著者は、卵巣を提供する親切 UNESP-FCAV で犬の滅菌プログラムを認めます。この作品は、FAPESP (プロセス号 2013/14293-0) と岬からの補助金によって支えられました。

この実験は、犬の滅菌プログラムで手術後寄贈 4 雑種メス犬の卵巣を行った。この実験は UNESP-FCAV (プロトコル番号 026991/13) の動物の使用の倫理委員会で承認されました。
1. 実験準備
<ol><li>準備またはダルベッコ滅菌リン酸緩衝生理食塩水 (DPBS) カルシウムやマグネシウムなしの 500 mL を購入します。</li>
	<li>準備、コラゲナーゼの DPBS 1 mL に酵素 40 μ g を混合することによってソリューションをストックします。0.2 μ m のシリンジ フィルターを使用してフィルターを適用し、-20 ° C で 2 mL 因数を格納</li>
	<li>ダルベッコ変法イーグル培地 (DMEM) 低グルコース 10% 胎児血清と抗生物質の 1% から培地を準備します。</li>
	<li>滅菌材料を集める: ハサミ、鉗子、培養フラスコ料理・ チューブ ・ 10 mL と 5 mL のピペットです。</li>
	<li>標準的な細胞培養実験装置を使用して: 生物学的安全キャビネット (BSC)、5% CO2と 38 ° C、および遠心分離機に設定セル文化インキュベーター。</li>
	<li>きれいに BSC: 70% に滅菌手袋をはめた手で UV ライトを使用して、エタノール。</li>
</ol>2. 卵巣から幹細胞の分離
<ol><li>手術後、ラボに到着するまで円錐管で氷の上の PBS で卵巣を維持します。</li>
	<li>10 mL の PBS で 2 つの 100 mm ペトリ皿を埋めます。</li>
	<li>チューブから卵巣を削除し、PBS で最初のシャーレにそれらを転送します。動きの混合で洗ってください。</li>
	<li>優しく卵巣を取得し、別皿に。滅菌ピンセットとはさみ、約 1 mm サイズの非常に小さな部分に、ティッシュをミンチします。</li>
	<li>35 mm ペトリ皿の卵巣組織を転送し、コラゲナーゼの 2 mL を追加します。もう少し組織をミンチします。</li>
	<li>ペトリ皿を 38 ° C で 3 時間のためのインキュベーターで置き、円形の動き 20 分毎でシャーレを軽く振る。</li>
	<li>3 時間後に、インキュベーターからペトリ皿を削除します。</li>
	<li>15 mL チューブに料理の内容を転送します。増殖培地 5 mL を追加します。</li>
	<li>軽く遠心分離前にチューブを反転します。2100 x g で 7 分間削除でチューブに上清を遠心し、増殖培地 3 mL にペレットを再懸濁します。</li>
	<li>T25 ボトルにペレットを転送します。5% でインキュベーターでボトルを配置38 ° C 3 時間で CO2 。 注: プロシージャの最も重要な部分は、インキュベーションの 3 h 後メディアを変更することです。</li>
	<li>インキュベーターからボトルを外し、残りの組織とメディア。新鮮な増殖培地 3 mL をボトルに追加します。</li>
	<li>メディアごとの 48 h を変更し、細胞の合流のためのびんを調べます。 注: プロシージャの主な手順は、図 1に観察できます。</li>
</ol>3. 卵巣から幹細胞の拡大
<ol><li>
セルの通路
	<ol>
<li>セルが合流点に達したら、ボトルからメディアを削除します。</li>
		<li>PBS の 3 ml ボトルを洗います。PBS を削除します。</li>
		<li>1.5 mL のトリプシンおよび 3 分の 38 ° C でインキュベーターでボトルをデタッチする細胞を助けてボトルを軽く入れを追加します。 注: 電池が合流点約 5 - 7 初期めっき後 d に達する必要があります。</li>
		<li>増殖培地 3 mL を追加し、内容を円錐管に転送します。</li>
		<li>2100 x gで 7 分間削除でチューブに上清を遠心し、増殖培地 1 mL を加えます。</li>
		<li>優しく管の内容をホモジナイズしてください。</li>
		<li>カウントのインキュベーターにセルでチューブを入れてセルを実行するサンプルの 10 μ L の因数を取る。</li>
		<li>場所 10 μ、検定にミックス。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
セルをカウント
	<ol>
<li>顕微鏡の対物レンズ 10 倍を使用し、検定のグリッド行に焦点を当てます。</li>
		<li>5 つの小さな正方形 (図 2) のセルをカウントします。</li>
		<li>カウント数を 50,000 ミリリットルあたりのセル数を推定するに乗算します。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>4. 卵巣からの間葉系幹細胞の分化
注: 分化アッセイのヒルらに規定されたガイドラインに従って行われました。9。
<ol><li>好評につき、3 通、4 ウェル培養皿を用いた種子 1.0 × 104セルです。</li>
	<li>拡張メディアの 1 つの mL を追加します。</li>
	<li>円形の動きが付いている皿を振ちましょう。</li>
	<li>24 h 後、培地を望ましい分化メディアに置き換えます。</li>
	<li>骨、脂肪細胞、軟骨細胞分化誘導メディア 30 d で細胞をインキュベート、メディアの交換すべて 3 d. 特定の分化キットはそれぞれこれらのアッセイのため使用されました。</li>
	<li>神経因性の系統分化誘導メディア、メディアの交換すべての 3 d と 10 d の細胞を孵化させなさい。ここで使用するメディアには、DMEM 低血糖 2 mM バルプロ酸、1 μ M ヒドロコルチゾン、10 μ M フォルスコリン、塩化カリウム 5 mM、5 μ G/ml, インスリン, 200 μ M ブチルヒドロキシアニソールが含まれています。</li>
	<li>内胚葉前駆体の 5 d は内胚葉メディア試薬製造元の指示に従って、孵化させなさい。</li>
	<li>始原生殖細胞系への分化、14 d、メディアの交換すべて 3 d で誘導メディア内のセルを孵化させなさい。ここで使用されるメディアに DMEM, 10 %fbs, ピルビン酸ナトリウム 1 mM、10 ng/mL LIF、1 mM 非必須アミノ酸、2 mM L グルタミン、5 μ g/mL インスリン、0.1 mM β-メルカプトエタノール、60 μ M のプトレシン、20 μ G/ml トランスフェリン、10 ng/mL マウス表皮成長因子、1 ng/mL の人間が含まれています。塩基性繊維芽細胞成長因子 40 ng/mL 人間グリア細胞由来神経栄養因子と 15 mg/L ペニシリン。</li>
</ol>

