The authors have no acknowledgements.

순차 추가를 통해 CMP 박막 1. 합성 <ol><li> 운모에 금의 자기 조립 단분자막 (SAM) 작용. <ol><li> 에탄올 11 피페 운데 산 프로 파길 아미드 (14)의 1 mM의 용액 (SAM-용액)을 준비한다. 해결책은 분명하다까지 초음파 목욕을 사용하여 섞는다. 알루미늄 호일을 사용하여 빛으로부터 병을 보호합니다. </li><li> 아르곤 하에서 금 운모 웨이퍼를 얻습니다. 저장 용기로부터 인출 한 후 18 시간 동안 SAM-용액에 직접 운모 웨이퍼를 몰입. </li><li> , SAM-용액으로부터 제조 된 금 운모 웨이퍼를 타고 질소 기류 하에서 에탄올 건조 씻어. 이후 빛과 불활성 가스에 의해 보호 기판을 저장합니다. </li></ol></li><li> 전구체 솔루션을 제공합니다. <ol><li> 18.64 mg의 구리 촉매 (테트라 키스 (아세토 니트릴) 구리 (I) 헥사 플루오로 포스페이트), 20.83 mg을 테트라 페닐 메탄 (TPM) -alkyne와 24.22 mg을 TPM - 아 지드를 달아 별도의 쉬 렌크 플라스크에 각 구성 요소를 작성하십시오.TPM - 알킨 및 TPM - 아 지드 그림 1 참조, 합성 참조 (15)에 설명되어 있습니다. 대피 및 불활성 가스 (N 2, 아르곤) 3 회 리필. </li><li> 각각의 슈 렝크 플라스크에 25 ml의 물이없는 테트라 히드로 푸란 (THF)를 첨가. 알루미늄 호일을 사용하여 빛으로부터 TPM - 아 지드와 TPM-알킨과 플라스크를 보호합니다. </li></ol></li><li> CMP 제조를위한 장치를 준비합니다. 주 : 합성 장치는도 2에 도시된다. <ol><li> 250 ml의 한 구 둥근 바닥 플라스크를 사용합니다. 130 ML의 THF를 입력합니다. 알킨으로 코팅 준비 기판을 넣어 샘플 실에서 SAM을 종료했습니다. 기판이 직립되도록 샘플 홀더를 사용한다. </li><li> 환류 냉각기의 상단의 접합을 통해 쉬 렌크 라인에 장치를 연결합니다. </li><li> 3 회 대피 및 불활성 가스로 환기. </li></ol></li><li> 불활성 조건에서 연속 또한. <ol><li> 90 ° C로 히터를 설정하고 THF를 다시가 될 때까지 기다립니다플럭 싱. </li><li> 샘플 구획​​의 하단 출구 위에 샘플 구획​​으로부터 THF를 보자. 출구를 닫습니다. </li><li> 준비 TPM - 아 지드 시액 1 mL 및 격막과 스크류 캡을 통해 샘플 실에 구리 (I) 촉매 용액 0.5 ml를주세요. 반응 장치로 쉴 렌크 플라스크로부터 솔루션을 순차적으로 전송하는 중공 바늘 주사기를 사용한다. 참고 서열은 반응에 영향을 미치지 않는다. </li><li> 약 30 분을 기다립니다. </li><li> 샘플 구획​​의 하단 출구에 걸쳐 반응 액을 보자. 출구를 닫고 샘플을 세척하기위한 응축 된 THF를 수집합니다. 약 30 분을 기다립니다. </li><li> 샘플 구획​​의 하단에있는 출구를 통해 세척 용액을 보자. 출구를 닫습니다. </li><li> 준비 TPM-알킨 액 1 mL 및 격막과 스크류 캡을 통해 샘플 실에 구리 (I) 촉매 용액 0.5 ml를주세요. 중공으로 주사기를 사용하여바늘은 반응 장치에 쉴 렌크 플라스크로부터 솔루션을 순차적으로 전송한다. 참고 서열은 반응에 영향을 미치지 않는다. </li><li> 약 30 분을 기다립니다. </li><li> 샘플 구획​​의 하단 출구에 걸쳐 반응 액을 보자. 출구를 닫고 샘플을 세척하기위한 응축 된 THF를 수집합니다. 약 30 분을 기다립니다. </li><li> 반복 층의 원하는 양에 도달 할 때까지 1.4.9 1.4.3 단계. 