直交励起検出設定を構成するプロトコルを示す.6空洞に光を連結する光ファイバーを用いて空間モード判別に関する先駆的な仕事と比較して、このプロトコル, 自由空間におけるソリューションを提供します、どちらかサンプルをマウントする動的コンポーネントを必要としないまたはクライオスタットの繊維。励起光の検出パス方向の微調整は、一重項の非球面レンズは、クリオスタットの冷たい領域内の目的を中心として、クライオスタット、外部光学系によって操作されます。共鳴励起と単一量子ドットからの蛍光性の検出を達成する過程でキー配置手順の代表的な画像を提供します。
このデモで使用するサンプルは、分子線エピタキシー (MBE 法) により栽培されています。InGaAs 量子ドット (Qd) は、図 1のサンプルのビューでズームで示すように、2 つ分布ブラッグ反射鏡 (Dbr) によって囲まれている GaAs スペーサーに埋め込まれます。Dbr 領域間 GaAs のスペーサーは、励起光が全反射によって限られている、導波管として機能します。Dbr 領域は、試料面にほぼ垂直な wavevectors 用高反射率ミラーとしても使用。これを形成する量子ドットの蛍光を発光するときカップル ファブリ ・ モード。ファブリ ・ ペロー モードは整数である GaAs スペーサーが必要です、量子ドットの発光波長 λ と共鳴する必要があります λ/n、n は GaAs の屈折の倍数。このデモでは、GaAs のスペーサーの厚さは 4λ/n に選ばれた、入射励起光の回折限界のスポット サイズ近くなるように、約 1 μ m であります。狭いスペーサー低結合効率励起光の導波管モードになります。
実験装置は図 1に示します。開口数 NA で非球面単レンズ目的 Eobj結合効率を最大化する = 0.5 とサンプルの劈開面に励起光を集中する 8 mm の焦点距離を選択。励起パスでケプラー式望遠鏡 (レンズのペアの E1 と E2 で構成) の機能は 2 倍: 励起光は良いモード一致 (導波管をしっかりと焦点を当てて、励起電子の目的objの開口部を入力する (1)この実現平行ビーム径が 2.5 mm)、(2) 3 サンプルの劈開面に励起光の焦点を操縦する自由度を提供します。レンズ E1 は、劈開サンプル面の平面で自由に励起スポットをシフトする自由の 2 つの学位を提供する X と Y の並進マウントにマウントされています。レンズの E2 は、非回転ズームのサンプルで焦点の深さを選択する自由を提供する住宅にマウントされます。これらの 3 自由度サンプル自体の動きを必要とせず単一量子ドットの共鳴励起を最適化すること。
蛍光コレクションのパス同じようなレンズ構成 (LobjL1 と L2) を使用して、サンプルの異なった部分からの蛍光性の検出を許可します。サンプルからの光がフォーカスされてか赤外線高感度カメラ (Lカム) に 2 つの管のレンズの 1 つまたは分光計 (L仕様) の入口スリット。L1 の z 軸方向の動きが、イメージの焦点を調整し、L2 の側面翻訳、サンプルの平面全体をスキャンする画像します。L1 と L2 の焦点距離の長さが等しいので、倍率は統一です。これは、ケラレが発生する前に、L2 を翻訳できる範囲を最大限に実行されます。
配置とを QD の場所を容易にするには、ケーラー照明に基づいて家造られた照明は、図 1に示すように、セットアップに組み込まれます。ケーラー照明の目的のサンプルに均一な照明を提供し、ことを確認することです i照明光源の魔道士はサンプル画像で表示されません。照明とコレクションのパスの両方のレンズ構成はサンプルと光源の共役像面を別々 に慎重に設計されています。コレクションのパスにすべてのレンズはその焦点距離の合計で隣国から区切られます。これにより、どこにサンプル画像は、フォーカス--カメラのセンサーで光源の像は完全にデフォーカスのよう。同様に、光源の像がフォーカス--対物レンズの後焦点面でサンプル画像が完全に多重のよう。光源は、発光ダイオード (LED) ・ 940 商業発光 nm。絞り、照度の調整が可能、フィールド ダイヤフラムは明るくしてビューのフィールドを決定します。均一な照明を実現するキーはの間の距離を設定するのには、レンズの 2 つのレンズの焦点距離の長さの合計に K4 と L2 とする L の開口部を確保するため、objが照明によって詰めすぎていません。このプロトコルでは、照明はまた Lobjとサンプル間距離を最適化するために使用されます。
目的 Lobjとチューブ レンズのどちらかは、カメラや分光計で 20 倍の倍率を提供します。Lobjと L仕様のレンズのペア L3 と L4 は、電荷結合素子 (CCD) の分光計のイメージに余分な 4 倍を提供する別のケプラー式望遠鏡を形成します。L3 と L4 の結果の合計倍率 80 x は、空間的近くドット L3 と L4 から蛍光を区別する必要があるため、表示倍率の切り替えを容易にするマウントを反転にマウントされているレンズの 20 倍の倍率。サンプルのビューの大きなフィールドを提供します。
光導波路を介して励起光のパスを持つコレクションのパスのビューのフィールドが重複する湿潤層量子ドットの連続体から排出が便利です。上記のバンド ギャップ励起下でサンプルの発光スペクトルを測定することによって濡れ層の発光波長を決定できます。サンプルでは、約 880 で発生しますぬれ層排出 4.2 K で nm880 でcwレーザを結合することによってサンプルの導波路に nm、1 つは付属のビデオで示されているぬれ層から PL によって形成されるストリーク パターンを観察できます。ストリーク カメラは、導波路に結合されて励起光の伝搬経路を明らかにします。配置を簡単に試料の表面のイメージを機能と組み合わせてこの連勝の存在。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Tunable external cavity diode laser</td>
			<td>Toptica Photonics</td>
			<td>DL-Pro</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Closed-cycle cryostat</td>
			<td>Montana Instruments</td>
			<td>Cryostation</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spectrometer, 750 mm focal length</td>
			<td>Princeton Instruments</td>
			<td>SpectraPro 2750</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermoelectrically cooled charge-coupled device</td>
			<td>Princeton Instruments</td>
			<td>Pixis 100BR-eXcelon</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HeNe laser</td>
			<td>JDSU</td>
			<td>1125P</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Infrared sensitive camera</td>
			<td>Sony</td>
			<td>NEX-5TL</td>
			<td>IR blocking filter removed</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Power meter and detector</td>
			<td>Newport</td>
			<td>1918-C, 918D-IR-OD3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Adjustable aspheric fiber collimator</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>CFC-8X-A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Air-Spaced Doublet Collimator</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>F810APC-842</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Protected Silver Mirrors x 5</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>PF10-03-P01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Flip mounts x 2</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>FM90</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aspheric condenser lens, f = 20 mm; K1</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>ACL2520-B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Best form spherical lens, f = 50 mm; E2, L1, L2, K2</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>LBF254-050-B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Best form spherical lens, f = 100 mm; E1, L4, K3, K4</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>LBF254-100-B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Best form spherical lens, f = 200 mm; Lspec, Lcam</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>LBF254-200-B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plano-convex lens, f = 400 mm; L3</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>LA1172-B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Molded glass aspheric lens, f = 8 mm; Eobj</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>C240TME-B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Precision asphere, f = 10 mm; Lobj</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>AL1210-B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Longpass Filters, 800 nm, x2</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>FEL0800</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Non-polarizing beam splitter cube (NPBS)</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>BS029</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pellicle beam splitter</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>BP108</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polarizer</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>LPNIRE100-B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Light emitting diode, 940 nm</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>M940D2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

