Name: measuring the carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-pwv) to evaluate arterial stiffness
Uploaded: 2018-05-03T13:30:00.000+00:00
Duration: 5 min 51 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Cf-PWV to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness at JoVE.com

この作品は、中国 (許可番号 2017YFC0111800) の国家の主要研究開発プログラムと上海市政府 (グラントの ID 2013ZYJB0902 と 15GWZK1002) からの資金援助の下でです。博士 Yi zhang さんは、国家自然科学基金、中国の (グラント 81300239 および 81670377 の ID) によって支えられました。

このプロトコルは、倫理委員会の上海第 10 回人民病院が承認されました。
1. 参加者の募集
<ol><li>大人は、適度な心拍数 (40 < HR < 160)。</li>
	<li>以下の除外基準を使用します。<ol>
<li>そのような腎透析の動静脈瘻孔内部や他の末梢動静脈瘻のないものを除外します。</li>
		<li>末梢動脈攣縮、レイノー病などのないものを除外します。</li>
		<li>大動脈弁狭窄症 (transprosthetic 圧力勾配 > 60 mmHg) のないものを除外します。</li>
		<li>2 番目または 3 度の房室 (AV) ブロックのないものを除外します。</li>
		<li>心房細動または心房粗動のないものを除外します。</li>
		<li>それらが破裂して混練後不安定な頸動脈の動脈硬化性プラークなしを除外します。9) 認知障害なしまたは協力することができません。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>参加者の膀胱が空であることを確認します。</li>
	<li>禁煙、喫煙やカフェイン使用中の測定の前に少なくとも 3 時間の参加者があります。測定の前に少なくとも 12 時間のアルコールを控えます。高速の測定の前に少なくとも 3 時間。</li>
</ol>2. 血管 TOD の測定
注: cf PWV と PWA 測定、従来 4 四肢血圧測定のような非侵襲的評価法により実行されます。標準プロトコルと複数の演算子がある場合は特に、正確な値を取得することが重要です。実際の操作の前に法を実践することを確認します。参加者の協力は、cf PWV 測定用キーです。
<ol><li>参加者に手順を説明し、許可を得る。</li>
	<li>身長と測定開始前に体重を測定します。</li>
	<li>プロセスは 5-10 分をかかることがあり、ベッドの上参加者のうそをする必要がありますを説明します。<ol>
<li>シフト ポジションを仰臥位とき、患者の皮膚を清潔で乾燥してください。発汗のため、患者の皮膚が湿っていたりする場合、乾燥の肌をふきます。</li>
		<li>安定した室温の静かな部屋の測定を実行します。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>心電図信号を滑らかで、妨げられていないがあるかどうかを確認する自分の体の横に参加者の手を置きます。3 鉛心電図モニターでは、次の図 (図 2) によると 3 つの電極 (RA、LL、ラ) を位置決めまで接続します。 注: 使い捨て電極の使用をお勧めします。描画装置その他の心電図で心電図リード線材は使用できません。</li>
