모터 신경 질병 연구 호주 연구소 (MNDRIA), 실비아와 찰스 VIERTEL 자선 재단 임상 탐정 보조금, Ramaciotti 재단과 호주 국립 보건 의학 연구위원회 (프로젝트 허가 번호 APP1024915)의 지원 자금을 지원하는 것은 기꺼이 인정 받고 있습니다.

1. 환자 준비 <ol><li> 전향 적으로 연속적으로 환자를 모집. 참고 : 다음과 같은 프로토콜이 시드니 서부 지역 보건 서비스 인간 연구 윤리위원회에 의해 승인됩니다. 동의는 모든 환자에 의해 제공되었다. 환자는 웨스트 미드 병원에서 ALS / 신경 근육 학 병원에서 전향 적으로 연속적으로 모집했다. </li><li> 테스트를 위해 ALS 환자의 적합성을 확인합니다. ALS 또는 신경 근육 질환으로 진단되지 않은 환자를 제외합니다. </li><li> 공존 초점 성 신경 병증, 팔꿈치에서 손목이나 척골 신경 병증에서 중간 신경 병증을 가진 환자를 제외합니다. </li><li> 당뇨병 성 신경 병증과 같은 일반화 된 신경 병증을 가진 환자를 제외합니다. </li><li> 광범위 ALS 또는 신경 근육 모방 질환의 진단을 확인하기 위해 임상 적 추적 관찰 환자를 조사. </li><li> 동의는 알에 대한 ALS 및 신경 근육 모방 장애 환자를 포함한 모든 환자에 의해 제공되고 있는지 확인L 신경 생리 학적 절차. </li></ol> 2. 임상 평가 <ol><li> 루게릭 병 기능 평가 척도 - 수정 (ALSFRS-R)이 18 득점 사용하여 모든 ALS 환자의 임상 병기를 결정합니다. </li><li> 이전에보고 된 식에 따라 모든 ALS 환자에서 질환의 진행 속도를 결정하고; 증상 (48-ALSFRS-R) / 지속 시간) 19. </li><li> 의학 연구위원회 (MRC) 평가 척도 (20)을 사용하여 모든 환자에서 근육의 강도를 결정합니다. 상지 포함하는 총 MRC 점수 개발 (; 팔꿈치 굴곡, 어깨 납치를 팔꿈치 연장, 손목 배측 굴곡, 손가락 납치, 엄지 납치, 총 점수 60)와 하체 (엉덩이 굴곡, 무릎 확장, 발목 배측 굴곡, 총 점수 30) 근육 그룹 . 근육의 강도가 보통 인 경우 총 MRC 점수는 90해야한다. </li><li> 모든 ALS에 안구 사지로 정의 질병 발병의 위치를​​ 결정환자. </li></ol> 3. 신경 생리 학적 평가 <ol><li> 외전에서 기록 된 복합 근육 활동 전위와 중간과 척골 신경 (CMAP) 응답에 운동 신경 전도 연구를 수행 브레비스 (APB), 첫 번째 지느러미 뼈 사이 (FDI) 및 외전 자리 minimi (ADM) 근육을 장 무지. </li><li> 주류의인가 다음에 피부 저항을 줄이기 위해 연마 젤, 와이프로 피부 표면을 세정함으로써, 손목에 자극 사이트를 준비한다. 