이 작품은 해군 연구의 사무실에서 제공하는 자금 지원되었다. J. 폰타나 박사 associateship의 국가 연구위원회를 인정합니다.

1. 자기 조립 리간드 나노 입자 단층 다음과 같이 거시적, 알칸 티올 - 캡핑 된 금 나노 구체 단층 필름 생산하는 자기 조립 기법의 예시적인 예로서 : <ol><li> 물에 10 ~ 13 입자 / ㎖ (10 ~ 12 입자 / ㎖ 번호 밀도 시중에서 구입 가능) 15 nm의 금 나노를 집중한다. <ol><li> 초 원심 필터 (100 K 공칭 분자량 한계)로 희석 나노 구체 물 현탁액 15 ㎖를 놓습니다. </li><li> 단지 몇 ml의 필터 실에 남아까지 2 분 동안 4,500 XG에서 필터 / 바이알을 원심 분리기 나. </li></ol></li><li> 탈 이온 (DI) 물에 약 1 ㎖에 재현 탁 나노 구를 나노 입자 농도가 1013 입자 / ㎖가되도록. 현탁액을 한번 DI 물에 재현 탁 몇 시간 동안 안정하다. <ol><li> 수의 밀도를 확인하고 나노 입자의 하 확인집계되지했습니다. 베트 (1cm 경로 길이)에 서스펜션의 0.150 ML을 배치하여 원래의 농도에 10 분의 1 비율로 농축 된 나노 입자 현탁액을 희석하고,이에 탈 이온수의 1.35 ML을 추가합니다. </li><li> 분광계에 큐벳을 놓고 정지하고 원래 서스펜션의 흡수 스펙트럼을 측정한다. 집계가 발생하지 않은 보장하기 위해 반 최대 피크 위치와 전체 폭을 비교합니다. 두 샘플의 흡광도 피크의 크기는, 따라서, 농축 샘플은 10의 인수만큼 더 조밀 보장 대략 동일해야한다. </li></ol></li><li> 별도의 깨끗한 20 ㎖ 붕규산 유리 병에 테트라 하이드로 퓨란 (THF) 1 ㎖를 추가합니다. </li><li> THF에 티올 알칸 리간드 (1,6 - 헥산 5 ㎖를 1 - 도데 예를 들어, 5 ㎖)를 첨가하고 균일하게 혼합 용액을 흔들어. 충분한 리간드는 현탁 입자의 적어도 표면 전체 영역을 커버하기 위해 추가되어야한다. EXCESS 리간드 속도 및 반응의 효율을 증가시킨다. </li><li> 흄 후드에서 THF-리간드의 바이알에 금 나노 구를 함유하는 바이알의 내용물을 붓는다. </li><li> 빨리 뚜껑에 나사를 15 초 동안 적극적으로 병을 흔들어. </li><li> 뚜껑을 제거하고 흄 후드, 그림 1에서 아래로 병을 설정 (). 사용 된 리간드에 따라 금 나노 입자 필름의 도메인 빠르게 공기 - 액체 계면,도 1 (c)에 형성한다. 영화는 1 (d)를 그림, 유리 병의 측면을 번역하기 시작합니다. 거의 모든 나노 입자 현탁액에서 제거 티올 리간드로 출장, 1 시간, 그림 1 (E) 내에서 유리 병의 측면에 수송된다. </li></ol> 2. 이동식 기판에 단층 전송 <ol><li> 이동식 유리와 실리콘 웨이퍼 기판 상에 필름을 전송하려면 다음을 사용하여 X 25.4 mm 12.5 mm의 영역에 기판을 절단스크라이브 펜 / 휠. <ol><li> 유리 기판 : 깨끗한 이소 프로필 알코올 린스 다음에 아세톤 린스, 그리고 마지막으로 DI 물 린스를 사용. 2.2 절을 진행, 기판 건조하도록 허용합니다. </li><li> 실리콘 웨이퍼 기판 : 흄 후드에서 피라니아 용액 (: 산화제, 부식 3 파트 1 부를 30 % 과산화수소,주의에 농축 황산)을 제조 하였다. 20 ㎖ 붕규산 유리 병에 황산 15 ㎖를 놓습니다. 이 천천히 30 % 과산화수소 5 ㎖를 추가 할 수 있습니다. 유리 병 캡을하지 마십시오. 주의하십시오 혼합물은 매우 발열 성이다. 