<ol>
	<li>Gazit, Z., Pelled, G., Sheyn, D., Kimelman, N., Gazit, D., Atala, A., Lanza, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchymal+stem+cells.">Mesenchymal stem cells.</a> Handbook of Stem Cells (2nd Edition). , 513-527 (2013).</li><li>Zipori, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+nature+of+stem+cells:+state+rather+than+entity.">The nature of stem cells: state rather than entity.</a> Nature Reviews Genetics. 5 (11), 873-878 (2004).</li><li>Auersperg, N., Wong, A. S., Choi, K. C., Kang, S. K., Leung, P. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ovarian+surface+epithelium:+biology,+endocrinology,+and+pathology.">Ovarian surface epithelium: biology, endocrinology, and pathology.</a> Endocrine Reviews. 22 (2), 255-288 (2001).</li><li>Ahmed, N., Thompson, E. W., Quinn, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epithelial-mesenchymal+interconversions+in+normal+ovarian+surface+epithelium+and+ovarian+carcinomas:+an+exception+to+the+norm.">Epithelial-mesenchymal interconversions in normal ovarian surface epithelium and ovarian carcinomas: an exception to the norm.</a> Journal of Cellular Physiology. 213 (3), 581-588 (2007).</li><li>Bukovsky, A., Svetlikova, M., Caudle, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oogenesis+in+cultures+derived+from+adult+human+ovaries.">Oogenesis in cultures derived from adult human ovaries.</a> Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 3 (1), 17 (2005).</li><li>Gong, S. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Embryonic+stem+cell-like+cells+established+by+culture+of+adult+ovarian+cells+in+mice.">Embryonic stem cell-like cells established by culture of adult ovarian cells in mice.</a> Fertility and Sterility. 93 (8), 2594-2601 (2010).</li><li>Johnson, J., Canning, J., Kaneko, T., Pru, J. K., Tilly, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Germline+stem+cells+and+follicular+renewal+in+the+postnatal+mammalian+ovary.">Germline stem cells and follicular renewal in the postnatal mammalian ovary.</a> Nature. 428 (6979), 145 (2004).</li><li>Deans, R. J., Moseley, A. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchymal+stem+cells:+biology+and+potential+clinical+uses.">Mesenchymal stem cells: biology and potential clinical uses.</a> Experimental Hematology. 28 (8), 875-884 (2000).</li><li>Trinda Hill, A. B. T., Therrien, J., Garcia, J. M., Smith, L. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchymal-like+stem+cells+in+canine+ovary+show+high+differentiation+potential.">Mesenchymal-like stem cells in canine ovary show high differentiation potential.</a> Cell Proliferation. 50 (6), 12391 (2017).</li><li>Dominici, M. L. B. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Minimal+criteria+for+defining+multipotent+mesenchymal+stromal+cells.+The+International+Society+for+Cellular+Therapy+position+statement.">Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement.</a> Cytotherapy. 8, 4315-4317 (2006).</li><li>Friedenstein, A. J., Piatetzky-Shapiro, I. I., Petrakova, K. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Osteogenesis+in+transplants+of+bone+marrow+cells.">Osteogenesis in transplants of bone marrow cells.</a> Development. 16 (3), 381-390 (1966).</li><li>Kuznetsov, S. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-colony+derived+strains+of+human+marrow+stromal+fibroblasts+form+bone+after+transplantation+in+vivo.">Single-colony derived strains of human marrow stromal fibroblasts form bone after transplantation in vivo.</a> Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 12 (9), 1335-1347 (1997).</li></ol>

