健康の国民の協会付与 R01 CA149976 (N.A.S) はこの仕事を支えた。

すべてのプロシージャは、制度上の動物の使用およびケアのガイドラインに従って行われなければなりません。プロシージャは、マウス造血幹・前駆細胞 (造血および HPs) の解析用に開発されたが、他のセル人口の分析のため適応することができます。
1. マウス造血および HPs の流れフローサイトメトリー分離
<ol><li>文学6で説明するように、マウス骨髄細胞を収穫します。 注:図 1と図 2に示したデータ、骨髄が c57bl/6 j マウスから収穫されました。</li>
	<li>製造元の指示に従って、マウス系統の枯渇キットを使用して骨髄細胞の血統の枯渇を実行します。</li>
	<li>説明7として興味のセル表面のマーカーに対する抗体と細胞を孵化させなさい。図 1および図 2に示すように実験、Sca 1、キット、Flt3、Mac1、Gr1、CD3e、B220、Ter119 系統 (Lin) マーカーに対する抗体を使用します。</li>
	<li>2,000 20,000 林- Sca1 の並べ替え+キット+ Flt3-細胞 (造血) または Lin-Sca1-キット+細胞 (HPs) リン酸の 0.1 mL を含む 1.5 mL エッペン チューブに緩衝生理食塩水 (PBS) 2% 胎児ウシ血清 (FBS)。 注意: データは、図 1および図 2に示すように、セル ソートされた 70 μ M ノズル流れの Cytometer を使用します。コレクションの最大ボリュームは、1.4 mL です。</li>
</ol>2. サンプル準備
注: この手順は重要です。サンプルを非常に慎重に処理します。上清を取り外す場合は、細胞ペレットを邪魔しないように非常に注意します。
<ol><li>遠心分離機、1.5 mL チューブが 4 ° C でスイング バケツ ローターの並べ替えセルを含む、500 x g、5 分削除以外のすべての約 100 μ L のセルから上澄みのペレット ピペットと 20 μ L ピペット チップを使用して非常に穏やか。ペレットが不可でした。<ol>
<li>サンプルは、5,000 未満のセルを含む、並べ替えられたサンプルの合計量は 0.2 mL 未満、最初低結合 0.2 mL PCR チューブ遠心分離前にセルを転送します。</li>
		<li>サンプルには、5,000 未満のセルが含まれています、量は 0.2 mL 以上、4 ° C、500 × g で 5 分間遠心分離機でセルをスピンダウンします、上清 200 μ L がすべて削除します。再培養上清の残りの 200 μ L の小球形にされたセルを中断し、0.2 mL PCR チューブにセルを転送、再びスピンダウンします。2 番目のスピンの後ペレットからすべてが 20-30 μ L を削除し、再度セルを中断します。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>チューブに上清左の細胞を再懸濁します。必要であれば 2% 追加 PBS を追加 FBS/PBS (2% ウシ血清アルブミン (BSA) を使用することもできます/PBS、または単独で PBS)、濃度が 5 x10 5 x 105セル/mL に4 。 注: セルをカウントの使用セルを中断するために使用量を推定するためのフローサイトメトリーによって収集されます。</li>
	<li>再浮遊細胞の 2-5 μ L を使用すると、(製造元の指示に従って) 自動化された細胞カウンターまたは検定9を使用して正確な細胞濃度を決定します。</li>
	<li>必要な新しい 1.5 mL チューブに細胞数を含む再浮遊細胞の量を転送します。図 1に実験のため、1,000、2,000、または 500 の HSCs または HPs に移した。必要な細胞数は西部のしみ、によって得られる信号強度に依存し、は、経験的に決定します。20 μ L または 100 μ L エッペン ピペット チップを使用して転送を実行します。</li>
	<li>スイング バケツ ローター 4 ° C、500 × g で 5 分で細胞を遠心します。</li>
	<li>原液 x 100 を生成するための製造元の指示に従って DMSO にプロテアソームとホスファターゼ阻害剤を溶解します。</li>
	<li>2 x Laemmli サンプル バッファーを準備するには、蒸留水の相当量を製造元から提供された 4 x Laemmli サンプル バッファーを希釈します。阻害剤 x 2 2 x Laemmli サンプル バッファー内の最終的な集中を取得するホスファターゼとプロテアソーム阻害剤の 100 x の在庫の適切な量を追加します。 注: 2 x Laemmli サンプル バッファー、事前に行うことが、プロテアソームとホスファターゼ阻害剤は、次の手順で説明するように、2 x Laemmli サンプル バッファー (プラス阻害剤) 細胞ペレットに細胞を溶解するを追加する前にすぐに追加必要があります。</li>
	<li>慎重に細胞ペレットおよび細胞ペレットをチューブに残って上清に上澄みの部分を削除、2 の x Laemmli サンプル バッファー プラス 500 の最終的な集中を達成するためにプロテアソームとホスファターゼ阻害剤の等量を追加細胞/μ l 1 x Laemmli サンプル バッファー内。 注: たとえば、ステップ 2.5 でチューブ、ペレットから上澄みの 18 μ L を削除する必要があります (ステップ 2.6) 細胞を遠心分離後、残りは上澄みの 2 μ L に 20 μ L の総ボリュームで 2,000 のセルを転送する場合は追加の等しいボリューム (2 μ L) 2 x 500 細胞/μ L 1 x Laemmli サンプル バッファー内の最終的な集中を達成するために塩化物イオン サンプル バッファー。</li>
	<li>できるだけ早く、ライセートを生成するペレットを再懸濁します。この時点で、サンプルは SDS ページのゲルを通ってすぐに electrophoresed することができます。 またはスナップがリキッド N2でフリーズし、将来使用するため-80 ° C で保存することがことができます。</li>
</ol>3. 電気泳動
<ol><li>95 ° C で熱ブロック内、または 5 分間水を沸騰の溶解液を加熱します。</li>
	<li>標準プロトコル10を使用して 100 v で SDS ページのゲルを通って (20,000 セル同等まで 500 から含む) 溶解液の 1 40 μ L を electrophorese します。 メモ: ライセートのゲルにロードのボリュームは、望ましい信号の生成に必要なセルの数によって決まります、利子および抗体の品質の蛋白質の豊富さによって異なります。図 1のデータは、2,000、1,000、500 セル相当ライセートと得られました。井戸の幅切られるべき 3 mm に 1.5 mm. 歯をすることができます 1.5 mm の範囲で市販の櫛から広い歯のはさみを使用しています。</li>
</ol>4. 転送し、ブロック
注: は、次の標準的なプロトコル11西部のしみを実行します。手順は簡単にここで記載されています。
<ol><li>10 s、それから簡単に膜の洗浄に蒸留水、メタノールとポリフッ化ビニリデン (PVDF) 二フッ化膜を前処理します。</li>
	<li>転送装置の製造元から提供されるマニュアルの指示に従って膜に SDS ページのゲルからタンパク質を転送します。</li>
	<li>2 ml の 5% ウシ血清アルブミン (BSA) PBST の膜をブロック転送を以下 (0.1% と PBS トゥイーン) 4 ° C 以下の標準プロトコル11で一晩。</li>
</ol>5. 抗体の分類
<ol><li>ベンダーによって推奨の抗体希釈を使用して 4 ° C で一晩シェーカーで抗体を膜を孵化させなさい。 注: 材料表 HSCs と HPs と対応する抗体の希薄を検証しましたが、抗体が表示されます。標準的な手順8を使用して抗体の分類を実行します。</li>
</ol>6. 検出
<ol><li>3 回、室温で PBST で各洗浄のため 5 分、膜を洗浄します。</li>
	<li>2 mL の部屋の温度で 1 分の化学発光のバッファーを持つ膜を孵化させなさい。次の製造元の指示、またはオートラジオグラフィー フィルムとフィルムのプロセッサ イメージング システムを使用して信号を検出します。</li>
</ol>