주 : 하나의 층은 약 1 nm 두께이다. </li><li> , CMP 코팅 운모 기판을 꺼내 THF, 에탄올로 헹구고, 질소 기류 하에서 건조. </li></ol></li></ol> CMP Nanomembranes 2. 전송 <ol><li> 폴리 (메틸 메타 크릴 레이트) (PMMA) 용액. <ol><li> 에틸 아세테이트 중 4 % (중량) PMMA (996 kDa의 M)의 용액을 제조 하였다. 이 솔루션은 분명하다까지 PMMA는 초음파 목욕을 사용하여 녹인다. </li></ol></li><li> PMMA 용액을 스핀 코팅. <ol><li> RA 스핀 코터를 설정할MP 시간 0 RPM 4,000에서 10 초, 시간이 40 초를 들고와 4000 0 rpm으로 시간이 10 초 램프. </li><li> 스핀 코터에 CMP 운모 기판을 배치하고 완전히 피복 될 때까지 웨이퍼 상 PMMA 용액을 넣어. 스핀 코터를 시작합니다. </li><li> 스핀 코팅이 완료된 후 90 ℃에서 가열 플레이트 상에 5 분간 샘플을 넣어. </li><li> 운모 기판의 각 가장자리에서 1mm를 잘라. 가장자리를 잘라 가위를 사용합니다. </li></ol></li><li> PMMA의 전송의 CMP nanomembrane 코팅. <ol><li> 와 KI의 / H 2 O (1:10 M / M) I 2 / KI / H 2 O 솔루션 (: 4 : 40m / M / M 1)을 준비합니다. </li><li> 요리를 결정화 150 ㎖의 I 2 / KI H 2 O 솔루션을 입력하고 요리를 결정화 100 ㎖에서 KI / H 2 O 솔루션을 입력합니다. 나는 2 / KI / H 2 O 솔루션의 상단에, 용액에 접촉 운모로, 운모 기판 상에 PMMA 코팅 된 CMP 골드를 넣습니다. 이 가라 앉지 않도록주의.적어도 5 분을 기다립니다. </li><li> 나는 2 / KI / H 2 용액에 접촉 운모와 KI / H 2 O 솔루션의 상단에 O 솔루션에서 PMMA 코팅 된 CMP 금 운모 기판을 넣습니다. 이 가라 앉지 않도록주의. 적어도 5 분을 기다립니다. </li><li> 요리를 결정화 250 ㎖에 증류수를 입력합니다. 운모의 PMMA / CMP / 금 필름을 벗겨. 약간 증류수에, 하나의 가장자리에서 시작, 기판을 침지하여이 작업을 수행합니다. 운모는 물을 가리 키도록 기판을 유지. 참고 :이 절차는 그림 3에 표시됩니다. </li><li> 딥 - 코팅 된 실리콘 웨이퍼에 PMMA / CMP / 금. 그것은 수영 PMMA / CMP / 금 막의 가장자리에 닿을 때까지 웨이퍼 천천히 PMMA / CMP는 / 금에 접근하여이 작업을 수행합니다. 실리콘 웨이퍼는 PMMA / CMP / 금 막과 접촉하면 서서히 실리콘 웨이퍼를 꺼내. </li><li> 실리콘 웨이퍼로부터 PMMA / CMP은 / 금 막을 벗겨. 약간 하나 ED에서 시작, 기판을 침지하여이 작업을 수행GE, 나는 2 / KI / H 2 O 솔루션입니다. 15 분을 기다립니다. </li><li> 금이 완전히 에칭 된 후, 실리콘 웨이퍼를 통해 물 PMMA / CMP 막 옮긴다. 15 분을 기다립니다. </li><li> 세 번 단계를 반복 2.3.7 물과 멤브레인을 씻어. </li><li> 단계 2.3.5에서 설명한 방법을 통해, 목적하는 기판, 예를 들면, 현미경 슬라이드 또는 금 - 코팅 된 실리콘 웨이퍼를 세척 PMMA / CMP 막 옮긴다. 적어도 2 시간 동안 공기의 PMMA / CMP 기판 건조하자. </li></ol></li><li> PMMA의 해산. <ol><li> 아세톤에 PMMA / CMP 기판을 넣습니다. 30 분을 기다립니다. 기판을 꺼내 아세톤으로 씻어. </li><li> 단계를 반복 2.4.1 세 번. </li><li> 적어도 2 시간 동안 CMP 기판 건조하자. </li></ol></li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