더 안전 정보 (19)에 대한 참조를 참조하십시오. </li><li> 조심스럽게, 30 분 동안 피라니아 용액에 실리콘 웨이퍼 기판을 물속에 가라 앉히다 제거, DI 물과 질소로 건조 씻어. </li><li> 선택적인 단계로서, 나노 입자 리간드 교환 및 자기 조립에 사용 바이알 유리 기판 또는 Si 상 모두 나노 입자를 강제 salinized 수licon 대신 유리 병의 벽의 웨이퍼 그렇지 않으면 2.2로 진행합니다. </li><li> 피라니아 솔루션 (주의 : 산화제, 부식)과 유리 병을 채우기, 2.1.2 절을 참조하십시오. </li><li> 유리 병은 30 분 동안 물에 담구. 30 분 후 DI 물을 유리 병을 씻어. </li><li> 아세톤, 모자, 헥사 메틸 디 실라 잔의 1 % V / V와 함께 유리 병을 채우십시오. </li><li> 밀봉 된 유리 병은 DI 물과 질소로 건조 씻어 후, 24 시간 동안 물에 담구. </li></ol></li><li> 이전 (1.6 절)을 흔들어에 유리 병에 기판을 삽입합니다. 뚜껑과 흔들림에 고정합니다. </li><li> 진탕 후 뚜껑을 제거하고, 핀셋을 이용하여, 유리 병 벽에 거의 수직 기판을 위치. </li><li> 기판 상에 코팅을 반응 혼합물에 피펫을 사용한다. 모든 유기 용매가 증발 또는 모든 나노 입자 현탁액에서 제거되었을 때 반응이 중지됩니다. </li></ol> 3. 단층 분석 <ol><li> 견적송신 및 필름의 반사 특성을 관찰함으로써 신속 단층 나노 소재의 패킹 효율성. 백색 광원 뒤에서 유리 기판에 단층을 조명. 백색 광원으로, 균일 한 컬러 필름 전송 및 반사, 그림 2에서 관찰 된 금과 같은 반사 고밀도 나노 입자 단층 막에 대한 관찰해야한다. </li><li> 단일 층에서 거시적 흡수 스펙트럼을 계량 분석 장치 (1.2.2 절 참조)를 사용하여, 그림 4. 깨끗한 유리 슬라이드와 흡수 스펙트럼을 정상화. 분광기의 빔 경로에, 유리 기판 상에, 단일 도막을 마운트하고 흡광도 스펙트럼을 수집한다. 참고 : 흡수 피크가 사용 된 리간드에 따라 크게 붉은 이동 수백 나노 미터해야한다. 흡광도 피크의 품질 계수는 묽은 현탁액의 값과 비교 될 수 있지만, 약간 B해야roadened (그림 4). 흡수 피크가 매우 광범위하거나 잘 정의되지 않은 경우 단층 필름은 추가 특성 섹션 3.3로 진행, 품질이 좋지 아마. </li><li> 도 3에 도시 된 바와 같이 (섹션 2.1.2 참조), 실리콘 웨이퍼 기판 상에 전사 단층의 주사 전자 현미경 (SEM)을 이용하여 나노 구의 나노 조직을 검사. 필름이 유리에있는 경우 기판은 필름의 한 구석에 도전성 테이프를 연결할 및 대전 방지 및 이미징을 허용하도록 SEM 대좌에 접지. </li></ol> 유기 수용성 나노 입자 4. 효율적인 단계 전송 기술 <ol><li> 반응 후, 유리 병의 바닥에 남아있는 용액을 가만히 따르다, 티올 - 리간드와 나노 입자를 기능화하기위한 효율적인 수단으로 기술을 사용하여 완료되면, 섹션 1.7 및 질소하에 바이알에 재료를 건조. </li><li> 유기 용매를 추가합니다 (예 :클로로포름, 거의 100 % 입자 상 이동 및 복구와 나노 입자를 다시 일시 중단 톨루엔). </li><li> 나노 입자는 유기 용매에 다시 정지에 집계되지 않은 수 있도록 섹션 1.2.1를 반복합니다. 흡광도 피크 일본어 현탁액에 대하여 기판 인 경우, 나노 입자,도 4를 재 분산 있도록 15 분 동안 샘플을 초음파 처리. </li></ol>

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저자가 공개하는 게 없다.