<ol><li>Krutzik, P. O., Clutter, M. R., Nolan, G. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Coordinate+analysis+of+murine+immune+cell+surface+markers+and+intracellular+phosphoproteins+by+flow+cytometry%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Immunol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Coordinate analysis of murine immune cell surface markers and intracellular phosphoproteins by flow cytometry.</a> J Immunol. 175 (4), 2357-2365 (2005).</li>
<li>Du, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Signaling+profiling+at+the+single-cell+level+identifies+a+distinct+signaling+signature+in+murine+hematopoietic+stem+cells%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Stem+Cells%22%5BJournal%5D)">Signaling profiling at the single-cell level identifies a distinct signaling signature in murine hematopoietic stem cells.</a> Stem Cells. 30 (7), 1447-1454 (2012).</li>
<li>Signer, R. A., Magee, J. A., Salic, A., Morrison, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Haematopoietic+stem+cells+require+a+highly+regulated+protein+synthesis+rate%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nature%22%5BJournal%5D)">Haematopoietic stem cells require a highly regulated protein synthesis rate.</a> Nature. 509 (7498), 49-54 (2014).</li>
<li>Wang, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((A+differentiation+checkpoint+limits+hematopoietic+stem+cell+self-renewal+in+response+to+DNA+damage%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Cell%22%5BJournal%5D)">A differentiation checkpoint limits hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal in response to DNA damage.</a> Cell. 148 (5), 1001-1014 (2012).</li>
<li>Hoshii, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((mTORC1+is+essential+for+leukemia+propagation+but+not+stem+cell+self-renewal%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Clin+Invest%22%5BJournal%5D)">mTORC1 is essential for leukemia propagation but not stem cell self-renewal.</a> J Clin Invest. 122 (6), 2114-2129 (2012).</li>
<li>Signer, R. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+rate+of+protein+synthesis+in+hematopoietic+stem+cells+is+limited+partly+by+4E-BPs%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Genes+Dev%22%5BJournal%5D)">The rate of protein synthesis in hematopoietic stem cells is limited partly by 4E-BPs.</a> Genes Dev. 30 (15), 1698-1703 (2016).</li>
<li>Cai, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Runx1+deficiency+decreases+ribosome+biogenesis+and+confers+stress+resistance+to+hematopoietic+stem+and+progenitor+cells%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Cell+Stem+Cell%22%5BJournal%5D)">Runx1 deficiency decreases ribosome biogenesis and confers stress resistance to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.</a> Cell Stem Cell. , (2015).</li>
<li>Loven, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Revisiting+global+gene+expression+analysis%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Cell%22%5BJournal%5D)">Revisiting global gene expression analysis.</a> Cell. 151 (3), 476-482 (2012).</li>
<li>JoVE Science Education Database. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.jove.com/science-education/5048/using-a-hemacytometer-to-count-cells">Using a Hemoacytometer to Count Cells.</a> Basic Methods in Cellular and Molecular Biology. , (2017).</li>
<li>JoVE Science Education Database. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.jove.com/science-education/5058/separating-protein-with-sds-page">Separating Protein with SDS-PAGE.</a> Basic Methods in Cellular and Molecular Biology. , (2017).</li>
<li>JoVE Science Education Database. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.jove.com/science-education/5065/the-western-blot">The Western Blot.</a> Basic Methods in Cellular and Molecular Biology. , (2017).</li>
<li>Jackson, R. J., Hellen, C. U., Pestova, T. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+mechanism+of+eukaryotic+translation+initiation+and+principles+of+its+regulation%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nat+Rev+Mol+Cell+Biol%22%5BJournal%5D)">The mechanism of eukaryotic translation initiation and principles of its regulation.</a> Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 11 (2), 113-127 (2010).</li>
<li>Eaton, S. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((A+guide+to+modern+quantitative+fluorescent+western+blotting+with+troubleshooting+strategies%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Vis+Exp%22%5BJournal%5D)">A guide to modern quantitative fluorescent western blotting with troubleshooting strategies.</a> J Vis Exp. (93), e52099(2014).</li>
</ol>

著者は宣言する利害の衝突があります。

西部にしみが付くことは、組織や細胞の特定の蛋白質とシグナル伝達経路の活性化を検出するための一般的な手法です。一般的に使用されるプロシージャを微調整を導入し、15,000 HSCs と 500 HSCs として、いくつかのいくつかのケースで日常的に 15 の異なった蛋白質 (資材表) を検出することができました。The most このプロトコルの重要なステップは、: 1) 正確にセルをカウント、2) ...