著者が明らかに何もありません。

ここ MSCs が卵巣摘出後生物系廃棄物をある犬の卵巣組織から分離でき、証拠を提供します。卵巣に多くの細胞のタイプを見つけることができます、という事実のために、プラスチックは、線維芽細胞のような形態の単分子膜の成長細胞を正常に選択への急速な遵守に基づいて MSCs を選択するプロトコルを提案しました。
MSCs の骨髄からの派生の最初レポートは文化<sup clas...

幹細胞に焦点を当てるを過去 10 年間強力な再生医療の治療法の発見の集団の目標によって支えられている研究努力で大幅に増加している発表された研究の数です。幹細胞がある 2 つの主要な定義のマーカー: 自己改修と分化。間葉系幹細胞は正規の組織の売り上げ高し、分化1胚性幹細胞と比較した場合の制限のより強い能力を持っています。最近では、多くの研究は、MSCs の分化の広い範囲を示しているし、の議論の下でトピックがすべて2胎児および成体幹細胞の違いが存在するかどうか。
卵巣表面上皮は、コミットされていない細胞の層、比較的少ない差別化、表現両方上皮と間葉系マーカー3、さまざまな種類の細胞に分化する能力を保持します。環境シグナル4。卵巣の幹細胞の正確な位置はよく知られている; ないです。しかし、逃げずに bipotential 前駆細胞が生殖細胞5に上昇を与えることが提案されている.これらの細胞が間質起源6を持っているまたはまたは卵巣表面7に近位に存在する、免疫学的研究、仮説を立てた。迅速な接着と細胞の人口の選択セルの人口を明確に特定するという仮説を検証する実験が設計された以来、間葉系幹細胞は、細胞接着8で重要な役割を果たす多くの受容体を表現、自然の中に間葉系として characterizable。最近、私たちのグループは、MSCs の迅速な接着9電池の精製された人口を得るために、文化の最初の 3 時間で培養皿のプラスチック表面への密着性の能力に基づく卵巣組織からの派生を報告しました。ここでは、卵巣組織から間葉系幹細胞分離法の開発について述べる.

