저자는 친절 하 게 제공 하는 난소 UNESP FCAV의 개 살 균 프로그램을 인정 합니다. 이 작품은 FAPESP (프로세스 번호 2013/14293-0)와 망 토에서 교부 금에 의해 지원 되었다.

이 실험은 4 개의 잡종 여성 개 개 살 균 프로그램에 선택 수술 후 기증의 난소와 함께 수행 되었다. 이 실험은 UNESP-FCAV (프로토콜 번호 026991/13)의 동물의 사용에 윤리 위원회에 의해 승인 되었다.
1. 실험 준비
<ol><li>준비 하거나 메 마른 Dulbecco 인산 염 버퍼 식 염 수 (DPBS) 칼슘 또는 마그네슘의 500 mL를 구매 합니다.</li>
	<li>준비는 콜라 나 DPBS의 1 mL에 효소의 40 µ g을 혼합 하 여 솔루션을 재고. 0.2 µ m 주사기 필터를 사용 하 여 필터링 하 고 저장 2 mL aliquots-20 ° c.에</li>
	<li>항생제의 1%와 10% 태아 혈 청 Dulbecco의 수정된이 글의 중간 (DMEM) 낮은 혈당에서 배양을 준비 합니다.</li>
	<li>살 균 자료 수집:가 위, 집게, 조직 배양 플라스 크, 요리, 튜브, 그리고 5 mL와 10 mL 펫.</li>
	<li>표준 셀 문화 실험실 장비를 사용 하 여: 생물 안전 캐비닛 (BSC), 5% CO2 와 38 ° C 원심 분리기에서 설정 셀 문화 인큐베이터.</li>
	<li>BSC를 청소: 70% 소독 장갑 낀 손으로 EtOH, UV 빛을 사용 하 여.</li>
</ol>2. 난소에서 중간 엽 줄기 세포의 분리
<ol><li>수술 후, 실험실에서 그들의 도착까지 난소 원뿔 튜브에 얼음에 PBS에 계속.</li>
	<li>PBS의 10 mL로 두 100 mm 페 트리 접시를 채우십시오.</li>
	<li>튜브에서 난소를 제거 하 고 PBS 가진 첫 번째 페 트리 접시에 그들을 전송. 움직임을 혼합 함께 그들을 씻어.</li>
	<li>부드럽게 난소를 검색 하 고 다른 접시에 놓습니다. 멸 균 핀셋과가 위, 아주 작은 조각, 약 1 m m 크기에서에 조직을 말하다.</li>
	<li>난소 조직 35 mm 페 트리 접시에 전송 하 고 콜라의 2 개 mL를 추가. 좀 더 조직을 말하다.</li>
	<li>3 h는 38 ° C에 인큐베이터에서 배양 접시를 놓고 부드럽게 원형 움직임 마다 20 분 페 트리 접시를 흔들.</li>
	<li>3 h 후 인큐베이터에서 배양 접시를 제거 합니다.</li>
	<li>15 mL 튜브에 접시의 내용을 전송 합니다. 확장 미디어의 5 mL를 추가 합니다.</li>
	<li>부드럽게 원심 분리 전에 튜브 반전. 원심에서 2100 x g 7 분 제거 튜브는 상쾌한 고 확장 미디어의 3 mL와 펠 릿을 resuspend.</li>
	<li>T25 병에 펠 릿을 전송 합니다. 5%와 인큐베이터에 병을 배치 3 h 38 ° C에서 CO2 . 참고: 프로시저의 가장 중요 한 부분은 외피의 3 h 후 미디어를 변경 하는.</li>
	<li>인큐베이터에서 병을 제거 하 고 나머지 조직으로 미디어를 제거 합니다. 병에 신선한 확장 미디어의 3 mL를 추가 합니다.</li>
	<li>미디어 모든 48 h 변경 하 고 관찰 셀룰러 합류에 대 한 병. 참고: 절차의 주요 단계는 그림 1에서 볼 수 있습니다.</li>
</ol>3. 난소에서 중간 엽 줄기 세포의 확장
<ol><li>
셀 통로
	<ol>