造血幹細胞 (造血) は、すべての血液系統に上昇を与えることができる自己更新のセルです。比較的希少な細胞の骨髄、生化学的解析を困難にレンダリングしています。アプローチ フローサイトメトリーなどの希少な細胞の解析に適しては、セル表面のマーカー、細胞内タンパク質の相対的な量を定量化するために非常に有用されています。細胞内タンパク質の解析抗体アクセスを有効にするセル透過手順の使用を必要とし、すべてではない細胞表面抗原生き残るこれら手順1,2。さらに、異なるタンパク質アイソ フォームや胸の谷間の製品を区別する抗体が多い、フローサイトメトリー用利用可能なしたがって調査官まだに依存西部のしみ特定のタイプの解析。
セル lysates の西部のしみの分析は、ほとんどの実験室の定期的なプロシージャです。細胞表面抗原のエピトープを保持するネイティブの条件下で細胞を浄化することが、セル lysates の準備および分析できる後。ただし、まれな一次電池しみの西部で人口におけるタンパク質の解析は十分なセルを取得する動物の数が多いを安楽死させる要求できます。いくつかの手順を微調整すること、によって、従来の西部のしみが付くプロトコル HSCs (500-15,000、興味の蛋白質によって) の比較的少数の蛋白質を検出することができた。調整は、セル、セルのセル損失を最小限に抑えるためのチューブ間の移管を軽減、細胞ペレットを慎重に処理を正確にカウントし、バッファー含むプロテアソームの集中載荷時とセルの定義された数を溶解し、ホスファターゼ阻害剤。パブリッシュされたレポートの多くは、20,000 以上 HSCs3,4,5,6,7で得られた西部のしみこの簡単な手順は、セルと 4 と 40 倍の間で相当のデータを生成するために必要な実験動物の数を減らすは。プロトコルは、内部統制ではなく、セルごとに結果を正規化する設計されています。これは、内部のコントロールにデータが正規化された場合に見落とすことができる蛋白質のレベルの全体的な削減の検出を可能。 にします。セルごとに正規化の重要性は、遺伝子発現データ8の分析について説明された、西部のしみによって蛋白質を定量化する同じ原則が適用されます。この最適化されたプロトコルは、細胞の小さな数字を分析する必要がある誰にとっても便利でする必要があります。