최대 CMAP 응답 (현재 supramaximal)를 생산하는 데 필요한 강도보다 20 % 자극 전류를 설정합니다. </li><li> 선택한 자극 사이트 볼륨 전도 피할되도록 자극에 대한 낮은 임계 값을 나타냄을 확인합니다. </li><li> 주류의인가 다음에 피부 저항을 줄이기 위해 연마 젤, 와이프로 피부 표면을 세정함으로써, 각 근육 위에 기록 사이트를 준비한다. </li><li> 복합 모터 함께하는의 크기를 기록APB, ADM, 그리고 FDI 근육의 전위 (CMAP)에 대한 것입니다. 각 근육에 배의 힘줄 배열에 위치 10mm 골드 디스크 전극에 의해 기록 될 응답. 기준 전극은 엄지 손가락 (APB와 FDI CMAP 녹음)과 숫자 5의 기초의 기초 위에 위치하는 동안 특히, ADM에 (CMAP 응답의 음의 이륙을 보장 각각의 근육의 중간에 활성 전극의 위치를 CMAP 녹음). </li><li> 5cm와 8cm의 외국인 직접 투자의 거리에 APB와 ADM 복합 운동 활동 전위 반응에 대한 자극 음극 활성 전극 사이의 거리를 설정합니다. </li><li> 유물을 줄이기 위해 전도성 젤, 전극을 자극 G1 사이에, 손 등의 측면에서 전기 수술 중립 접지 판을 배치합니다. 종래 중립 지구의 애플리케이션 주류의인가 다음에 피부 저항을 줄이기 위해 연마 젤, 와이프로 피부 표면을 세정하여 사이트를 준비. </li><li>필터 설정은 3 헤르츠 (Hz 저주파 필터)와 10 kHz에서 (고주파 필터) 사이에 있는지 확인합니다. </li><li> 스위프 속도가 20 밀리 초, 또는 2 밀리 초 / 구간으로 설정되어 있는지 확인합니다. </li><li> 기록 CMAP 응답에 대한 감도가 5 MV로 설정되어 있는지 확인합니다. </li><li> 연구를 통해 자극의 사이트에있는 온도를 모니터링하고 사지 온도를 32 ℃로 유지되도록 </li></ol> 4. 분석 및 해석 <ol><li> ALS 환자에서 APB, 외국인 직접 투자 및 ADM 근육과 신경 근육 모방 질병 컨​​트롤을 통해 기본 - 투 - 피크 CMAP 진폭 (MV)를 측정한다. </li><li> 다음과 같이 APB와 FDI 근육에 기록 된 CMAP 진폭을 곱한 ADM 근육에 기록 된 CMAP 진폭이 상품을 분할하여 분할 손 지수 (그림 1)를 계산한다 SI = APB의 CMAP * FDI CMAP _________________________ &amp; #160; ADM CMAP </li><li> 진단 정확도 (STAR​​D) 기준의보고 기준에 따라 ALS 환자와 신경 근육 모방 장애 병리 컨트롤 사이의 SI 값을 비교하여 분할 색인 손의 진단 유틸리티를 결정합니다. </li><li> 특성 (ROC) 곡선을 조작 수신기를 사용하여 분할 손 지수에 대한 최적의 진단 컷오프 값을 결정한다. ALS 및 신경근 장애 환자 유래의 SI 값에 대한 감도 (y 축)과 1 - specificty (x-축)을 플롯하여 ROC 곡선을 도출. </li></ol>