CMP-필름의 합성을위한 촉매의 용액을 신선한이어야한다. 깨진 촉매 (즉, 산화) 솔루션의 푸른 색채로 표시됩니다. 신선한 액은 무색이다. 중요한 점은 스핀 코팅 후 PMMA 운모 기판의 가장자리를 절단하는 것이다. 또한, 기판에 결함이 절단 예정 즉, 각각의 스폿은 PMMA 인해 누락 된 금 층, 운모 기판과 접촉 할 수 있었다. 그렇지 금층 용이 운모 기판으로부터 박리 ...

The preparation of ultra-thin polymer membranes is of high interest for applications in gas separation and nanofiltration. Challenges in the synthesis are represented by (a) the control of the membrane thickness and the homogeneity and (b) transfer of such fragile membranes. To overcome challenge (a), molecular layer-by-layer synthesis1 has shown great promise in controlling the thickness and homogeneity of thin films grown at the solid-liquid interface.2,3 Controlling the number of layers linearly controls the film thickness. The l-b-l method has been successfully used to fabricate surface mounted metal organic frameworks (SURMOFs),4-7 also the synthesis of thin polymer films via l-b-l reaction of polymer chains was demonstrated.8 The challenge (b) concerns the handling of these ultra-thin membranes. To avoid rupture or wrinkling of the nanomembranes sacrificial supports of coatings have shown great promise. 9
Here we will present a detailed protocol for synthesis of conjugated microporous polymer (CMP)10-13 thin films through sequential addition of the molecular building blocks, with desired thickness and composition. The preparation of free-standing CMP nanomembranes is achieved by using a sacrificial support. To handle and transfer the CMP nanomembranes to other supports we will describe a simple protocol to protect the membranes with sacrificial coatings and their upfloating to the liquid air interface and subsequent transfer using dip-coating.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetone</td>
			<td>VWR BDH Prolabo</td>
			<td>20066.330</td>
			<td>AnalR NORMAPUR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium iodide</td>
			<td>VWR BDH Prolabo</td>
			<td>26846.292</td>
			<td>AnalR NORMAPUR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethyl acetate</td>
			<td>VWR BDH Prolabo</td>
			<td>23882.321</td>
			<td>AnalR NORMAPUR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tetrahydrofurane (THF)</td>
			<td>VWR BDH Prolabo</td>
			<td>28559.320</td>
			<td>HiPerSolv CHROMANORM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>THF waterfree</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore</td>
			<td>1.08107.1001</td>
			<td>SeccoSolv</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Iodine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>20,777-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I)hexafluoro-phosphate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>346276-5G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly(methyl methacrylate) 996 kDa (PMMA)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>182265-25G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1.1.1.1 Methanetetrayltetrakis(4-azidobenzene) (TPM-azide)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>provided by AK Prof. Br&#228;se. Institute of organic chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. Synthesized according to9</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1.1.1.1 Methanetetrayltetrakis(4-ethinylenebenzene) (TPM-alkyne)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>provided by AK Prof. Br&#228;se. Institute of organic chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. Synthesized according to9</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>11-thioacetyl-undecaneacid propargylamide</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>provided by AK Prof. Br&#228;se. Institute of organic chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. Synthesized according to8</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>gold/titan coated silicium-wafer</td>
			<td>Georg Albert PVD, 76857 Silz, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>gold coated mica</td>
			<td>Georg Albert PVD, 76857 Silz, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

layer-by-layer synthesis and transfer of freestanding conjugated microporous polymer nanomembranes