<table><tbody><tr><td>sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>BP166-500</td><td>SDS-PAGE</td></tr><tr><td>TEMED</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>BP150-20</td><td>SDS-PAGE</td></tr><tr><td>30% Acrylamidel Bis solution</td><td>Bio-Rad</td><td>1610158</td><td>SDS-PAGE</td></tr><tr><td>1.5M Tris-HCl pH8.8</td><td>TEKNOVA</td><td>T1588</td><td>SDS-PAGE</td></tr><tr><td>1.0M Tris-HCl pH6.8</td><td>TEKNOVA</td><td>T1068</td><td>SDS-PAGE</td></tr><tr><td>Ammonium Persulfate</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>BP179-25</td><td>SDS-PAGE</td></tr><tr><td>mini-protean 3 comb</td><td>Bio-Rad</td><td>1653360</td><td>SDS-PAGE</td></tr><tr><td>Mini-PROTEAN Tetra Cell</td><td>Bio-Rad</td><td>1658005EDU</td><td>SDS-PAGE</td></tr><tr><td>Transfer System</td><td>Bio-Rad</td><td>1704155EDU</td><td>transfer</td></tr><tr><td>PowerPac HC Power Supply</td><td>Bio-Rad</td><td>1645052EDU</td><td>electrophoresis</td></tr><tr><td>Imaging System</td><td>Bio-Rad</td><td>1708195</td><td>signal detection</td></tr><tr><td>4x Laemmli Sample Buffer</td><td>Bio-Rad</td><td>1610747EDU</td><td>sample preparation</td></tr><tr><td>10x Tris/Glycine/SDS Electrophoresis Buffer</td><td>Bio-Rad</td><td>1610732EDU</td><td>electrophoresis</td></tr><tr><td>2-Mercaptoethanol</td><td>Bio-Rad</td><td>1610710EDU</td><td>sample preparation</td></tr><tr><td>RTA Mini PVDF Transfer Kit, for 40 blots</td><td>Bio-Rad</td><td>1704272</td><td>transfer</td></tr><tr><td>Protease Inhibitor Cocktail</td><td>Sigma</td><td>11697498001</td><td>sample preparation</td></tr><tr><td>Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktailrs</td><td>Gold Biotechnology</td><td>GB-450-1</td><td>sample preparation</td></tr><tr><td>EIF4G</td><td>Cell signaling</td><td>2469</td><td>WB antibody, validated in 1000 cells&lt;br/&gt; antibody concentration: 1:1000&lt;br/&gt; reference(figure): Fig2</td></tr><tr><td>p-Rps6</td><td>Cell signaling</td><td>4858</td><td>WB antibody,validated in 1000 cells&lt;br/&gt; antibody concentration: 1:1000&lt;br/&gt; reference(figure): Fig2</td></tr><tr><td>actin(HRP conjugated)</td><td>abcam</td><td>ab49900</td><td>WB antibody,validated in 500 cells&lt;br/&gt; antibody concentration: 1:5000&lt;br/&gt; reference(figure): Fig1, Fig2</td></tr><tr><td>LC-3</td><td>Abcam</td><td>ab48394</td><td>WB antibody,validated in 15000 cells&lt;br/&gt; antibody concentration: 1:1000&lt;br/&gt; reference(figure): ref5 (Fig5)</td></tr><tr><td>S6</td><td>Cell Signaling</td><td>2317</td><td>WB antibody,validated in 15000 cells&lt;br/&gt; antibody concentration: 1:1000&lt;br/&gt; reference(figure): ref5 (Fig4)</td></tr><tr><td>4EBP1</td><td>Cell Signaling</td><td>9644</td><td>WB antibody, validated in 15000 cells&lt;br/&gt; antibody concentration: 1:1000&lt;br/&gt; reference(figure): ref5 (Fig4)</td></tr><tr><td>p-4EBP1</td><td>Cell Signaling</td><td>2855</td><td>WB antibody,validated in 15000 cells&lt;br/&gt; antibody concentration: 1:1000&lt;br/&gt; reference(figure): ref5 (Fig4)</td></tr><tr><td>TSC2</td><td>Cell Signaling</td><td>4308</td><td>WB antibody,validated in 15000 cells&lt;br/&gt; antibody concentration: 1:1000&lt;br/&gt; reference(figure): ref5 (Fig4)</td></tr><tr><td>HSP90</td><td>Cell Signaling</td><td>4877</td><td>WB antibody,validated in 15000 cells&lt;br/&gt; antibody concentration: 1:1000&lt;br/&gt; reference(figure): ref5 (Fig5)</td></tr><tr><td>PTEN</td><td>Cell Signaling</td><td>9188</td><td>WB antibody,validated in 15000 cells&lt;br/&gt; antibody concentration: 1:1000&lt;br/&gt; reference(figure): ref5 (FigS1)</td></tr><tr><td>mTOR</td><td>Cell Signaling</td><td>2983</td><td>WB antibody,validated in 15000 cells&lt;br/&gt; antibody concentration: 1:1000&lt;br/&gt; reference(figure): ref5 (FigS1)</td></tr><tr><td>p-mTOR</td><td>Cell Signaling</td><td>5536</td><td>WB antibody,validated in 15000 cells&lt;br/&gt; antibody concentration: 1:1000&lt;br/&gt; reference(figure): ref5 (FigS1)</td></tr><tr><td>PP2AB</td><td>Cell Signaling</td><td>4953</td><td>WB antibody,validated in 15000 cells&lt;br/&gt; antibody concentration: 1:1000&lt;br/&gt; reference(figure): ref5 (FigS1)</td></tr><tr><td>p-AMPKa</td><td>Cell Signaling</td><td>2535</td><td>WB antibody,validated in 15000 cells&lt;br/&gt; antibody concentration: 1:1000&lt;br/&gt; reference(figure): ref5 (FigS1)</td></tr><tr><td>actin</td><td>Santa Cruz</td><td>sc-47778</td><td>WB antibody,validated in 15000 cells&lt;br/&gt; antibody concentration: 1:3000&lt;br/&gt; reference(figure): ref5 (Fig4)</td></tr><tr><td>lineage depletion kit (mouse)</td><td>Miltenyi Biotec</td><td>130-090-858</td><td>hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells purification</td></tr><tr><td>LS columns</td><td>Miltenyi Biotec</td><td>130-041-305</td><td>hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells purification</td></tr><tr><td>SCF</td><td>PeproTech</td><td>250-03</td><td>phosphorylation stimulation</td></tr><tr><td>APC-Cy7 c-kit antibody</td><td>ThermoFisher</td><td>A15423</td><td>cell sorting</td></tr><tr><td>anti-B220</td><td>ThermoFisher</td><td>48-0452-82</td><td>cell sorting</td></tr><tr><td>anti-CD3e</td><td>ThermoFisher</td><td>48-0031-82</td><td>cell sorting</td></tr><tr><td>anti-Mac1</td><td>ThermoFisher</td><td>48-0112-82</td><td>cell sorting</td></tr><tr><td>anti-Gr1</td><td>ThermoFisher</td><td>48-5931-82</td><td>cell sorting</td></tr><tr><td>anti-Ter119</td><td>ThermoFisher</td><td>48-5921-82</td><td>cell sorting</td></tr><tr><td>Spacer Plates with 1.0 mm Integrated Spacers</td><td>Bio-Rad</td><td>1653311</td><td>SDS-PAGE</td></tr><tr><td>BSA</td><td>Research Products International</td><td>A30075</td><td>membrane blocking</td></tr><tr><td>serum</td><td>Atlanta Biologicals</td><td>A12450</td><td>medium supplement</td></tr><tr><td>cell counter</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>AMQAF1000</td><td>cell counting</td></tr><tr><td>hemocytometer</td><td>ThermoFisher</td><td>&amp;nbsp;S17040</td><td>cell counting</td></tr><tr><td>flim</td><td>Denville Scientific</td><td>E3012</td><td>signal detection</td></tr><tr><td>medical film processor</td><td>Konica</td><td>SRC-101A</td><td>signal detection</td></tr><tr><td>Supersignal West Femto Maximum Sensitivity Substrate</td><td>Therom Scientific</td><td>34096</td><td>signal detection</td></tr><tr><td>Allegra X-15R Centrifuge (Rotor SX4750A)</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>X-15R</td><td>sample preparation</td></tr><tr><td>BLUEstain protein ladder</td><td>Gold Biotechnology</td><td>P007-500</td><td>electrophoresis</td></tr><tr><td>cell sorter</td><td>BD</td><td>FACSAria II</td><td>sample preparation</td></tr><tr><td>Incublock</td><td>Denville Scientific</td><td>I0510</td><td>electrophoresis</td></tr></tbody></table>

a western blotting protocol for small numbers of hematopoietic stem cells

造血幹細胞 (造血) 希少な細胞は、長い間 25,000 〜 表現型を含むマウス骨髄再 HSCs を長期的です。西部のしみが付くプロトコルの最適化され、造血 (500-15,000 細胞) の小さな数字の解析に適した。表現型の HSCs 精製、正確にカウント、塩化物イオンとサンプル バッファーに直接分離します。同じ数の細胞の溶解液はナトリウム dodecyl 硫酸塩ポリアクリルアミドゲル電気泳動 (SDS-PAGE) によって分析されたとしみが準備され、次の標準的な西部のしみが付くプロトコルを処理します。このプロトコルは、2,000-5,000 を使用して HSCs を定期的に分析して 500 セル、ほとんどの出版物で報告される 20,000 に 40,000 セルと比較して少ないからいくつかのケースでデータを取得できます。このプロトコルは、その他の造血細胞に一般に適用されるべきし、少数の標準的な検査手順を使用してセルのルーチン分析が可能します。

