엔지니어링 및 LEADER 컨소시엄 프로그램에 NUE을 통해 국립 과학 재단 (National Science Foundation)의 자금 지원은 굉장히 인정됩니다.

<ol>
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관심 없음 충돌이 선언 없습니다.

UV-VIS 흡수 분광 광도법 및 콜로이드 AgNPs의 라만 분광학 이곳은 콜로이드의 흡수 스펙트럼의 표면 plasmon 공명 봉우리의 수는 AgNPs 증가 대칭으로 감소하는 것으로 알려져 있습니다. 또한, AgNP 집계는 광범위한이나 붉은 이동 봉우리의 모양이 생깁니다. 25,26은 394 nm의에서 단일 샤프하고 대칭 SPR 피크의 존재가 적당한 집계 및 크기 분포의 작은 구형 AgNPs을 나타내는 것입?...

<table border="1"><tr><td> 실버 질산염 (AgNO 3) </td><td> Acros 유기물 주식회사 </td><td> CAS : ​​7761-88-8 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 나트륨 borohydride (NaBH 4) </td><td> Acros 유기물 주식회사 </td><td> CAS : ​​16940-66-2 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 질산 (HNO 3, Optima) </td><td> 피셔 과학 주식회사 </td><td> A467-1 </td><td> ICP 분석을위한 금속 등급을 추적 </td></tr><tr><td> 10,000 μg ML -1은 표준 EnviroConcentrate </td><td> 울트라 과학 </td><td> US-IAA-047 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> KrosFlo 연구 II 전 접선 흐름 여과 시스템 </td><td> 스펙트럼 연구소 주식회사 </td><td> <a href="http://www.spectrumlabs.com/pshop/RequestPrice/index.html?LiFrom=%2Ffiltration%2FKR2SystemO.html;FrName=Research+IIi+System;Pn=SYR2-U20-01N;" target="_blank">SYR2-U20-01N</a> </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 0.05 μm PS (0.5 mm) 460cm 2 </td><td> 스펙트럼 연구소 주식회사 </td><td> <a href="http://www.spectrumlabs.com/filtration/MidiKros.html?Pn=X30S-900-02N;" target="_blank">X30S-900-02N</a> </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 미디 100 KD PS 200cm 2 </td><td> 스펙트럼 연구소 주식회사 </td><td> X3-100S-901-02N </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Micro100 KD PS 20cm이 </td><td> 스펙트럼 연구소 주식회사 </td><td> X1AB-300-10N </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> MasterFlex C-플렉스 튜브 L / S 사이즈 17 </td><td> 콜 - 팔머 인스트루먼트 (주) </td><td> 06424-17 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> MasterFlex C-플렉스 튜브 L / S 사이즈 14 </td><td> 콜 - 팔머 인스트루먼트 (주) </td><td> 06424-14 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 캐리 50 UV-VIS-NIR 분광 광도계 </td><td> Varian 주식회사 </td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> LabRam HR 800 시스템 </td><td> Horiba Jobin Yvon 주식회사 </td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Varian 710ES ICP-것들 </td><td> Varian 주식회사 </td><td></td><td></td></tr></table> 표 1. 특정 시약 및 장비.

tangential flow ultrafiltration: a  &ldquo;green&rdquo; method for the size selection and concentration of colloidal silver nanoparticles

