5.12 : 작용적 조건화에서 조형의 역할

Shaping is a method in operant conditioning where successive approximations of a target behavior are rewarded.

For instance, an individual learns to write a research paper by receiving feedback for drafting an outline, developing sections, and finally completing the entire paper.

Behaviors are broken into small, achievable steps, each progressively reinforced.

Initially, any response resembling the desired behavior is reinforced; for example, the individual is appreciated for creating a basic outline of the research paper.

Next, new responses that more closely resemble the desired behavior are reinforced, gradually developing more detailed sections of the paper until the entire paper is well-developed.

Finally, only the exact desired behavior, such as completing the entire research paper, is reinforced.

Additionally, stimulus discrimination ensures only the correct behavior is reinforced. For example, supervisors should provide positive feedback only for well-organized and relevant sections, not just for any written content, ensuring precise behavior is learned.