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저자가 공개하는 게 없다.

본 연구는 ALS, 새로운 신경 생리 학적 진단 바이오 마커의 분할 색인 손의 진단 유틸리티에보고합니다. SI는 안정적으로 5.2의 최적의 진단 컷 - 오프 값으로, 신경 근육 질환에서 ALS를 구별. SI의 감소는 사지 발병 ALS 환자에서 가장 눈에 띄는했다. 중요한 것은, 최근에 개발 된 진단 기준 11에 따라 진단 &quot;가능&quot;으로 분류 된 ALS 환자의 상당한 비율이 비정상적인 SI를 보였다. 이와 함께,...

분할 손, 공이 오는 근육의 상대적인 보존과, 고유 손 근육의 thenar 복잡한 그룹 [외전 장 무지 브레비스 (APB)과 최초의 지느러미 뼈 사이 (FDI)]의 우선 위축을 의미하며, 근 위축성의 특정 및 초기 임상 기능입니다 측삭 경화증 (ALS) 1-4. 분할 손 기호가 ALS에 대한 구체적인 것을 발견, ALS 3 진단 바이오 마커로 분할 손 기호에 대한 잠재적 인 역할을 제안합니다. 분할 손 기호의 정량화는 새로운 신경 생리 학적 바이오 마커의 개발을 통해, ALS의 진단에 도움을 발전 할 수 있습니다. 특히, 분할 손 현상을 정량화 분할 손 지수 (SI)는, 복합 근육 활동 전위 (CMAP)을 곱해 계산됩니다의 thenar 복잡한 근육 (APB와 FDI)에 기록하고, CMAP 진폭이 상품을 나누어 진폭 HYP에 기록othenar 근육 (즉 외전 minimi, ADM) 5. ALS의 진단은 6 서명 상하 운동 신경의 조합을 포괄하는 임상 적 기준에 근거 크게 의존한다. 이러한 기준은, 그러나, 특히 질병 공정 7-10의 초기 단계에서 ALS의 진단을 확립 구분하지 않는 것으로 간주 하였다. 진단 기준의 최근의 변형 예 (11)를 개발하고, 이러한 조건이 진단 감도에게 12-16을 증가시키는 것처럼 보이지만 증가 감도 안구 발병 ALS 환자 (15)에 제한 보인다 하였다. pathognomonic 시험의 부재에서, ALS의 진단은 크게 8 지연 될 수있다. 궁극적으로, 임상 시험에 신경 치료 및 모집 기관은 아마도 중요한 치료 창 기간 9, 17 일 이상 지연 될 수 있습니다. 따라서SI의 진단 유틸리티를 전향 적으로 산발적 인 ALS 환자에서 평가되었다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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			<td style="width:120px;"></td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:203px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Abrasive gel (Nu Prep)</td>
			<td>Weaver and Company</td>
			<td>N-TA\/P\H-3 ENG</td>
			<td>Skin preperation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;"></td>
			<td colspan="2">(www.doweaver.com)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Alcohol wipe</td>
			<td>Triad Disposables</td>
			<td>103101</td>
			<td>Skin preperation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;"></td>
			<td colspan="2">(www.triad-group.net)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Recording gel (Ten20 Conductive gel)</td>
			<td>Weaver and Company</td>
			<td>N-TA\/P\H-3 ENG</td>
			<td>Recording motor responses</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;"></td>
			<td colspan="2">(www.doweaver.com)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis rating scale-revised questionnaire</td>
			<td>Publication&#160;</td>
			<td>Experimental builder</td>
			<td>Stage disease</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;"></td>
			<td colspan="2">(see Methods and References)</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Medical Research Council muscle strength scale</td>
			<td>Medical Research Council-UK</td>
			<td>Experimental builder</td>
			<td>Stage disease</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;"></td>
			<td colspan="2">(see Methods and References)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td colspan="2" height="20" style="height:20px;">Table of equipment used</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Name of the equipment used</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Nerve conduction machine (Synergy/Nicolet EDX)</td>
			<td>CareFusion (www.carefusion.com/medical-products/neurology)</td>
			<td>SA110106M</td>
			<td>To measure split hand index</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Synergy software</td>
			<td>CareFusion</td>
			<td>765654679</td>
			<td>To measure split hand index</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;"></td>
			<td colspan="3">(www.carefusion.com/medical-products/neurology)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Tem millimeter gold cup disc electrodes</td>
			<td>Grass Technologies</td>
			<td>F-E5GH-60</td>
			<td>To record motor responses</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;"></td>
			<td colspan="2">(www.grasstechnologies.com)</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Neural earth plate</td>
			<td>Westmead Hospital</td>
			<td>Experimental builder</td>
			<td>To record limb temperature</td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Thermometer</td>
			<td>Westmead Hospital</td>
			<td>Experimental builder</td>
			<td>To record limb temperature</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

utility of dissociated intrinsic hand muscle atrophy in the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

분할 손 현상의 thenar 근육의 주된 낭비를 의미하며, 근 위축성 측삭 경화증 (ALS)의 초기 및 특정 기능입니다. 새로운 분할 손 지수 (SI)는 분할 손 현상을 정량화하기 위해 개발 된, 그 진단 유틸리티는 ALS 환자에서 평가되었다. 분할 색인 손이 복합 근육 활동 전위 (CMAP)의 제품을 나누어 파생 된 외전 minimi 근육에 기록 된 CMAP 진폭에 의해 외전 장 무지 브레비스 먼저 등쪽 뼈 사이의 근육에 기록 된 진폭. 분할 색인 손의 진단 실용성을 평가하기 위해, ALS 환자 전향 평가했다 그들의 결과는 신경근 장애 환자와 비교 하​​였다. 신경근 장애 환자 (P &lt;0.0001)에 비해 분할 손 지수는 ALS에서 상당히 감소되었다. 사지 발병 ALS 환자는 분할 손 지수에서 가장 큰 감소하고 값을 나타내기타 신경 근육 질환에서 5.2 이하로 안정적으로 차별화 된 ALS의. 따라서, 분할 손 지수는 아마도 초기 진단을 촉진, 루게릭 병에 대한 새로운 진단 바이오 마커로 나타납니다.