현재, AgNPs이 광범위하게 자신의 강력한 항균 특성으로 인해 소비자 제품, 1 물 소독제, 2 치료학, 1, 3, 생물 의학 장치 (4)의 제조에 사용됩니다. 3-6이 nanoparticle 응용 프로그램을 강력하게 AgNP 크기와 집합 상태에 의해 영향을받습니다 . 많은 도전 제어 제조 7 캡핑 / 대리인 또는 유기 용제를 안정화 화학적으로 공격적인에서 무료로 제공되는 unfunctionalized, 동질 AgNPs의 크기 기반 격리 4,8에 존재합니다. 7-13 제한이 시약의 독성에서 높은 비용을 등장하거나 감소 AgNP 합성 또는 분리 방법 (예를 들어, 원심 분리, 크기에 따라 달라 용해도, 크기 배제 크로마토 그래피 등)의 효율성. 10,14-18이를 극복하기 위해, 우리는 최근 TFU 더 큰 크기, 농도 제어 등을 허용 것을 보여 주었다 크 레이튼 AgNPs (300 집계 상태같은 ultracentrifugation 등의 절연이 기존의 방법보다 198.7 μg ML -1)의 15.3 μg ML -1의 ML 다운 10 ML. 19 TFU은 일반적으로 단백질, 바이러스, 세포의 무게 기반의 절연에 사용되는 재순환 방식입니다. 간단히 20,21, 액체 샘플 KD 1,000에서 10 KD에 이르기까지 다양한 기공 크기와 중공 섬유 멤브레인의 일련을 통해 전달됩니다. 큰 성분은 (retentate) 유지하는 동안 예제에서 작은 중지 또는 해산 성분은 (여과) 용매와 함께 다공성 장벽을 전달합니다. TFU이가도 손해 샘플을로 &quot;녹색&quot;방법으로 간주하거나 독성 초과 시약 및 부산물을 제거 할 추가는 용매 필요 할 수 있습니다. 모두 소수성과 친수성 ​​필터를 사용할 수 있습니다대로 또한, TFU은 나노 입자의 다양한 적용 할 수 있습니다. 본 연구의 두 가지 주요 목표는 있었다 : 1) 설명하기초대 비디오 경험과 2를 통해 TFU 접근 방식의 실험 부분)은 콜로이드 나노 입자와 retentate의 작은 볼륨의 큰 볼륨에 대한 TFU 방법의 타당성을 입증합니다. 첫째, unfuctionalized AgNPs는 (4 L, 15.2 μg ML -1) NaBH 4 AgNO 3의 감소에 의해 잘 알려진 크 레이튼 방법 22,23을 사용하여 합성 하였다. AgNP polydispersity는 두개를 100 KD (200cm 2, 20cm 2) 필터에 의해 다음 AgNPs 및 AgNP-집계 큰 50 나노 미터를 제거하기 위해 50 나노 필터를 (460cm 2)를 사용하여 3 단계 TFU을 통해 최소화 된 AgNPs을 집중합니다. 대표 샘플은 전송 전자 현미경, UV-VIS 흡수 분광 광도법, 라만 분광법 및 유도 결합 플라즈마 광 방출 분광법을 사용하여 특징되었습니다. 최종 retentate이 높은 농축 (4 ML, 8,539.9 μg ML -1) 아직 통합과 균일 겸손한으로 구성직경 1-20 nm의 AgNPs. 이 62 % 정도의 실버 농도 수율에 해당합니다.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Tangential Flow Ultrafiltration: A  â€œGreenâ€ Method for the Size Selection and Concentration of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles at JoVE.com

Tangential Flow Ultrafiltration: A  &amp;ldquo;Green&amp;rdquo; Method for the Size Selection and Concentration of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles

접선 흐름 ultrafiltration (TFU)는 biosamples의 무게 기반의 분리에 사용되는 재순환 방식입니다. TFU는 크기를 선택합니다 (1-20 nm 정도의 직경)에 적응하고 높은 polydisperse 실버 나노 입자의 큰 볼륨 (15.2 μg의 ML 4 L을 집중했다<sup&gt; -1</sup8,539.9 μg의 ML의&gt; 4 다운 ML<sup&gt; -1</sup&gt;) 최소한의 집합이 있습니다.

접선 흐름 Ultrafiltration : 콜로이드 실버 나노 입자의 크기 선택과 집중을위한 &quot;그린&quot;방법

Nowadays, AgNPs are extensively used in the manufacture of consumer products,1 water disinfectants,2 therapeutics,1, 3 and biomedical devices4 due to ...

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Biology

Tangential Flow Ultrafiltration: A  &ldquo;Green&rdquo; Method for the Size Selection and Concentration of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles

17.7K 조회수.  Wright State University. 접선 흐름 ultrafiltration (TFU)는 biosamples의 무게 기반의 분리에 사용되는 재순환 방식입니다. TFU는 크기를 선택합니다 (1-20 nm 정도의 직경)에 적응하고 높은 polydisperse 실버 나노 입자의 큰 볼륨 (15.2 μg의 ML 4 L을 집중했다 -1 4 다운 ML -1) 최소한의 집합이 있습니다.