이 프로토콜은 상 이동, 상 분리 및 표면 장력 구배를 사용하여 거시적 나노 입자 - 리간드 단층 영화를 만들 수있는 하나의 &#39;하나의 냄비&#39;자기 조립 기술을 설명합니다. 이 기술의 장점은 하나의 저비용 프로세스에 세 개의 자기 조립 공정을 결합이다; 신속하고 효율적으로, 나노 입자를 전사 공기 - 유체 계면에서 단층으로 입자를 조립하고 템플릿이없는 기판 상에 단층 막을 수송성 단계적...

거시적 인 나노 입자 필름의 자기 조립은 요소 5의 형상과 구성에서 결정 자신의 고유 한 속성에 대해 큰 관심을 받고있다 및 광학 전자 및 화학 응용 프로그램 6-14의 넓은 범위로 이어질 수 있습니다. 자기 조립 등의 영화에 리간드로 덮인 금속 나노 입자는 고밀도, 단일 층으로 포장해야합니다. 그러나 몇몇 어셈블리 문제는 재료의 개발을 진행하는 해결해야. 첫째, 계면 활성제는 금속 나노 입자는 일반적으로 묽은 현탁액 (15)의 습식 화학 방법에 의해 합성 안정화. 응집을 방지하고 영화에서 나노 입자의 입자 간 간격을 제어하는​​ 나노 입자는 리간드 껍질로 덮인해야합니다. 나노 입자가 리간드로 작용 한 후 나노 입자는 일반적으로 상대적으로 희석 된 현탁액에 남아 있습니다. 기술은 그 다음이다 needed 거시적으로, 고밀도, 단층 막 (16, 17)에 나노 입자의 자기 조립. 쳉 등. (18) 상을 물 - 테트라 히드로 푸란 현탁액 티올 폴리스티렌을 사용하여 금 나노로드를 전송. 다음, 클로로포름에 현탁하고, 다시 방울 공기 - 물 계면에 배치 된 나노 막대는 단층 막을 형성 천천히 증발시켰다. Bigioni 등. 17 여분의 리간드와 빠른 용매 증발을 사용하여 도데 덮인 금 나노의 거시적 인 단일 층을 생성하지만, 나노 자기 조립하기 전에 이전 단계로했습니다. 단층 막이 형성되면 그들은 일반적으로 기판 상으로 반송 될 필요가있다. Mayya 등. 3 물 - 톨루엔 인터페이스에서 나노를 제한하고 표면 장력 구배를 사용하여 템플릿 무료 기판에 그들을 전송. 마찬가지로, 존슨 <eM&gt; 등. 다음 4 중단은 초과 리간드의 나노와 두 섞이지 않는 액체의 표면 장력 구배를 사용하여 유리 병의 벽을 나노 입자를 번역했다. 조립 기술은 더 효율적인 기술에 대한 필요성이 대규모 나노 막 제조의 개발에 도움이 필요한 각각의 문제점을 해결하기 위해 존재하지만. 여기에서 우리는도 1에 도시 한 &#39;한 냄비&#39;기술로 상술 세 자기 조립 문제를 결합한 간단하고 강력한 기술을 보여준다. 수혼 화성 유기 용매 (예 : 테트라 히드로 푸란, dimeythl 술폭 시드가)에 사용 첫번째로 신속하고 효율적으로 나노 입자 (예를 들어 금 나노 구, 나노로드 등)에 티오 리간드 (예 : 티오 알칸 티올 - 엔, 티오 페놀) 기능화. 혼합물을 거시적, 고밀도 monola으로 나노 입자의 자기 조립을 구동공기 - 유체 계면에서 YER 필름 상 분리를 사용. 마지막으로, 나노 입자의 단층 필름은 물 / 유기 용매 혼합물, 그림 2와 그림 3에서 표면 장력 구배를 사용하여 템플릿 무료 기판에 형성한다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="628">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:224px;">1-6 hexanedithiol</td>
			<td style="width:97px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">H12005-5G</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:224px;">1-dodecanethiol</td>
			<td style="width:97px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">471364-100ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:224px;">20 ml liquid scintillation vials</td>
			<td style="width:97px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Z253081-1PAK</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:25px;width:224px;">acetone</td>
			<td style="width:97px;">Sigma</td>
			<td>650501-1L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:224px;">amicon ultra-15 centrifugal filter&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:97px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">100K</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:224px;">centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:97px;">Sorvall&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">RC5B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:224px;">centrifuge&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:97px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">5810R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:224px;">deionized water&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:97px;">in-house&#39;</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:25px;width:224px;">glass slides</td>
			<td style="width:97px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">CLS294875X25-72EA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:224px;">15 nm gold nanospheres</td>
			<td style="width:97px;">Ted Pella, Inc</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">15703-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:224px;">hexamethyldisilazane</td>
			<td style="width:97px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">52619-50ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:224px;">hydrogen peroxide (30%)</td>
			<td style="width:97px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">216763-100ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:224px;">scanning electron microscope</td>
			<td style="width:97px;">Carl Zeiss</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Model 55</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:224px;">polished silicon wafer</td>
			<td style="width:97px;">Sun Edison</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:224px;">spectrometer</td>
			<td style="width:97px;">OceanOptics</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">USB4000-VIS-NIR</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:224px;">sulfuric acid</td>
			<td style="width:97px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">A300-212</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:224px;">tetrahydrofuran</td>
			<td style="width:97px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">401757-100ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a technique to functionalize and self-assemble macroscopic nanoparticle-ligand monolayer films onto template-free substrates