CMP와 같은 큰 표면적 재료는 그들의 탁월한 열적 및 화학적 안정성과 결합 작용기의 혼입이 높은 변동 및 낮은 밀도로, 최근 관심을 끌고있다 성장. 예컨대 스핀 코팅과 같은 통상의 기술 적용이 가능하지 않기 때문에 그러나, 그들의 자연 불용성은 처리 문제를 일으킨다. 특히 CMP와 같은 박막의 처리가 바람직하다 막 애플리케이션을 위해, 프로세싱 문제는 상업적인 응용을 방해했다. 여기에서 우리는 분자 층별로 레이어 (LBL) 합성을 통해 기능화 기판에 CMP 박막의 계면 합성을 설명합니다. 이 프로세스는 원하는 두께 및 조성물 심지어 원하는 조성 구배를 가진 필름을 제조 할 수있다. 희생 지지체의 사용은 지지체의 용해 후 의해 자립 막 제조를 허용합성. 이러한 초박형 자립 막을 처리하기 위해 희생 코팅과 보호 nanomembranes의 파열을 방지하기 위해, 큰 가능성을 보여 주었다. 원하는 기판 nanomembranes를 전송하려면, 도포 막은 공기 - 액체 계면에서 upfloated 후 침지 코팅을 통해 전달된다.

멤브레인 (16)도 4는 금 웨이퍼에 전사 CMP-막으로부터 IRRA - 스펙트럼을 도시 적외선 반사 흡수 분광기 (IRRAS).에 의해 특징 지어진다. 방향족 백본의 진동에서 전형적인 밴드 1,605cm -1, 1,515cm -1과 1,412cm -1에 있습니다. 미 반응 아 지드 및 알킨 그룹 2,125cm -1 1,227cm -1 특성 밴드가 관찰 될 수있다.도 5는 주사 전자 현미경 (SEM) 이?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Layer-by-layer Synthesis and Transfer of Freestanding Conjugated Microporous Polymer Nanomembranes at JoVE.com

Layer-by-layer Synthesis and Transfer of Freestanding Conjugated Microporous Polymer Nanomembranes

In this paper we describe the interfacial synthesis of conjugated microporous polymers (CMP) on sacrificial substrates, and the dissolution of the substrate for the preparation of freestanding CMP nanomembranes. In addition, we will describe how the fragile nanomembranes can be transferred to other substrates.

레이어로 레이어 합성 및 독립 구조로 서있는 공역 미세 다공성 고분자 Nanomembranes의 전송

CMP as large surface area materials have attracted growing interest recently, due to their high variability in the incorporation of functional groups in ...

layer-layer-synthesis-transfer-freestanding-conjugated-microporous

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

9.3K 조회수.  Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. In this paper we describe the interfacial synthesis of conjugated microporous polymers (CMP) on sacrificial substrates, and the dissolution of the substrate for the preparation of freestanding CMP nanomembranes. In addition, we will describe how the fragile nanomembranes can be transferred to other substrates.

비디오: Layer-by-layer Synthesis and Transfer of Freestanding Conjugated Microporous Polymer Nanomembranes

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures

The behavior of confined colloidal suspensions with attractive interparticle interactions is critical to the rational design of materials for directed assembly1-3, drug delivery4, improved hydrocarbon recovery5-7, and flowable electrodes for energy storage8. Suspensions containing fluorescent colloids and non-adsorbing polymers are appealing model systems, as the ratio of the polymer radius of gyration to the particle radius&#160;and concentration of polymer control the range and strength of the interparticle attraction, respectively. By tuning the polymer properties and the volume fraction of the colloids, colloid fluids, fluids of clusters, gels, crystals, and glasses can be obtained9.&#160;Confocal microscopy, a variant of fluorescence microscopy, allows an optically transparent and fluorescent sample to be imaged with high spatial and temporal resolution in three dimensions. In this technique, a small pinhole or slit blocks the emitted fluorescent light from regions of the sample that are outside the focal volume of the microscope optical system. As a result, only a thin section of the sample in the focal plane is imaged. This technique is particularly well suited to probe the structure and dynamics in dense colloidal suspensions at the single-particle scale: the particles are large enough to be resolved using visible light and diffuse slowly enough to be captured at typical scan speeds of commercial confocal systems10. Improvements in scan speeds and analysis algorithms have also enabled quantitative confocal imaging of flowing suspensions11-16,37.&#160;In this paper, we demonstrate confocal microscopy experiments to probe the confined phase behavior and flow properties of colloid-polymer mixtures. We first prepare colloid-polymer mixtures that are density- and refractive-index matched. Next, we report a standard protocol for imaging quiescent dense colloid-polymer mixtures under varying confinement in thin wedge-shaped cells. Finally, we demonstrate a protocol for imaging colloid-polymer mixtures during microchannel flow.