비디오: Tangential Flow Ultrafiltration: A  &ldquo;Green&rdquo; Method for the Size Selection and Concentration of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles

A Method for 2-Photon Imaging of Blood Flow in the Neocortex through a Cranial Window

The ability to image the cerebral vasculature (from large vessels to capillaries) and record blood flow dynamics in the intact brain of living rodents is a powerful technique. Using in vivo 2-photon microscopy through a cranial window it is possible to image fluorescent dyes injected intravenously. This permits one to image the cortical vasculature and also to obtain measurements of blood flow. This technique was originally developed by David Kleinfeld and Winfried Denk. The method can be used to study blood flow dynamics during or after cerebral ischemia, in neurodegenerative disorders, in brain tumors, or in normal brain physiology. For example, it has been used to study how stroke causes shifts in blood flow direction and changes in red blood cell velocity or flux in and around the infarct. Here we demonstrate how to use 2-photon microscopy to image blood flow dynamics in the neocortex of living mice using fluorescent dyes injected into the tail vein.

Cortical blood flow dynamics can be studied in vivo by imaging fluorescent dextran dyes injected into the tail vein of rodents with 2-photon microscopy. This video shows how to image blood flow dynamics in neocortex of mice through a glass-covered cranial window preparation.

두개골의 창문을 통해 네크로 텍스의 혈류의 2 광자 이미징을위한 방법

The ability to image the cerebral vasculature (from large vessels to capillaries) and record blood flow dynamics in the intact brain of living rodents is ...

연구

생물학

Use of Rotorod as a Method for the Qualitative Analysis of Walking in Rat

High speed videoanalysis of the details of movement can provide a source of information about qualitative aspects of walking movements. When walking on a rotorod, animals remain in approximately the same place making repetitive movements of stepping. Thus the task provides a rich source of information on the details of foot stepping movements. Subjects were hemi-Parkinson analogue rats, produced by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the right nigrostriatal bundle to deplete nigrostriatal dopamine (DA). The present report provides a video analysis illustration of animals previously were filmed from frontal, lateral, and posterior views as they walked (15). Rating scales and frame-by-frame replay of the video records of stepping behavior indicated that the hemi-Parkinson rats were chronically impaired in posture and limb use contralateral to the DA-depletion. The contralateral limbs participated less in initiating and sustaining propulsion than the ipsilateral limbs. These deficits secondary to unilateral DA-depletion show that the rotorod provides a use task for the analysis of stepping movements.

The rotorod test is used to assess motor status in the walking movement of hemi-Parkinson analogue rats.

쥐에서 도보의 질적 분석 방법으로 Rotorod의 사용

High speed videoanalysis of the details of movement can provide a source of information about qualitative aspects of walking movements. When walking on a ...

A Microfluidic Device for Quantifying Bacterial Chemotaxis in Stable Concentration Gradients

Chemotaxis allows bacteria to approach sources of attractant chemicals or to avoid sources of repellent chemicals. Bacteria constantly monitor the concentration of specific chemoeffectors by comparing the current concentration to the concentration detected a few seconds earlier. This comparison determines the net direction of movement. Although multiple, competing gradients often coexist in nature, conventional approaches for investigating bacterial chemotaxis are suboptimal for quantifying migration in response to concentration gradients of attractants and repellents. Here, we describe the development of a microfluidic chemotaxis model for presenting precise and stable concentration gradients of chemoeffectors to bacteria and quantitatively investigating their response to the applied gradient. The device is versatile in that concentration gradients of any desired absolute concentration and gradient strength can be easily generated by diffusive mixing. The device is demonstrated using the response of Escherichia coli RP437 to gradients of amino acids and nickel ions.

This protocol describes the development of a microfluidic device for investigating bacterial chemotaxis in stable concentration gradients of chemoeffectors.

안정적인 농도 기울기에 박테리아 Chemotaxis을 Quantifying위한 Microfluidic 장치

Chemotaxis allows bacteria to approach sources of attractant chemicals or to avoid sources of repellent chemicals. Bacteria constantly monitor the ...