<li>셀 합류에 도달, 병에서 미디어를 제거 합니다.</li>
		<li>PBS의 3 mL 병을 씻어. PBS를 제거 합니다.</li>
		<li>트립 신 고 3 분에 38 ° C에 인큐베이터에서 병 부드럽게 탭 분리를 셀 수 있도록 병의 1.5 mL를 추가 합니다. 참고: 셀 합류 약 5-7 d 초기 도금 후에 도달 한다.</li>
		<li>확장 미디어의 3 mL를 추가 하 고 내용을 원뿔 튜브에 전송.</li>
		<li>원심에서 2100 x g 7 분 제거 튜브는 상쾌한 고 확장 미디어의 1 mL를 추가 합니다.</li>
		<li>부드럽게 튜브의 내용을 균질.</li>
		<li>세 고 인큐베이터에 다시 세포와 함께 튜브를 넣어 셀을 수행 하기 위해 샘플의 10 µ L의 약 수를 가져가 라.</li>
		<li>hemocytometer로 믹스의 장소 10 µ L.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
셀 계산
	<ol>
<li>현미경의 10 X 목표를 사용 하 고는 hemocytometer의 눈금선에 초점.</li>
		<li>5 개의 작은 사각형 (그림 2)에 있는 셀을 계산 합니다.</li>
		<li>50, 000 밀리 리터 당 셀의 수를 추정 하 여 계산된 수를 곱하면.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>4. 난소에서 중간 엽 줄기 세포의 분화
참고: 차별화 분석 힐 외 에 설치 하는 지침에 따라 수행 했다 9.
<ol><li>잘, 3 중, 4 잘 문화 접시를 사용 하 여 당 씨 1.0 x 104 셀.</li>
	<li>확장 미디어의 1 mL를 추가 합니다.</li>
	<li>부드럽게 원형 움직임으로 접시를 교 반 하십시오.</li>
	<li>24 시간 후 문화 미디어를 바람직한 차별화 미디어 바꿉니다.</li>
	<li>대 한 osteogenic, adipogenic, 및 chondrogenic 분화, 품 어 30 d 유도 미디어 셀, 미디어 교체와 함께 모든 3 디 특정 차별화 키트가 분석이 실험의 각을 위해 사용 되었다.</li>
	<li>Neurogenic 혈통 차별화 유도 미디어 미디어 교체 매 3 d와 함께 10 일에 대 한 셀을 품 어. 여기에서 사용 하는 미디어 DMEM 낮은 포도 당, 2 mM valproic 산, 1 µ M 날린, 10 µ M 산림, 염화 칼륨 5 m m, 5 µ g/mL 인슐린, 그리고 200 µ M 자 hydroxyanisole 포함 되어 있습니다.</li>
	<li>Endoderm 선구자, 5 d 시 약 제조업체의 지침에 따라 endoderm 미디어에서 품 어.</li>
	<li>원시 생식 세포 계보 차별화 유도 미디어 미디어 교체 매 3 d와 14 d 셀을 품 어. 여기에서 사용 하는 미디어 포함 된 DMEM, 10 %FBS, 1mm 나트륨 pyruvate, 10 ng/mL LIF, 1mm 불필요 한 아미노산, 2 m L-글루타민 m, 5 µ g/mL 인슐린, 0.1 m m β-mercaptoethanol, 60 µ M putrescine, 20 µ g/mL 올려진다, 10 ng/mL 마우스 표 피 성장 인자, 인간의 1 ng/mL 기본적인 섬유 아 세포 성장 인자, 40 ng/mL 인 glial 세포 선 파생 된 neurotrophic 요인, 및 15 mg/L 페니실린.</li>
</ol>