임상 표현형 총 44 ALS 환자는 76 % (N = 33) 가능 ALS로 명확한 또는 가능성이 24 % (N = 11)으로 분류 된 아와 지 기준 11에 따라 그 중, 공부했다. 광범위한 조사와 최대 3 년 동안 53 %에 대한 임상 적 추적 관찰이 기간 중에 사망 후 ALS의 진단은 &quot;가능&quot;코호트 연구에서 확인되었다. 안구 발병 질환은 41 %에 분명했다, 동안 ALS 환자의 59 %에서 사지 개시. 평가의 시점?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis at JoVE.com

Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

고유 손 근육의 해리 위축, 분할 손이라고, 근 위축성 측삭 경화증 (ALS)의 특정 기능이 나타납니다. 따라서, 새로운 neurodiagnostic 시험은 모방 질환 ALS 차별화 분할 손의 임상 현상을 정량화하기 위해 개발 된, 분할 색인 손이라고.

루게릭 병의 진단에 해리 고유 손 근육 위축의 유틸리티

The split hand phenomenon refers to predominant wasting of thenar muscles and is an early and specific feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A ...

utility-dissociated-intrinsic-hand-muscle-atrophy-diagnosis

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

31.2K 조회수.  Westmead Hospital.  고유 손 근육의 해리 위축, 분할 손이라고, 근 위축성 측삭 경화증 (ALS)의 특정 기능이 나타납니다. 따라서, 새로운 neurodiagnostic 시험은 모방 질환 ALS 차별화 분할 손의 임상 현상을 정량화하기 위해 개발 된, 분할 색인 손이라고. 

비디오: Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

A Protocol for Comprehensive Assessment of Bulbar Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Improved methods for assessing bulbar impairment are necessary for expediting diagnosis of bulbar dysfunction in ALS, for predicting disease progression across speech subsystems, and for addressing the critical need for sensitive outcome measures for ongoing experimental treatment trials. To address this need, we are obtaining longitudinal profiles of bulbar impairment in 100 individuals based on a comprehensive instrumentation-based assessment that yield objective measures. Using instrumental approaches to quantify speech-related behaviors is very important in a field that has primarily relied on subjective, auditory-perceptual forms of speech assessment1. Our assessment protocol measures performance across all of the speech subsystems, which include respiratory, phonatory (laryngeal), resonatory (velopharyngeal), and articulatory. The articulatory subsystem is divided into the facial components (jaw and lip), and the tongue. Prior research has suggested that each speech subsystem responds differently to neurological diseases such as ALS. The current protocol is designed to test the performance of each speech subsystem as independently from other subsystems as possible. The speech subsystems are evaluated in the context of more global changes to speech performance. These speech system level variables include speaking rate and intelligibility of speech.
The protocol requires specialized instrumentation, and commercial and custom software. The respiratory, phonatory, and resonatory subsystems are evaluated using pressure-flow (aerodynamic) and acoustic methods. The articulatory subsystem is assessed using 3D motion tracking techniques. The objective measures that are used to quantify bulbar impairment have been well established in the speech literature and show sensitivity to changes in bulbar function with disease progression. The result of the assessment is a comprehensive, across-subsystem performance profile for each participant. The profile, when compared to the same measures obtained from healthy controls, is used for diagnostic purposes. Currently, we are testing the sensitivity and specificity of these measures for diagnosis of ALS and for predicting the rate of disease progression. In the long term, the more refined endophenotype of bulbar ALS derived from this work is expected to strengthen future efforts to identify the genetic loci of ALS and improve diagnostic and treatment specificity of the disease as a whole. The objective assessment that is demonstrated in this video may be used to assess a broad range of speech motor impairments, including those related to stroke, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson disease.

A Protocol for Comprehensive Assessment of Bulbar Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ALS

Objective assessments of the physiological mechanisms that support speech are needed to monitor disease onset and progression in persons with ALS and to quantify treatment effects in clinical trials. In this video, we present a comprehensive, instrumentation-based protocol for quantifying speech motor performance in clinical populations.