resonance fluorescence of an ingaas quantum dot in a planar cavity using orthogonal excitation and detection

同時共鳴励起、蛍光検出を実行する能力は、量子ドット (Qd) の量子光学計測用が重要です。共鳴励起蛍光検出-たとえば、差動伝送測定-なし発光システムのいくつかのプロパティを確認することができますが、アプリケーションまたは放出される光子を用いた測定はできません。たとえば、光子相関測定、Mollow トリプレットの観察、すべて単一光子源の実現、蛍光のコレクションが必要です。インコヒーレント励起-たとえば、上記バンド ギャップ励起-蛍光検出を使用して、単一光子源を作成できます、加振による環境の乱れは、光子の識別不能性を低減します。単一光子源量子ドットに基づく高い光子識別不能性に共鳴励起にしなければならないし、光子の同時コレクションを確認する必要がありますそれらを使用します。サンプルの表面の法線方向に沿って蛍光を収集しながらサンプルの切断面からこの空洞に励起光を結合することによって平面共振器に埋め込まれた単一量子ドットの共鳴励起する方法を紹介します。共振器の導波管モードを励起光を慎重に一致する、励起光は、キャビティにカップルし、量子ドットと対話できます。散乱の光子は、キャビティ表面の法線方向のエスケープのファブリ ・ モードに結合できます。このメソッドにより、検出偏光の完全な自由が、励起分極励起光の伝搬方向によって制限されています。ぬれ層からの蛍光は励起光に対するコレクションのパスを整列するためのガイドを提供します。励起と検出モードの直交性が無視できるレーザー散乱背景を持つ単一量子ドットの共鳴励起を可能にします。

