この作品は、中国 (許可番号 2017YFC0111800) の国家の主要研究開発プログラムと上海市政府 (グラントの ID 2013ZYJB0902 と 15GWZK1002) からの資金援助の下でです。博士 Yi zhang さんは、国家自然科学基金、中国の (グラント 81300239 および 81670377 の ID) によって支えられました。

このプロトコルは、倫理委員会の上海第 10 回人民病院が承認されました。
1. 参加者の募集
<ol><li>大人は、適度な心拍数 (40 < HR < 160)。</li>
	<li>以下の除外基準を使用します。<ol>
<li>そのような腎透析の動静脈瘻孔内部や他の末梢動静脈瘻のないものを除外します。</li>
		<li>末梢動脈攣縮、レイノー病などのないものを除外します。</li>
		<li>大動脈弁狭窄症 (transprosthetic 圧力勾配 > 60 mmHg) のないものを除外します。</li>
		<li>2 番目または 3 度の房室 (AV) ブロックのないものを除外します。</li>
		<li>心房細動または心房粗動のないものを除外します。</li>
		<li>それらが破裂して混練後不安定な頸動脈の動脈硬化性プラークなしを除外します。9) 認知障害なしまたは協力することができません。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>参加者の膀胱が空であることを確認します。</li>
	<li>禁煙、喫煙やカフェイン使用中の測定の前に少なくとも 3 時間の参加者があります。測定の前に少なくとも 12 時間のアルコールを控えます。高速の測定の前に少なくとも 3 時間。</li>
</ol>2. 血管 TOD の測定
注: cf PWV と PWA 測定、従来 4 四肢血圧測定のような非侵襲的評価法により実行されます。標準プロトコルと複数の演算子がある場合は特に、正確な値を取得することが重要です。実際の操作の前に法を実践することを確認します。参加者の協力は、cf PWV 測定用キーです。
<ol><li>参加者に手順を説明し、許可を得る。</li>
	<li>身長と測定開始前に体重を測定します。</li>
	<li>プロセスは 5-10 分をかかることがあり、ベッドの上参加者のうそをする必要がありますを説明します。<ol>
<li>シフト ポジションを仰臥位とき、患者の皮膚を清潔で乾燥してください。発汗のため、患者の皮膚が湿っていたりする場合、乾燥の肌をふきます。</li>
		<li>安定した室温の静かな部屋の測定を実行します。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>心電図信号を滑らかで、妨げられていないがあるかどうかを確認する自分の体の横に参加者の手を置きます。3 鉛心電図モニターでは、次の図 (図 2) によると 3 つの電極 (RA、LL、ラ) を位置決めまで接続します。 注: 使い捨て電極の使用をお勧めします。描画装置その他の心電図で心電図リード線材は使用できません。</li>
	<li>仰臥位で、少なくとも 5 分間患者の残りがあります。半自動オシロ装置を患者さんの血圧を測定します。 注:17欧州高血圧学会の推奨事項に従って血圧を測定します。</li>
	<li>少なくとも 2 分間患者の残りがあります。 注: 上腕動脈の血圧を測定する場合、動脈閉塞による末梢血管の怒張は、上腕動脈パルス伝送が変更されます。休憩は、過剰な偏差を避けるために不可欠です。</li>
	<li>参加者がかかっている間は、測定装置 (図 3) に臥位の血圧、身長、体重、オペレーターの名を含む参加者の詳細情報を入力します。</li>
	<li>すべての情報を入力する後、仰臥位で参加者を維持します。</li>
	<li>(Mm) (図 3) の以下のパラメーターを手動で測定します。<ol>
<li>胸骨上のノッチ (SSN) からリモート検出ポイント (大腿動脈) までの距離を測定します。</li>
		<li>胸骨切痕から近位 (頸動脈) 検出ポイントまでの距離を測定します。</li>
		<li>近位 (頸動脈) 検出ポイント (cf 距離) にリモート検出ポイント (大腿動脈) からの距離を測定します。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>PWA モードを選択します。SSN 頸動脈距離として '0' を入力し、入力 0.8 * SSN 大腿骨距離として cf 距離。デバイスは、'0' を許可しない場合、SSN 頸動脈距離として別の値を入れるし、SSN 大腿骨距離5として 80 %cf 距離にその値を追加します。 注: オペレーターは最も快適な位置に座る必要があります。</li>
	<li>データを取得するボタンを押します。橈骨動脈変動ポイント (変動が強く、安定した時点で橈骨茎状突起の上 1-2 cm) で、眼圧計を置く中心血圧を測定します。<ol>
<li>コンピューターの安定した波形を取得する眼圧計の位置を維持します。トノメトリ測定の再現性と品質基準に達した、信号記録はコンピューターによって自動的に完了します。</li>
		<li>90 ° で、眼圧計を維持します。</li>
		<li>寄生虫の動きを避けるためには、指で基地の近く眼圧計を固定、皮膚に眼圧計をしっかりと貼る。 注: ソフトウェアの中には、眼圧計の測定サイトに配置されるとすぐに自動的にデータを記録します。品質とトノメトリ測定の再現性はテストされます自動的に。80% を超える演算子インデックスは、信頼性の高い測定として考慮されます。パルス圧力増幅 (PPA の)、中央への末梢パルス圧力比として定義され、式、PPA で計算されます (上腕 SBP - 上腕 DBP) =/(中央 SBP 中央 DBP)-1。PWA は、デバイス18 (図 4) で観察できます。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>PWV モードを選択します。頸動脈変動に対して、眼圧計を置きます。コンピューターの安定した波形を取得する眼圧計の位置を維持します。後 15-20 秒の安定した波形を記録します。一度品質とトノメトリ測定の再現性 (図 5) 手動で録画の標準、完了に達する。</li>
	<li>大腿動脈変動ポイント (中点変動が安定した時点で鼠径靭帯の下 1-2 cm) に、眼圧計を置きます。安定した波形を記録する眼圧計の位置を維持します。15-20 秒の安定した波形を記録した後トノメトリ測定の再現性と品質基準に到達したら手動で録画を終了します。PWV 値はデバイス cf PWV ≥ 10 m で観察できます/s は、動脈硬化 (図 5)1と見なされます。</li>
</ol>

