저자는 기술 상담을위한 박사 아나 Cotrim과 장비 Murshed 박사 Monzur에게 감사하고 있습니다. 이 작품은 부분적으로 건강 연구에 대한 캐나다의 연구소에 의해 투자되었다.

1. 절차 설명 <ol><li> Subcutaneously 혼합의 움직임을 방해에서 타액 분비물을 방지하기 위해 각각의 마우스에 1 μl / 0.5 MG / ML 황산 아트로 핀 일수화물의 g 체중을 (CAT # 11330, Fluka, 미국) 주사. </li><li> 100 MG / ML 케타민을 20 MG / ML xylazine (피닉스 과학, AR, 미국) 솔루션의 1g / μl 체중 각 마우스를 마취 주입 내부 복막 (IP) </li><li> 복부 위치에서 사용자 지정 만든 플라스틱 플랫폼에서 마우스를 장소 : 상악 incisors는 금속 와이어에 잠겨 있으며, mandibular incisors가 입을 잡고하기 위해 탄성 문자열에 매혹됩니다. </li><li> 0.58 mm 직경의 폴리에틸렌 튜브 (; 그림 2 고양이 # 427410, 백톤 디킨슨, MD, 미국) 안에 29 게이지 바늘 (CAT # 600145, 타이코 의료, MA, 미국)과 인슐린 주사기를 사용합니다. 폴리에틸렌 관은 29 게이지 바늘 끝 위에 5mm 삽입됩니다. 바늘은 와튼의 덕트에 폴리에틸렌 튜브를 이동하는 단단한 가이드로 사용됩니다. 폴리에틸렌 관은 덕트 내부 3-5mm를 삽입됩니다. 바늘이 덕트 외부 남아있는 동안에만 폴리에틸렌 관은 침샘에 덕트를 입력합니다. 바로 혀 아래에있는 와튼의 덕트를 통해 턱밑 글랜드로 필터링 0.4 % trypan 파랑 얼룩 솔루션 (CAT # 15250, Gibco, 미국)의 50ul를 주사. 주입은 주사기 피스톤에 긍정적인 압력으로 지속적으로 전달하고, 손가락은 주입의 모든 이후 내부 구두 주입의 역류를 방지하기 위해, 선 (腺)로 전달되었습니다도 피스톤에 남아 있습니다. trypan 푸른 솔루션은 기술을 입증하기위한 염료로 비디오에 사용됩니다. </li><li> fter trypan 푸른 솔루션의 주입은, 마우스 해부하기 전에 euthanized되었다. 침샘은 수술 얼마나 혼합의 실제로 선 (腺)에 남아있다 결정하기 위해 노출됩니다. </li></ol> 2. 대표 결과 : 약을 주입 후에, 마우스는 수술 후 cannulated 침샘을 폭로 해부했다. 이미지로 - 2에 표시, 와튼의 덕트의 어두운 착색은 trypan 파란색 솔루션이 성공적으로 주입다는 증거를 제공합니다. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/3074/3074fig1.jpg" alt="그림 1" /> 그림 1. 마우스 턱밑의 글랜드의 Cannulation. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/3074/3074fig2.jpg" alt="그림 2" /> 그림 2. 폴리에틸렌 튜브는 29 게이지 바늘 끝 주위에 쌌다입니다. 주사기 바늘은 와튼의 덕트에 폴리에틸렌 튜브를 이동하는 단단한 가이드로 사용됩니다. 폴리에틸렌 관은 덕트 내부 (cannulated) 3-5mm를 삽입됩니다. 바늘이 덕트 외부 남아있는 동안에만 폴리에틸렌 관은 침샘에 덕트를 입력합니다.

<ol>
	<li>Fox, P. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acquired+salivary+dysfunction.+Drugs+and+radiation.">Acquired salivary dysfunction. Drugs and radiation.</a> Ann N Y Acad Sci. 842, 132-137 (1998).</li><li>Bhide, S. A., Miah, A. B., Harrington, K. J., Newbold, K. L., Nutting, C. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Radiation-induced+xerostomia:+pathophysiology,+prevention+and+treatment.">Radiation-induced xerostomia: pathophysiology, prevention and treatment.</a> Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 21, 737-744 (2009).</li><li>Redman, R. S., Ball, W. D., Mezey, E., Key, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dispersed+donor+salivary+gland+cells+are+widely+distributed+in+the+recipient+gland+when+infused+up+the+ductal+tree.">Dispersed donor salivary gland cells are widely distributed in the recipient gland when infused up the ductal tree.</a> Biotech Histochem. 84, 253-260 (2009).</li></ol>

모든 실험은 대학 동물 관리위원회의 승인 및 동물 관리에있는 캐나다 협의회의 지침에 따라되었습니다되었습니다.