<ol>
	<li>Gazit, Z., Pelled, G., Sheyn, D., Kimelman, N., Gazit, D., Atala, A., Lanza, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchymal+stem+cells.">Mesenchymal stem cells.</a> Handbook of Stem Cells (2nd Edition). , 513-527 (2013).</li><li>Zipori, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+nature+of+stem+cells:+state+rather+than+entity.">The nature of stem cells: state rather than entity.</a> Nature Reviews Genetics. 5 (11), 873-878 (2004).</li><li>Auersperg, N., Wong, A. S., Choi, K. C., Kang, S. K., Leung, P. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ovarian+surface+epithelium:+biology,+endocrinology,+and+pathology.">Ovarian surface epithelium: biology, endocrinology, and pathology.</a> Endocrine Reviews. 22 (2), 255-288 (2001).</li><li>Ahmed, N., Thompson, E. W., Quinn, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epithelial-mesenchymal+interconversions+in+normal+ovarian+surface+epithelium+and+ovarian+carcinomas:+an+exception+to+the+norm.">Epithelial-mesenchymal interconversions in normal ovarian surface epithelium and ovarian carcinomas: an exception to the norm.</a> Journal of Cellular Physiology. 213 (3), 581-588 (2007).</li><li>Bukovsky, A., Svetlikova, M., Caudle, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oogenesis+in+cultures+derived+from+adult+human+ovaries.">Oogenesis in cultures derived from adult human ovaries.</a> Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 3 (1), 17 (2005).</li><li>Gong, S. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Embryonic+stem+cell-like+cells+established+by+culture+of+adult+ovarian+cells+in+mice.">Embryonic stem cell-like cells established by culture of adult ovarian cells in mice.</a> Fertility and Sterility. 93 (8), 2594-2601 (2010).</li><li>Johnson, J., Canning, J., Kaneko, T., Pru, J. K., Tilly, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Germline+stem+cells+and+follicular+renewal+in+the+postnatal+mammalian+ovary.">Germline stem cells and follicular renewal in the postnatal mammalian ovary.</a> Nature. 428 (6979), 145 (2004).</li><li>Deans, R. J., Moseley, A. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchymal+stem+cells:+biology+and+potential+clinical+uses.">Mesenchymal stem cells: biology and potential clinical uses.</a> Experimental Hematology. 28 (8), 875-884 (2000).</li><li>Trinda Hill, A. B. T., Therrien, J., Garcia, J. M., Smith, L. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchymal-like+stem+cells+in+canine+ovary+show+high+differentiation+potential.">Mesenchymal-like stem cells in canine ovary show high differentiation potential.</a> Cell Proliferation. 50 (6), 12391 (2017).</li><li>Dominici, M. L. B. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Minimal+criteria+for+defining+multipotent+mesenchymal+stromal+cells.+The+International+Society+for+Cellular+Therapy+position+statement.">Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement.</a> Cytotherapy. 8, 4315-4317 (2006).</li><li>Friedenstein, A. J., Piatetzky-Shapiro, I. I., Petrakova, K. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Osteogenesis+in+transplants+of+bone+marrow+cells.">Osteogenesis in transplants of bone marrow cells.</a> Development. 16 (3), 381-390 (1966).</li><li>Kuznetsov, S. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-colony+derived+strains+of+human+marrow+stromal+fibroblasts+form+bone+after+transplantation+in+vivo.">Single-colony derived strains of human marrow stromal fibroblasts form bone after transplantation in vivo.</a> Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 12 (9), 1335-1347 (1997).</li></ol>