500-2,000 精製造血および HPs の代表的な結果は、図 1と図 2のとおりです。500 HSCs から図1 β-アクチン信号を検出できるし、HPs が 1 つのマウスの骨髄から精製しました。Lysates を読み込んで 1.5 mm 井戸生産 3.0 mm 井戸への読み込みよりも 500 HPs から非常に強い信号であることに注意してください。<strong clas...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Western Blotting Protocol for Small Numbers of Hematopoietic Stem Cells at JoVE.com

A Western Blotting Protocol for Small Numbers of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

しみが付くプロトコル標準ウエスタンとして 500 造血幹前駆細胞の数を分析するため最適化を行った。最適化を含むセルのサンプルの処理、管の転送を制限して塩化物イオンとサンプル バッファー内セルを直接溶解に注意してください。

西部のしみが付くプロトコル造血幹細胞の数が少ない

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are rare cells, with the mouse bone marrow containing only ~25,000 phenotypic long term repopulating HSCs. A Western ...

a-western-blotting-protocol-for-small-numbers-hematopoietic-stem

Research

JoVE Journal

Biochemistry

10.3K ビュー.  Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. しみが付くプロトコル標準ウエスタンとして 500 造血幹前駆細胞の数を分析するため最適化を行った。最適化を含むセルのサンプルの処理、管の転送を制限して塩化物イオンとサンプル バッファー内セルを直接溶解に注意してください。

ビデオ: A Western Blotting Protocol for Small Numbers of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Isolation and Transplantation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs)

Isolation and Transplantation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells HSCs

I am Christina Ceso. I am a postdoc in David's Den lab and I work on the hematopoietic stem cells. Today we are going to purify long-term recuperating hematopoietic stem cells and we'll transplant them into a mouse.We start by spraying the mice with alcohol so that first of all, the mind starts sterilized and also the hair doesn't interfere with the dissection. We use PBS with 2%serum for the dissection. I cut the back skin and I pull the skin apart in order to expose the tissue.In order to isolate the tibia, I hold the tibia with tweezers. I cut the tendon on top of the knee and I cut the muscles below the knee and after that I cut through the knee so that the TBI is not connected to the rest of the limb anymore and I pull in order to isolate it. I then hold the TB upside down and with the scissors I separate the foot from the tibia In order to obtain the femur.I cut the muscles around the femur and then I dislocate the femur from the hip. In order to isolate the hip, I cut the muscle around the hip bone on the side of the tail of the mouse and then I pull the hip away from the body of the mouth In order to isolate the spine. I cut through the tail as close as I can to the beginning of the back and then I cut on the two sides of the spine and below the spine, trying to stay as close as possible to the spine so that the peritoneum is not cut and the intestine is left untouched.A first round of cleaning of the bones is done with a scalpel, which is used to scrape the bone, the muscles away from the bone. The scalpel is good to clean the femurs, the hip and the spine. In order to clean the tibia, I hold them with forceps and I use the forceps to remove as much tissue as possible.A second round of cleaning is done using clean wipe to completely clean the bones outta the muscle, and I use the F wipe to clean the tibia, the femurs and the hips. So this is how bones look. After cleaning, I prefer 50 amount tubes with filters on top and I transfer the bones into the mortar.I add the section media and I crush the bones ask of the first round of crashing of the bones. I piped the mixture in order to release as many styles as possible into solution and reduce clumps. I transferred the mixture on the tubes through the filters and this is what the bone fragments look like after the first round of crushing.So I add more dissection medium to the bone fragments and I flash them again. I transferred the seline mixture to the tubes through the filters and at this point the remaining bone fragments are white and there is no bone marrow left. The tubes are filled with PBS 2%serum and in order to have them all with the same weight so that they're balanced in the centrifuge, but also in order to wash the filters so that we obtain as many cells as possible, I then centrifuge the cell mixture and after centrifugation, the palt includes the bone marrow cells.I aspirate the medium and I move back and forward the tube on the rack so that the pelle is becomes loose and fewer clamps are formed. When I add medium, at this point I add one ml of medium per tube and I ics since I'm sorting hematopoietic stem cells. Later on, I'm going to store an ALI output of total bone marrow sizes at this point, which I will use later for the fact single color control.I add lineage antibody cocktail. I ordered the samples to mix them well and I invaded four degrees for 15 minutes. In the meantime, I start preparing the columns for the lineage division.I put the columns on the magnet and I prepare Ian tubes under the columns. I also prepared the gas PBS using aster flip filter and attaching it to the vacuum so that all the bubbles of air move in the top part of the filter. I then add three ml of the gas DBS to each column in order for the column to become wet.After the incubation with the antibodies, I add medium to the cell samples and I centrifuge them in order to remove the excess of antibodies. After the centrifugation, the stain cells are in the pallet. I aspirate the medium and I suspend the pallet in one mile of the gas PBSI Add the strip tab beans, I mix the cells and I incubate for 15 minutes at four degrees.After the incubation, I put new elucian tubes under the columns. I add two ml of PBS to each tube with the cells and I transferred the cell mixture to the column through a 40 micron filter. I wash the tubes with more medium in order to collect all the cells remaining and I apply the remaining medium through the filters to the columns.The progenitor cells lineage low are alluded into the collection views. I pulled the luted samples and I sent tofu them. So after the centrifugation, the depleted cells are in a white pate.I aspirate the medium and re suspend the cells. I store an adequate of the depleted cells and I add the antibodies to the cell mixture for the sorting and also to all the single color controls. The antibodies are incubated in that with the size for 15 minutes in the fridge.After the ation, I add medium to the cells and and centrifuge them to remove the ex excess of antibodies. After the centrifugation, the cells are in the pt, I aspirate the media that I suspend the cells and I transfer the cells into fox tubes with a blue filter. At this point, the cells are ready to be sorted.I place, I place the mouse under a heating lamp for a few minutes so that the veins dilate and they are more easily seen. When preparing the syringe, you have to be careful to eliminate all the bubbles from the, the mixture that is in the syringe and then you bend the needle at 90 degrees. I put the mouse under a glass cup with a weight on top so that it can run away.I sterilize the tail with the alcohol pad so that the site of injection is sterile, but also it's easier to identify the vein. If you look at the tail of the mouse from the top in the middle and top of the tail, there is an artery while on the two sides there are the two veins and we inject the cells in one of the two veins. I insert the needle into the vein and I inject following injection.It is to wait for a couple of seconds before removing the needle, the needle, and after that I clean the side of injection. This is a representation of the syringe with the ben needle bent at 90 degrees with the knee, the at this ankle compared to the tail, which makes the injection the easiest. When you injecting the tail of the mouse, you have to keep in mind that the tail vein is extremely superficial, so really this is the orientation of the needle compared to the tail.And it looks like you will just keep sliding on top of the tail, but actually you will get into the tail then. I am Christina Ceso. I am a post in David Kaden lab, and I work on the hematopoietic stem cells.I usually use for animals to start with, and I had more variability at the beginning, but once you become consistent with your methods, I consistently get about 50, 000 to 60, 000 stem cells out for mice. I did my PhD in London with Dr.Fiona Wat working on derma stem cells. After that, I just wanted to have a wider knowledge of adult stem cells in various tissues, and so I decided to move to David Kaden lab to work on hematopoietic stem cells, mainly because the things that are known about hematopoietic stem cells are the things that are not known for the epidermic stem cells and a number of assays that can be done with epi.Epidermal stem cells are not really done yet with the hematopoietic stem cells, and so at this point I'm trying to put together the, the knowledge from the two different fields and ultimately I'm interested in the study of the mechanism to regulate adult tissue sensors in general, so not just the epidermis or the stem cells, but also different tissues because there are, there are similar mechanism that is, it's always the same genes that are involved in the regulation that just interact with each other in different ways, and it's just interesting to understand what makes each stem cell be a stem, but then ultimately a stem cell in a different tissue. So giving rise to a different protein.