루게릭병에 안구 장애의 종합 평가 (ALS)에 대한 프로토콜

Improved methods for assessing bulbar impairment are necessary for expediting diagnosis of bulbar dysfunction in ALS, for predicting disease progression ...

연구

의학

Intraspinal Cell Transplantation for Targeting Cervical Ventral Horn in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

Respiratory compromise due to phrenic motor neuron loss is a debilitating consequence of a large proportion of human traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) cases 1 and is the ultimate cause of death in patients with the motor neuron disorder, amyotrophic laterals sclerosis (ALS) 2.
ALS is a devastating neurological disorder that is characterized by relatively rapid degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. Patients ultimately succumb to the disease on average 2-5 years following diagnosis because of respiratory paralysis due to loss of phrenic motor neuron innnervation of the diaphragm 3. The vast majority of cases are sporadic, while 10% are of the familial form. Approximately twenty percent of familial cases are linked to various point mutations in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene on chromosome 21 4. Transgenic mice 4,5 and rats 6 carrying mutant human SOD1 genes (G93A, G37R, G86R, G85R) have been generated, and, despite the existence of other animal models of motor neuron loss, are currently the most highly used models of the disease.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a heterogeneous set of conditions resulting from physical trauma to the spinal cord, with functional outcome varying according to the type, location and severity of the injury 7. Nevertheless, approximately half of human SCI cases affect cervical regions, resulting in debilitating respiratory dysfunction due to phrenic motor neuron loss and injury to descending bulbospinal respiratory axons 1. A number of animal models of SCI have been developed, with the most commonly used and clinically-relevant being the contusion 8.
Transplantation of various classes of neural precursor cells (NPCs) is a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of traumatic CNS injuries and neurodegeneration, including ALS and SCI, because of the ability to replace lost or dysfunctional CNS cell types, provide neuroprotection, and deliver gene factors of interest 9.
Animal models of both ALS and SCI can model many clinically-relevant aspects of these diseases, including phrenic motor neuron loss and consequent respiratory compromise 10,11. In order to evaluate the efficacy of NPC-based strategies on respiratory function in these animal models of ALS and SCI, cellular interventions must be specifically directed to regions containing therapeutically relevant targets such as phrenic motor neurons. We provide a detailed protocol for multi-segmental, intraspinal transplantation of NPCs into the cervical spinal cord ventral gray matter of neurodegenerative models such as SOD1G93A mice and rats, as well as spinal cord injured rats and mice 11.

Neural precursor transplantation is a promising strategy for protecting and/or replacing lost/dysfunctional cervical phrenic motor neurons in spinal cord injury (SCI) and the motor neuron disorder, amyotrophic laterals sclerosis (ALS). We provide a protocol for cell delivery to cervical spinal cord ventral horn in rodent models of ALS and SCI.

루게릭병과 외상 척수 상해에서 자궁암 복부 호른를 타겟팅하는 Intraspinal 세포 이식

Respiratory compromise due to phrenic motor neuron loss is a debilitating consequence of a large proportion of human traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) ...

Clinical Testing and Spinal Cord Removal in a Mouse Model for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder resulting in progressive degeneration of motoneurons. Peak of onset is around 60 years for the sporadic disease and around 50 years for the familial disease. Due to its progressive course, 50% of the patients die within 30 months of symptom onset. In order to evaluate novel treatment options for this disease, genetic mouse models of ALS have been generated based on human familial mutations in the SOD gene, such as the SOD1 (G93A) mutation. Most important aspects that have to be evaluated in the model are overall survival, clinical course and motor function. Here, we demonstrate the clinical evaluation, show the conduction of two behavioural motor tests and provide quantitative scoring systems for all parameters. Because an in depth analysis of the ALS mouse model usually requires an immunohistochemical examination of the spinal cord, we demonstrate its preparation in detail applying the dorsal laminectomy method. Exemplary histological findings are demonstrated. The comprehensive application of the depicted examination methods in studies on the mouse model of ALS will enable the researcher to reliably test future therapeutic options which can provide a basis for later human clinical trials.

Clinical Testing and Spinal Cord Removal in a Mouse Model for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ALS

A mouse model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is examined clinically and behaviorally. As a prerequisite for an accompanying immunohistological analysis the preparation of the spinal cord is depicted in detail.