	<li>仰臥位で、少なくとも 5 分間患者の残りがあります。半自動オシロ装置を患者さんの血圧を測定します。 注:17欧州高血圧学会の推奨事項に従って血圧を測定します。</li>
	<li>少なくとも 2 分間患者の残りがあります。 注: 上腕動脈の血圧を測定する場合、動脈閉塞による末梢血管の怒張は、上腕動脈パルス伝送が変更されます。休憩は、過剰な偏差を避けるために不可欠です。</li>
	<li>参加者がかかっている間は、測定装置 (図 3) に臥位の血圧、身長、体重、オペレーターの名を含む参加者の詳細情報を入力します。</li>
	<li>すべての情報を入力する後、仰臥位で参加者を維持します。</li>
	<li>(Mm) (図 3) の以下のパラメーターを手動で測定します。<ol>
<li>胸骨上のノッチ (SSN) からリモート検出ポイント (大腿動脈) までの距離を測定します。</li>
		<li>胸骨切痕から近位 (頸動脈) 検出ポイントまでの距離を測定します。</li>
		<li>近位 (頸動脈) 検出ポイント (cf 距離) にリモート検出ポイント (大腿動脈) からの距離を測定します。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>PWA モードを選択します。SSN 頸動脈距離として '0' を入力し、入力 0.8 * SSN 大腿骨距離として cf 距離。デバイスは、'0' を許可しない場合、SSN 頸動脈距離として別の値を入れるし、SSN 大腿骨距離5として 80 %cf 距離にその値を追加します。 注: オペレーターは最も快適な位置に座る必要があります。</li>
	<li>データを取得するボタンを押します。橈骨動脈変動ポイント (変動が強く、安定した時点で橈骨茎状突起の上 1-2 cm) で、眼圧計を置く中心血圧を測定します。<ol>
<li>コンピューターの安定した波形を取得する眼圧計の位置を維持します。トノメトリ測定の再現性と品質基準に達した、信号記録はコンピューターによって自動的に完了します。</li>
		<li>90 ° で、眼圧計を維持します。</li>
		<li>寄生虫の動きを避けるためには、指で基地の近く眼圧計を固定、皮膚に眼圧計をしっかりと貼る。 注: ソフトウェアの中には、眼圧計の測定サイトに配置されるとすぐに自動的にデータを記録します。品質とトノメトリ測定の再現性はテストされます自動的に。80% を超える演算子インデックスは、信頼性の高い測定として考慮されます。パルス圧力増幅 (PPA の)、中央への末梢パルス圧力比として定義され、式、PPA で計算されます (上腕 SBP - 上腕 DBP) =/(中央 SBP 中央 DBP)-1。PWA は、デバイス18 (図 4) で観察できます。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>PWV モードを選択します。頸動脈変動に対して、眼圧計を置きます。コンピューターの安定した波形を取得する眼圧計の位置を維持します。後 15-20 秒の安定した波形を記録します。一度品質とトノメトリ測定の再現性 (図 5) 手動で録画の標準、完了に達する。</li>
	<li>大腿動脈変動ポイント (中点変動が安定した時点で鼠径靭帯の下 1-2 cm) に、眼圧計を置きます。安定した波形を記録する眼圧計の位置を維持します。15-20 秒の安定した波形を記録した後トノメトリ測定の再現性と品質基準に到達したら手動で録画を終了します。PWV 値はデバイス cf PWV ≥ 10 m で観察できます/s は、動脈硬化 (図 5)1と見なされます。</li>
</ol>