이 프로토콜은 리간드 - 코팅 된 나노 입자를 1, 2로 구성된 거시적 단층 필름을 생성하기 위해 자기 조립 기법을 설명한다. 간단하고 강력하고 확장 성있는 기술은 효율적으로 금 나노 입자 표면에 티올 그룹의 빠른 접목을 허용 혼화 물 / 유기 용매 혼합물에 티올 리간드와 금속 나노 입자를 functionalizes. 나노 입자의 소수성 리간드는 빠르게 위상 수계 현탁액으로부터 나노 입자를 분리하고 공기 - 액체 인터페이스에 국한. 이는 공기 - 유체 계면에서 단층 도메인을 형성하는 리간드 - 캡핑 된 나노 입자를 구동한다. 이 템플릿이없는 기판 상에 인터페이스에서 나노 입자의 반송을 가능으로 수혼 화성 유기 용매의 사용은 중요하다. 흐름은 표면 장력 구배 (3, 4)에 의해 중재 및 거시적, 고밀도, 단층 nanop을 연출기사 - 리간드 영화. 이러한 자기 조립 기법은 상이한 조성, 크기의 입자의 사용을 포함하고, 트레이닝 및 대폭적인 애플리케이션을위한 저비용, 거시적, 고밀도, 단층 나노 입자 필름을 생성하기 위해 효율적인 조립 방법을 초래할 수 일반화 될 수있다 .

도 1 (a) 혼합 후 바로 금 나노 구체, 티오 알칸 리간드, 테트라 히드로 푸란, 유리관에서 물의 현탁액을 나타낸다. 세 가지 주요 자기 조립 단계의 개략도, 상 전이, 상분리하고, 표면 장력 구배 매개 막 수송은도 1에 도시되어있다 (b) 유리 병의 측면 근처의 공기 - 유체 계면에서의 확대보기로. 리간드의 티올 그룹은 빠른 속도로 혼합 이온...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Technique to Functionalize and Self-assemble Macroscopic Nanoparticle-ligand Monolayer Films onto Template-free Substrates at JoVE.com

A Technique to Functionalize and Self-assemble Macroscopic Nanoparticle-ligand Monolayer Films onto Template-free Substrates

템플릿 무료 기판에 거시적 인 나노 입자 - 리간드 단층 영화를 기능화 및 자기 조립, 단순 강력하고 확장 성있는 기술은이 프로토콜에 설명되어 있습니다.

템플릿이없는 기판에 육안 나노 입자 - 리간드 단층 필름을 기능화 및 자기 조립 기술

This protocol describes a self-assembly technique to create macroscopic monolayer films composed of ligand-coated nanoparticles1,2. The simple, robust and ...

a-technique-to-functionalize-self-assemble-macroscopic-nanoparticle

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

10.8K 조회수.  Naval Research Laboratory.  템플릿 무료 기판에 거시적 인 나노 입자 - 리간드 단층 영화를 기능화 및 자기 조립, 단순 강력하고 확장 성있는 기술은이 프로토콜에 설명되어 있습니다. 