루게릭병에 대한 마우스 모델 (ALS)의 임상 시험 및 척수 제거

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder resulting in progressive degeneration of motoneurons. Peak of onset is around 60 ...

Real-time Digital Imaging of Leukocyte-endothelial Interaction in Ischemia-reperfusion Injury (IRI) of the Rat Cremaster Muscle

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) has been implicated in a large array of pathological conditions such as cerebral stroke, myocardial infarction, intestinal ischemia as well as following transplant and cardiovascular surgery.1 Reperfusion of previously ischemic tissue, while essential for the prevention of irreversible tissue injury, elicits excessive inflammation of the affected tissue. Adjacent to the production of reactive oxygen species, activation of the complement system and increased microvascular permeability, the activation of leukocytes is one of the principle actors in the pathological cascade of inflammatory tissue damage during reperfusion.2, 3 Leukocyte activation is a multistep process consisting of rolling, firm adhesion and transmigration and is mediated by a complex interaction between adhesion molecules in response to chemoattractants such as complement factors, chemokines, or platelet-activating factor.4
While leukocyte rolling in postcapillary venules is predominantly mediated by the interaction of selectins5 with their counter ligands, firm adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelium is selectin-controlled via binding to intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM) and vascular cellular adhesion molecules (VCAM).6, 7 
Gold standard for the in vivo observation of leukocyte-endothelial interaction is the technique of intravital microscopy, first described in 1968.8
Though various models of IRI (ischemia-reperfusion injury) have been described for various organs, 9-12 only few are suitable for direct visualization of leukocyte recruitment in the microvascular bed on a high level of image quality.8 
We here promote the digital intravital epifluorescence microscopy of the postcapillary venule in the cremasteric microcirculation of the rat 13 as a convenient method to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze leukocyte recruitment for IRI-research in striated muscle tissue and provide a detailed manual for accomplishing the technique. We further illustrate common pitfalls and provide useful tips which should enable the reader to truly appreciate, and safely perform the method.
In a step by step protocol we depict how to get started with respiration controlled anesthesia under sufficient monitoring to keep the animal firmly anesthetized for longer periods of time. We then describe the cremasteric preparation as a thin flat sheet for outstanding optical resolution and provide a protocol for leukocyte imaging in IRI that has been well established in our laboratories.

Real-time Digital Imaging of Leukocyte-endothelial Interaction in Ischemia-reperfusion Injury IRI of the Rat Cremaster Muscle

Digital intravital epifluorescence microscopy of postcapillary venules in the cremasteric microcirculation is a convenient method to gain insights into leukocyte-endothelial interaction in vivo in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) of striated muscle tissue. We here provide a detailed protocol to safely perform the technique and discuss its applications and limitations.

쥐 Cremaster 근육의 국소 빈혈 reperfusion의 - 상해에서 백혈구 - 내피 상호 작용의 실시간 디지털 이미징 (IRI)

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) has been implicated in a large array of pathological conditions such as cerebral stroke, myocardial infarction, ...

Tibial Nerve Transection - A Standardized Model for Denervation-induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Mice

The tibial nerve transection model is a well-tolerated, validated, and reproducible model of denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in rodents. Although originally developed and used extensively in the rat due to its larger size, the tibial nerve in mice is big enough that it can be easily manipulated with either crush or transection, leaving the peroneal and sural nerve branches of the sciatic nerve intact and thereby preserving their target muscles. Thus, this model offers the advantages of inducing less morbidity and impediment of ambulation than the sciatic nerve transection model and also allows investigators to study the physiologic, cellular and molecular biologic mechanisms regulating the process of muscle atrophy in genetically engineered mice. The tibial nerve supplies the gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris muscles, so its transection permits the study of denervated skeletal muscle composed of fast twitch type II fibers and/or slow twitch type I fibers. Here we demonstrate the tibial nerve transection model in the C57Black6 mouse. We assess the atrophy of the gastrocnemius muscle, as a representative muscle, at 1, 2, and 4 weeks post-denervation by measuring muscle weights and fiber type specific cross-sectional area on paraffin-embedded histologic sections immunostained for fast twitch myosin.

