JoVE 비디오를 활용하시려면 도서관을 통한 기관 구독이 필요합니다. 전체 비디오를 보시려면 로그인하거나 무료 트라이얼을 시작하세요.
Method Article
This protocol describes the development of two IgG class monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) strongly reactive to myoglobin of cetaceans. These mAbs are applied on a colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip based on the sandwich format to differentiate the Mb of cetaceans from seal and other animals.
This protocol describes the development of a colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip based on the sandwich format that can be used to differentiate the myoglobin (Mb) of cetaceans from that of seals and other animals. The strip provides rapid and on-the-spot screening for cetacean meat, thereby restraining its illegal trade and consumption. Two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with reactivity toward the Mb of cetaceans were developed. The amino acid sequences of Mb antigenic reactive regions from various animals were analyzed in order to design two synthetic peptides (a general peptide and a specific peptide) and thereafter raise the mAbs (subclass IgG1). The mAbs were selected from hybridomas screened by indirect ELISA, western blot and dot blot. CGF5H9 was specific to the Mbs of rabbits, dogs, pigs, cows, goats, and cetaceans while it showed weak to no affinity to the Mbs of chickens, tuna and seals. CSF1H13 can bind seals and cetaceans with strong affinity but showed no affinity to other animals. Cetacean samples from four families (Balaenopteridae, Delphinidae, Phocoenidae and Kogiidae) were used in this study, and the results indicated that these two mAbs have broad binding ability to Mbs from different cetaceans. These mAbs were applied on a sandwich-type colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip. CGF5H9, which recognizes many species, was colloid gold-labeled and used as the detection antibody. CSF1H13, which was coated on the test zone, detected the presence of cetacean and seal Mbs. Muscle samples from tuna, chicken, seal, five species of terrestrial mammals and 15 species of cetaceans were tested in triplicate. All cetacean samples showed positive results and all the other samples showed negative results.
Historically, cetacean meat has been consumed in many parts of the world and this consumption continues today1. Due to the trophic level of cetaceans, high levels of mercury and other toxins are known to be present in their meat2. Therefore, the consumption of cetacean meat could lead to a health problem not only for high-risk groups such as pregnant women but also for the general population3. Furthermore, the contamination of cetacean meat with zoonotic or potentially zoonotic pathogens can also occur during its processing and storage4. It is difficult even for experienced agents to identify cetacean meats by their appearance alone. Therefore, a reliable scientific method of identification is required to differentiate cetacean meat from other meats. This would help to limit the consumption of cetacean meat.
Current methods of species identification include molecular techniques and immunological methods. Molecular techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing, can be used to identify samples not only from raw meat5 and decomposed samples6 but also from processed foods such as cooked sausage and feedstuffs7,8. Immunological methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), are commonly applied in food production to detect the meat content of, for example, pork9, beef10 and catfish11. PCR-based DNA analysis for the identification of cetacean meat is available12, and has helped prevent the illegal international trade of cetacean meat in Japan, South Korea, the Philippines, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Russia, Norway, and the United States1. These methods are effective and reliable, but they can take hours or days to complete and involve laborious steps. The identification of cetacean meats is usually based on molecular techniques and there is currently no immunological method available. For regulatory agencies, it is highly desirable to develop a dependable and rapid technique that can be used in the field to identify cetacean meats.
Immunochromatographic strips are used as detection tools with the advantage of producing rapid result via a simple protocol that is suitable for use in the field. The principles of the immunochromatographic strip and ELISA are very similar, and includes antibodies, antigens and labels. Many different labels such as colloidal gold, carbon and latex have been used in the development of immunochromatographic strips. At present, this method is commonly used for detecting antibiotics, toxin, bacteria and viruses13, but it is rarely used for identifying proteins in meat14,15. Here we propose a lateral-flow chromatographic enzyme immunoassay for rapid detection of cetacean myoglobin (Mb).
윤리 정책 : 연구는 국립 자이 대학, 승인 ID의 기관 동물 관리 및 사용위원회 (IACUC)에 의해 국제 가이드 라인에 따라 수행 및 승인 된 다음 고래류 샘플 사용은 대만 농업위원회 (연구 허가에 의해 허용 된 99022. 100M-02.1-C-99).
1. 근육 샘플 준비 및 SDS-PAGE
참고 : 해양 포유류 16 종, 육상 포유류 5 종을 포함한 23 종에서 근육 샘플, 참치와 닭이 연구 (표 1)에 사용되었다. 고래류 근육 샘플은 좌초 개인, 어업 잡어 및 몰수로부터 얻었다. 토끼, 쥐, 개, 닭 근육 조직은 국립 자이 대학의 동물 질병 진단 센터에서 얻었다. 쇠고기, 돼지 고기, 양고기, 참치의 샘플은 로컬 슈퍼마켓에서 구입 하였다. 항구 인감 (Phoca vitulina는의 근육 샘플 ) Farglory 오션 파크 (Ocean Park)에 의해 제공되었다. 나트륨 도데 실 설페이트 폴리 아크릴 아미드 겔 전기 영동 (SDS-PAGE)은 근육 시료 상이한 분자량 수용성 단백질을 분리하는데 사용되었다.