Analysis of the Development of a Morphological Phenotype as a Function of Protein Concentration in Budding Yeast

Gene deletion and protein overexpression are common methods for studying functions of proteins. In this article, we describe a protocol for analysis of phenotype development as a function of protein concentration at population and single-cell levels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although this protocol is based on the overexpression of a protein, it can easily be adapted for morphological phenotypes dependent on suppression of protein expression. Our lab is interested in studying the signaling properties of the endocytic adaptor protein epsin. To that purpose we used a dominant negative approach in which we over-expressed the conserved Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain in order to interfere with the functions of endogenous epsin-2 (Ent2 or YLR206W). We observed that overexpression of the ENTH domain of Ent2 (ENTH2) in wild type cells led to a cell division defect that is dependent on the mislocalization of a family of scaffolding proteins, septins.

Gene deletion and protein overexpression are common methods for studying functions of proteins. In this article, we describe a protocol for analysis of phenotype development as a function of protein concentration at population and single-cell levels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

버딩 효모에서 단백질 농도의 함수로 형태학의 표현형의 발전 분석

Gene deletion and protein overexpression are common methods for studying functions of proteins. In this article, we describe a protocol for analysis of ...

Flow Cytometry Purification of Mouse Meiotic Cells

The heterogeneous nature of cell types in the testis and the absence of meiotic cell culture models have been significant hurdles to the study of the unique differentiation programs that are manifest during meiosis. Two principal methods have been developed to purify, to varying degrees, various meiotic fractions from both adult and immature animals: elutriation or Staput (sedimentation) using BSA and/or percoll gradients. Both of these methods rely on cell size and density to separate meiotic cells1-5. Overall, except for few cell populations6, these protocols fail to yield sufficient purity of the numerous meiotic cell populations that are necessary for detailed molecular analyses. Moreover, with such methods usually one type of meiotic cells can be purified at a given time, which adds an extra level of complexity regarding the reproducibility and homogeneity when comparing meiotic cell samples.
Here, we describe a refined method that allows one to easily visualize, identify, and purify meiotic cells, from germ cells to round spermatids, using FACS combined with Hoechst 33342 staining7,8. This method provides an overall snapshot of the entire meiotic process and allows one to highly purify viable cells from most stage of meiosis. These purified cells can then be analyzed in detail for molecular changes that accompany progression through meiosis, for example changes in gene expression9,10and the dynamics of nucleosome occupancy at hotspots of meiotic recombination11.

An efficient method to obtain highly purified viable meiotic fractions from mouse testis is described, which combines a refined cell dissociation protocol with fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS). This method takes advantage of differences in the DNA content and nuclear density of discrete meiotic fractions.

마우스 Meiotic 셀 유동세포계측법의 정제

The heterogeneous nature of cell types in the testis and the absence of meiotic cell culture models have been significant hurdles to the study of the ...

Optimized Staining and Proliferation Modeling Methods for Cell Division Monitoring using Cell Tracking Dyes