The tibial nerve transection model is a well-tolerated, validated, and reproducible model of skeletal muscle atrophy. The model surgical protocol is described and demonstrated in C57Black6 mice. &#160;

경골 신경 절개 - 마우스의 탈 신경에 의한 골격근의 위축에 대한 표준 모델

The tibial nerve transection model is a well-tolerated, validated, and reproducible model of denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in rodents. ...

High-throughput Flow Cytometry Cell-based Assay to Detect Antibodies to N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor or Dopamine-2 Receptor in Human Serum

Over the recent years, antibodies against surface and conformational proteins involved in neurotransmission have been detected in autoimmune CNS diseases in children and adults. These antibodies have been used to guide diagnosis and treatment. Cell-based assays have improved the detection of antibodies in patient serum. They are based on the surface expression of brain antigens on eukaryotic cells, which are then incubated with diluted patient sera followed by fluorochrome-conjugated secondary antibodies. After washing, secondary antibody binding is then analyzed by flow cytometry. Our group has developed a high-throughput flow cytometry live cell-based assay to reliably detect antibodies against specific neurotransmitter receptors. This flow cytometry method is straight forward, quantitative, efficient, and the use of a high-throughput sampler system allows for large patient cohorts to be easily assayed in a short space of time. Additionally, this cell-based assay can be easily adapted to detect antibodies to many different antigenic targets, both from the central nervous system and periphery. Discovering additional novel antibody biomarkers will enable prompt and accurate diagnosis and improve treatment of immune-mediated disorders.

Over the recent years, live cell-based assays have been used successfully to detect antibodies against surface and conformational antigens. Here, we describe a method using high-throughput flow cytometry enabling the analysis of large cohorts of patients. Detection of novel antibodies will improve diagnosis and treatment of immune-mediated disorders.

인간 혈청에있는 N-메틸-D-아스파 라진 산염 수용체 또는 도파민 2 수용체에 대한 항체를 검출하는 높은 처리량 유동 세포 계측법 세포 기반 분석

Over the recent years, antibodies against surface and conformational proteins involved in neurotransmission have been detected in autoimmune CNS diseases ...

Ischemic Tissue Injury in the Dorsal Skinfold Chamber of the Mouse: A Skin Flap Model to Investigate Acute Persistent Ischemia

Despite profound expertise and advanced surgical techniques, ischemia-induced complications ranging from wound breakdown to extensive tissue necrosis are still occurring, particularly in reconstructive flap surgery. Multiple experimental flap models have been developed to analyze underlying causes and mechanisms and to investigate treatment strategies to prevent ischemic complications. The limiting factor of most models is the lacking possibility to directly and repetitively visualize microvascular architecture and hemodynamics. The goal of the protocol was to present a well-established mouse model affiliating these before mentioned lacking elements. Harder et al. have developed a model of a musculocutaneous flap with a random perfusion pattern that undergoes acute persistent ischemia and results in ~50% necrosis after 10 days if kept untreated. With the aid of intravital epi-fluorescence microscopy, this chamber model allows repetitive visualization of morphology and hemodynamics in different regions of interest over time. Associated processes such as apoptosis, inflammation, microvascular leakage and angiogenesis can be investigated and correlated to immunohistochemical and molecular protein assays. To date, the model has proven feasibility and reproducibility in several published experimental studies investigating the effect of pre-, peri- and postconditioning of ischemically challenged tissue.

The window of the murine dorsal skinfold chamber presented visualizes a zone of acute persistent ischemia of a musculocutaneous flap. Intravital epi-fluorescence microscopy permits for direct and repetitive assessment of the microvasculature and quantification of hemodynamics. Morphologic and hemodynamic results can further be correlated with histological and molecular analyses.

마우스의 등쪽 피하 지방 상공 회의소에서 허혈성 조직 손상 : 피부 플랩 모델은 급성 영구 허혈을 조사하기

Despite profound expertise and advanced surgical techniques, ischemia-induced complications ranging from wound breakdown to extensive tissue necrosis are ...