저자는 공개 없다.

여기 증거 MSCs ovariectomy 후 생물 학적 폐기물 이라고 여겨진다 개 난소 조직 으로부터 격리 될 수 있습니다 제공 합니다. 사실은 많은 세포 유형 난소에서 찾을 수 있습니다, 우리 구와 같은 형태와 단층에서 성장 하는 셀을 성공적으로 선택, 플라스틱에 그들의 급속 한 준수에 따라 MSCs를 선택 하는 프로토콜을 제안 했다.
골 수에서 MSCs의 파생의 첫 번째 보고서는 문화<sup class="...

줄기 세포에 초점 년간 과거, 강력한 재생 의학 치료 발견의 집단 목표에 의해 연료 되었습니다 연구 노력을 실질적으로 증가 했다 출판된 연구의 수입니다. 줄기 세포는 두 개의 기본 정의 마커: 자기 혁신과 차별화. 중간 엽 줄기 세포 정기 조직 회전율에 대 한 책임은 고1배아 줄기 세포 비해 분화의 보다 제한 된 용량을가지고. 최근에, 많은 연구 다양 한 MSCs의 그리고 논의 중인 주제는 배아 및 성체 줄기 세포 간의 차이점 모든2에 존재 하는 여부.
Ovarium 표면 상피는 커밋되지 않은 세포의 층, 상대적으로 덜 분화, 두 상피와 중간 엽 마커3, 유지 하는 다른 종류의 세포에 대 한 응답에서으로 분화 하는 능력을 표현 하는 환경 신호4. 줄기 세포는 난소에서의 정확한 위치는 잘 알려진; 그러나, 그것은 bipotential 창시자 tunica albuginea에서 생식 세포5일으키 제안 되었습니다. 이러한 셀 stromal 기원6 또는에 있는 또는 난소 표면7에 인접 면역학 연구 가설 있다. 이후 중간 엽 줄기 세포 세포 접착8에 중요 한 역할을 재생 하는 수많은 수용 체를 표현, 실험 가설을 급속 한 접착을 가진 세포의 인구를 선택 하면 명확 하 게 세포의 인구를 분리 하는 것을 테스트 하도록 설계 되었습니다. 실제로 엽으로 characterizable. 최근, 우리의 그룹 문화의 첫 번째 3 h 문화 접시의 플라스틱 표면에 접착의 급속 한 접착9전시 세포의 순화 된 인구를 얻기 위하여 그들의 용량에 따라 난소 조직에서 MSCs의 파생을 했다. 여기는 난소 조직 으로부터 간 엽 줄기 세포 분리를 위한 개발된 방법에 설명합니다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>DPBS&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Thermo Fisher</td><td>14190144</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Collagenase I</td><td>Thermo Fisher</td><td>17100017</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tissue flask</td><td>Corning</td><td>CLS3056</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DMEM low glucose</td><td>Thermo Fisher</td><td>11054020</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FBS</td><td>Thermo Fisher</td><td>12484-010</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>TrypLE express</td><td>Thermo Fisher</td><td>12604021</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>StemPro Adipogenesis Differentiation Kit</td><td>Thermo Fisher</td><td>A1007001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>StemPro Chondrogenesis Differentiation Kit</td><td>Thermo Fisher</td><td>A1007101</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>StemPro Osteogenesis Differentiation Kit</td><td>Thermo Fisher</td><td>A1007201</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>STEMdiff Definitive Endoderm Kit</td><td>StemCell</td><td>5110</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Penicillin-Streptomycin</td><td>Thermo Fisher</td><td>15070063</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CD45</td><td>AbD Serotec</td><td>MCA 2035S</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CD34</td><td>AbD Serotec</td><td>MCA 2411GA</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CD90</td><td>AbD Serotec</td><td>MCA 1036G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CD44</td><td>AbD Serotec</td><td>MCA 1041</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nestin</td><td>Milipore</td><td>MAB353</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&amp;beta;-Tubulin&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Milipore</td><td>MAB1637</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DDX4</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>PA5 -23378</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>IgG- FITC</td><td>AbD Serotec</td><td>STAR80F</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>IgG- FITC</td><td>AbD Serotec</td><td>STAR120F</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

derivation and differentiation of canine ovarian mesenchymal stem cells

중간 엽 줄기 세포 (MSCs)에 대 한 관심은 절연, 확장, 및 문화의 그들의 용이성으로 인해 지난 10 년간 증가 했다. 최근에, 연구는 이러한 세포 넓은 차별화 용량을 증명 하고있다. MSCs에서 풍부 하 고 생물학 낭비로 ovariectomy 수술 후 자주 취소 됩니다는 사실 때문 난소 세포 기반 치료를 위한 유망한 후보자를 나타냅니다. 이 문서에서는 격리, 확장에 대 한 절차를 설명 합니다 및 MSCs의 세포 분류의 필요성 없이 개 난소에서 파생 된 기술. 이 프로토콜은 임상 시험에서이 매우 구별할 세포의 광범위 한 적용으로 인해 재생 의학에 대 한 중요 한 도구 나타내고 치료 사용.

송곳 니 난소에서 중간 엽 줄기 세포 분리:
난소 MSC 격리 절차는 그림 1에 요약 됩니다. 수술, 조직 닦지, 콜라 소화, 그리고 미디어 변화는 문화의 시작 후 3 h, 후 빠른 플라스틱 접착제 속성 상 상속 MSC 인구는 성공적으로 개 난소 조직 으로부터 격리. 빠르게 수확된 셀 문화 접시?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Derivation and Differentiation of Canine Ovarian Mesenchymal Stem Cells at JoVE.com

Derivation and Differentiation of Canine Ovarian Mesenchymal Stem Cells

여기, 우리가 격리, 확장, 및 개 난소 조직 으로부터 간 엽 줄기 세포의 분화 하는 방법을 설명합니다.

파생 및 개 난소 중간 엽 줄기 세포의 분화

Interest in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has increased over the past decade due to their ease of isolation, expansion, and culture. Recently, studies ...