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著者が明らかに何もありません。

ここでは、参加者の新規臨床血管トッズ、動脈の剛性、cf PWV の評価を評価するために広くアクセス可能な方法論を示します。測定デバイスの前に行われる違いの最小限血行動態と PWs を比較するために上腕のシストリックおよび diastolic BP 未満 3 mmHg によって変化するときデータを受け付けます。これは、人間の操作による偏差を軽減されます。このプロトコルで重要な手順は、頚動脈や大腿...

動脈硬化は、血管の老化評価1,2の良いマーカーです。動脈硬化の測定は従来は動脈壁硬化度1,3,4、5の重要な信頼できる測定脈波速度 (PWV) の方法論を使用して行われています。具体的には、PWV は、動脈の特定セグメントの剛性を表します。特定のセグメントの動脈の血管透過パルス波とその速度は反比例6壁自体の粘弾性特性に関連します。動脈硬化と PWV 値が増加します。
頚動脈-大腿動脈脈 (cf PWV) 上腕足首脈 (ba PWV) は、2 最も頻繁に適用される PWV 測定。彼らは cf PWV は欧米で人気があり ba PWV はアジアの国で人気の臨床の現場で活躍しています。7,8します。 実際には、cf PWV は、動脈壁硬化度1の 'ゴールド スタンダード' 測定として考えられています。Cf, それは取得の全体の大動脈 PWV の代表として。その上、ba, 真の動脈経路 (足首、上腕) 測定サイトのリンクはありません。推定 ba PWV は、中枢および末梢の動脈系9の全部について PWV を表します。以前の研究は、その cf PWV は無症候性高血圧ターゲット器官損傷 (TOD)10 (図 1) の関連付けで ba PWV を報告しています。
特定眼圧計搭載地域の剛性の非侵襲的なデバイスは、大腿骨のセグメント1に頚動脈の硬さを測定するますます使用されています。Cf PWV 測定でこのデバイスと手持ち眼圧計は、高解像度デジタル波形画像と特定の PWV 値 (図 2) を記録することができますコンピューターの安定した波形を作成します。これらのすべての測定値を標準化する必要があります。ここでは、実世界の設定のこの非侵襲的トノメトリ ベースのデバイスと良質の cf PWV を記録する方法を示します。
いくつかは、フラミンガム リスク スコアとリスク ・ スコア ・ チャートなどの心血管リスク予測モデルは、主に計算され、従来の危険因子11,12順設立。ただし、いくつかの新規バイオ マーカーは、リスク層別化13を改善するためにリスク評価モデルに追加する必要があります。本邦では、動脈硬化は従来の危険因子と臨床心血管イベント14間の中間状態として考慮されます。リスク評価モデルに cf PWV を追加、リスク層別化15,16のためのツールがあります。
ここでは、我々 は参加者の cf-PWV、PWA、動脈硬化の評価の標準的なプロトコルを確立するとともに評価する方法論の計画を生成します。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>SphygmoCor tonometry-based device</td>
			<td>AtCor Medical, Australia</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For central blood pressures and cf-PWV</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electrodes</td>
			<td>AtCor Medical, Australia</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>To record the ECG</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Semiautomatic Oscillometric device</td>
			<td>OMRON Healthcare, kyoto, Japan</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>To measure brachial BP</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