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

Unilateral facial paralysis is a common disease that is associated with significant functional, aesthetic and psychological issues. Though idiopathic facial paralysis (Bell&#8217;s palsy) is the most common diagnosis, patients can also present with a history of physical trauma, infectious disease, tumor, or iatrogenic facial paralysis. Early repair within one year of injury can be achieved by direct nerve repair, cross-face nerve grafting or regional nerve transfer. It is due to muscle atrophy that in long lasting facial paralysis complex reconstructive methods have to be applied. Instead of one single procedure, different surgical approaches have to be considered to alleviate the various components of the paralysis.
The reconstruction of a spontaneous dynamic smile with a symmetric resting tone is a crucial factor to overcome the functional deficits and the social handicap that are associated with facial paralysis. Although numerous surgical techniques have been described, a two-stage approach with an initial cross-facial nerve grafting followed by a free functional muscle transfer is most frequently applied. In selected patients however, a single-stage reconstruction using the motor nerve to the masseter as donor nerve is superior to a two-stage repair. The gracilis muscle is most commonly used for reconstruction, as it presents with a constant anatomy, a simple dissection and minimal donor site morbidity.
Here we demonstrate the pre-operative work-up, the post-operative management, and precisely describe the surgical procedure of single-stage microsurgical reconstruction of the smile by free functional gracilis muscle transfer in a step by step protocol. We further illustrate common pitfalls and provide useful tips which should enable the reader to truly comprehend the procedure. We further discuss indications and limitations of the technique and demonstrate representative results.

The use of the masseteric nerve as donor nerve represents a single-stage alternative to the criterion standard two-stage procedure of cross-facial nerve grafting and free muscle transfer in facial paralysis. We provide a detailed description to safely perform this technique with a gracilis muscle transfer and discuss indications and limitations.

무료 기능 근육 전송하여 돌이킬 수없는 안면 마비의 미소의 단일 단계 동적 소생

Unilateral facial paralysis is a common disease that is associated with significant functional, aesthetic and psychological issues. Though idiopathic ...

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

This report describes a novel Stata-based application of trigonometric regression modelling to 55 years of multiple sclerosis relapse data from 46 clinical centers across 20 countries located in both hemispheres. Central to the success of this method was the strategic use of plot analysis to guide and corroborate the statistical regression modelling. Initial plot analysis was necessary for establishing realistic hypotheses regarding the presence and structural form of seasonal and latitudinal influences on relapse probability and then testing the performance of the resultant models. Trigonometric regression was then necessary to quantify these relationships, adjust for important confounders and provide a measure of certainty as to how plausible these associations were. Synchronization of graphing techniques with regression modelling permitted a systematic refinement of models until best-fit convergence was achieved, enabling novel inferences to be made regarding the independent influence of both season and latitude in predicting relapse onset timing in MS. These methods have the potential for application across other complex disease and epidemiological phenomena suspected or known to vary systematically with season and/or geographic location.

Combining plot analysis with trigonometric regression is a robust method for exploring complex, cyclical phenomena such as relapse onset timing in multiple sclerosis (MS). This method enabled unbiased characterisation of seasonal trends in relapse onset permitting novel inferences around the influence of seasonal variation, ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and latitude.

다발성 경화증 재발 데이터로 입증 된 계절 변화의 삼각 모델링하는 방법

This report describes a novel Stata-based application of trigonometric regression modelling to  55 years of multiple sclerosis relapse data from 46 ...

Design, Fabrication, and Administration of the Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe)

The concept of personalizing neurologic rehabilitation, based on individual impairments, has experienced a recent surge. In parallel, the number of outcome measures of upper extremity motor performance has grown. However, clinicians and researchers lack practical, quantitative measures of the hand&#8217;s natural role as a receptor of the environment. The Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe), developed by Williams and colleagues in 2006, is a valid and reliable measure of haptic performance. Though not available commercially, the HASTe can be fabricated from inexpensive materials, and it has been used successfully to identify impairments in haptic touch in individuals with stroke. (Williams, 2006). This paper presents the methods of design and fabrication of the HASTe testing kit, as well as a visual screen to be used during administration, and instructions for the tests administration and scoring.

Design, Fabrication, and Administration of the Hand Active Sensation Test HASTe

The Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe) is a valid and reliable measure of haptic performance, which has been used successfully to identify impaired haptic touch in individuals with stroke. The purpose of this paper is to describe the design, fabrication and administration of the HASTe.

디자인, 및 관리 손의 제작 활동 감각 테스트 (가속)

The concept of personalizing neurologic rehabilitation, based on individual impairments, has experienced a recent surge. In parallel, the number of ...