이 절차의 전반적인 목표는 개 난소 조직에서 파생 된 중간 엽 줄기를 분리, 확장 및 차별화하는 것입니다. 이 실험은 개 살균 프로그램에서 선택 수술 후 기증 된 4 개의 mongrel 암컷 개난소와 함께 수행되었습니다. 이 실험은 상파울루 주립 대학, FVAC의 동물의 사용에 윤리위원회에 의해 승인되었다.대표적인 결과. 토론.결론.

derivation-differentiation-canine-ovarian-mesenchymal-stem

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

5.6K 조회수.  São Paulo State University (UNESP). 이 절차의 전반적인 목표는 개 난소 조직에서 파생 된 중간 엽 줄기를 분리, 확장 및 차별화하는 것입니다. 이 실험은 개 살균 프로그램에서 선택 수술 후 기증 된 4 개의 mongrel 암컷 개난소와 함께 수행되었습니다. 이 실험은 상파울루 주립 대학, FVAC의 동물의 사용에 윤리위원회에 의해 승인되었다.대표적인 결과. 토론.결론.

비디오: Derivation and Differentiation of Canine Ovarian Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Derivation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells from Embryonic Stem Cells

Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have the capacity to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells (SMC), and endothelial cells and hold great promise in cell therapy against heart disease. Among various methods to isolate CPCs, differentiation of embryonic stem cell (ESC) into CPCs attracts great attention in the field since ESCs can provide unlimited cell source. As a result, numerous strategies have been developed to derive CPCs from ESCs. In this protocol, differentiation and purification of embryonic CPCs from both mouse and human ESCs is described. Due to the difficulty of using cell surface markers to isolate embryonic CPCs, ESCs are engineered with fluorescent reporters activated by CPC-specific cre recombinase expression. Thus, CPCs can be enriched by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). This protocol illustrates procedures to form embryoid bodies (EBs) from ESCs for CPC specification and enrichment. The isolated CPCs can be subsequently cultured for cardiac lineage differentiation and other biological assays. This protocol is optimized for robust and efficient derivation of CPCs from both mouse and human ESCs.

In this protocol, derivation of cardiac progenitor cells from both mouse and human embryonic stem cells will be illustrated. A major strategy in this protocol is to enrich cardiac progenitor cells with flow cytometry using fluorescent reporters engineered into the embryonic stem cell lines.

배아 줄기 세포에서 심장 전구 세포의 유도

Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have the capacity to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells (SMC), and endothelial cells and hold great ...

연구

발생학

An Enzymatic Method to Rescue Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Clotted Bone Marrow Samples

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) - usually obtained from bone marrow - often require expansion culture. Our protocol uses clinical grade urokinase to degrade clots in the bone marrow and release MSCs for further use. This protocol provides a rapid and inexpensive alternative to bone marrow resampling. Bone marrow is a major source of MSCs, which are interesting for tissue engineering and autologous stem cell therapies. Upon withdrawal bone marrow may clot, as it comprises all of the hematopoietic system. The resulting clots contain also MSCs that are lost for expansion culture or direct stem cell therapy. We experienced that 74% of canine bone marrow samples contained clots and yielded less than half of the stem cell number expected from unclotted samples. Thus, we developed a protocol for enzymatic digestion of those clots to avoid labor-intense and costly bone marrow resampling. Urokinase - a clinically approved and readily available thrombolytic drug &#8211; clears away the bone marrow clots almost completely. As a consequence, treated bone marrow aspirates yield similar numbers of MSCs as unclotted samples. Also, after urokinase treatment the cells kept their metabolic activity and the ability to differentiate into chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. Our protocol salvages clotted blood and bone marrow samples without affecting the quality of the cells. This obsoletes resampling, considerably reduces sampling costs and enables the use of clotted samples for research or therapy.

Mesenchymal stem cells are usually obtained from bone marrow and require expansion culture. When samples clot before processing, a protocol using the (enzymatic) thrombolytic drug urokinase can be applied to degrade the clot. Thus, cells are released and available for expansion culture. This protocol provides a rapid and inexpensive alternative to resampling.

효소 방법은 응고 골수 샘플에서 중간 엽 줄기 세포를 구출

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) - usually obtained from bone marrow - often require expansion culture. Our protocol uses clinical grade urokinase to degrade ...