Confocal microscopy is used to image quiescent and flowing colloid-polymer mixtures, which are studied as model systems for attractive suspensions. Image analysis algorithms are used to calculate structural and dynamic metrics for the colloidal particles that measure changes due to geometric confinement.

밀폐 무부하 흐르는 콜로이드 중합체 혼합물의 공 촛점 이미징

The behavior of confined colloidal suspensions with attractive interparticle interactions is critical to the rational design of materials for directed ...

연구

화학

Fabrication of Large-area Free-standing Ultrathin Polymer Films

This procedure describes a method for the fabrication of large-area and ultrathin free-standing polymer films. Typically, ultrathin films are prepared using either sacrificial layers, which may damage the film or affect its mechanical properties, or they are made on freshly cleaved mica, a substrate that is difficult to scale. Further, the size of ultrathin film is typically limited to a few square millimeters. In this method, we modify a surface with a polyelectrolyte that alters the strength of adhesion between polymer and deposition substrate. The polyelectrolyte can be shown to remain on the wafer using spectroscopy, and a treated wafer can be used to produce multiple films, indicating that at best minimal amounts of the polyelectrolyte are added to the film. The process has thus far been shown to be limited in scalability only by the size of the coating equipment, and is expected to be readily scalable to industrial processes. In this study, the protocol for making the solutions, preparing the deposition surface, and producing the films is described.

We describe a method for the fabrication of large-area (up to 13 cm diameter) and ultrathin (as thin as 8 nm) polymer films. Instead of using a sacrificial interlayer to delaminate the film from its substrate, we use a self-limiting surface treatment suitable for arbitrarily large areas.

대 면적의 제작은 초박막 고분자 필름을 무료 서

This procedure describes a method for the fabrication of large-area and ultrathin free-standing polymer films.  Typically, ultrathin films are prepared ...

Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides

We describe a protocol for the preparation of hybrid materials based on highly porous coordination polymer coatings on the internal surface of macroporous polymer monoliths. The developed approach is based on the preparation of a macroporous polymer containing carboxylic acid functional groups and the subsequent step-by-step solution-based controlled growth of a layer of a porous coordination polymer on the surface of the pores of the polymer monolith. The prepared metal-organic polymer hybrid has a high specific micropore surface area. The amount of iron(III) sites is enhanced through metal-organic coordination on the surface of the pores of the functional polymer support. The increase of metal sites is related to the number of iterations of the coating process.
The developed preparation scheme is easily adapted to a capillary column format. The functional porous polymer is prepared as a self-contained single-block porous monolith within the capillary, yielding a flow-through separation device with excellent flow permeability and modest back-pressure. The metal-organic polymer hybrid column showed excellent performance for the enrichment of phosphopeptides from digested proteins and their subsequent detection using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The presented experimental protocol is highly versatile, and can be easily implemented to different organic polymer supports and coatings with a plethora of porous coordination polymers and metal-organic frameworks for multiple purification and/or separation applications.

A procedure for the preparation of porous hybrid separation media composed of a macroporous polymer monolith internally coated by a high surface area microporous coordination polymer is presented.

포스 포의 향상된 농축을위한 거대 다공성 고분자 모노리스에 다공성 조정 폴리머 코팅의 제조

We describe a protocol for the preparation of hybrid materials based on highly porous coordination polymer coatings on the internal surface of macroporous ...