이 cannulation 방법을 사용하여 어려움이 주입 솔루션의 역류를 방지하는 것입니다. trypan 블루 솔루션을 일시적으로 성공적으로 침샘으로 마이 그 레이션 경우에도, 타액 분비의 혼합을 방해하고 선 밖으로 trypan 파랑 솔루션의 역류가 발생할 수 있습니다. 예방 차원에서, 타액​​의 분비를 억제하기 위해 아트로 핀을 사용하는 외에, 폴리에틸렌 정맥은 와튼의 덕트와 혼합이 예금 후에 60 초 동안 ?...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> 시약의 이름 </td><td> 유형 </td><td> 회사 </td><td> 카탈로그 번호 </td><td> 댓글 (옵션) </td></tr><tr><td> 아트로 핀 </td><td> 마약 </td><td> Fluka </td><td> 11,330 </td><td> 타액 분비를 억제하기 위해 </td></tr><tr><td> 케타민을 </td><td> 마약 </td><td> 피닉스 과학 </td><td></td><td> 진정 작용 </td></tr><tr><td> Xylazine </td><td> 마약 </td><td> 피닉스 과학 </td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 폴리에틸렌 튜브 (0.58 mm 직경) </td><td> 튜브 </td><td> Intramedic PE - 10, 백톤 디킨슨 진단 시스템 </td><td> 427410 </td><td> 와튼의 덕트에 삽입하는 동안 조직 부상을 피하기 위해 바늘의 팁을 통해 삽입합니다. </td></tr><tr><td> 울트라 컴포트 인슐린 주사기 (29G 바늘로) </td><td> 주사기 </td><td> 타이코 헬스케어 </td><td> 600145 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 4퍼센트 trypan 파랑 </td><td> 얼룩 </td><td> Gibco </td><td> 15,250 </td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

cannulation of the mouse submandibular salivary gland via the wharton's duct

심한 침샘 hypofunction 자주 Sjögren 증후군과 암 치료를 위해 자신의 머리와 목 지역에서 치료 조사를받는 사람 환자에서 발견됩니다. 이러한 xerostomia (구강 건조), dysphagia (씹는과 삼키는 장애)와 같은 환자를 경험 현상 두 그룹 심각한 치과 카리 에스, 변경 맛, 오로 - pharyngeal 감염 (칸디다 증), mucositis, 통증과 불편함. . 침샘 하이포 - 함수의 치료를위한 재생 의학의 한 혁신적인 접근 방식은 RS 레드먼, E Mezey 외 2009 년 예측됩니다 줄기 세포가 직접 장애인의 기능을 되살리는에 강력한 방법으로 선 (腺)으로 cannulation로 입금 가능 기관. 아마도, 마이 그 레이션 외국 줄기 세포는 호스트 침샘의 일환으로 기능 선의 세포로 구분됩니다. 또한이 cannulation 기술은 임상 유전자 전송 어플 리케이션을위한 편법하고 효과적인 전달 방법입니다. 여기서 우리는 와튼의 덕트 (그림 1)를 통해 마우스를 턱밑 침샘에 cannulation 절차를 수행에 관련된 단계를 설명합니다. C3H 마우스 (찰스 리버, 몬트리올, QC, 캐나다)은 맥길 대학 동물 자원 센터에서 깨끗한 종래의 조건 하에서 보관되었습니다 본 실험을 위해 사용됩니다. 모든 실험은 대학 동물 관리위원회의 승인 및 동물 관리에있는 캐나다 협의회의 지침에 따라되었습니다되었습니다. 본 실험의 경우, trypan 파랑 솔루션은 29 게이지 바늘 폴리에틸렌 튜브 내부 쌌다과 인슐린 주사기를 사용하여 와튼의 덕트의 개통을 통해 선 (腺)으로 주입됩니다. 이후에, 마우스는 약을 성공적으로 선 (腺)으로 마이 그 레이션 것을 보여주기 위해 해부하는 것입니다.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Cannulation of the Mouse Submandibular Salivary Gland via the Wharton's Duct at JoVE.com