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著者が明らかに何もありません。

ここでは、参加者の新規臨床血管トッズ、動脈の剛性、cf PWV の評価を評価するために広くアクセス可能な方法論を示します。測定デバイスの前に行われる違いの最小限血行動態と PWs を比較するために上腕のシストリックおよび diastolic BP 未満 3 mmHg によって変化するときデータを受け付けます。これは、人間の操作による偏差を軽減されます。このプロトコルで重要な手順は、頚動脈や大腿...

動脈硬化は、血管の老化評価1,2の良いマーカーです。動脈硬化の測定は従来は動脈壁硬化度1,3,4、5の重要な信頼できる測定脈波速度 (PWV) の方法論を使用して行われています。具体的には、PWV は、動脈の特定セグメントの剛性を表します。特定のセグメントの動脈の血管透過パルス波とその速度は反比例6壁自体の粘弾性特性に関連します。動脈硬化と PWV 値が増加します。
頚動脈-大腿動脈脈 (cf PWV) 上腕足首脈 (ba PWV) は、2 最も頻繁に適用される PWV 測定。彼らは cf PWV は欧米で人気があり ba PWV はアジアの国で人気の臨床の現場で活躍しています。7,8します。 実際には、cf PWV は、動脈壁硬化度1の 'ゴールド スタンダード' 測定として考えられています。Cf, それは取得の全体の大動脈 PWV の代表として。その上、ba, 真の動脈経路 (足首、上腕) 測定サイトのリンクはありません。推定 ba PWV は、中枢および末梢の動脈系9の全部について PWV を表します。以前の研究は、その cf PWV は無症候性高血圧ターゲット器官損傷 (TOD)10 (図 1) の関連付けで ba PWV を報告しています。
特定眼圧計搭載地域の剛性の非侵襲的なデバイスは、大腿骨のセグメント1に頚動脈の硬さを測定するますます使用されています。Cf PWV 測定でこのデバイスと手持ち眼圧計は、高解像度デジタル波形画像と特定の PWV 値 (図 2) を記録することができますコンピューターの安定した波形を作成します。これらのすべての測定値を標準化する必要があります。ここでは、実世界の設定のこの非侵襲的トノメトリ ベースのデバイスと良質の cf PWV を記録する方法を示します。
いくつかは、フラミンガム リスク スコアとリスク ・ スコア ・ チャートなどの心血管リスク予測モデルは、主に計算され、従来の危険因子11,12順設立。ただし、いくつかの新規バイオ マーカーは、リスク層別化13を改善するためにリスク評価モデルに追加する必要があります。本邦では、動脈硬化は従来の危険因子と臨床心血管イベント14間の中間状態として考慮されます。リスク評価モデルに cf PWV を追加、リスク層別化15,16のためのツールがあります。
ここでは、我々 は参加者の cf-PWV、PWA、動脈硬化の評価の標準的なプロトコルを確立するとともに評価する方法論の計画を生成します。

<table><tbody><tr><td>SphygmoCor tonometry-based device</td><td>AtCor Medical, Australia</td><td></td><td>For central blood pressures and cf-PWV</td></tr><tr><td>Electrodes</td><td>AtCor Medical, Australia</td><td></td><td>To record the ECG</td></tr><tr><td>Semiautomatic Oscillometric device</td><td>OMRON Healthcare, kyoto, Japan</td><td></td><td>To measure brachial BP</td></tr></tbody></table>

measuring the carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-pwv) to evaluate arterial stiffness

高齢者、動脈硬化は老化の評価の良いマーカーと動脈の堅さが大腿部の脈波伝播速度 (cf PWV) に頸動脈の計測による非侵襲的に決定するは、勧め (クラス I;証拠のレベル)。文学、その高い cf PWV は心血管リスクの増加に関連付けられている多くのコミュニティ ベースまたは特定の病気の研究を報告している.ここでは、我々 は cf PWV による動脈壁硬化を評価する戦略を話し合います。次のここで手順を明確に定義された、例えば、適切な位置演算子、距離測定、眼圧計の位置、動脈硬化を評価する標準的な cf PWV 値を取得します。本稿で良質 PWV とパルスを記録する詳細なステップワイズ法は非侵襲トノメトリ ベースのデバイスについては、説明を用いた解析 (PWA) 波します。

北の上海研究19から 2098 参加者のすべてのメソッドを使用この Cf PWV と ba-PWV (と他の方法の10) を行った。Cf PWV と ba PWV の両方は、同じロジスティック回帰モデルで使用されました。このモデルでは、年齢と性別を調整しました。結果、cf-脈しかない ba PWV、だった増加 IMT と動脈のプラーク (図 1) 高齢者の血管?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Cf-PWV to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness at JoVE.com

Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Cf-PWV to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness

このプロトコルでは、動脈硬化を評価する頚動脈-大腿動脈の脈波伝播速度の測定方法を標準化するためのメソッドについて説明します。

大腿部の脈波伝播速度 (Cf PWV) 動脈硬化を評価するために頸動脈を測定

For the elderly, arterial stiffening is a good marker for aging evaluation and it is recommended that the arterial stiffness be determined noninvasively ...