measuring the carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-pwv) to evaluate arterial stiffness

高齢者、動脈硬化は老化の評価の良いマーカーと動脈の堅さが大腿部の脈波伝播速度 (cf PWV) に頸動脈の計測による非侵襲的に決定するは、勧め (クラス I;証拠のレベル)。文学、その高い cf PWV は心血管リスクの増加に関連付けられている多くのコミュニティ ベースまたは特定の病気の研究を報告している.ここでは、我々 は cf PWV による動脈壁硬化を評価する戦略を話し合います。次のここで手順を明確に定義された、例えば、適切な位置演算子、距離測定、眼圧計の位置、動脈硬化を評価する標準的な cf PWV 値を取得します。本稿で良質 PWV とパルスを記録する詳細なステップワイズ法は非侵襲トノメトリ ベースのデバイスについては、説明を用いた解析 (PWA) 波します。

北の上海研究19から 2098 参加者のすべてのメソッドを使用この Cf PWV と ba-PWV (と他の方法の10) を行った。Cf PWV と ba PWV の両方は、同じロジスティック回帰モデルで使用されました。このモデルでは、年齢と性別を調整しました。結果、cf-脈しかない ba PWV、だった増加 IMT と動脈のプラーク (図 1) 高齢者の血管?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Cf-PWV to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness at JoVE.com

Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Cf-PWV to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness

このプロトコルでは、動脈硬化を評価する頚動脈-大腿動脈の脈波伝播速度の測定方法を標準化するためのメソッドについて説明します。

大腿部の脈波伝播速度 (Cf PWV) 動脈硬化を評価するために頸動脈を測定

For the elderly, arterial stiffening is a good marker for aging evaluation and it is recommended that the arterial stiffness be determined noninvasively ...

measuring-carotid-to-femoral-pulse-wave-velocity-cf-pwv-to-evaluate

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Unit 1

Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (Cf-PWV) to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness

Vital Signs: Pulse

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17.2K ビュー.  Tongji University School of Medicine. このプロトコルでは、動脈硬化を評価する頚動脈-大腿動脈の脈波伝播速度の測定方法を標準化するためのメソッドについて説明します。

ビデオ: Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Cf-PWV to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness

The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia

Amblyopia, a developmental disorder of the visual cortex, is one of the leading causes of visual dysfunction in the working age population. Current estimates put the prevalence of amblyopia at approximately 1-3%1-3, the majority of cases being monocular2. Amblyopia is most frequently caused by ocular misalignment (strabismus), blur induced by unequal refractive error (anisometropia), and in some cases by form deprivation.
Although amblyopia is initially caused by abnormal visual input in infancy, once established, the visual deficit often remains when normal visual input has been restored using surgery and/or refractive correction. This is because amblyopia is the result of abnormal visual cortex development rather than a problem with the amblyopic eye itself4,5 . Amblyopia is characterized by both monocular and binocular deficits6,7 which include impaired visual acuity and poor or absent stereopsis respectively. The visual dysfunction in amblyopia is often associated with a strong suppression of the inputs from the amblyopic eye under binocular viewing conditions8. Recent work has indicated that suppression may play a central role in both the monocular and binocular deficits associated with amblyopia9,10 .
Current clinical tests for suppression tend to verify the presence or absence of suppression rather than giving a quantitative measurement of the degree of suppression. Here we describe a technique for measuring amblyopic suppression with a compact, portable device11,12 . The device consists of a laptop computer connected to a pair of virtual reality goggles. The novelty of the technique lies in the way we present visual stimuli to measure suppression. Stimuli are shown to the amblyopic eye at high contrast while the contrast of the stimuli shown to the non-amblyopic eye are varied. Patients perform a simple signal/noise task that allows for a precise measurement of the strength of excitatory binocular interactions. The contrast offset at which neither eye has a performance advantage is a measure of the "balance point" and is a direct measure of suppression. This technique has been validated psychophysically both in control13,14 and patient6,9,11 populations.
In addition to measuring suppression this technique also forms the basis of a novel form of treatment to decrease suppression over time and improve binocular and often monocular function in adult patients with amblyopia12,15,16 . This new treatment approach can be deployed either on the goggle system described above or on a specially modified iPod touch device15.