図 1は、単一量子ドットの共鳴励起を達成するために必要な装置の 1 つの特定の認識を示しています。可能な他の認識が重要なコンポーネント:; 導波路にカップルに励起パス蛍光を検出器; にガイドするコレクションのパスコレクション パスに沿って刺激する共焦点励起パス試料表面のイメージングを有効にする照明パス。
<p class="jove_content" ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection at JoVE.com

Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection

単一自己形成量子ドットの共鳴励起は、励起蛍光コレクション モードに直交モードを使用できます。光導波路と量子ドットを囲む平面微小共振器のファブリ ・ モードを使用して、メソッドを紹介します。メソッドは、検出偏光で完全な自由をことができます。

直交の励起と検出を用いた平面キャビティ内 InGaAs 量子ドットの共鳴蛍光

The ability to perform simultaneous resonant excitation and fluorescence detection is important for quantum optical measurements of quantum dots (QDs). ...

resonance-fluorescence-an-ingaas-quantum-dot-planar-cavity-using

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

9.1K ビュー.  West Virginia University. 単一自己形成量子ドットの共鳴励起は、励起蛍光コレクション モードに直交モードを使用できます。光導波路と量子ドットを囲む平面微小共振器のファブリ ・ モードを使用して、メソッドを紹介します。メソッドは、検出偏光で完全な自由をことができます。

ビデオ: Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Gradient echo memory (GEM) is a protocol for storing optical quantum states of light in atomic ensembles. The primary motivation for such a technology is that quantum key distribution (QKD), which uses Heisenberg uncertainty to guarantee security of cryptographic keys, is limited in transmission distance. The development of a quantum repeater is a possible path to extend QKD range, but a repeater will need a quantum memory. In our experiments we use a gas of rubidium 87 vapor that is contained in a warm gas cell. This makes the scheme particularly simple. It is also a highly versatile scheme that enables in-memory refinement of the stored state, such as frequency shifting and bandwidth manipulation. The basis of the GEM protocol is to absorb the light into an ensemble of atoms that has been prepared in a magnetic field gradient. The reversal of this gradient leads to rephasing of the atomic polarization and thus recall of the stored optical state. We will outline how we prepare the atoms and this gradient and also describe some of the pitfalls that need to be avoided, in particular four-wave mixing, which can give rise to optical gain.

The gradient echo memory is a protocol for storing optical quantum states of light in atomic ensembles. Quantum memory is a key element of a quantum repeater, which can extend the range of quantum key distribution. We outline the operation of the scheme when implemented in a 3-level atomic ensemble.

暖かい原子蒸気に勾配エコー量子メモリ

Gradient  echo memory (GEM) is a protocol for storing optical quantum states of light in  atomic ensembles. The primary motivation for such a technology ...

工学

Analysis of Contact Interfaces for Single GaN Nanowire Devices

Single GaN nanowire (NW) devices fabricated on SiO2 can exhibit a strong degradation after annealing due to the occurrence of void formation at the contact/SiO2 interface. This void formation can cause cracking and delamination of the metal film, which can increase the resistance or lead to a complete failure of the NW device. In order to address issues associated with void formation, a technique was developed that removes Ni/Au contact metal films from the substrates to allow for the examination and characterization of the contact/substrate and contact/NW interfaces of single GaN NW devices. This procedure determines the degree of adhesion of the contact films to the substrate and NWs and allows for the characterization of the morphology and composition of the contact interface with the substrate and nanowires. This technique is also useful for assessing the amount of residual contamination that remains from the NW suspension and from photolithographic processes on the NW-SiO2 surface prior to metal deposition. The detailed steps of this procedure are presented for the removal of annealed Ni/Au contacts to Mg-doped GaN NWs on a SiO2 substrate.

A technique was developed that removes Ni/Au contact metal films from their substrate to allow for the examination and characterization of the contact/substrate and contact/NW interfaces of single GaN nanowire devices.