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Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (Cf-PWV) to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness

Vital Signs: Pulse

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17.3K ビュー.  Tongji University School of Medicine. このプロトコルでは、動脈硬化を評価する頚動脈-大腿動脈の脈波伝播速度の測定方法を標準化するためのメソッドについて説明します。

ビデオ: Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Cf-PWV to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness

Use of Animal Model of Sepsis to Evaluate Novel Herbal Therapies

Sepsis refers to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome resulting from a microbial infection. It has been routinely simulated in animals by several techniques, including infusion of exogenous bacterial toxin (endotoxemia) or bacteria (bacteremia), as well as surgical perforation of the cecum by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)1-3. CLP allows bacteria spillage and fecal contamination of the peritoneal cavity, mimicking the human clinical disease of perforated appendicitis or diverticulitis. The severity of sepsis, as reflected by the eventual mortality rates, can be controlled surgically by varying the size of the needle used for cecal puncture2. In animals, CLP induces similar, biphasic hemodynamic cardiovascular, metabolic, and immunological responses as observed during the clinical course of human sepsis3. Thus, the CLP model is considered as one of the most clinically relevant models for experimental sepsis1-3.
Various animal models have been used to elucidate the intricate mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of experimental sepsis. The lethal consequence of sepsis is attributable partly to an excessive accumulation of early cytokines (such as TNF, IL-1 and IFN-&gamma;)4-6 and late proinflammatory mediators (e.g., HMGB1)7. Compared with early proinflammatory cytokines, late-acting mediators have a wider therapeutic window for clinical applications. For instance, delayed administration of HMGB1-neutralizing antibodies beginning 24 hours after CLP, still rescued mice from lethality8,9, establishing HMGB1 as a late mediator of lethal sepsis. The discovery of HMGB1 as a late-acting mediator has initiated a new field of investigation for the development of sepsis therapies using Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine. In this paper, we describe a procedure of CLP-induced sepsis, and its usage in screening herbal medicine for HMGB1-targeting therapies.

Sepsis refers to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome resulting from a microbial infection, and can be simulated by a surgical technique termed cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Here we describe a method to use CLP-induced animal model to screen medicinal herbs for therapeutic agents.

新しいハーブ治療法を評価するために敗血症の動物モデルの使用

Sepsis refers to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome resulting from a microbial infection. It has been routinely simulated in animals by several ...

医学

The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia

Amblyopia, a developmental disorder of the visual cortex, is one of the leading causes of visual dysfunction in the working age population. Current estimates put the prevalence of amblyopia at approximately 1-3%1-3, the majority of cases being monocular2. Amblyopia is most frequently caused by ocular misalignment (strabismus), blur induced by unequal refractive error (anisometropia), and in some cases by form deprivation.
Although amblyopia is initially caused by abnormal visual input in infancy, once established, the visual deficit often remains when normal visual input has been restored using surgery and/or refractive correction. This is because amblyopia is the result of abnormal visual cortex development rather than a problem with the amblyopic eye itself4,5 . Amblyopia is characterized by both monocular and binocular deficits6,7 which include impaired visual acuity and poor or absent stereopsis respectively. The visual dysfunction in amblyopia is often associated with a strong suppression of the inputs from the amblyopic eye under binocular viewing conditions8. Recent work has indicated that suppression may play a central role in both the monocular and binocular deficits associated with amblyopia9,10 .
Current clinical tests for suppression tend to verify the presence or absence of suppression rather than giving a quantitative measurement of the degree of suppression. Here we describe a technique for measuring amblyopic suppression with a compact, portable device11,12 . The device consists of a laptop computer connected to a pair of virtual reality goggles. The novelty of the technique lies in the way we present visual stimuli to measure suppression. Stimuli are shown to the amblyopic eye at high contrast while the contrast of the stimuli shown to the non-amblyopic eye are varied. Patients perform a simple signal/noise task that allows for a precise measurement of the strength of excitatory binocular interactions. The contrast offset at which neither eye has a performance advantage is a measure of the "balance point" and is a direct measure of suppression. This technique has been validated psychophysically both in control13,14 and patient6,9,11 populations.
In addition to measuring suppression this technique also forms the basis of a novel form of treatment to decrease suppression over time and improve binocular and often monocular function in adult patients with amblyopia12,15,16 . This new treatment approach can be deployed either on the goggle system described above or on a specially modified iPod touch device15.