2. 펩타이드 합성 및 단일 클론 항체 생산
3. 서양 얼룩
4. 도트 오
5. 간접 ELISA
콜로이드 골드 표지 단클론 항체 6. 준비
주 : 금 콜로이드 용액을 첨가하고, 혼합물의 색이 항상 적색한다. 검은 침전물이 발견 될 때 pH를, 단클론 항체의 농도, 원심 분리 속도를 조정합니다. 6.1 단계 6.2는 최적화 단계입니다.
면역 스트립 7. 건설
참고도 1은 면역 스트립 디자인을 보여준다. 준비하고 <(1 년) 장기 저장 수명 (20 % 상대 습도가 낮은 습도 실험실 환경 조건에서 스트립)> 조립한다. 패드와 멤브레인의 치수는 다음과 같습니다 콘쥬 게이트 패드 300mm X 10mm, 흡수 패드는 300mm X 24mm, 샘플 패드 300mm X 24mm가, NC 막 300mm X 25mm가, 300 판지mm 80 mm를 X.
제 교차 반응성 시험
단일 클론 항체 특성
우리는 고래류 메가의 각각 두 개의 합성 펩티드 (MKASEDLKKHGNTVLC 및 AIIHVLHSRHPAEFGC를) 인식이 IgG를 1 단클론 항체 (CGF5H9 및 CSF1H13)을 개발,이는 고래류 메가의 신속한 검출을위한 샌드위치 형 콜로이드 금 면역 크로마토 그래피 테스트 스트립을 구성하는 데 사용되었다. 그림 2는 CGF5H9은 대략 17 kDa의의 예측 분자량에서 하나의...
캐리어 단백질에 접합 된 합성 펩티드를 사용하여 동종 단백질에 비해 현저하게 더욱 효과적이다. 단클론 항체는 공지 된 상대 위치와 항원을 사용하여 개발되어 있기 때문에 샌드위치 기반 기술의 경우, 본 연구에서 두 개의 단클론 항체는 표적 항원 에피토프와의 상호 작용을 방해 할 가능성이 없다. 또한, 천연 단백질, 합성 펩티드 복합체로 면역화 된 쥐의 항체의 반응성은 천연 단백질 및 천?...
The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.
We appreciate the colleagues in Taiwan Cetacean Society, Marine Biology and Cetacean Research Center of National Cheng Kung Univerisy, Farglory Ocean Park, and Animal Disease Diagnostic Center of National Chiayi Universiy for sample collection. This project was funded by grant to WCY from the Council of Agriculture of Taiwan (100AS-02.1-FB99).
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
Phosphate buffered saline | AMRESCO | J373 | |
Protein G HP SpinTrap | GE Healthcare | 28-9031-34 | spin column containing Protein G Sepharose |
IsoStrip Mouse Monoclonal Antibody Isotyping Kit | Roche | 11493027001 | Isotyping Strips, precoated with subclass- and light-chain-specific anti-mouse-Ig antibodies |
Mini Trans-Blot | Bio-Rad | 170-3935 | |
Nitrocellulose membrane | Whatman | Z613630 | |
Antibody blocker solution | LTK BioLaboratories | To minimize nonspecific binding interactions of nonspecific IgG in the samples | |
BCIP/NBT phosphatase substrate | KPL | 50-81-00 | |
Protein Detector HRP Microwell Kit, Anti-Mouse | KPL | 54-62-18 | |
Nunc Immunoplate MaxiSorp ELISA plate | Thermo Fisher Scientific | EW-01928-08 | |
Multiskan EX ELISA reader | Thermo Electron Corporation | 51118170 | |
Colloid gold (40 nm) solution | REGA biotechnology Inc. | 40-50 nm is appropriate for immunostrip | |
Bovine serum albumin | Gibco | 15561-020 | |
Rapid test immno-strip printer | REGA biotechnology Inc. | AGISMART RP-1000 | Only suited for small scale production of immunostrips for research and development purposes |
Strip components (NC membranes, sample pads (#33 glass, S&S), conjugate pads (#16S, S&S) and absorbent pads (CF6, Whatman)) | REGA biotechnology Inc. | ||
Freund’s adjuvant and incomplete Freund’s adjuvant | Sigma-Aldrich | F5881, F5506 | Used to produce water-in-oil emulsions of immunogens |
Acrylamide, gel buffer, ammonium persulfate (APS), tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) | Protech | Gel preparation for SDS-PAGE | |
Coomassie brilliant blue R-250 | Bio-Rad | 1610436 | Protein staining in SDS-PAGE gels |
Laemmli sample buffer and β-mercaptoethanol | Bio-Rad | 1610737, 1610710 | Dilute protein samples before loading on SDS-PAGE gels |
JoVE'article의 텍스트 или 그림을 다시 사용하시려면 허가 살펴보기
허가 살펴보기This article has been published
Video Coming Soon
Copyright © 2025 MyJoVE Corporation. 판권 소유