<table><tbody><tr><td>DPBS&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Thermo Fisher</td><td>14190144</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Collagenase I</td><td>Thermo Fisher</td><td>17100017</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tissue flask</td><td>Corning</td><td>CLS3056</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DMEM low glucose</td><td>Thermo Fisher</td><td>11054020</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FBS</td><td>Thermo Fisher</td><td>12484-010</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>TrypLE express</td><td>Thermo Fisher</td><td>12604021</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>StemPro Adipogenesis Differentiation Kit</td><td>Thermo Fisher</td><td>A1007001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>StemPro Chondrogenesis Differentiation Kit</td><td>Thermo Fisher</td><td>A1007101</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>StemPro Osteogenesis Differentiation Kit</td><td>Thermo Fisher</td><td>A1007201</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>STEMdiff Definitive Endoderm Kit</td><td>StemCell</td><td>5110</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Penicillin-Streptomycin</td><td>Thermo Fisher</td><td>15070063</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CD45</td><td>AbD Serotec</td><td>MCA 2035S</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CD34</td><td>AbD Serotec</td><td>MCA 2411GA</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CD90</td><td>AbD Serotec</td><td>MCA 1036G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CD44</td><td>AbD Serotec</td><td>MCA 1041</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nestin</td><td>Milipore</td><td>MAB353</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&amp;beta;-Tubulin&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Milipore</td><td>MAB1637</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DDX4</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>PA5 -23378</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>IgG- FITC</td><td>AbD Serotec</td><td>STAR80F</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>IgG- FITC</td><td>AbD Serotec</td><td>STAR120F</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

derivation and differentiation of canine ovarian mesenchymal stem cells

間葉系幹細胞 (MSCs) の金利は、分離、拡張、および文化の容易にするため過去 10 年間増加しています。最近、研究はこれらの細胞を持っている広い分化能力を実証しています。卵巣は、MSCs が豊富です、それは頻繁、生物系廃棄物として卵巣摘出手術後破棄されるため細胞ベースの治療のための有望な候補を表します。隔離、拡張のための手順を説明し、細胞選別の必要なし、犬の卵巣由来の分化技術。このプロトコルは、臨床試験のこれらの高い微分可能セルの幅広い適用性のため再生医療のための重要なツールを表し、治療を使用します。

犬の卵巣から幹細胞の分離:
卵巣の MSC 分離手順は、図 1のとおりです。手術、組織のミンチ、コラゲナーゼの消化力、メディア変更文化の初めの後の 3 時間後、急速なプラスチック接着特性と推定される MSC 人口が犬の卵巣組織から正常に分離された.収穫された細胞は培養?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Derivation and Differentiation of Canine Ovarian Mesenchymal Stem Cells at JoVE.com

Derivation and Differentiation of Canine Ovarian Mesenchymal Stem Cells

ここで、分離、拡張、および犬の卵巣組織から間葉系幹細胞の分化の手法について述べる。

導出とイヌの卵巣間葉系幹細胞の分化

Interest in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has increased over the past decade due to their ease of isolation, expansion, and culture. Recently, studies ...

この手順の全体的な目標は、間葉系茎を分離、拡大、および区別する、イニの卵巣組織由来の販売。この実験は、犬の殺菌プログラムで選択的手術後に寄贈された4匹のモングレル雌犬の卵巣で行われた。この実験は、サンパウロ州立大学FVACの動物の使用に関する倫理委員会によって承認されました。代表結果。ディスカッション.結論。

derivation-differentiation-canine-ovarian-mesenchymal-stem

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

5.6K ビュー.  São Paulo State University (UNESP). この手順の全体的な目標は、間葉系茎を分離、拡大、および区別する、イニの卵巣組織由来の販売。この実験は、犬の殺菌プログラムで選択的手術後に寄贈された4匹のモングレル雌犬の卵巣で行われた。この実験は、サンパウロ州立大学FVACの動物の使用に関する倫理委員会によって承認されました。代表結果。ディスカッション.結論。