Amblyopia is a developmental disorder of the visual cortex that is often accompanied by strong suppression of one eye. We present a new technique for measuring and treating interocular suppression in patients with amblyopia that can be deployed using virtual reality goggles or a portable iPod Touch device.

弱視における抑制の測定と治療

Amblyopia, a developmental disorder of the visual cortex, is one of the leading causes of visual dysfunction in the working age population. Current ...

Pulse Wave Velocity Testing in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity is considered the gold standard for measurements of central arterial stiffness obtained through noninvasive methods1.&#160;Subjects are placed in the supine position and allowed to rest quietly for at least 10 min prior to the start of the exam. The proper cuff size is selected and a blood pressure is obtained using an oscillometric device. Once a resting blood pressure has been obtained, pressure waveforms are acquired from the right femoral and right common carotid arteries. The system then automatically calculates the pulse transit time between these two sites (using the carotid artery as a surrogate for the descending aorta). Body surface measurements are used to determine the distance traveled by the pulse wave between the two sampling sites. This distance is then divided by the pulse transit time resulting in the pulse wave velocity. The measurements are performed in triplicate and the average is used for analysis.

Pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement assesses arterial stiffness by a tonometry-based system that measures the speed with which arterial pressure wave travels along the arterial tree, typically approximating the time that it takes this wave to travel from the descending aorta (using the carotid artery as a surrogate) to the femoral artery. Carotid-femoral PWV increases two- to threefold across the adult lifespan.

高齢化のボルチモア縦断的研究におけるパルス波速度のテスト

Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity is considered the gold standard for measurements of central arterial stiffness obtained through noninvasive ...

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to the general population, and this is only partially explained by traditional CVD risk factors. Vascular dysfunction is an important non-traditional risk factor, characterized by vascular endothelial dysfunction (most commonly assessed as impaired endothelium-dependent dilation [EDD]) and stiffening of the large elastic arteries. While various techniques exist to assess EDD and large elastic artery stiffness, the most commonly used are brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMDBA) and aortic pulse-wave velocity (aPWV), respectively. Both of these noninvasive measures of vascular dysfunction are independent predictors of future cardiovascular events in patients with and without kidney disease. Patients with CKD demonstrate both impaired FMDBA, and increased aPWV. While the exact mechanisms by which vascular dysfunction develops in CKD are incompletely understood, increased oxidative stress and a subsequent reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability are important contributors. Cellular changes in oxidative stress can be assessed by collecting vascular endothelial cells from the antecubital vein and measuring protein expression of markers of oxidative stress using immunofluorescence. We provide here a discussion of these methods to measure FMDBA, aPWV, and vascular endothelial cell protein expression.

The degree of vascular dysfunction and contributing physiological mechanisms can be assessed in patients with chronic kidney disease by measuring brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, aortic pulse-wave velocity, and vascular endothelial cell protein expression.

慢性腎臓病患者における血管機能の評価

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to the general population, and this ...

Measuring Ascending Aortic Stiffness In Vivo in Mice Using Ultrasound

We present a protocol for measuring in vivo aortic stiffness in mice using high-resolution ultrasound imaging. Aortic diameter is measured by ultrasound and aortic blood pressure is measured invasively with a solid-state pressure catheter. Blood pressure is raised then lowered incrementally by intravenous infusion of vasoactive drugs phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside. Aortic diameter is measured for each pressure step to characterize the pressure-diameter relationship of the ascending aorta. Stiffness indices derived from the pressure-diameter relationship can be calculated from the data collected. Calculation of arterial compliance is described in this protocol.
This technique can be used to investigate mechanisms underlying increased aortic stiffness associated with cardiovascular disease and aging. The technique produces a physiologically relevant measure of stiffness compared to ex vivo approaches because physiological influences on aortic stiffness are incorporated in the measurement. The primary limitation of this technique is the measurement error introduced from the movement of the aorta during the cardiac cycle. This motion can be compensated by adjusting the location of the probe with the aortic movement as well as making multiple measurements of the aortic pressure-diameter relationship and expanding the experimental group size.