Cannulation of the Mouse Submandibular Salivary Gland via the Wharton&#039;s Duct

와튼의 덕트를 통해 마우스 턱밑 침샘의 cannulation을위한 프로토콜이 설명되어 있습니다. 본 실험은 trypan 푸른 솔루션은이 기법을 효과적으로 타겟 선에 혼합을 제공하는 방법을 보여줍니다하고, 침샘의 재생을위한 잠재적인 약물 임상 / 세포 치료 등이 새로운 접근 방법의 신뢰성을 제안하는 다이로 사용됩니다.

와튼의 덕트를 통해 마우스 턱밑 침샘의 Cannulation

Severe salivary gland hypofunction is frequently found in patients with Sj&ouml;gren's syndrome and those who receiving therapeutic 
irradiation in their ...

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Cannulation of the Mouse Submandibular Salivary Gland via the Wharton's Duct

25.7K 조회수.  McGill University. 와튼의 덕트를 통해 마우스 턱밑 침샘의 cannulation을위한 프로토콜이 설명되어 있습니다. 본 실험은 trypan 푸른 솔루션은이 기법을 효과적으로 타겟 선에 혼합을 제공하는 방법을 보여줍니다하고, 침샘의 재생을위한 잠재적인 약물 임상 / 세포 치료 등이 새로운 접근 방법의 신뢰성을 제안하는 다이로 사용됩니다.

비디오: Cannulation of the Mouse Submandibular Salivary Gland via the Wharton's Duct

Collecting Saliva and Measuring Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-amylase in Frail Community Residing Older Adults via Family Caregivers

Salivary measures have emerged in bio-behavioral research that are easy-to-collect, minimally invasive, and relatively inexpensive biologic markers of stress. This article we present the steps for collection and analysis of two salivary assays in research with frail, community residing older adults-salivary cortisol and salivary alpha amylase. The field of salivary bioscience is rapidly advancing and the purpose of this presentation is to provide an update on the developments for investigators interested in integrating these measures into research on aging. Strategies are presented for instructing family caregivers in collecting saliva in the home, and for conducting laboratory analyses of salivary analytes that have demonstrated feasibility, high compliance, and yield quality specimens. The protocol for sample collection includes: (1) consistent use of collection materials; (2) standardized methods that promote adherence and minimize subject burden; and (3) procedures for controlling certain confounding agents. We also provide strategies for laboratory analyses include: (1) saliva handling and processing; (2) salivary cortisol and salivary alpha amylase assay procedures; and (3) analytic considerations.

We demonstrate: (1) procedures for collection of salivary samples in cognitive impaired older adults by family caregivers in the home setting, (2) procedures for measuring stress activity via salivary cortisol and alpha amylase, and (3) representative profiles. Protocols that allow researchers to study stress-linked processes advance our understanding of biological sensitivity and susceptibility.

Salivary measures have emerged in bio-behavioral research  that are easy-to-collect, minimally invasive, and relatively inexpensive  biologic markers of ...

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Surgical Injury to the Mouse Pancreas through Ligation of the Pancreatic Duct as a Model for Endocrine and Exocrine Reprogramming and Proliferation

Expansion of pancreatic beta cells in vivo or ex vivo, or generation of beta cells by differentiation from an embryonic or adult stem cell, can provide new expandable sources of beta cells to alleviate the donor scarcity in human islet transplantation as therapy for diabetes. Although recent advances have been made towards this aim, mechanisms that regulate beta cell expansion and differentiation from a stem/progenitor cell remain to be characterized. Here, we describe a protocol for an injury model in the adult mouse pancreas that can function as a tool to study mechanisms of tissue remodeling and beta cell proliferation and differentiation. Partial duct ligation (PDL) is an experimentally induced injury of the rodent pancreas involving surgical ligation of the main pancreatic duct resulting in an obstruction of drainage of exocrine products out of the tail region of the pancreas. The inflicted damage induces acinar atrophy, immune cell infiltration and severe tissue remodeling. We have previously reported the activation of Neurogenin (Ngn) 3 expressing endogenous progenitor-like cells and an increase in beta cell proliferation after PDL. Therefore, PDL provides a basis to study signals involved in beta cell dynamics and the properties of an endocrine progenitor in adult pancreas. Since, it still remains largely unclear, which factors and pathways contribute to beta cell neogenesis and proliferation in PDL, a standardized protocol for PDL will allow for comparison across laboratories.