造血幹細胞の分離と移植（造血幹細胞）

生物学

Detection of Residual Donor Erythroid Progenitor Cells after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients with Hemoglobinopathies

The presence of incomplete chimerism is noted in a large proportion of patients following bone marrow transplant for thalassemia major or sickle cell disease. This observation has tremendous implications, as subsequent therapeutic immunomodulation strategies can improve clinical outcome. Conventionally, polymerase chain reaction-based analysis of short tandem repeats is used to identify chimerism in donor-derived blood cells. However, this method is restricted to nucleated cells and cannot distinguish between dissociated single-cell lineages. We applied the analysis of short tandem repeats to flow cytometric-sorted hematopoietic progenitor cells and compared this with the analysis of short tandem repeats obtained from selected burst-forming unit - erythroid colonies, both collected from the bone marrow. With this method we are able to demonstrate the different proliferation and differentiation of donor cells in the erythroid compartment. This technique is eligible to complete current monitoring of chimerism in the stem cell transplant setting and thus may be applied in future clinical studies, stem cell research and design of gene therapy trials.

Quantification of donor-derived cells is required to monitor engraftment after stem cell transplantation in patients with hemoglobinopathies. A combination of flow cytometry-based cell sorting, colony formation assay, and subsequent analysis of short tandem repeats may be used to assess the proliferation and differentiation of progenitors in the erythroid compartment.

赤血球の溶血症に対する造血幹細胞移植後の残留ドナー赤芽球系前駆細胞の検出

The presence of incomplete chimerism is noted in a large proportion of patients following bone marrow transplant for thalassemia major or sickle cell ...

発生生物学

Analysis of Hematopoietic Stem Progenitor Cell Metabolism

Hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) have distinct metabolic plasticity, which allows them to transition from their quiescent state to a differentiation state to sustain demands of the blood formation. However, it has been difficult to analyze the metabolic status (mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis) of HSPCs due to their limited numbers and lack of optimized protocols for non-adherent, fragile HSPCs. Here, we provide a set of clear, step-by-step instructions to measure metabolic respiration (oxygen consumption rate; OCR) and glycolysis (extracellular acidification rate; ECAR) of murine bone marrow-LineagenegSca1+c-Kit+ (LSK) HSPCs. This protocol provides a higher amount of LSK HSPCs from murine bone marrow, improves the viability of HSPCs during incubation, facilitates extracellular flux analyses of non-adherent HSPCs, and provides optimized injection protocols (concentration and time) for drugs targeting oxidative phosphorylation and glycolytic pathways. This method enables the prediction of the metabolic status and the health of HSPCs during blood development and diseases.

Hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) transition from a quiescent state to a differentiation state due to their metabolic plasticity during blood formation. Here, we present an optimized method for measuring mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis of HSPCs.

造血幹細胞細胞代謝の解析

Hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) have distinct metabolic plasticity, which allows them to transition from their quiescent state to a ...

A Culture Method to Maintain Quiescent Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), like other mammalian HSCs, maintain lifelong hematopoiesis in the bone marrow. HSCs remain quiescent in vivo, unlike more differentiated progenitors, and enter the cell cycle rapidly after chemotherapy or irradiation to treat bone marrow injury or in vitro culture. By mimicking the bone marrow microenvironment in the presence of abundant fatty acids, cholesterol, low concentration of cytokines, and hypoxia, human HSCs maintain quiescence in vitro. Here, a detailed protocol for maintaining functional HSCs in the quiescent state in vitro is described. This method will enable studies of the behavior of human HSCs under physiological conditions.

This protocol enables the maintenance of quiescent human hematopoietic stem cells in vitro by mimicking the bone marrow microenvironment using abundant fatty acids, cholesterol, lower concentrations of cytokines, and hypoxia.