Fluorescent cell tracking dyes, in combination with flow and image cytometry, are powerful tools with which to study the interactions and fates of different cell types in vitro and in vivo.1-5 Although there are literally thousands of publications using such dyes, some of the most commonly encountered cell tracking applications include monitoring of:
<ol>
	<li>stem and progenitor cell quiescence, proliferation and/or differentiation6-8</li>
	<li>antigen-driven membrane transfer9 and/or precursor cell proliferation3,4,10-18 and</li>
	<li>immune regulatory and effector cell function1,18-21.</li>
</ol>
Commercially available cell tracking dyes vary widely in their chemistries and fluorescence properties but the great majority fall into one of two classes based on their mechanism of cell labeling. "Membrane dyes", typified by PKH26, are highly lipophilic dyes that partition stably but non-covalently into cell membranes1,2,11. "Protein dyes", typified by CFSE, are amino-reactive dyes that form stable covalent bonds with cell proteins4,16,18. Each class has its own advantages and limitations. The key to their successful use, particularly in multicolor studies where multiple dyes are used to track different cell types, is therefore to understand the critical issues enabling optimal use of each class2-4,16,18,24.
The protocols included here highlight three common causes of poor or variable results when using cell-tracking dyes. These are:
<ol>
	<li>Failure to achieve bright, uniform, reproducible labeling. This is a necessary starting point for any cell tracking study but requires attention to different variables when using membrane dyes than when using protein dyes or equilibrium binding reagents such as antibodies.</li>
	<li>Suboptimal fluorochrome combinations and/or failure to include critical compensation controls. Tracking dye fluorescence is typically 102 - 103 times brighter than antibody fluorescence. It is therefore essential to verify that the presence of tracking dye does not compromise the ability to detect other probes being used.</li>
	<li>Failure to obtain a good fit with peak modeling software. Such software allows quantitative comparison of proliferative responses across different populations or stimuli based on precursor frequency or other metrics. Obtaining a good fit, however, requires exclusion of dead/dying cells that can distort dye dilution profiles and matching of the assumptions underlying the model with characteristics of the observed dye dilution profile.</li>
</ol>
Examples given here illustrate how these variables can affect results when using membrane and/or protein dyes to monitor cell proliferation.

Successful use of cell tracking dyes to monitor immune cell function and proliferation involves several critical steps. We describe methods for: 1) obtaining bright, uniform, reproducible label-ing with membrane dyes; 2) selecting fluorochromes and data acquisition conditions; and 3) choosing a model to quantify cell proliferation based on dye dilution.

셀 추적 염료를 사용하여 전지 부문 모니터링에 최적화 된 착색 및 확산 모델링 방법

Fluorescent cell tracking dyes, in combination with flow and image cytometry, are powerful tools with which to study the interactions and fates of ...

A Protocol for Phage Display and Affinity Selection Using Recombinant Protein Baits

Using recombinant phage as a scaffold to present various protein portions encoded by a directionally cloned cDNA library to immobilized bait molecules is an efficient means to discover interactions. The technique has largely been used to discover protein-protein interactions but the bait molecule to be challenged need not be restricted to proteins. The protocol presented here has been optimized to allow a modest number of baits to be screened in replicates to maximize the identification of independent clones presenting the same protein. This permits greater confidence that interacting proteins identified are legitimate interactors of the bait molecule. Monitoring the phage titer after each affinity selection round provides information on how the affinity selection is progressing as well as on the efficacy of negative controls. One means of titering the phage, and how and what to prepare in advance to allow this process to progress as efficiently as possible, is presented. Attributes of amplicons retrieved following isolation of independent plaque are highlighted that can be used to ascertain how well the affinity selection has progressed. Trouble shooting techniques to minimize false positives or to bypass persistently recovered phage are explained. Means of reducing viral contamination flare up are discussed.

Phage display is a powerful technique to capture proteins or protein moieties that interact with an immobilized molecule of interest. Once a decision of the type of phage cDNA library to create and screen has been made, the protocol described here permits efficient affinity selection leading to identification of interactors.

재조합 단백질의 미끼를 사용 파지 디스플레이와 궁합 선택을위한 프로토콜

Using  recombinant phage as a scaffold to present various protein portions encoded by  a directionally cloned cDNA library to immobilized bait molecules ...

An Innovative Method for Exosome Quantification and Size Measurement

Although the biological importance of exosomes has recently gained an increasing amount of scientific and clinical attention, much is still unknown about their complex pathways, their bioavailability and their diverse functions in health and disease. Current work focuses on the presence and the behavior of exosomes (in vitro as well as in vivo) in the context of different human disorders, especially in the fields of oncology, gynecology and cardiology.
Unfortunately, neither a consensus regarding a gold standard for exosome isolation exists, nor is there an agreement on such a method for their quantitative analysis. As there are many methods for the purification of exosomes and also many possibilities for their quantitative and qualitative analysis, it is difficult to determine a combination of methods for the ideal approach. 
Here, we demonstrate nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), a semi-automated method for the characterization of exosomes after isolation from human plasma by ultracentrifugation. The presented results show that this approach for isolation, as well as the determination of the average number and size of exosomes, delivers reproducible and valid data, as confirmed by other methods, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

A method for isolation of exosomes from whole blood and further analysis by nanoparticle tracking using a semi-automatic instrument is presented in this article. The presented technology provides an extremely sensitive method for visualizing and analyzing particles in liquid suspension.