This protocol describes an injury model involving the surgical ligation of the pancreatic duct in the adult mouse pancreas, resulting in severe injury that establishes an environment that allows beta cell neogenesis and proliferation. This model can be used as a tool to study mechanisms involved in beta cell formation.

내분비 및 외분비 리 프로그래밍과 대량 살상 무기 확산 모델로 췌관의 결찰을 통해 마우스 췌장 외과 부상

Expansion of pancreatic beta cells in vivo or ex vivo, or generation of beta cells by differentiation from an embryonic or adult stem cell, can provide ...

Retroductal Submandibular Gland Instillation and Localized Fractionated Irradiation in a Rat Model of Salivary Hypofunction

Normal tissues that lie within the portals of radiation are inadvertently damaged. Salivary glands are often injured during head and neck radiotherapy. Irreparable cell damage results in a chronic loss of salivary function that impairs basic oral activities, and increases the risk of oral infections and dental caries. Salivary hypofunction and its complications gravely impact a patient's comfort. Current symptomatic management of the condition is ineffective, and newer therapies to assuage the condition are needed. 
Salivary glands are exocrine glands, which expel their secretions into the mouth via excretory ducts. Cannulation of these ducts provides direct access to the glands. Retroductal delivery of a contrast agent to major salivary glands is a routine out-patient procedure for diagnostic imaging. Using a similar procedure, localized treatment of the glands is feasible. However, performing this technique in preclinical studies with small animals poses unique challenges. In this study we describe the technique of retroductal administration in rat submandibular glands, a procedure that was refined in Dr. Bruce Baum's laboratory (NIH)1, and lay out a procedure for local gland irradiation.

Salivary gland hypofunction, a major adverse effect of head and neck radiotherapy diminishes a patient's quality of life. The demonstration of efficacy of new therapies in animal models is a prerequisite before clinical transition. This protocol describes retroductal administration and local irradiation of rat submandibular glands.

타액 기능 저하의 쥐 모델에서 Retroductal 턱밑 글 랜드 점적 및 현지화 된 분획 조사

Normal tissues that lie within the portals of radiation are inadvertently damaged. Salivary glands are often injured during head and neck radiotherapy. ...

Pancreatic Duct Infusion: An Effective and Selective Method of Drug and Viral Delivery

The pancreas is a bifunctional organ with both endocrine and exocrine components. A number of pathologies can afflict the pancreas, including diabetes, pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer. All three of these diseases mark active areas of study, not only to develop immediate therapy, but also to better understand their pathophysiology. There are few tools to further these areas of study. Pancreatic duct infusion is an important technique that can allow for lineage tracing, gene introduction, and cell line-specific targeting. The technique requires the intricate dissection of the second portion of the duodenum and ampulla, followed by the occlusion of the bile duct and the cannulation of the pancreatic duct. Although the technique is technically challenging at first, the applications are myriad. Ambiguity in the specifics of the procedure between groups highlighted the need for a standard protocol. This work describes the expression of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) within the pancreas after the pancreatic duct infusion of a viral vector expressing GFP versus a sham surgery. The infusion and therefore expression is specific to the pancreas, without expression present in any other tissue type.

Pancreatic duct infusion is an important technique that can allow for lineage tracing, gene introduction, and cell line-specific targeting. A pancreatic duct infusion technique for drug and viral delivery to pancreatic cells is presented here.

췌장 덕트 주입: 효과적이고 선택적 약물 및 바이러스 성 전달 방법

The pancreas is a bifunctional organ with both endocrine and exocrine components. A number of pathologies can afflict the pancreas, including diabetes, ...