静止ヒト造血幹細胞を維持する培養法

Human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), like other mammalian HSCs, maintain lifelong hematopoiesis in the bone marrow. HSCs remain quiescent in vivo, ...

生物工学

Simultaneous Assessment of Kinship, Division Number, and Phenotype via Flow Cytometry for Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

Few techniques can assess phenotype and fate for the same cell simultaneously. Most of the current protocols used to characterize phenotype, although able to generate large datasets, necessitate the destruction of the cell of interest, making it impossible to assess its functional fate. Heterogeneous biological differentiating systems like hematopoiesis are therefore difficult to describe. Building on cell division tracking dyes, we further developed a protocol to simultaneously determine kinship, division number, and differentiation status for many single hematopoietic progenitors. This protocol allows the assessment of the ex vivo differentiation potential of murine and human hematopoietic progenitors, isolated from various biological sources. Moreover, as it is based on flow cytometry and a limited number of reagents, it can quickly generate a large amount of data, at the single-cell level, in a relatively inexpensive manner. We also provide the analytical pipeline for single-cell analysis, combined with a robust statistical framework. As this protocol allows the linking of cell division and differentiation at the single-cell level, it can be used to quantitatively assess symmetric and asymmetric fate commitment, the balance between self-renewal and differentiation, and the number of divisions for a given commitment fate. Altogether, this protocol can be used in experimental designs aiming to unravel the biological differences between hematopoietic progenitors, from a single-cell perspective.

Simultaneous Assessment of Kinship, Division Number, and Phenotype via Flow Cytometry for Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

Presented here is a flow cytometry-based technique that allows for simultaneously measuring the number of cell divisions, surface cell phenotype, and cellular kinship. Those properties can be tested statistically using a permutation-based framework.

フローサイトメトリー による 造血幹細胞と前駆細胞の血縁関係、分裂数、表現型の同時評価

Few techniques can assess phenotype and fate for the same cell simultaneously. Most of the current protocols used to characterize phenotype, although able ...

免疫・感染学

An Alternative Approach for Sample Preparation with Low Cell Number for TEM Analysis

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provides details of the cellular organization and ultrastructure. However, TEM analysis of rare cell populations, especially cells in suspension such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), remains limited due to the requirement of a high cell number during sample preparation. There are a few cytospin or monolayer approaches for TEM analysis from scarce samples, but these approaches fail to get significant quantitative data from the limited number of cells. Here, an alternative and novel approach for sample preparation in TEM studies is described for rare cell populations that enables quantitative analysis.
A relatively low cell number, i.e., 10,000 HSCs, was successfully used for TEM analysis compared to the millions of cells typically used for TEM studies. In particular, Evans blue staining was performed after paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde (PFA-GA) fixation to visualize the tiny cell pellet, which facilitated embedding in agarose. Clusters of numerous cells were observed in ultra-thin sections. The cells had a well preserved morphology, and the ultra-structural details of the Golgi complex and several mitochondria were visible. This efficient, easy and reproducible protocol allows sample preparation from a low cell number and can be used for qualitative and quantitative TEM analysis on rare cell populations from limited biological samples.

Here, we present a protocol to prepare samples with low cell numbers for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis.

TEM分析のための低細胞数とサンプル調製のための代替的アプローチ

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provides details of the cellular organization and ultrastructure. However, TEM analysis of rare cell populations, ...

Measurement of Mitochondrial Mass and Membrane Potential in Hematopoietic Stem Cells and T-cells by Flow Cytometry

A fine balance of quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation is key to preserve the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) pool and maintain lifelong production of all mature blood cells. In recent years cellular metabolism has emerged as a crucial regulator of HSC function and fate. We have previously demonstrated that modulation of mitochondrial metabolism influences HSC fate. Specifically, by chemically uncoupling the electron transport chain we were able to maintain HSC function in culture conditions that normally induce rapid differentiation. However, limiting HSC numbers often precludes the use of standard assays to measure HSC metabolism and therefore predict their function. Here, we report a simple flow cytometry assay that allows reliable measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial mass in scarce cells such as HSCs. We discuss the isolation of HSCs from mouse bone marrow and measurement of mitochondrial mass and membrane potential post ex vivo culture. As an example, we show the modulation of these parameters in HSCs via treatment with a metabolic modulator. Moreover, we extend the application of this methodology on human peripheral blood-derived T cells and human tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), showing dramatic differences in their mitochondrial profiles, possibly reflecting different T cell functionality. We believe this assay can be employed in screenings to identify modulators of mitochondrial metabolism in various cell types in different contexts.

Here we describe a reliable method to measure mitochondrial mass and membrane potential in ex vivo cultured hematopoietic stem cells and T cells.

造血幹細胞とT細胞におけるミトコンドリア質量と膜電位の測定

A fine balance of quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation is key to preserve the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) pool and maintain lifelong production ...

Assessment of Cellular Bioenergetics in Mouse Hematopoietic Stem and Primitive Progenitor Cells using the Extracellular Flux Analyzer

Under steady state, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) remain largely quiescent and are believed to be predominantly reliant on glycolysis to meet their energetic needs. However, under stress conditions such as infection or blood loss, HSCs become proliferative and rapidly produce downstream progenitor cells, which in turn further differentiate, ultimately producing mature blood cells. During this transition and differentiation process, HSCs exit from quiescence and rapidly undergo a metabolic switch from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation (OxPHOS). Various stress conditions, such as aging, cancer, diabetes, and obesity, can negatively impact mitochondrial function and thus can alter the metabolic reprogramming and differentiation of HSCs and progenitors during hematopoiesis. Valuable insights into glycolytic and mitochondrial functions of HSCs and progenitors under normal and stress conditions can be gained through the assessment of their extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR), which are indicators of cellular glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration, respectively. 
Here, a detailed protocol is provided to measure ECAR and OCR in mouse bone marrow-derived lineage-negative cell populations, which include both hematopoietic stem and primitive progenitor cells (HSPCs), using the extracellular flux analyzer. This protocol describes approaches to isolate lineage-negative cells from mouse bone marrow, explains optimization of cell seeding density and concentrations of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG, a glucose analog that inhibits glycolysis) and various OxPHOS-targeted drugs (oligomycin, FCCP, rotenone, and antimycin A) used in these assays, and describes drug treatment strategies. Key parameters of glycolytic flux, such as glycolysis, glycolytic capacity, and glycolytic reserve, and OxPHOS parameters, such as basal respiration, maximal respiration, proton leak, ATP production, spare respiratory capacity, and coupling efficiency, can be measured in these assays. This protocol allows ECAR and OCR measurements on non-adherent HSPCs and can be generalized to optimize analysis conditions for any type of suspension cells.