シングルGaNナノ細線デバイスのための接触界面の解析

Single GaN nanowire (NW) devices fabricated on SiO2 can exhibit  a strong degradation after annealing due to the  occurrence of void formation at the ...

Construction and Characterization of External Cavity Diode Lasers for Atomic Physics

Since their development in the late 1980s, cheap, reliable external cavity diode lasers (ECDLs) have replaced complex and expensive traditional dye and Titanium Sapphire lasers as the workhorse laser of atomic physics labs1,2. Their versatility and prolific use throughout atomic physics in applications such as absorption spectroscopy and laser cooling1,2 makes it imperative for incoming students to gain a firm practical understanding of these lasers. This publication builds upon the seminal work by Wieman3, updating components, and providing a video tutorial. The setup, frequency locking and performance characterization of an ECDL will be described. Discussion of component selection and proper mounting of both diodes and gratings, the factors affecting mode selection within the cavity, proper alignment for optimal external feedback, optics setup for coarse and fine frequency sensitive measurements, a brief overview of laser locking techniques, and laser linewidth measurements are included.

This is an instructional paper to guide the construction and diagnostics of external cavity diode lasers (ECDLs), including component selection and optical alignment, as well as the basics of frequency reference spectroscopy and laser linewidth measurements for applications in the field of atomic physics.

原子物理学外部共振器半導体レーザーの構築とキャラクタリゼーション

Since their development in the late 1980s, cheap, reliable external cavity diode lasers (ECDLs) have replaced complex and expensive traditional dye and ...

Selective Area Modification of Silicon Surface Wettability by Pulsed UV Laser Irradiation in Liquid Environment

The wettability of silicon (Si) is one of the important parameters in the technology of surface functionalization of this material and fabrication of biosensing devices. We report on a protocol of using KrF and ArF lasers irradiating Si (001) samples immersed in a liquid environment with low number of pulses and operating at moderately low pulse fluences to induce Si wettability modification. Wafers immersed for up to 4 hr in a 0.01% H2O2/H2O solution did not show measurable change in their initial contact angle (CA) ~75&#176;. However, the 500-pulse KrF and ArF lasers irradiation of such wafers in a microchamber filled with 0.01% H2O2/H2O solution at 250 and 65 mJ/cm2, respectively, has decreased the CA to near 15&#176;, indicating the formation of a superhydrophilic surface. The formation of OH-terminated Si (001), with no measurable change of the wafer&#8217;s surface morphology, has been confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy measurements. The selective area irradiated samples were then immersed in a biotin-conjugated fluorescein-stained nanospheres solution for 2 hr, resulting in a successful immobilization of the nanospheres in the non-irradiated area. This illustrates the potential of&#160;the method for selective area biofunctionalization and fabrication of advanced Si-based biosensing architectures. We also describe a similar protocol of irradiation of wafers immersed in methanol (CH3OH) using ArF laser operating at pulse fluence of 65 mJ/cm2 and in situ formation of a strongly hydrophobic surface of Si (001) with the CA of 103&#176;. The XPS results indicate ArF laser induced formation of Si&#8211;(OCH3)x compounds responsible for the observed hydrophobicity. However, no such compounds were found by XPS on the Si surface irradiated by KrF laser in methanol, demonstrating the inability of the KrF laser to photodissociate methanol and create -OCH3 radicals.

We report on a process of in situ alteration of HF treated Si (001) surface into a hydrophilic or hydrophobic state by irradiating samples in microfluidic chambers filled with&#160;H2O2/H2O solution (0.01%-0.5%) or methanol solutions using pulsed UV laser of a relative low pulse fluence.

液体環境におけるパルスUVレーザー照射によるシリコン表面の濡れ性の選択エリア変更

The wettability of silicon (Si) is one of the important parameters in the technology of surface functionalization of this material and fabrication of ...