비디오: A Technique to Functionalize and Self-assemble Macroscopic Nanoparticle-ligand Monolayer Films onto Template-free Substrates

Covalent Binding of BMP-2 on Surfaces Using a Self-assembled Monolayer Approach

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is a growth factor embedded in the extracellular matrix of bone tissue. BMP-2 acts as trigger of mesenchymal cell differentiation into osteoblasts, thus stimulating healing and de novo bone formation. The clinical use of recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) in conjunction with scaffolds has raised recent controversies, based on the mode of presentation and the amount to be delivered. The protocol presented here provides a simple and efficient way to deliver BMP-2 for in vitro studies on cells. We describe how to form a self-assembled monolayer consisting of a heterobifunctional linker, and show the subsequent binding step to obtain covalent immobilization of rhBMP-2. With this approach it is possible to achieve a sustained presentation of BMP-2 while maintaining the biological activity of the protein. In fact, the surface immobilization of BMP-2 allows targeted investigations by preventing unspecific adsorption, while reducing the amount of growth factor and, most notably, hindering uncontrolled release from the surface. Both short- and long-term signaling events triggered by BMP-2 are taking place when cells are exposed to surfaces presenting covalently immobilized rhBMP-2, making this approach suitable for in vitro studies on cell responses to BMP-2 stimulation.

We describe a method for accomplishing efficient immobilization of BMP-2 on surfaces. Our approach is based on the formation of a self-assembled monolayer to achieve the covalent binding of BMP-2 via its free amine residues. This method is a useful tool to study signaling at the cell membrane.

공유 결합은 자기 조립 단분자막의 접근 방식을 사용하여 표면에 BMP-2의 결합

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is a growth factor embedded in the extracellular matrix of bone tissue. BMP-2 acts as trigger of mesenchymal cell ...

연구

화학

Towards Biomimicking Wood: Fabricated Free-standing Films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a Synthetic Polycation

Woody materials are comprised of plant cell walls that contain a layered secondary cell wall composed of structural polymers of polysaccharides and lignin. Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process which relies on the assembly of oppositely charged molecules from aqueous solutions was used to build a freestanding composite film of isolated wood polymers of lignin and oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC). To facilitate the assembly of these negatively charged polymers, a positively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(diallyldimethylammomium chloride) (PDDA), was used as a linking layer to create this simplified model cell wall. The layered adsorption process was studied quantitatively using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and ellipsometry. The results showed that layer mass/thickness per adsorbed layer increased as a function of total number of layers. The surface coverage of the adsorbed layers was studied with atomic force microscopy (AFM). Complete coverage of the surface with lignin in all the deposition cycles was found for the system, however, surface coverage by NFC increased with the number of layers. The adsorption process was carried out for 250 cycles (500 bilayers) on a cellulose acetate (CA) substrate. Transparent free-standing LBL assembled nanocomposite films were obtained when the CA substrate was later dissolved in acetone. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fractured cross-sections showed a lamellar structure, and the thickness per adsorption cycle (PDDA-Lignin-PDDA-NC) was estimated to be 17 nm for two different lignin types used in the study. The data indicates a film with highly controlled architecture where nanocellulose and lignin are spatially deposited on the nanoscale (a polymer-polymer nanocomposites), similar to what is observed in the native cell wall.

The objective of this research was to form synthetic plant cell wall tissue using layer-by-layer assembly of nanocellulose fibrils and isolated lignin assembled from dilute aqueous suspensions.&#160; Surface measurement techniques of quartz crystal microbalance and atomic force microscopy were used to monitor the formation of the polymer-polymer nanocomposite material.

Nanocellulose, 리그닌의 날조 된 자립형 필름, 및 합성 폴리 양이온 : Biomimicking 나무를 향하여

Woody materials are comprised of plant cell walls that contain a layered secondary cell wall composed of structural polymers of polysaccharides and ...

Atomically Defined Templates for Epitaxial Growth of Complex Oxide Thin Films

Atomically defined substrate surfaces are prerequisite for the epitaxial growth of complex oxide thin films. In this protocol, two approaches to obtain such surfaces are described. The first approach is the preparation of single terminated perovskite SrTiO3 (001) and DyScO3 (110) substrates. Wet etching was used to selectively remove one of the two possible surface terminations, while an annealing step was used to increase the smoothness of the surface. The resulting single terminated surfaces allow for the heteroepitaxial growth of perovskite oxide thin films with high crystalline quality and well-defined interfaces between substrate and film. In the second approach, seed layers for epitaxial film growth on arbitrary substrates were created by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition of nanosheets. As model system Ca2Nb3O10- nanosheets were used, prepared by delamination of their layered parent compound HCa2Nb3O10. A key advantage of creating seed layers with nanosheets is that relatively expensive and size-limited single crystalline substrates can be replaced by virtually any substrate material.