ビデオ: Derivation and Differentiation of Canine Ovarian Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Derivation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells from Embryonic Stem Cells

Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have the capacity to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells (SMC), and endothelial cells and hold great promise in cell therapy against heart disease. Among various methods to isolate CPCs, differentiation of embryonic stem cell (ESC) into CPCs attracts great attention in the field since ESCs can provide unlimited cell source. As a result, numerous strategies have been developed to derive CPCs from ESCs. In this protocol, differentiation and purification of embryonic CPCs from both mouse and human ESCs is described. Due to the difficulty of using cell surface markers to isolate embryonic CPCs, ESCs are engineered with fluorescent reporters activated by CPC-specific cre recombinase expression. Thus, CPCs can be enriched by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). This protocol illustrates procedures to form embryoid bodies (EBs) from ESCs for CPC specification and enrichment. The isolated CPCs can be subsequently cultured for cardiac lineage differentiation and other biological assays. This protocol is optimized for robust and efficient derivation of CPCs from both mouse and human ESCs.

In this protocol, derivation of cardiac progenitor cells from both mouse and human embryonic stem cells will be illustrated. A major strategy in this protocol is to enrich cardiac progenitor cells with flow cytometry using fluorescent reporters engineered into the embryonic stem cell lines.

胚性幹細胞から心臓前駆細胞の誘導

Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have the capacity to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells (SMC), and endothelial cells and hold great ...

発生生物学

An Enzymatic Method to Rescue Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Clotted Bone Marrow Samples

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) - usually obtained from bone marrow - often require expansion culture. Our protocol uses clinical grade urokinase to degrade clots in the bone marrow and release MSCs for further use. This protocol provides a rapid and inexpensive alternative to bone marrow resampling. Bone marrow is a major source of MSCs, which are interesting for tissue engineering and autologous stem cell therapies. Upon withdrawal bone marrow may clot, as it comprises all of the hematopoietic system. The resulting clots contain also MSCs that are lost for expansion culture or direct stem cell therapy. We experienced that 74% of canine bone marrow samples contained clots and yielded less than half of the stem cell number expected from unclotted samples. Thus, we developed a protocol for enzymatic digestion of those clots to avoid labor-intense and costly bone marrow resampling. Urokinase - a clinically approved and readily available thrombolytic drug &#8211; clears away the bone marrow clots almost completely. As a consequence, treated bone marrow aspirates yield similar numbers of MSCs as unclotted samples. Also, after urokinase treatment the cells kept their metabolic activity and the ability to differentiate into chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. Our protocol salvages clotted blood and bone marrow samples without affecting the quality of the cells. This obsoletes resampling, considerably reduces sampling costs and enables the use of clotted samples for research or therapy.

Mesenchymal stem cells are usually obtained from bone marrow and require expansion culture. When samples clot before processing, a protocol using the (enzymatic) thrombolytic drug urokinase can be applied to degrade the clot. Thus, cells are released and available for expansion culture. This protocol provides a rapid and inexpensive alternative to resampling.

酵素法は、凝固した骨髄試料からの間葉系幹細胞を救出する

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) - usually obtained from bone marrow - often require expansion culture. Our protocol uses clinical grade urokinase to degrade ...

Derivation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Immunosurgery

The ability of human embryonic stem cells to self-renew and differentiate into all cell types of 
the body suggests that they hold great promise for both medical applications and as a research 
tool for addressing fundamental questions in development and disease. Here, we provide a 
concise, step-by-step protocol for the derivation of human embryonic stem cells from embryos 
by immunosurgical isolation of the inner cell mass. 


The ability of human embryonic stem cells to self-renew and differentiate into all cell types of 
the body suggests that they hold great promise for both medical applications and as a research 
tool for addressing fundamental questions in development and disease. Here, we provide a 
concise, step-by-step protocol for the derivation of human embryonic stem cells from embryos 
by immunosurgical isolation of the inner cell mass.