Detection and Recovery of Palladium, Gold and Cobalt Metals from the Urban Mine Using Novel Sensors/Adsorbents Designated with Nanoscale Wagon-wheel-shaped Pores

Developing low-cost, efficient processes for recovering and recycling palladium, gold and cobalt metals from urban mine remains a significant challenge in industrialized countries. Here, the development of optical mesosensors/adsorbents (MSAs) for efficient recognition and selective recovery of Pd(II), Au(III), and Co(II) from urban mine was achieved. A simple, general method for preparing MSAs based on using high-order mesoporous monolithic scaffolds was described. Hierarchical cubic Ia3d wagon-wheel-shaped MSAs were fabricated by anchoring chelating agents (colorants) into three-dimensional pores and micrometric particle surfaces of the mesoporous monolithic scaffolds. Findings show, for the first time, evidence of controlled optical recognition of Pd(II), Au(III), and Co(II) ions and a highly selective system for recovery of Pd(II) ions (up to ~95%) in ores and industrial wastes. Furthermore, the controlled assessment processes described herein involve evaluation of intrinsic properties (e.g., visual signal change, long-term stability, adsorption efficiency, extraordinary sensitivity, selectivity, and reusability); thus, expensive, sophisticated instruments are not required. Results show evidence that MSAs will attract worldwide attention as a promising technological means of recovering and recycling palladium, gold and cobalt metals.

Because of the importance and extensive use of palladium, gold and cobalt metals in high-technology equipment, their recovery and recycling constitute an important industrial challenge. The metal recovery system described herein is a simple, low-cost means for the effective detection, removal, and recovery of these metals from the urban mine.

検出とパラジウムの回収は、都市鉱山からの金やコバルト金属は、ナノスケールワゴンホイール形の細孔を有する指定小説センサ/吸着剤を使用しました

Developing low-cost, efficient processes for recovering and recycling palladium, gold and cobalt metals from urban mine remains a significant challenge in ...

High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy

High resolution optical spectroscopy methods are demanding in terms of either technology, equipment, complexity, time or a combination of these. Here we demonstrate an optical spectroscopy method that is capable of resolving spectral features beyond that of the spin fine structure and homogeneous linewidth of single quantum dots (QDs) using a standard, easy-to-use spectrometer setup. This method incorporates both laser and photoluminescence spectroscopy, combining the advantage of laser line-width limited resolution with multi-channel photoluminescence detection. Such a scheme allows for considerable improvement of resolution over that of a common single-stage spectrometer. The method uses phonons to assist in the measurement of the photoluminescence of a single quantum dot after resonant excitation of its ground state transition. The phonon&#39;s energy difference allows one to separate and filter out the laser light exciting the quantum dot. An advantageous feature of this method is its straight forward integration into standard spectroscopy setups, which are accessible to most researchers.

The manuscript describes a method of phonon-assisted quasi-resonant fluorescence spectroscopy that incorporates both laser-limited resolution and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. This method utilizes optical phonons to provide linewidth-limited resolution spectra of atom-like semiconductor structures in the energy domain. The method is also easily realized with a single spectrometer optical spectroscopy setup.

高解像度フォノンアシスト準共鳴蛍光分光

High resolution optical spectroscopy methods are demanding in terms of either technology, equipment, complexity, time or a combination of these. Here we ...

Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection Scanner for Imaging Magnetic Particles in Planar Samples

The setup of a planar Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection (p-FMMD) scanner for performing Magnetic Particles Imaging (MPI) of flat samples is presented. It consists of two magnetic measurement heads on both sides of the sample mounted on the legs of a u-shaped support. The sample is locally exposed to a magnetic excitation field consisting of two distinct frequencies, a stronger component at about 77 kHz and a weaker field at 61 Hz. The nonlinear magnetization characteristics of superparamagnetic particles give rise to the generation of intermodulation products. A selected sum-frequency component of the high and low frequency magnetic field incident on the magnetically nonlinear particles is recorded by a demodulation electronics. In contrast to a conventional MPI scanner, p-FMMD does not require the application of a strong magnetic field to the whole sample because mixing of the two frequencies occurs locally. Thus, the lateral dimensions of the sample are just limited by the scanning range and the supports. However, the sample height determines the spatial resolution. In the current setup it is limited to 2 mm. As examples, we present two 20 mm &#215; 25 mm p-FMMD images acquired from samples with 1 &#181;m diameter maghemite particles in silanol matrix and with 50 nm magnetite particles in aminosilane matrix. The results show that the novel MPI scanner can be applied for analysis of thin biological samples and for medical diagnostic purposes.

A scanner for imaging magnetic particles in planar samples was developed using the planar frequency mixing magnetic detection technique. The magnetic intermodulation product response from the nonlinear nonhysteretic magnetization of the particles is recorded upon a two-frequency excitation. It can be used to take 2D images of thin biological samples.

平面サンプル中の磁性粒子を撮像する磁気検出スキャナ周波数混合

The setup of a planar Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection (p-FMMD) scanner for performing Magnetic Particles Imaging (MPI) of flat samples is presented. ...