Measuring Ascending Aortic Stiffness In Vivo in Mice Using Ultrasound

We describe a technique for measuring aortic stiffness from its pressure-diameter relationship in vivo in mice. Aortic diameter is recorded by ultrasound and aortic pressure is measured invasively with a solid-state pressure catheter. Blood pressure is changed incrementally and the resulting diameter is measured.

昇順大動脈剛性の測定<em&gt;インビボ</em&gt;超音波​​を使用したマウスにおける

We present a protocol for measuring in vivo aortic stiffness in mice using high-resolution ultrasound imaging. Aortic diameter is measured by ultrasound ...

A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology

The endothelium is the innermost lining of the vasculature and is involved in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Damage to the endothelium may predispose the vessel to atherosclerosis and increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. Assessments of peripheral endothelial function are good indicators of early abnormalities in the vascular wall and correlate well with assessments of coronary endothelial function. The present manuscript details the important methodological steps necessary for the assessment of microvascular endothelial function using laser Doppler imaging with iontophoresis, large vessel endothelial function using flow-mediated dilatation, and carotid atherosclerosis using carotid artery ultrasound. A discussion on the methodological considerations for each of the techniques is also presented, and recommendations are made for future research.

The present article describes the methodological considerations for several non-invasive assessments of vascular function and morphology that are commonly used in medical research to assess different stages of atherosclerosis.

血管機能と形態の非侵襲的なアセスメントに方法論的アプローチ

The endothelium is the innermost lining of the vasculature and is involved in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis.  Damage to the endothelium may ...

Ultrasound-based Pulse Wave Velocity Evaluation in Mice

Arterial stiffness can be evaluated by calculating pulse wave velocity (PWV), i.e., the speed with which the pulse wave travels in a conduit vessel. This parameter is being increasingly investigated in small rodent models in which it is used for assessing alterations in vascular function related to particular genotypes/treatments or for characterizing cardiovascular disease progression. This protocol describes an image processing algorithm which leads to non-invasive arterial PWV measurement in mice using ultrasound (US) images only. The proposed technique has been used to assess abdominal aorta PWV in mice and evaluate its age-associated changes.
Abdominal aorta US scans are obtained from mice under gaseous anesthesia using a specific US device equipped with high-frequency US probes. B-mode and Pulse-Wave Doppler (PW-Doppler) images are analyzed in order to obtain diameter and mean velocity instantaneous values, respectively. For this purpose, edge detection and contour tracking techniques are employed. The single-beat mean diameter and velocity waveforms are time aligned and combined in order to achieve the diameter-velocity (lnD-V) loop. PWV values are obtained from the slope of the linear part of the loop, which corresponds to the early systolic phase.
With the present approach, anatomical and functional information about the mouse abdominal aorta can be non-invasively achieved. Requiring the processing of US images only, it may represent a useful tool for the non-invasive characterization of different arterial sites in the mouse in terms of elastic properties. The application of the present technique can be easily extended to other vascular districts, such as the carotid artery, thus providing the possibility to obtain a multi-site arterial stiffness assessment.

Arterial stiffness represents a key factor in cardiovascular disease and pulse wave velocity (PWV) can be considered as a surrogate index for arterial stiffness. This protocol describes an image processing algorithm for calculating PWV in mice based on ultrasound image processing that is applicable at different arterial sites.

マウスにおける超音波ベースのパルス波速度の評価

Arterial stiffness can be evaluated by calculating pulse wave velocity (PWV), i.e., the speed with which the pulse wave travels in a conduit vessel. This ...