Various procedures are outlined to prepare atomically defined templates for epitaxial growth of complex oxide thin films. Chemical treatments of single crystalline SrTiO3 (001) and DyScO3 (110) substrates were performed to obtain atomically smooth, single terminated surfaces. Ca2 Nb3 O10- nanosheets were used to create atomically defined templates on arbitrary substrates.

복합 산화물 박막의 에피 택셜 성장을위한 원자 적으로 정의 된 템플릿

Atomically defined substrate surfaces are prerequisite for the epitaxial growth of complex oxide thin films. In this protocol, two approaches to obtain ...

Fabrication of Large-area Free-standing Ultrathin Polymer Films

This procedure describes a method for the fabrication of large-area and ultrathin free-standing polymer films. Typically, ultrathin films are prepared using either sacrificial layers, which may damage the film or affect its mechanical properties, or they are made on freshly cleaved mica, a substrate that is difficult to scale. Further, the size of ultrathin film is typically limited to a few square millimeters. In this method, we modify a surface with a polyelectrolyte that alters the strength of adhesion between polymer and deposition substrate. The polyelectrolyte can be shown to remain on the wafer using spectroscopy, and a treated wafer can be used to produce multiple films, indicating that at best minimal amounts of the polyelectrolyte are added to the film. The process has thus far been shown to be limited in scalability only by the size of the coating equipment, and is expected to be readily scalable to industrial processes. In this study, the protocol for making the solutions, preparing the deposition surface, and producing the films is described.

We describe a method for the fabrication of large-area (up to 13 cm diameter) and ultrathin (as thin as 8 nm) polymer films. Instead of using a sacrificial interlayer to delaminate the film from its substrate, we use a self-limiting surface treatment suitable for arbitrarily large areas.

대 면적의 제작은 초박막 고분자 필름을 무료 서

This procedure describes a method for the fabrication of large-area and ultrathin free-standing polymer films.  Typically, ultrathin films are prepared ...

Preparation of Mica and Silicon Substrates for DNA Origami Analysis and Experimentation

The designed nature and controlled, one-pot synthesis of DNA origami provides exciting opportunities in many fields, particularly nanoelectronics. Many of these applications require interaction with and adhesion of DNA nanostructures to a substrate. Due to its atomically flat and easily cleaned nature, mica has been the substrate of choice for DNA origami experiments. However, the practical applications of mica are relatively limited compared to those of semiconductor substrates. For this reason, a straightforward, stable, and repeatable process for DNA origami adhesion on derivatized silicon oxide is presented here. To promote the adhesion of DNA nanostructures to silicon oxide surface, a self-assembled monolayer of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) is deposited from an aqueous solution that is compatible with many photoresists. The substrate must be cleaned of all organic and metal contaminants using Radio Corporation of America (RCA) cleaning processes and the native oxide layer must be etched to ensure a flat, functionalizable surface. Cleanrooms are equipped with facilities for silicon cleaning, however many components of DNA origami buffers and solutions are often not allowed in them due to contamination concerns. This manuscript describes the set-up and protocol for in-lab, small-scale silicon cleaning for researchers who do not have access to a cleanroom or would like to incorporate processes that could cause contamination of a cleanroom CMOS clean bench. Additionally, variables for regulating coverage are discussed and how to recognize and avoid common sample preparation problems is described.

Reproducible cleaning processes for substrates used in DNA origami research are described, including bench-top RCA cleaning and derivatization of silicon oxide. Protocols for surface preparation, DNA origami deposition, drying parameters, and simple experimental set-ups are illustrated.

DNA 종이 접기 분석 및 실험에 대한 운모와 실리콘 기판의 제조

The designed nature and controlled, one-pot synthesis of DNA origami provides exciting opportunities in many fields, particularly nanoelectronics. Many of ...