Amblyopia is a developmental disorder of the visual cortex that is often accompanied by strong suppression of one eye. We present a new technique for measuring and treating interocular suppression in patients with amblyopia that can be deployed using virtual reality goggles or a portable iPod Touch device.

弱視における抑制の測定と治療

Amblyopia, a developmental disorder of the visual cortex, is one of the leading causes of visual dysfunction in the working age population. Current ...

医学

Pulse Wave Velocity Testing in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity is considered the gold standard for measurements of central arterial stiffness obtained through noninvasive methods1.&#160;Subjects are placed in the supine position and allowed to rest quietly for at least 10 min prior to the start of the exam. The proper cuff size is selected and a blood pressure is obtained using an oscillometric device. Once a resting blood pressure has been obtained, pressure waveforms are acquired from the right femoral and right common carotid arteries. The system then automatically calculates the pulse transit time between these two sites (using the carotid artery as a surrogate for the descending aorta). Body surface measurements are used to determine the distance traveled by the pulse wave between the two sampling sites. This distance is then divided by the pulse transit time resulting in the pulse wave velocity. The measurements are performed in triplicate and the average is used for analysis.

Pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement assesses arterial stiffness by a tonometry-based system that measures the speed with which arterial pressure wave travels along the arterial tree, typically approximating the time that it takes this wave to travel from the descending aorta (using the carotid artery as a surrogate) to the femoral artery. Carotid-femoral PWV increases two- to threefold across the adult lifespan.

高齢化のボルチモア縦断的研究におけるパルス波速度のテスト

Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity is considered the gold standard for measurements of central arterial stiffness obtained through noninvasive ...

Measuring Ascending Aortic Stiffness In Vivo in Mice Using Ultrasound

We present a protocol for measuring in vivo aortic stiffness in mice using high-resolution ultrasound imaging. Aortic diameter is measured by ultrasound and aortic blood pressure is measured invasively with a solid-state pressure catheter. Blood pressure is raised then lowered incrementally by intravenous infusion of vasoactive drugs phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside. Aortic diameter is measured for each pressure step to characterize the pressure-diameter relationship of the ascending aorta. Stiffness indices derived from the pressure-diameter relationship can be calculated from the data collected. Calculation of arterial compliance is described in this protocol.
This technique can be used to investigate mechanisms underlying increased aortic stiffness associated with cardiovascular disease and aging. The technique produces a physiologically relevant measure of stiffness compared to ex vivo approaches because physiological influences on aortic stiffness are incorporated in the measurement. The primary limitation of this technique is the measurement error introduced from the movement of the aorta during the cardiac cycle. This motion can be compensated by adjusting the location of the probe with the aortic movement as well as making multiple measurements of the aortic pressure-diameter relationship and expanding the experimental group size.

Measuring Ascending Aortic Stiffness In Vivo in Mice Using Ultrasound

We describe a technique for measuring aortic stiffness from its pressure-diameter relationship in vivo in mice. Aortic diameter is recorded by ultrasound and aortic pressure is measured invasively with a solid-state pressure catheter. Blood pressure is changed incrementally and the resulting diameter is measured.

昇順大動脈剛性の測定<em&gt;インビボ</em&gt;超音波​​を使用したマウスにおける

We present a protocol for measuring in vivo aortic stiffness in mice using high-resolution ultrasound imaging. Aortic diameter is measured by ultrasound ...