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source

Silicon photonic chips have the potential to realize complex integrated quantum information processing circuits, including photon sources, qubit manipulation, and integrated single-photon detectors. Here, we present the key aspects of preparing and testing a silicon photonic quantum chip with an integrated photon source and two-photon interferometer. The most important aspect of an integrated quantum circuit is minimizing loss so that all of the generated photons are detected with the highest possible fidelity. Here, we describe how to perform low-loss edge coupling by using an ultra-high numerical aperture fiber to closely match the mode of the silicon waveguides. By using an optimized fusion splicing recipe, the UHNA fiber is seamlessly interfaced with a standard single-mode fiber. This low-loss coupling allows the measurement of high-fidelity photon production in an integrated silicon ring resonator and the subsequent two-photon interference of the produced photons in a closely integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer. This paper describes the essential procedures for the preparation and characterization of high-performance and scalable silicon quantum photonic circuits.

Silicon photonic chips have the potential to realize complex integrated quantum systems. Presented here is a method for preparing and testing a silicon photonic chip for quantum measurements.

シリコンリング共振器光子源における量子干渉の測定

Silicon photonic chips have the potential to realize complex integrated quantum information processing circuits, including photon sources, qubit ...

Enhanced Electron Injection and Exciton Confinement for Pure Blue Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes by Introducing Partially Oxidized Aluminum Cathode

Stable and efficient red (R), green (G), and blue (B) light sources based on solution-processed quantum dots (QDs) play important roles in next-generation displays and solid-state lighting technologies. The brightness and efficiency of blue QDs-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) remain inferior to their red and green counterparts, due to the inherently unfavorable energy levels of different colors of light. To solve these problems, a device structure should be designed to balance the injection holes and electrons into the emissive QD layer. Herein, through a simple autoxidation strategy, pure blue QD-LEDs which are highly bright and efficient are demonstrated, with a structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Poly-TPD/QDs/Al:Al2O3. The autoxidized Al:Al2O3 cathode can effectively balance the injected charges and enhance radiative recombination without introducing an additional electron transport layer (ETL). As a result, high color-saturated blue QD-LEDs are achieved with a maximum luminance over 13,000 cd m-2, and a maximum current efficiency of 1.15 cd A-1. The easily controlled autoxidation procedure paves the way for achieving high-performance blue QD-LEDs.

A protocol is presented for fabricating high-performance, pure blue ZnCdS/ZnS-based quantum dots light-emitting diodes by employing an autoxidized aluminum cathode.

酸化アルミニウムの陰極の電子注入と部分的に導入することで純粋な青色量子ドット発光ダイオードの励起子閉じ込め

Stable and efficient red (R), green (G), and blue (B) light sources based on solution-processed quantum dots (QDs) play important roles in next-generation ...

Excitation-Scanning Hyperspectral Imaging Microscopy to Efficiently Discriminate Fluorescence Signals

Several techniques rely on detection of fluorescence signals to identify or study phenomena or to elucidate functions. Separation of these fluorescence signals were proven cumbersome until the advent of hyperspectral imaging, in which fluorescence sources can be separated from each other as well as from background signals and autofluorescence (given knowledge of their spectral signatures). However, traditional, emission-scanning hyperspectral imaging suffers from slow acquisition times and low signal-to-noise ratios due to the necessary filtering of both excitation and emission light. It has been previously shown that excitation-scanning hyperspectral imaging reduces the necessary acquisition time while simultaneously increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of acquired data. Using commercially available equipment, this protocol describes how to assemble, calibrate, and use an excitation-scanning hyperspectral imaging microscopy system for separation of signals from several fluorescence sources in a single sample. While highly applicable to microscopic imaging of cells and tissues, this technique may also be useful for any type of experiment utilizing fluorescence in which it is possible to vary excitation wavelengths, including but not limited to: chemical imaging, environmental applications, eye care, food science, forensic science, medical science, and mineralogy.

Spectral imaging has become a reliable solution for identification and separation of multiple fluorescence signals in a single sample and can readily distinguish signals of interest from background or autofluorescence. Excitation-scanning hyperspectral imaging improves on this technique by decreasing the necessary image acquisition time while simultaneously increasing the signal-to-noise ratio.

蛍光信号を効率的に判別する励起走査察ハイパースペクトルイメージング顕微鏡

Several techniques rely on detection of fluorescence signals to identify or study phenomena or to elucidate functions. Separation of these fluorescence ...