免疫手術でヒト胚性幹細胞の導出

The ability of human embryonic stem cells to self-renew and differentiate into all cell types of 
the body suggests that they hold great promise for both ...

生物学

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Ovarian Cancer using Human Stroma to Promote Metastasis

Ovarian cancer is characterized by early, diffuse metastasis with 70% of women having metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. While elegant transgenic mouse models of ovarian cancer exist, these mice are expensive and take a long time to develop tumors. Intraperitoneal injection xenograft models lack human stroma and do not accurately model ovarian cancer metastasis. Even patient derived xenografts (PDX) do not fully recapitulate the human stromal microenvironment as serial PDX passages demonstrate significant loss of human stroma. The ability to easily model human ovarian cancer within a physiologically relevant stromal microenvironment is an unmet need. Here, the protocol presents an orthotopic ovarian cancer mouse model using human ovarian cancer cells combined with patient-derived carcinoma-associated mesenchymal stem cells (CA-MSCs). CA-MSCs are stromal progenitor cells, which drive the formation of the stromal microenvironment and support ovarian cancer growth and metastasis. This model develops early and diffuses metastasis mimicking clinical presentation. In this model, luciferase expressing ovarian cancer cells are mixed in a 1:1 ratio with CA-MSCs and injected into the ovarian bursa of NSG mice. Tumor growth and metastasis are followed serially over time using bioluminescence imaging. The resulting tumors grow aggressively and form abdominal metastases by 14 days post injection. Mice experienced significant decreases in body weight as a marker of systemic illness and increased disease burden. By day 30 post injection, mice met endpoint criteria of &gt;10% body weight loss and necropsy confirmed intra-abdominal metastasis in 100% of mice and 60%-80% lung and parenchymal liver metastasis. Collectively, orthotopic engraftment of ovarian cancer cells and stroma cells generates tumors that closely mimic the early and diffuse metastatic behavior of human ovarian cancer. Furthermore, this model provides a tool to study the role of ovarian cancer cell: stroma cell interactions in metastatic progression.

Orthotopic engraftment of ovarian cancer cells mixed with human stromal cells provides a mouse model that exhibits rapid, diffuse metastatic behavior that is characteristic of human ovarian cancer. This model also allows for the study of tumor cell and stromal cell interactions, as well as their role in tumor progression and metastasis.

Ovarian cancer is characterized by early, diffuse metastasis with 70% of women having metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. While elegant ...

がん研究

Evaluation of Stem Cell Properties in Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cells Using Multi and Single Cell-based Spheres Assays

Years of research indicates that ovarian cancers harbor a heterogeneous mixture of cells including a subpopulation of so-called &#8220;cancer stem cells&#8221; (CSCs) responsible for tumor initiation, maintenance and relapse following conventional chemotherapies. Identification of ovarian CSCs is therefore an important goal. A commonly used method to assess CSC potential in vitro is the spheres assay in which cells are plated under non-adherent culture conditions in serum-free medium supplemented with growth factors and sphere formation is scored after a few days. Here, we review currently available protocols for human ovarian cancer spheres assays and perform a side-by-side analysis between commonly used multi cell-based assays and a more accurate system based on single cell plating. Our results indicate that both multi cell-based as well as single cell-based spheres assays can be used to investigate sphere formation in vitro. The more laborious and expensive single cell-based assays are more suitable for functional assessment of individual cells and lead to overall more accurate results while multi cell-based assays can be strongly influenced by the density of plated cells and require titration experiments upfront. Methylcellulose supplementation to multi cell-based assays can be effectively used to reduce mechanical artifacts.

In vitro spheres assays are commonly used to identify cancer stem cells. Here we compare single with multi cell-based spheres assays. The more laborious single cell-based assays or methylcellulose supplementation give more accurate results while multi cell-based assays performed in liquid medium can be highly influenced by cell density.

マルチとシングルセルベース球アッセイを用いてヒト卵巣癌細胞における幹細胞特性の評価

Years of research indicates that ovarian cancers harbor a heterogeneous mixture of cells including a subpopulation of so-called &#8220;cancer stem ...