A Murine Model of Arterial Restenosis: Technical Aspects of Femoral Wire Injury

Cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in the developed world. Narrowing of the vessel lumen, due to atherosclerotic plaque development or the rupturing of established plaques, interrupts normal blood flow leading to various morbidities such as myocardial infarction and stroke. In the clinic endovascular procedures such as angioplasty are commonly performed to reopen the lumen. However, these treatments inevitably damage the vessel wall as well as the vascular endothelium, triggering an excessive healing response and the development of a neointimal plaque that extends into the lumen causing vessel restenosis (re-narrowing). Restenosis remains a major cause of failure of endovascular treatments for atherosclerosis. Thus, preclinical animal models of restenosis are vitally important for investigating the pathophysiological mechanisms as well as translational approaches to vascular interventions. Among several murine experimental models, femoral artery wire injury is widely accepted as the most suitable for studies of post-angioplasty restenosis because it closely resembles the angioplasty procedure that injures both endothelium and vessel wall. However, many researchers have difficulty utilizing this model due to its high degree of technical difficulty. This is primarily because a metal wire needs to be inserted into the femoral artery, which is approximately three times thinner than the wire, to generate sufficient injury to induce prominent neointima. Here, we describe the essential surgical details to effectively overcome the major technical difficulties of this model. By following the presented procedures, performing the mouse femoral artery wire injury becomes easier. Once familiarized, the whole procedure can be completed within 20 min.

The mouse femoral artery wire injury model of restenosis is technically challenging. In this protocol we show the key technical details essential for successfully performing wire injury to induce consistent&#160;neointima for studies of restenosis.

動脈再狭窄のマウスモデル：大腿ワイヤー傷害の技術的な側面

Cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in the developed world. Narrowing of the vessel lumen, due to ...

Ultrasound-based Pulse Wave Velocity Evaluation in Mice

Arterial stiffness can be evaluated by calculating pulse wave velocity (PWV), i.e., the speed with which the pulse wave travels in a conduit vessel. This parameter is being increasingly investigated in small rodent models in which it is used for assessing alterations in vascular function related to particular genotypes/treatments or for characterizing cardiovascular disease progression. This protocol describes an image processing algorithm which leads to non-invasive arterial PWV measurement in mice using ultrasound (US) images only. The proposed technique has been used to assess abdominal aorta PWV in mice and evaluate its age-associated changes.
Abdominal aorta US scans are obtained from mice under gaseous anesthesia using a specific US device equipped with high-frequency US probes. B-mode and Pulse-Wave Doppler (PW-Doppler) images are analyzed in order to obtain diameter and mean velocity instantaneous values, respectively. For this purpose, edge detection and contour tracking techniques are employed. The single-beat mean diameter and velocity waveforms are time aligned and combined in order to achieve the diameter-velocity (lnD-V) loop. PWV values are obtained from the slope of the linear part of the loop, which corresponds to the early systolic phase.
With the present approach, anatomical and functional information about the mouse abdominal aorta can be non-invasively achieved. Requiring the processing of US images only, it may represent a useful tool for the non-invasive characterization of different arterial sites in the mouse in terms of elastic properties. The application of the present technique can be easily extended to other vascular districts, such as the carotid artery, thus providing the possibility to obtain a multi-site arterial stiffness assessment.

Arterial stiffness represents a key factor in cardiovascular disease and pulse wave velocity (PWV) can be considered as a surrogate index for arterial stiffness. This protocol describes an image processing algorithm for calculating PWV in mice based on ultrasound image processing that is applicable at different arterial sites.

マウスにおける超音波ベースのパルス波速度の評価

Arterial stiffness can be evaluated by calculating pulse wave velocity (PWV), i.e., the speed with which the pulse wave travels in a conduit vessel. This ...