엑소 정량화 및 크기 측정을위한 혁신적인 방법

Although the biological importance of exosomes has recently gained an increasing amount of scientific and clinical attention, much is still unknown about ...

Development of a Colloidal Gold-based Immunochromatographic Test Strip for Detection of Cetacean Myoglobin

This protocol describes the development of a colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip based on the sandwich format that can be used to differentiate the myoglobin (Mb) of cetaceans from that of seals and other animals. The strip provides rapid and on-the-spot screening for cetacean meat, thereby restraining its illegal trade and consumption. Two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with reactivity toward the Mb of cetaceans were developed. The amino acid sequences of Mb antigenic reactive regions from various animals were analyzed in order to design two synthetic peptides (a general peptide and a specific peptide) and thereafter raise the mAbs (subclass IgG1). The mAbs were selected from hybridomas screened by indirect ELISA, western blot and dot blot. CGF5H9 was specific to the Mbs of rabbits, dogs, pigs, cows, goats, and cetaceans while it showed weak to no affinity to the Mbs of chickens, tuna and seals. CSF1H13 can bind seals and cetaceans with strong affinity but showed no affinity to other animals. Cetacean samples from four families (Balaenopteridae, Delphinidae, Phocoenidae and Kogiidae) were used in this study, and the results indicated that these two mAbs have broad binding ability to Mbs from different cetaceans. These mAbs were applied on a sandwich-type colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip. CGF5H9, which recognizes many species, was colloid gold-labeled and used as the detection antibody. CSF1H13, which was coated on the test zone, detected the presence of cetacean and seal Mbs. Muscle samples from tuna, chicken, seal, five species of terrestrial mammals and 15 species of cetaceans were tested in triplicate. All cetacean samples showed positive results and all the other samples showed negative results.

This protocol describes the development of two IgG class monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) strongly reactive to myoglobin of cetaceans. These mAbs are applied on a colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip based on the sandwich format to differentiate the Mb of cetaceans from seal and other animals.

고래 마이오글로빈의 검출을위한 콜로이드 골드 기반 면역 크로마토 그래피 테스트 스트립의 개발

This protocol describes the development of a colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip based on the sandwich format that can be used to ...

Adipo-Clear: A Tissue Clearing Method for Three-Dimensional Imaging of Adipose Tissue

Adipose tissue plays a central role in energy homeostasis and thermoregulation. It is composed of different types of adipocytes, as well as adipocyte precursors, immune cells, fibroblasts, blood vessels, and nerve projections. Although the molecular control of cell type specification and how these cells interact have been increasingly delineated, a more comprehensive understanding of these adipose-resident cells can be achieved by visualizing their distribution and architecture throughout the whole tissue. Existing immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence approaches to analyze adipose histology rely on thin paraffin-embedded sections. However, thin sections capture only a small portion of tissue; as a result, the conclusions can be biased by what portion of tissue is analyzed. We have therefore developed an adipose tissue clearing technique, Adipo-Clear, to permit comprehensive three-dimensional visualization of molecular and cellular patterns in whole adipose tissues. Adipo-Clear was adapted from iDISCO/iDISCO+, with specific modifications made to completely remove the lipid stored in the tissue while preserving native tissue morphology. In combination with light-sheet fluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate here the use of the Adipo-Clear method to obtain high-resolution volumetric images&#160;of an entire adipose tissue.

Due to the high lipid content, adipose tissue has been challenging to visualize using traditional histological methods. Adipo-Clear is a tissue clearing technique that allows robust labeling and high-resolution volumetric fluorescent imaging of adipose tissue. Here, we describe the methods for sample preparation, pretreatment, staining, clearing, and mounting for imaging.

Adipo-지우기: 조직 지방 조직의 3 차원 이미징 방법 삭제

Adipose tissue plays a central role in energy homeostasis and thermoregulation. It is composed of different types of adipocytes, as well as adipocyte ...