Cooling Rate Dependent Ellipsometry Measurements to Determine the Dynamics of Thin Glassy Films

This report aims to fully describe the experimental technique of using ellipsometry for cooling rate dependent Tg (CR-Tg) experiments. These measurements are simple high-throughput characterization experiments, which can determine the glass transition temperature (Tg), average dynamics, fragility and the expansion coefficient of the super-cooled liquid and glassy states for a variety of glassy materials. This technique allows for these parameters to be measured in a single experiment, while other methods must combine a variety of different techniques to investigate all of these properties. Measurements of dynamics close to Tg are particularly challenging. The advantage of cooling rate dependent Tg measurements over other methods which directly probe bulk and surface relaxation dynamics is that they are relatively quick and simple experiments, which do not utilize fluorophores or other complicated experimental techniques. Furthermore, this technique probes the average dynamics of technologically relevant thin films in temperature and relaxation time (&#964;&#945;) regimes relevant to the glass transition (&#964;&#945; &#62; 100 sec). The limitation to using ellipsometry for cooling rate dependent Tg experiments is that it cannot probe relaxation times relevant to measurements of viscosity (&#964;&#945; &#60;&#60; 1 sec). Other cooling rate dependent Tg measurement techniques, however, can extend the CR-Tg method to faster relaxation times. Furthermore, this technique can be used for any glassy system so long as the integrity of the film remains throughout the experiment.

Here, we present a protocol for cooling rate dependent ellipsometry experiments, which can determine the glass transition temperature (Tg), average dynamics, fragility and the expansion coefficient of the super-cooled liquid and glass for a variety of glassy materials.

속도 종속 엘립 소메 트리 측정 냉각 얇은 유리 필름의 역학을 확인하는

This report aims to fully describe the experimental technique of using ellipsometry for cooling rate dependent Tg (CR-Tg) experiments. These measurements ...

Deacetylation Assays to Unravel the Interplay between Sirtuins (SIRT2) and Specific Protein-substrates

Acetylation has emerged as an important post-translational modification (PTM) regulating a plethora of cellular processes and functions. This is further supported by recent findings in high-resolution mass spectrometry based proteomics showing that many new proteins and sites within these proteins can be acetylated. However the identity of the enzymes regulating these proteins and sites is often unknown. Among these enzymes, sirtuins, which belong to the class III histone lysine deacetylases, have attracted great interest as enzymes regulating the acetylome under different physiological or pathophysiological conditions. Here we describe methods to link SIRT2, the cytoplasmic sirtuin, with its substrates including both in vitro and in vivo deacetylation assays. These assays can be applied in studies focused on other members of the sirtuin family to unravel the specific role of sirtuins and are necessary in order to establish the regulatory interplay of specific deacetylases with their substrates as a first step to better understand the role of protein acetylation. Furthermore, such assays can be used to distinguish functional acetylation sites on a protein from what may be non-regulatory acetylated lysines, as well as to examine the interplay between a deacetylase and its substrate in a physiological context.

Deacetylation Assays to Unravel the Interplay between Sirtuins SIRT2 and Specific Protein-substrates

This protocol describes the required steps to execute in vitro and in vivo deacetylation assays in order to establish the role of proteins as specific deacetylation substrates for sirtuins and further study the role of reversible - lysine acetylation as a post-translational modification.

탈 아세틸 화 분석법은 시르 투 인 사이의 상호 작용 (SIRT2) 및 특정 단백질 기판을 해명

Acetylation has emerged as an important post-translational modification (PTM) regulating a plethora of cellular processes and functions. This is further ...

Capillary Electrophoresis to Monitor Peptide Grafting onto Chitosan Films in Real Time

Free-solution capillary electrophoresis (CE) separates analytes, generally charged compounds in solution through the application of an electric field. Compared to other analytical separation techniques, such as chromatography, CE is cheap, robust and effectively requires no sample preparation (for a number of complex natural matrices or polymeric samples). CE is fast and can be used to follow the evolution of mixtures in real time (e.g., chemical reaction kinetics), as the signals observed for the separated compounds are directly proportional to their quantity in solution.
Here, the efficiency of CE is demonstrated for monitoring the covalent grafting of peptides onto chitosan films for subsequent biomedical applications. Chitosan&#39;s antimicrobial and biocompatible properties make it an attractive material for biomedical applications such as cell growth substrates. Covalently grafting the peptide RGDS (arginine - glycine - aspartic acid - serine) onto the surface of chitosan films aims at improving cell attachment. Historically, chromatography and amino acid analysis have been used to provide a direct measurement of the amount of grafted peptide. However, the fast separation and absence of sample preparation provided by CE enables equally accurate yet real-time monitoring of the peptide grafting process. CE is able to separate and quantify the different components of the reaction mixture: the (non-grafted) peptide and the chemical coupling agents. In this way the use of CE results in improved films for downstream applications.
The chitosan films were characterized through solid-state NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy. This technique is more time-consuming and cannot be applied in real time, but yields a direct measurement of the peptide and thus validates the CE technique.