In Vivo Gene Transfer to the Rabbit Common Carotid Artery Endothelium

The goal of this method is to introduce a transgene into the endothelium of isolated segments of both rabbit common carotid arteries. The method achieves focal endothelial-selective transgenesis, thereby allowing an investigator to determine the biological roles of endothelial-expressed transgenes and to quantify the in vivo transcriptional activity of DNA sequences in large artery endothelial cells. The method uses surgical isolation of rabbit common carotid arteries and an arteriotomy to deliver a transgene-expressing viral vector into the arterial lumen. A short incubation period of the vector in the lumen, with subsequent aspiration of the lumen contents, is sufficient to achieve efficient and durable expression of the transgene in the endothelium, with no detectable transduction or expression outside of the isolated arterial segment. The method allows assessment of the biological activities of transgene products both in normal arteries and in models of human vascular disease, while avoiding systemic effects that could be caused either by targeting gene delivery to other sites (e.g. the liver) or by the alternative approach of delivering genetic constructs to the endothelium by germ line transgenesis. Application of the method is limited by the need for a skilled surgeon and anesthetist, a well-equipped operating room, the costs of purchasing and housing rabbits, and the need for expertise in gene-transfer vector construction and use. Results obtained with this method include: transgene-related alterations in arterial structure, cellularity, extracellular matrix, or vasomotor function; increases or reductions in arterial inflammation; alterations in vascular cell apoptosis; and progression, retardation, or regression of diseases such as intimal hyperplasia or atherosclerosis. The method also allows measurement of the ability of native and synthetic DNA regulatory sequences to alter transgene expression in endothelial cells, providing results that include: levels of transgene mRNA, levels of transgene protein, and levels of transgene enzymatic activity.

In Vivo Gene Transfer to the Rabbit Common Carotid Artery Endothelium

This method is to introduce a transgene into the endothelium of rabbit carotid arteries. Introduction of the transgene allows the assessment of the biological role of the transgene product either in normal arteries or disease models. The method is also useful for measuring activity of DNA regulatory sequences.

生体内でウサギの一般的な頚動脈内皮細胞への遺伝子導入

The goal of this method is to introduce a transgene into the endothelium of isolated segments of both rabbit common carotid arteries. The method achieves ...

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

Limited evidence exists to precisely estimate efficacy and safety differences between parenteral nutrition (PN) prepared using olive-oil-based three-chamber bags (3CBs) and soybean-oil-based compounded bags (CoBs) in hospitalized adult patients. We designed a multicenter, randomized, prospective, open-label, noninferiority protocol to compare the efficacy, safety, and distribution of olive-oil-based 3CBs and soybean-oil-based CoB formulations in adult Chinese patients requiring PN during surgical intervention. Subjects were randomized to receive either one of the study treatments using an interactive voice or web-based recognition system in accordance with the randomization code. Randomization was further stratified based on the study site and surgical category. Both treatment groups received similar amounts of calories and protein. In addition, the two study treatments contained a similar composition of the amino-acid component. The only difference between the two PN formulations was the lipid constitution. The duration of administration of study treatments was a minimum of 5 days up to a maximum of 14 days after the surgical procedure. The primary efficacy endpoint was serum prealbumin levels on day 5 of the study. Noninferiority was proved if the anti-log of the lower bound of the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the treatment difference was at least 0.80. Other efficacy measures included treatment preparation time; duration to achieve tolerability of oral nutrition; associated infectious complications; length of hospitalization; and laboratory assessment of markers of nutrition, inflammation, metabolism, and oxidative stress. A total of 458 patients were enrolled in the study. The results showed that olive-oil-based 3CBs were non-inferior to soybean-based CoBs, besides being well tolerated. The infection rate was found to be significantly lower in the olive-oil-based 3CB group. Thus, this study may be used as a reference for future research on lipid emulsion and 3CBs.

Here, we present a protocol for a study comparing the efficacy, safety, and delivery of olive-oil-based 3CB and soybean-oil-based CoB formulations in adults requiring parenteral nutrition. The results revealed that olive-oil-based 3CBs is non-inferior and well tolerated compared to soybean formulations.

非経た栄養のためのオリーブオイルベースの3チャンバーバッグの安全性、有効性、および送達を評価する臨床試験

Limited evidence exists to precisely estimate efficacy and safety differences between parenteral nutrition (PN) prepared using olive-oil-based ...