Murine Salivary Functional Assessment via Pilocarpine Stimulation Following Fractionated Radiation

Hyposalivation is commonly observed in the autoimmune reaction of Sj&#246;gren's syndrome or following radiation injury to the major salivary glands. In these cases, questions remain regarding disease pathogenesis and effective interventions. An optimized technique that allows functional assessment of the salivary glands is invaluable for investigating exocrine gland biology, dysfunction, and therapeutics. Here, we present a step by step approach to performing pilocarpine stimulated saliva secretion, including tracheostomy and the dissection of the three major murine salivary glands. We also detail the appropriate murine head and neck anatomy accessed during these techniques. This approach is scalable, allowing for multiple mice to be processed simultaneously, thus improving the efficiency of the work flow. We aim to improve the reproducibility of these methods, each of which has further applications within the field. In addition to saliva collection, we discuss metrics for quantifying and normalizing functional capacity of these tissues. Representative data are included from submandibular glands with depressed salivary gland function 2 weeks following fractionated radiation (4 doses of 6.85 Gy).

We present a detailed approach to performing saliva collection, including murine tracheostomy and the isolation of three major salivary glands.

Pilocarpine 자극 다음 통해 murine 침 기능 평가 분류 한 방사선

Hyposalivation is commonly observed in the autoimmune reaction of Sj&#246;gren's syndrome or following radiation injury to the major salivary glands. In ...

Radiation Treatment of Organotypic Cultures from Submandibular and Parotid Salivary Glands Models Key In Vivo Characteristics

Hyposalivation and xerostomia create chronic oral complications that decrease the quality of life in head and neck cancer patients who are treated with radiotherapy. Experimental approaches to understanding mechanisms of salivary gland dysfunction and restoration have focused on in vivo models, which are handicapped by an inability to systematically screen therapeutic candidates and efficiencies in transfection capability to manipulate specific genes. The purpose of this salivary gland organotypic culture protocol is to evaluate maximal time of culture viability and characterize cellular changes following ex vivo radiation treatment. We utilized immunofluorescent staining and confocal microscopy to determine when specific cell populations and markers are present during a 30-day culture period. In addition, cellular markers previously reported in in vivo radiation models are evaluated in cultures that are irradiated ex vivo. Moving forward, this method is an attractive platform for rapid ex vivo assessment of murine and human salivary gland tissue responses to therapeutic agents that improve salivary function.

Using three-dimensional organotypic cultures to visualize morphology and functional markers of salivary glands may provide novel insights into the mechanisms of tissue damage following radiation. Described here is a protocol to section, culture, irradiate, stain, and image 50&#8211;90 &#956;m thick salivary gland sections prior to and following exposure to ionizing radiation.

하 악 및 파 타 액 땀 샘에서 유기 유형 배양의 방사선 치료는 생체 내 특성의 핵심

Hyposalivation and xerostomia create chronic oral complications that decrease the quality of life in head and neck cancer patients who are treated with ...

A Mouse Model for Chronic Pancreatitis via Bile Duct TNBS Infusion

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a complex disease involving pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis, glandular atrophy, abdominal pain and other symptoms. Several rodent models have been developed to study CP, of which the bile duct 2,4,6 -trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) infusion model replicates the features of neuropathic pain seen in CP. However, bile duct drug infusion in mice is technically challenging. This protocol demonstrates the procedure of bile duct TNBS infusion for generation of a CP mouse model. TNBS was infused into the pancreas through the ampulla of Vater in the duodenum. This protocol optimized drug volume, surgical techniques, and drug handling during the procedure. TNBS-treated mice showed features of CP as reflected by bodyweight and pancreas weight reductions, changes in pain-associated behaviors, and abnormal pancreatic morphology. With these improvements, mortality associated with TNBS injection was minimal. This procedure is not only critical in generating pancreatic disease models but is also useful in local pancreatic drug delivery.

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a disease characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the pancreas, often associated with intractable abdominal pain. This article focuses on refining the technique to generate a mouse model of CP via bile duct infusion with 2,4,6 -trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS).

담즙 덕트 TNBS 주입을 통한 만성 췌장염을 위한 마우스 모델

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a complex disease involving pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis, glandular atrophy, abdominal pain and other symptoms. ...