Free solution capillary electrophoresis is a fast, cheap and robust analytical method that enables the quantitative monitoring of chemical reactions in real time. Its utility for rapid, convenient and precise analysis is demonstrated here through analysis of covalent peptide grafting onto chitosan films for improved cell adhesion.

모세관 전기 영동은 실시간으로 키토산 필름에 펩타이드 접목을 모니터링하는

Free-solution capillary electrophoresis (CE) separates analytes, generally charged compounds in solution through the application of an electric field. ...

Reactive Vapor Deposition of Conjugated Polymer Films on Arbitrary Substrates

We demonstrate a method of conformally coating conjugated polymers on arbitrary substrates using a custom-designed, low-pressure reaction chamber. Conductive polymers, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (PProDOT), and a semiconducting polymer, poly(thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (PTT), were deposited on unconventional highly-disordered and textured substrates with high surface areas, such as paper, towels and fabrics. This reported deposition chamber is an improvement of previous vapor reactors because our system can accommodate both volatile and nonvolatile monomers, such as 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene. Utilization of both solid and liquid oxidants are also demonstrated. One limitation of this method is that it lacks sophisticated in situ thickness monitors. Polymer coatings made by the commonly used solution-based coating methods, such as spin-coating and surface grafting, are often not uniform or susceptible to mechanical degradation. This reported vapor phase deposition method overcomes those drawbacks and is a strong alternative to common solution-based coating methods. Notably, polymer films coated by the reported method are uniform and conformal on rough surfaces, even at a micrometer scale. This feature allows for future application of vapor deposited polymers in electronics devices on flexible and highly textured substrates.

This paper presents a protocol for reactive vapor deposition of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene), and poly(thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) films on glass slides and rough substrates, such as textiles and paper.

임의 기판에 활용 된 고분자 필름의 반응성 증 착

We demonstrate a method of conformally coating conjugated polymers on arbitrary substrates using a custom-designed, low-pressure reaction chamber. ...

Solution-Processed "Silver-Bismuth-Iodine" Ternary Thin Films for Lead-Free Photovoltaic Absorbers

Bismuth-based hybrid perovskites are regarded as promising photo-active semiconductors for environment-friendly and air-stable solar cell applications. However, poor surface morphologies and relatively high bandgap energies have limited their potential. Silver-bismuth-iodine (Ag-Bi-I) is a promising semiconductor for optoelectronic devices. Therefore, we demonstrate the fabrication of Ag-Bi-I ternary thin films using material solution processing. The resulting thin films exhibit controlled surface morphologies and optical bandgaps according to their thermal annealing temperatures. In addition, it has been reported that Ag-Bi-I ternary systems crystallize to AgBi2I7, Ag2BiI5, etc. according to the ratio of the precursor chemicals. The solution-processed AgBi2I7 thin films exhibit a cubic-phase crystal structure, dense, pinhole-free surface morphologies with grains ranging in size from 200 to 800 nm, and an indirect bandgap of 1.87 eV. The resultant AgBi2I7 thin films show good air stability and energy band diagrams, as well as surface morphologies and optical bandgaps suitable for lead-free and air-stable single-junction solar cells. Very recently, a solar cell with 4.3% power conversion efficiency was obtained by optimizing the Ag-Bi-I crystal compositions and solar cell device architectures.

Solution-Processed &quot;Silver-Bismuth-Iodine&quot; Ternary Thin Films for Lead-Free Photovoltaic Absorbers

Herein, we present detailed protocols for solution-processed silver-bismuth-iodine (Ag-Bi-I) ternary semiconductor thin films fabricated on TiO2-coated transparent electrodes and their potential application as air-stable and lead-free optoelectronic devices.

솔루션 처리 "실버-비스무트-요오드" 삼항 박막 리드 무료 태양광 흡수에 대 한

Bismuth-based hybrid perovskites are regarded as promising photo-active semiconductors for environment-friendly and air-stable solar cell applications. ...