Derivation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Immunosurgery

The ability of human embryonic stem cells to self-renew and differentiate into all cell types of 
the body suggests that they hold great promise for both medical applications and as a research 
tool for addressing fundamental questions in development and disease. Here, we provide a 
concise, step-by-step protocol for the derivation of human embryonic stem cells from embryos 
by immunosurgical isolation of the inner cell mass. 


The ability of human embryonic stem cells to self-renew and differentiate into all cell types of 
the body suggests that they hold great promise for both medical applications and as a research 
tool for addressing fundamental questions in development and disease. Here, we provide a 
concise, step-by-step protocol for the derivation of human embryonic stem cells from embryos 
by immunosurgical isolation of the inner cell mass.

Immunosurgery에 의해 인간 배아 줄기 세포의 유도

The ability of human embryonic stem cells to self-renew and differentiate into all cell types of 
the body suggests that they hold great promise for both ...

생물학

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Ovarian Cancer using Human Stroma to Promote Metastasis

Ovarian cancer is characterized by early, diffuse metastasis with 70% of women having metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. While elegant transgenic mouse models of ovarian cancer exist, these mice are expensive and take a long time to develop tumors. Intraperitoneal injection xenograft models lack human stroma and do not accurately model ovarian cancer metastasis. Even patient derived xenografts (PDX) do not fully recapitulate the human stromal microenvironment as serial PDX passages demonstrate significant loss of human stroma. The ability to easily model human ovarian cancer within a physiologically relevant stromal microenvironment is an unmet need. Here, the protocol presents an orthotopic ovarian cancer mouse model using human ovarian cancer cells combined with patient-derived carcinoma-associated mesenchymal stem cells (CA-MSCs). CA-MSCs are stromal progenitor cells, which drive the formation of the stromal microenvironment and support ovarian cancer growth and metastasis. This model develops early and diffuses metastasis mimicking clinical presentation. In this model, luciferase expressing ovarian cancer cells are mixed in a 1:1 ratio with CA-MSCs and injected into the ovarian bursa of NSG mice. Tumor growth and metastasis are followed serially over time using bioluminescence imaging. The resulting tumors grow aggressively and form abdominal metastases by 14 days post injection. Mice experienced significant decreases in body weight as a marker of systemic illness and increased disease burden. By day 30 post injection, mice met endpoint criteria of &gt;10% body weight loss and necropsy confirmed intra-abdominal metastasis in 100% of mice and 60%-80% lung and parenchymal liver metastasis. Collectively, orthotopic engraftment of ovarian cancer cells and stroma cells generates tumors that closely mimic the early and diffuse metastatic behavior of human ovarian cancer. Furthermore, this model provides a tool to study the role of ovarian cancer cell: stroma cell interactions in metastatic progression.

Orthotopic engraftment of ovarian cancer cells mixed with human stromal cells provides a mouse model that exhibits rapid, diffuse metastatic behavior that is characteristic of human ovarian cancer. This model also allows for the study of tumor cell and stromal cell interactions, as well as their role in tumor progression and metastasis.

Ovarian cancer is characterized by early, diffuse metastasis with 70% of women having metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. While elegant ...

암 연구학

Evaluation of Stem Cell Properties in Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cells Using Multi and Single Cell-based Spheres Assays

Years of research indicates that ovarian cancers harbor a heterogeneous mixture of cells including a subpopulation of so-called &#8220;cancer stem cells&#8221; (CSCs) responsible for tumor initiation, maintenance and relapse following conventional chemotherapies. Identification of ovarian CSCs is therefore an important goal. A commonly used method to assess CSC potential in vitro is the spheres assay in which cells are plated under non-adherent culture conditions in serum-free medium supplemented with growth factors and sphere formation is scored after a few days. Here, we review currently available protocols for human ovarian cancer spheres assays and perform a side-by-side analysis between commonly used multi cell-based assays and a more accurate system based on single cell plating. Our results indicate that both multi cell-based as well as single cell-based spheres assays can be used to investigate sphere formation in vitro. The more laborious and expensive single cell-based assays are more suitable for functional assessment of individual cells and lead to overall more accurate results while multi cell-based assays can be strongly influenced by the density of plated cells and require titration experiments upfront. Methylcellulose supplementation to multi cell-based assays can be effectively used to reduce mechanical artifacts.