The method presented here summarizes optimized protocols for assessing cellular bioenergetics in non-adherent mouse hematopoietic stem and primitive progenitor cells (HSPCs) using the extracellular flux analyzer to measure the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of HSPCs in real time.

細胞外フラックス分析装置を用いたマウス造血幹および原始前駆細胞における細胞生体エネルギーの評価

Under steady state, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) remain largely quiescent and are believed to be predominantly reliant on glycolysis to meet their ...

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Murine Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells and Stromal Niche Cells

The bone marrow (BM) is the soft tissue found within bones where hematopoiesis, the process by which new blood cells are generated, primarily occurs. As such, it contains hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), as well as supporting stromal cells that contribute to the maintenance and regulation of HSPCs. Hematological and other BM disorders disrupt hematopoiesis by affecting hematopoietic cells directly and/or through the alteration of the BM niche. Here, we describe a method to study hematopoiesis in health and malignancy through the phenotypic analysis of murine BM HSPCs and stromal niche populations by flow cytometry. Our method details the required steps to enrich BM cells in endosteal and central BM fractions, as well as the appropriate gating strategies to identify the two key niche cell types involved in HSPC regulation, endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells. The phenotypic analysis proposed here may be combined with mouse mutants, disease models, and functional assays to characterize the HSPC compartment and its niche.

Here, we describe a simple protocol for the isolation and staining of murine bone marrow cells to phenotype hemopoietic stem and progenitor cells along with the supporting niche endothelial and mesenchymal stem cells. A method to enrich cells located in endosteal and central bone marrow areas is also included.

マウス骨髄造血幹・前駆細胞および間質ニッチ細胞のフローサイトメトリー解析

The bone marrow (BM) is the soft tissue found within bones where hematopoiesis, the process by which new blood cells are generated, primarily occurs. As ...

Isolation Method for Long-Term and Short-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Self-renewal capacity and multi-lineage differentiation potential are generally regarded as the defining characteristics of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, numerous studies have suggested that functional heterogeneity exists in the HSC compartment. Recent single-cell analyses have reported HSC clones with different cell fates within the HSC compartment, which are referred to as biased HSC clones. The mechanisms underlying heterogeneous or poorly reproducible results are little understood, especially regarding the length of self-renewal when purified HSC fractions are transplanted by conventional immunostaining. Therefore, establishing a reproducible isolation method for long-term HSCs (LT-HSCs) and short-term HSCs (ST-HSCs),&#160;defined by the length of their self-renewal, is crucial for overcoming this issue. Using unbiased multi-step screening, we identified a transcription factor, Hoxb5, which may be an exclusive marker of LT-HSCs in the mouse hematopoietic system. Based on this finding, we established a Hoxb5 reporter mouse line and successfully isolated LT-HSCs and ST-HSCs. Here we describe a detailed protocol for the isolation of LT-HSCs and ST-HSCs using the Hoxb5 reporter system. This isolation method will help researchers better understand the mechanisms of self-renewal and the biological basis for such heterogeneity in the HSC compartment.

We present a step-by-step protocol for the isolation of long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) and short-term HSCs (ST-HSCs) using the Hoxb5 reporter system.

長期および短期造血幹細胞の単離方法

Self-renewal capacity and multi-lineage differentiation potential are generally regarded as the defining characteristics of hematopoietic stem cells ...

西部のしみが付くプロトコル造血幹細胞の数が少ない

要約

さらに動画を探す

造血幹細胞の分離と移植（造血幹細胞）

赤血球の溶血症に対する造血幹細胞移植後の残留ドナー赤芽球系前駆細胞の検出

造血幹細胞細胞代謝の解析

静止ヒト造血幹細胞を維持する培養法

フローサイトメトリーによる造血幹細胞と前駆細胞の血縁関係、分裂数、表現型の同時評価

TEM分析のための低細胞数とサンプル調製のための代替的アプローチ

造血幹細胞とT細胞におけるミトコンドリア質量と膜電位の測定

細胞外フラックス分析装置を用いたマウス造血幹および原始前駆細胞における細胞生体エネルギーの評価

マウス骨髄造血幹・前駆細胞および間質ニッチ細胞のフローサイトメトリー解析

長期および短期造血幹細胞の単離方法

西部のしみが付くプロトコル造血幹細胞の数が少ない

要約

さらに動画を探す

造血幹細胞の分離と移植（造血幹細胞）

赤血球の溶血症に対する造血幹細胞移植後の残留ドナー赤芽球系前駆細胞の検出

造血幹細胞細胞代謝の解析

静止ヒト造血幹細胞を維持する培養法

フローサイトメトリー による 造血幹細胞と前駆細胞の血縁関係、分裂数、表現型の同時評価

TEM分析のための低細胞数とサンプル調製のための代替的アプローチ

造血幹細胞とT細胞におけるミトコンドリア質量と膜電位の測定

細胞外フラックス分析装置を用いたマウス造血幹および原始前駆細胞における細胞生体エネルギーの評価

マウス骨髄造血幹・前駆細胞および間質ニッチ細胞のフローサイトメトリー解析

長期および短期造血幹細胞の単離方法

フローサイトメトリーによる造血幹細胞と前駆細胞の血縁関係、分裂数、表現型の同時評価