Measuring the Stiffness of Ex Vivo Mouse Aortas Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Arterial stiffening is a significant risk factor and biomarker for cardiovascular disease and a hallmark of aging. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a versatile analytical tool for characterizing viscoelastic mechanical properties for a variety of materials ranging from hard (plastic, glass, metal, etc.) surfaces to cells on any substrate. It has been widely used to measure the stiffness of cells, but less frequently used to measure the stiffness of aortas. In this paper, we will describe the procedures for using AFM in contact mode to measure the ex vivo elastic modulus of unloaded mouse arteries. We describe our procedure for isolation of mouse aortas, and then provide detailed information for the AFM analysis. This includes step-by-step instructions for alignment of the laser beam, calibration of the spring constant and deflection sensitivity of the AFM probe, and acquisition of force curves. We also provide a detailed protocol for data analysis of the force curves.

Measuring the Stiffness of Ex Vivo Mouse Aortas Using Atomic Force Microscopy

We present detailed protocols for isolation of aortas from mouse and measurement of their elastic modulus using atomic force microscopy.

の剛性を測定します<em&gt; ex vivoで</em原子間力顕微鏡を使用&gt;マウス大動脈

Arterial stiffening is a significant risk factor and biomarker for cardiovascular disease and a hallmark of aging. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a ...

生物学

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>動脈硬化と内皮機能を使用した心血管評価

Pulse-Wave Velocity, Flow-Mediated Dilation, and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness to Assess Cardiovascular Risk in Population with Metabolic Syndrome

Pulse-wave velocity (PWV), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) are established methods used in research and clinical settings to assess arterial stiffness, endothelial function, and subclinical atherogenesis. These measurements may reflect vascular disease and atherosclerotic progression, which are major causes of adverse cardiovascular events. These methods are particularly valuable in determining cardiovascular dysfunction among populations with different risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and other metabolic dysfunction-related conditions. They provide a non-invasive and reliable source of information that complements clinical practice. Early detection, risk assessment, and therapeutic decisions regarding cardiovascular disease can be achieved, ultimately contributing to improved patient outcomes. Traditional tools for evaluating cardiovascular disease do not reveal whether metabolic syndrome affects early subclinical cardiovascular disease in patients with obesity. Recent research has highlighted the importance of including arterial stiffness and endothelial function in a comprehensive cardiovascular assessment. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to describe methods that provide information on early subclinical vascular aging, endothelial dysfunction, and atherogenic disease, enabling vascular-targeted risk stratification among populations with obesity and different metabolic profiles.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>著者スポットライト:メタボリックシンドローム患者の心血管プロファイルの評価

Endothelial/vascular aging and atherogenesis are key mechanisms that promote the development of cardiovascular diseases. The present protocol describes methods to evaluate arterial stiffness, endothelial dysfunction, and atherogenesis in patients with related risk factors, which are highly valuable in the cardiovascular research field.

メタボリックシンドローム集団の心血管リスクを評価するための脈波速度、流れ媒介拡張、および頸動脈内膜中膜の厚さ

Pulse-wave velocity (PWV), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) are established methods used in research and clinical ...

大腿部の脈波伝播速度 (Cf PWV) 動脈硬化を評価するために頸動脈を測定

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新しいハーブ治療法を評価するために敗血症の動物モデルの使用

弱視における抑制の測定と治療

高齢化のボルチモア縦断的研究におけるパルス波速度のテスト

慢性腎臓病患者における血管機能の評価

昇順大動脈剛性の測定

血管機能と形態の非侵襲的なアセスメントに方法論的アプローチ

マウスにおける超音波ベースのパルス波速度の評価

の剛性を測定します

メタボリックシンドローム集団の心血管リスクを評価するための脈波速度、流れ媒介拡張、および頸動脈内膜中膜の厚さ

メタボリックシンドローム集団の心血管リスクを評価するための脈波速度、流れ媒介拡張、および頸動脈内膜中膜の厚さ