医学

Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells into Oligodendrocyte Precursors

Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. For regenerative cell therapy in demyelinating diseases, there is significant interest in deriving a pure population of lineage-committed oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) for transplantation. OPCs are characterized by the activity of the transcription factor Olig2 and surface expression of a proteoglycan NG2. Using the GFP-Olig2 (G-Olig2) mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) reporter line, we optimized conditions for the differentiation of mESCs into GFP+Olig2+NG2+ OPCs. In our protocol, we first describe the generation of embryoid bodies (EBs) from mESCs. Second, we describe treatment of mESC-derived EBs with small molecules: (1) retinoic acid (RA) and (2) a sonic hedgehog (Shh) agonist purmorphamine (Pur) under defined culture conditions to direct EB differentiation into the oligodendroglial lineage. By this approach, OPCs can be obtained with high efficiency (&gt;80%) in a time period of 30 days. Cells derived from mESCs in this protocol are phenotypically similar to OPCs derived from primary tissue culture. The mESC-derived OPCs do not show the spiking property described for a subpopulation of brain OPCs in situ. To study this electrophysiological property, we describe the generation of spiking mESC-derived OPCs by ectopically expressing NaV1.2 subunit. The spiking and nonspiking cells obtained from this protocol will help advance functional studies on the two subpopulations of OPCs.

We describe a small molecule-based protocol for differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). This protocol generates Olig2+NG2+ OPCs with high efficiency by 30 days of differentiation. We also describe a method to generate "spiking" OPCs that can fire action potentials.

オリゴデンドロサイト前駆体に胚性幹細胞の分化

Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. For regenerative cell therapy in demyelinating diseases, there is significant ...

Derivation of Mouse Trophoblast Stem Cells from Blastocysts

Specification of the trophectoderm is one of the earliest differentiation events of mammalian development. The trophoblast lineage derived from the trophectoderm mediates implantation and generates the fetal part of the placenta. As a result, the development of this lineage is essential for embryo survival. Derivation of trophoblast stem (TS) cells from mouse blastocysts was first described by Tanaka et al. 1998. The ability of TS cells to preserve the trophoblast specific property and their expression of stage- and cell type-specific markers after proper stimulation provides a valuable model system to investigate trophoblast lineage development whereby recapitulating early placentation events. Furthermore, trophoblast cells are one of the few somatic cell types undergoing natural genome amplification. Although the molecular pathways underlying trophoblast polyploidization have begun to unravel, the physiological role and advantage of trophoblast genome amplification remains largely elusive. The development of diploid stem cells into polyploid trophoblast cells in culture makes this ex vivo system an excellent tool for elucidating the regulatory mechanism of genome replication and instability in health and disease. Here we describe a protocol based on previous reports with modification published in Chiu et al. 2008.

In this video, we demonstrate the isolation of mouse blastocysts and the derivation of trophoblast stem cells from blastocysts. We also describe conditions for maintenance of the stem cell property as well as induction of differentiation in culture.

胚盤胞からマウス栄養膜幹細胞の導出

Specification of the trophectoderm is one of the earliest differentiation events of mammalian development. The trophoblast lineage derived from the ...

Differentiation and Characterization of Osteoclasts from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

This protocol details the propagation and passaging of human iPSCs and their differentiation into osteoclasts. First, iPSCs are dissociated into a single-cell suspension for further use in embryoid body induction. Following mesodermal induction, embryoid bodies undergo hematopoietic differentiation, producing a floating hematopoietic cell population. Subsequently, the harvested hematopoietic cells undergo a macrophage colony-stimulating factor maturation step and, finally, osteoclast differentiation. After osteoclast differentiation, osteoclasts are characterized by staining for TRAP in conjunction with a methyl green nuclear stain. Osteoclasts are observed as multinucleated, TRAP+ polykaryons. Their identification can be further supported by Cathepsin K staining. Bone and mineral resorption assays allow for functional characterization, confirming the identity of bona fide osteoclasts. This protocol demonstrates a robust and versatile method to differentiate human osteoclasts from iPSCs and allows for easy adoption in applications requiring large quantities of functional human osteoclasts. Applications in the areas of bone research, cancer research, tissue engineering, and endoprosthesis research could be envisioned.