Photodynamic Therapy with Blended Conducting Polymer/Fullerene Nanoparticle Photosensitizers

In this article a method for the fabrication and reproducible in-vitro evaluation of conducting polymer nanoparticles blended with fullerene as the next generation photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is reported. The nanoparticles are formed by hydrophobic interaction of the semiconducting polymer MEH-PPV (poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene]) with the fullerene PCBM (phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester) in the presence of a non-compatible solvent. MEH-PPV has a high extinction coefficient that leads to high rates of triplet formation, and efficient charge and energy transfer to the fullerene PCBM. The latter processes enhance the efficiency of the PDT system through fullerene assisted triplet and radical formation, and ultrafast deactivation of MEH-PPV excited stated. The results reported here show that this nanoparticle PDT sensitizing system is highly effective and shows unexpected specificity to cancer cell lines.

This protocol describes a method for the fabrication of conducting polymer nanoparticles blended with fullerene. These nanoparticles were investigated for their potential use as a next generation photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT).

혼합 폴리머 / 풀러렌 나노 입자 감광제를 실시와 광 역학 치료

In this article a method for the fabrication and reproducible in-vitro evaluation of conducting polymer nanoparticles blended with fullerene as the next ...

The Preparation and Properties of Thermo-reversibly Cross-linked Rubber Via Diels-Alder Chemistry

A method for using Diels Alder thermo-reversible chemistry as cross-linking tool for rubber products is demonstrated. In this work, a commercial ethylene-propylene rubber, grafted with maleic anhydride, is thermo-reversibly cross-linked in two steps. The pending anhydride moieties are first modified with furfurylamine to graft furan groups to the rubber backbone. These pendant furan groups are then cross-linked with a bis-maleimide via a Diels-Alder coupling reaction. Both reactions can be performed under a broad range of experimental conditions and can easily be applied on a large scale. The material properties of the resulting Diels-Alder cross-linked rubbers are similar to a peroxide-cured ethylene/propylene/diene rubber (EPDM) reference. The cross-links break at elevated temperatures (&#62; 150 &#176;C) via the retro-Diels-Alder reaction and can be reformed by thermal annealing at lower temperatures (50-70 &#176;C). Reversibility of the system was proven with infrared spectroscopy, solubility tests and mechanical properties. Recyclability of the material was also shown in a practical way, i.e., by cutting a cross-linked sample into small parts and compression molding them into new samples displaying comparable mechanical properties, which is not possible for conventionally cross-linked rubbers.

A simple two-step approach involving rubber modification and cross-linking yields fully reworkable, elastic rubber products.

열 가역적 가교 고무 통해 딜스 - 알더 화학의 준비 및 등록

A method for using Diels Alder thermo-reversible chemistry as cross-linking tool for rubber products is demonstrated. In this work, a commercial ...

Monitoring the Effects of Illumination on the Structure of Conjugated Polymer Gels Using Neutron Scattering

We demonstrate a protocol to effectively monitor the gelation process of a high concentration solution of conjugated polymer both in the presence and absence of white light exposure. By instituting a controlled temperature ramp, the gelation of these materials can be precisely monitored as they proceed through this structural evolution, which effectively mirrors the conditions experienced during the solution deposition phase of organic electronic device fabrication. Using small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and ultra-small angle neutron scattering (USANS) along with appropriate fitting protocols we quantify the evolution of select structural parameters throughout this process. Thorough analysis indicates that continued light exposure throughout the gelation process significantly alters the structure of the ultimately formed gel. Specifically, the aggregation process of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) nano-scale aggregates is negatively affected by the presence of illumination, ultimately resulting in the retardation of growth in conjugated polymer microstructures and the formation of smaller scale macro-aggregate clusters.

A protocol for the analysis of gels formed from the optoelectronic conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) using small and ultra-small angle neutron scattering in both the presence and absence of illumination is presented.

중성자 산란을 사용 하 여 활용 된 중합체 젤의 구조에 조명 효과 모니터링

We demonstrate a protocol to effectively monitor the gelation process of a high concentration solution of conjugated polymer both in the presence and ...