In vitro spheres assays are commonly used to identify cancer stem cells. Here we compare single with multi cell-based spheres assays. The more laborious single cell-based assays or methylcellulose supplementation give more accurate results while multi cell-based assays performed in liquid medium can be highly influenced by cell density.

다중 및 단일 세포 기반 분야 분석 실험을 사용하여 인간의 난소 암 세포의 줄기 세포 특성의 평가

Years of research indicates that ovarian cancers harbor a heterogeneous mixture of cells including a subpopulation of so-called &#8220;cancer stem ...

의학

Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells into Oligodendrocyte Precursors

Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. For regenerative cell therapy in demyelinating diseases, there is significant interest in deriving a pure population of lineage-committed oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) for transplantation. OPCs are characterized by the activity of the transcription factor Olig2 and surface expression of a proteoglycan NG2. Using the GFP-Olig2 (G-Olig2) mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) reporter line, we optimized conditions for the differentiation of mESCs into GFP+Olig2+NG2+ OPCs. In our protocol, we first describe the generation of embryoid bodies (EBs) from mESCs. Second, we describe treatment of mESC-derived EBs with small molecules: (1) retinoic acid (RA) and (2) a sonic hedgehog (Shh) agonist purmorphamine (Pur) under defined culture conditions to direct EB differentiation into the oligodendroglial lineage. By this approach, OPCs can be obtained with high efficiency (&gt;80%) in a time period of 30 days. Cells derived from mESCs in this protocol are phenotypically similar to OPCs derived from primary tissue culture. The mESC-derived OPCs do not show the spiking property described for a subpopulation of brain OPCs in situ. To study this electrophysiological property, we describe the generation of spiking mESC-derived OPCs by ectopically expressing NaV1.2 subunit. The spiking and nonspiking cells obtained from this protocol will help advance functional studies on the two subpopulations of OPCs.

We describe a small molecule-based protocol for differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). This protocol generates Olig2+NG2+ OPCs with high efficiency by 30 days of differentiation. We also describe a method to generate "spiking" OPCs that can fire action potentials.

Oligodendrocyte 엽 성의 전구 물질로 배아 줄기 세포의 분화

Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. For regenerative cell therapy in demyelinating diseases, there is significant ...

Derivation of Mouse Trophoblast Stem Cells from Blastocysts

Specification of the trophectoderm is one of the earliest differentiation events of mammalian development. The trophoblast lineage derived from the trophectoderm mediates implantation and generates the fetal part of the placenta. As a result, the development of this lineage is essential for embryo survival. Derivation of trophoblast stem (TS) cells from mouse blastocysts was first described by Tanaka et al. 1998. The ability of TS cells to preserve the trophoblast specific property and their expression of stage- and cell type-specific markers after proper stimulation provides a valuable model system to investigate trophoblast lineage development whereby recapitulating early placentation events. Furthermore, trophoblast cells are one of the few somatic cell types undergoing natural genome amplification. Although the molecular pathways underlying trophoblast polyploidization have begun to unravel, the physiological role and advantage of trophoblast genome amplification remains largely elusive. The development of diploid stem cells into polyploid trophoblast cells in culture makes this ex vivo system an excellent tool for elucidating the regulatory mechanism of genome replication and instability in health and disease. Here we describe a protocol based on previous reports with modification published in Chiu et al. 2008.

In this video, we demonstrate the isolation of mouse blastocysts and the derivation of trophoblast stem cells from blastocysts. We also describe conditions for maintenance of the stem cell property as well as induction of differentiation in culture.

Blastocysts에서 마우스 Trophoblast의 줄기 세포의 유도

Specification of the trophectoderm is one of the earliest differentiation events of mammalian development. The trophoblast lineage derived from the ...

Differentiation and Characterization of Osteoclasts from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

This protocol details the propagation and passaging of human iPSCs and their differentiation into osteoclasts. First, iPSCs are dissociated into a single-cell suspension for further use in embryoid body induction. Following mesodermal induction, embryoid bodies undergo hematopoietic differentiation, producing a floating hematopoietic cell population. Subsequently, the harvested hematopoietic cells undergo a macrophage colony-stimulating factor maturation step and, finally, osteoclast differentiation. After osteoclast differentiation, osteoclasts are characterized by staining for TRAP in conjunction with a methyl green nuclear stain. Osteoclasts are observed as multinucleated, TRAP+ polykaryons. Their identification can be further supported by Cathepsin K staining. Bone and mineral resorption assays allow for functional characterization, confirming the identity of bona fide osteoclasts. This protocol demonstrates a robust and versatile method to differentiate human osteoclasts from iPSCs and allows for easy adoption in applications requiring large quantities of functional human osteoclasts. Applications in the areas of bone research, cancer research, tissue engineering, and endoprosthesis research could be envisioned.

