Core - Civil Engineering

Chapter 5

Aggregates and Water

5.1 : Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change

5.1 : Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change

Consider a lightweight aggregate with a porous structure. Water entering these pores expands in volume upon freezing, generating hydraulic pressure within ...

5.2 : Deleterious Substances in Aggregate

5.2 : Deleterious Substances in Aggregate

Natural sand may contain organic impurities, such as decayed vegetative matter, which interfere with the hydration of cement. A colorimetric test is ...

5.3 : Sieve Analysis and Grading Curves

5.3 : Sieve Analysis and Grading Curves

Sieve analysis of aggregates is carried out using a set of sieves stacked in descending order of their aperture size from top to bottom. The sizes ...

5.4 : Fineness Modulus

5.4 : Fineness Modulus

Consider a sample of fine aggregates being sieved through a standard set of sieves. Note the weight of aggregates retained on each sieve. Calculate the ...

5.5 : Types of Aggregate Grading

5.5 : Types of Aggregate Grading

Aggregate grading signifies the particle size distribution within a sample of aggregate. Well-graded aggregates contain all the required aggregate size ...

5.6 : Maximum Size of Aggregate

5.6 : Maximum Size of Aggregate

Conventionally, the maximum aggregate size is determined by the sieve size that retains at least 15 percent of the particles in a sample set. As the ...

5.7 : Quality of Water

5.7 : Quality of Water

Water added to concrete aids in the hydration of cement, contributing to the strength and durability of concrete. Generally, potable water, if available, ...

5.8 : Testing Water Quality

5.8 : Testing Water Quality

If the quality of water available for preparing concrete is uncertain, its suitability is determined by comparing the setting time of cement and the ...

5.9 : Aggregates Classification

5.9 : Aggregates Classification

Aggregates constitute nearly three-quarters of the total volume of concrete and are classified based on their size, source, composition, and weight. Based ...

5.10 : Shape and Texture of Coarse Aggregate

5.10 : Shape and Texture of Coarse Aggregate

The shape of the coarse aggregate is defined by two characteristics: roundness, which indicates the sharpness or angularity of its edges and corners, and ...

5.11 : Bonding and Strength of Aggregate

5.11 : Bonding and Strength of Aggregate

The strength of a concrete mix made of rough and angular aggregates is higher than that of smooth and rounded aggregates. This is because a rough surface ...

5.12 : Toughness and Hardness of Aggregate

5.12 : Toughness and Hardness of Aggregate

To ensure the durability of a concrete airport runway, the aggregates within the concrete require sufficient toughness to withstand impact forces and ...

5.13 : Specific Gravity of Aggregate

5.13 : Specific Gravity of Aggregate

The specific gravity of aggregate is the ratio of the density of aggregates to the density of distilled water at a given temperature. The density of ...

5.14 : Bulk Density of Aggregate

5.14 : Bulk Density of Aggregate

The bulk density of aggregates indicates the mass of aggregates within a unit volume, including the void spaces existing among them. It is generally ...

5.15 : Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate

5.15 : Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate

The porosity of aggregate refers to the volume of pores in the aggregate. These pores vary in size and are either enclosed within the aggregate or ...

5.16 : Moisture Content and Bulking of Aggregate

5.16 : Moisture Content and Bulking of Aggregate

The moisture content of the aggregate is the excess water present on the surface of the aggregate that exists in a saturated and surface-dry state. It is ...

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