Establishment of a Mouse Severe Acute Pancreatitis Model using Retrograde Injection of Sodium Taurocholate into the Biliopancreatic Duct

The prevalence of acute pancreatitis (AP), especially severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), is increasing in younger age groups annually. However, there is a lack of effective treatments in the current clinical practice. With the easy accessibility of transgenic and knockout strains and their small size, which allows minimal doses of drugs required for in vivo evaluation, a well-established experimental model in mice is preferred for AP research. Moreover, SAP induced through sodium taurocholate (TC) is currently one of the most widely used and best characterized models. This model has been investigated for novel therapies and possible molecular events during the process of AP. Here, we present the generation of an AP mouse model using sodium taurocholate and a simple homemade microsyringe. Moreover, we also provide the methodology for the subsequent histology and serological testing.

A mouse model of severe acute pancreatitis is described herein. The procedure presented here is very rapid, simple, and accessible, thereby potentially allowing the study of the molecular mechanisms and different therapeutic interventions in acute pancreatitis in a convenient way.

비리오크크레아티드 덕트에 타우로콜레이트 나트륨의 역행 주입을 사용하여 마우스 심각한 급성 췌장염 모델의 설립

The prevalence of acute pancreatitis (AP), especially severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), is increasing in younger age groups annually. However, there is a ...

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

Parathyroid gland (PG) identification is a critical unmet need in thyroidectomy. The identification of the PG is challenging in thyroid surgery as it is similar in color to the thyroid gland. The lack of effective animal models in preclinical research is a severe limitation for the development of PG identification techniques. This protocol allows for the establishment of a simple and effective rat model for PG identification. In this model, black iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are injected locally in the thyroid gland and rapidly diffuse within the thyroid gland but not the PG. A negatively stained PG and a positively stained thyroid gland can be easily identified by the naked eye without requiring external microscopes. The position of the PG can be identified by increasing the color contrast between the thyroid gland and the PG, based on the color of the black IONPs. This rat model is low-cost and convenient for PG identification, and the IONPs are a novel PG contrast agent.

To date, the development of parathyroid gland (PG) identification methods is limited by the lack of animal models in preclinical research. Here, we establish a simple and effective rat model for intraoperative PG imaging and evaluate its effectiveness by using iron oxide nanoparticles as a novel PG contrast agent.

수술 중 부갑상선 영상촬영을 위한 간단하고 효과적인 쥐 모델 구축

Parathyroid gland (PG) identification is a critical unmet need in thyroidectomy. The identification of the PG is challenging in thyroid surgery as it is ...

Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration in Patients with a Previous History of Biliary Tract Surgery

For recurrent choledocholithiasis, abdominal adhesions in previous surgeries lead to changes in anatomical structures, and a secondary injury occurs easily when performing another operation for laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE), which was once considered a relative contraindication. In view of the limitations of the current surgical technique, this study summarized the surgical approaches and crucial anatomical landmarks for reoperation for LCBDE. Four general surgical approaches were proposed to expose the common bile duct, including the ligamentum teres hepatis approach, the anterior hepatic duodenal ligament approach, the right hepatic duodenal ligament approach, and the hybrid approach. Additionally, this study highlighted seven crucial anatomical landmarks: the parietal peritoneum, the gastrointestinal serosa, the ligamentum teres hepatis, the inferior margin of the liver, the gastric antrum, the duodenum, and the hepatic flexure of the colon, which were helpful to safely separate abdominal adhesions and expose the common bile duct. Moreover, to shorten the time of choledocholithotomy, a sequential method was innovatively applied for the removal of the stones in common bile duct. Mastering the above surgical approaches, including identifying crucial anatomical landmarks and adopting the sequential method will improve the safety of reoperation for LCBDE, shorten the operation time, promote the fast recovery of patients, reduce postoperative complications, and contribute to the popularization and application of this technique.

Programmed surgery based on surgical methods and anatomical markers helps shorten the operation time, reduce complications, and improve the safety of the surgery. This study investigated and summarized the surgical methods and anatomic markers of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration in patients with a history of biliary tract surgery.

담도 수술의 이전 병력이 있는 환자의 복강경 총담관 탐색

For recurrent choledocholithiasis, abdominal adhesions in previous surgeries lead to changes in anatomical structures, and a secondary injury occurs ...