Using a Knee Arthrometer to Evaluate Tissue-specific Contributions to Knee Flexion Contracture in the Rat

Normal knee range of motion (ROM) is critical to well-being and allows one to perform basic activities such as walking, climbing stairs and sitting. Lost ROM is called a joint contracture and results in increased morbidity. Due to the difficulty of reversing established knee contractures, early detection is important, and hence, knowing risk factors for their development is essential. The rat represents a good model with which the effect of an intervention can be studied due to the similarity of rat knee anatomy to that of humans, the rat's ability to tolerate long durations of knee immobilization in flexion, and because mechanical data can be correlated with histologic and biochemical analysis of knee tissue.
Using an automated arthrometer, we demonstrate a validated, precise, reproducible, user-independent method of measuring the extension ROM of the rat knee joint at specific torques. This arthrometer can be used to determine the effects of interventions on knee joint ROM in the rat.

The goal of the protocol is to measure the extension range of motion of the rat knee. The effects of various diseases that increase the stiffness of the knee joint and the effectiveness of treatments can be quantified.

膝 Arthrometer を使用してラットの膝関節屈曲拘縮への組織固有の貢献を評価するには

Normal knee range of motion (ROM) is critical to well-being and allows one to perform basic activities such as walking, climbing stairs and sitting. Lost ...

Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion

The benefits of renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) on blood pressure have been proved in a large number of clinical trials in recent years. However, the regulatory mechanism of RDN on hypertension remains elusive. Thus, it&#39;s essential to establish a simpler RDN model in mice. In this study, osmotic mini pumps filled with Angiotensin II were implanted in 14-week-old C57BL/6 mice. One week after the implantation of the mini-osmotic pump, a modified RDN procedure was performed on bilateral renal arteries of the mice using phenol. Age-sex-matched mice were given saline and served as sham group. Blood pressure was measured at baseline and every week subsequently for 21 days. Then, renal artery, abdominal aorta and heart were collected for histological examination using H&#38;E and Masson staining. In this study, we present a simple, practical, repeatable, and standardized RDN model, which can control hypertension and alleviate cardiac hypertrophy. The technique can denervate peripheral renal sympathetic nerves without renal artery damage. Compared to previous models, the modified RDN facilitates the study of the pathobiology and pathophysiology of hypertension.

Here, we present a protocol for renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) in mice with hypertension induced by Angiotensin II infusion. The procedure is repeatable, convenient and allows to study the regulatory mechanisms of RDN on hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy.

腎除神経の改善により、アンジオテンシンII注入による高血圧が軽減されました。

The benefits of renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) on blood pressure have been proved in a large number of clinical trials in recent years. However, the ...

Network Pharmacology Prediction and Experimental Validation of Trichosanthes-Fritillaria thunbergii Action Mechanism Against Lung Adenocarcinoma

We aimed to study the mechanism of Trichosanthes-Fritillaria thunbergii in treating lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) based on network pharmacology and experimental verification. The effective components and potential targets of Trichosanthis and Fritillaria thunbergii were collected by high-throughput experiment and reference-guided (HERB) database of traditional Chinese medicine and a similarity ensemble approach (SEA) database, and the LUAD-related targets were queried by the GeneCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) databases. A drug-component-disease-target network was constructed by Cytoscape software. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, gene ontology (GO) function, and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were conducted to obtain core targets and key pathways. An aqueous extract of Trichosanthes-Fritillaria thunbergii and A549 cells were used for the subsequent experimental validation. Through the HERB database and literature search, 31 effective compounds and 157 potential target genes of Trichosanthes-Fritillaria thunbergii were screened, of which 144 were regulatory targets of Trichosanthes-Fritillaria thunbergii in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma. The GO functional enrichment analysis showed that the mechanism of action of Trichosanthes-Fritillaria thunbergii against lung adenocarcinoma is mainly protein phosphorylation. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis suggested that the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma by Trichosanthes-Fritillaria thunbergii mainly involves the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The experimental validation showed that an aqueous extract of Trichosanthes-Fritillaria thunbergii could inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells and the phosphorylation of AKT. Through network pharmacology and experimental validation, it was verified that the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway plays a vital role in the action of Trichosanthes-Fritillaria thunbergii in treating lung adenocarcinoma.

Network Pharmacology Prediction and Experimental Validation of Trichosanthes-Fritillaria thunbergii Action Mechanism Against Lung Adenocarcinoma

This study reveals the mechanism of Trichosanthes-Fritillaria thunbergii in treating lung adenocarcinoma based on network pharmacology and experimental verification. The study also demonstrates that the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway plays a vital role in the action of Trichosanthes-Fritillaria thunbergii in treating lung adenocarcinoma.