This protocol presents the differentiation of human osteoclasts from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and describes methods for the characterization of osteoclasts and osteoclast precursors.

인간 유도 만능 줄기 세포에서 파골세포의 분화 및 특성화

This protocol details the propagation and passaging of human iPSCs and their differentiation into osteoclasts. First, iPSCs are dissociated into a ...

Differentiation of Newborn Mouse Skin Derived Stem Cells into Germ-like Cells In vitro

Studying germ cell formation and differentiation has traditionally been very difficult due to low cell numbers and their location deep within developing embryos. The availability of a "closed" in vitro based system could prove invaluable for our understanding of gametogenesis. The formation of oocyte-like cells (OLCs) from somatic stem cells, isolated from newborn mouse skin, has been demonstrated and can be visualized in this video protocol. The resulting OLCs express various markers consistent with oocytes such as Oct4 , Vasa , Bmp15, and Scp3. However, they remain unable to undergo maturation or fertilization due to a failure to complete meiosis. This protocol will provide a system that is useful for studying the early stage formation and differentiation of germ cells into more mature gametes. During early differentiation the number of cells expressing Oct4 (potential germ-like cells) reaches ~5%, however currently the formation of OLCs remains relatively inefficient. The protocol is relatively straight forward though special care should be taken to ensure the starting cell population is healthy and at an early passage.

Differentiation of Newborn Mouse Skin Derived Stem Cells into Germ-like Cells In vitro

In recent years the formation of germ cells using in vitro culture methods has been demonstrated using several different types of somatic stem cells. This article will visually present the differentiation of newborn mouse derived stem cells to early oocyte-like cells.

세균과 같은 세포로 신생아 마우스 피부 유래 줄기 세포의 분화<em&gt; 체외</em

Studying  germ cell formation and differentiation has traditionally been very difficult  due to low cell numbers and their location deep within developing ...

지방 조직 유래 줄기세포 분리 및 특성 분석

Isolation and Identification of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Adipose Tissue of Sprague Dawley Rats

Adult mesenchymal cells have revolutionized molecular and cell biology in recent decades. They can differentiate into different specialized cell types, in addition to their great capacity for self-renewal, migration, and proliferation. Adipose tissue is one of the least invasive and most accessible sources of mesenchymal cells. It has also been reported to have higher yields compared to other sources, as well as superior immunomodulatory properties. Recently, different procedures for obtaining adult mesenchymal cells from different tissue sources and animal species have been published. After evaluating the criteria of some authors, we standardized a methodology that is applicable to different purposes and easily reproducible. A pool of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) from perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue allowed us to develop primary cultures with optimal morphology and functionality. The cells were observed adhered to the plastic surface for 24 h, and exhibited a fibroblast-like morphology, with prolongations and a tendency to form colonies. Flow cytometry (FC) and immunofluorescence (IF) techniques were used to assess the expression of the membrane markers CD105, CD9, CD63, CD31, and CD34. The ability of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) to differentiate into the adipogenic lineage was also assessed using a cocktail of factors (4 &#181;M insulin, 0.5 mM 3-methyl-iso-butyl-xanthine, and 1 &#181;M dexamethasone). After 48 h, a gradual loss of fibroblastoid morphology was observed, and at 12 days, the presence of lipid droplets positive to oil red staining was confirmed. In summary, a procedure is proposed to obtain optimal and functional ASC cultures for application in regenerative medicine.

저자 스포트라이트: Sprague Dawley Rats의 지방 조직에서 유래한 중간엽 줄기 세포의 분리 및 식별  

This protocol describes a methodology for isolating and identifying adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from Sprague Dawley rats.

Sprague Dawley 쥐의 지방 조직에서 유래한 중간엽 줄기 세포의 분리 및 식별

Adult mesenchymal cells have revolutionized molecular and cell biology in recent decades. They can differentiate into different specialized cell types, in ...