This protocol presents the differentiation of human osteoclasts from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and describes methods for the characterization of osteoclasts and osteoclast precursors.

ヒト人工多能性幹細胞からの破骨細胞の分化と特性評価

This protocol details the propagation and passaging of human iPSCs and their differentiation into osteoclasts. First, iPSCs are dissociated into a ...

Differentiation of Newborn Mouse Skin Derived Stem Cells into Germ-like Cells In vitro

Studying germ cell formation and differentiation has traditionally been very difficult due to low cell numbers and their location deep within developing embryos. The availability of a "closed" in vitro based system could prove invaluable for our understanding of gametogenesis. The formation of oocyte-like cells (OLCs) from somatic stem cells, isolated from newborn mouse skin, has been demonstrated and can be visualized in this video protocol. The resulting OLCs express various markers consistent with oocytes such as Oct4 , Vasa , Bmp15, and Scp3. However, they remain unable to undergo maturation or fertilization due to a failure to complete meiosis. This protocol will provide a system that is useful for studying the early stage formation and differentiation of germ cells into more mature gametes. During early differentiation the number of cells expressing Oct4 (potential germ-like cells) reaches ~5%, however currently the formation of OLCs remains relatively inefficient. The protocol is relatively straight forward though special care should be taken to ensure the starting cell population is healthy and at an early passage.

Differentiation of Newborn Mouse Skin Derived Stem Cells into Germ-like Cells In vitro

In recent years the formation of germ cells using in vitro culture methods has been demonstrated using several different types of somatic stem cells. This article will visually present the differentiation of newborn mouse derived stem cells to early oocyte-like cells.

生殖様細胞に新生マウス皮膚由来幹細胞の分化<em&gt;インビトロ</em

Studying  germ cell formation and differentiation has traditionally been very difficult  due to low cell numbers and their location deep within developing ...

脂肪組織由来幹細胞の単離と特性評価

Isolation and Identification of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Adipose Tissue of Sprague Dawley Rats

Adult mesenchymal cells have revolutionized molecular and cell biology in recent decades. They can differentiate into different specialized cell types, in addition to their great capacity for self-renewal, migration, and proliferation. Adipose tissue is one of the least invasive and most accessible sources of mesenchymal cells. It has also been reported to have higher yields compared to other sources, as well as superior immunomodulatory properties. Recently, different procedures for obtaining adult mesenchymal cells from different tissue sources and animal species have been published. After evaluating the criteria of some authors, we standardized a methodology that is applicable to different purposes and easily reproducible. A pool of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) from perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue allowed us to develop primary cultures with optimal morphology and functionality. The cells were observed adhered to the plastic surface for 24 h, and exhibited a fibroblast-like morphology, with prolongations and a tendency to form colonies. Flow cytometry (FC) and immunofluorescence (IF) techniques were used to assess the expression of the membrane markers CD105, CD9, CD63, CD31, and CD34. The ability of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) to differentiate into the adipogenic lineage was also assessed using a cocktail of factors (4 &#181;M insulin, 0.5 mM 3-methyl-iso-butyl-xanthine, and 1 &#181;M dexamethasone). After 48 h, a gradual loss of fibroblastoid morphology was observed, and at 12 days, the presence of lipid droplets positive to oil red staining was confirmed. In summary, a procedure is proposed to obtain optimal and functional ASC cultures for application in regenerative medicine.

著者スポットライト:Sprague Dawleyラットの脂肪組織に由来する間葉系幹細胞の単離と同定  

This protocol describes a methodology for isolating and identifying adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from Sprague Dawley rats.

スプレイグドーリーラットの脂肪組織由来間葉系幹細胞の単離と同定

Adult mesenchymal cells have revolutionized molecular and cell biology in recent decades. They can differentiate into different specialized cell types, in ...