Microfluidic Dry-spinning and Characterization of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Fibers

The protocol demonstrates a method for mimicking the spinning process of silkworm. In the native spinning process, the contracting spinning duct enables the silk proteins to be compact and ordered by shearing and elongation forces. Here, a biomimetic microfluidic channel was designed to mimic the specific geometry of the spinning duct of the silkworm. Regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) spinning doped with high concentration, was extruded through the microchannel to dry-spin fibers at ambient temperature and pressure. In the post-treated process, the as-spun fibers were drawn and stored in ethanol aqueous solution. Synchrotron radiation wide-angle X-ray diffraction (SR-WAXD) technology was used to investigate the microstructure of single RSF fibers, which were fixed to a sample holder with the RSF fiber axis normal to the microbeam of the X-ray. The crystallinity, crystallite size, and crystalline orientation of the fiber were calculated from the WAXD data. The diffraction arcs near the equator of the two-dimensional WAXD pattern indicate that the post-treated RSF fiber has a high orientation degree.

A protocol for the microfluidic spinning and microstructure characterization of regenerated silk fibroin monofilament is presented.

미세 드라이 회전 및 재생성된 실크 Fibroin 섬유의 특성

The protocol demonstrates a method for mimicking the spinning process of silkworm. In the native spinning process, the contracting spinning duct enables ...

Time-resolved Photophysical Characterization of Triplet-harvesting Organic Compounds at an Oxygen-free Environment Using an iCCD Camera

Here, we present a sensible method of the acquisition and analysis of time-resolved photoluminescence using an ultrafast iCCD camera. This system enables the acquisition of photoluminescence spectra covering the time regime from nanoseconds up to 0.1 s. This enables us to follow the changes in the intensity (decay) and emission of the spectra over time. Using this method, it is possible to study diverse photophysical phenomena, such as the emission of phosphorescence, and the contributions of prompt and delayed fluorescence in molecules showing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Remarkably, all spectra and decays are obtained in a single experiment. This can be done for solids (thin film, powder, crystal) and liquid samples, where the only limitations are the spectral sensitivity of the camera and the excitation wavelength (532 nm, 355 nm, 337 nm, and 266 nm). This technique is, thus, very important when investigating the excited state dynamics in organic emitters for their application in organic light-emitting diodes and other areas where triplet harvesting is of paramount importance. Since triplet states are strongly quenched by oxygen, emitters with efficient TADF luminescence, or those showing room temperature phosphorescence (RTP), must be correctly prepared in order to remove any dissolved oxygen from solutions and films. Otherwise, no long-lived emission will be observed. The method of degassing solid samples as presented in this work is basic and simple, but the degassing of liquid samples creates additional difficulties and is particularly interesting. A method of minimizing solvent loss and changing the sample concentration, while still enabling to remove oxygen in a very efficient and a repeatable manner, is presented in this work.

Here, we present a method of the spectroscopic characterization of organic molecules by means of time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy on the nanosecond-to-millisecond timescale in oxygen-free conditions. Methods to efficiently remove oxygen from the samples and, thus, limit luminescence quenching are also described.

Here, we present a sensible method of the acquisition and analysis of time-resolved photoluminescence using an ultrafast iCCD camera. This system enables ...

Raman and IR Spectroelectrochemical Methods as Tools to Analyze Conjugated Organic Compounds

In the presented work, two spectroelectrochemical techniques are discussed as tools for the analysis of the structural changes occurring in the molecule on the vibrational level of energy. Raman and IR spectroelectrochemistry can be used for advanced characterization of the structural changes in the organic electroactive compounds. Here, the step-by-step analysis by means of Raman and IR spectroelectrochemistry is shown. Raman and IR spectroelectrochemical techniques provide complementary information about structural changes occurring during an electrochemical process, i.e. allows for the investigation of redox processes and their products. The examples of IR and Raman spectroelectrochemical analysis are presented, in which the products of the redox reactions, both in solution and solid state, are identified.

A protocol of step-by-step Raman and IR spectroelectrochemical analysis is presented.

In the presented work, two spectroelectrochemical techniques are discussed as tools for the analysis of the structural changes occurring in the molecule ...

Reactive Vapor Deposition of Conjugated Polymer Films on Arbitrary Substrates

We demonstrate a method of conformally coating conjugated polymers on arbitrary substrates using a custom-designed, low-pressure reaction chamber. Conductive polymers, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (PProDOT), and a semiconducting polymer, poly(thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (PTT), were deposited on unconventional highly-disordered and textured substrates with high surface areas, such as paper, towels and fabrics. This reported deposition chamber is an improvement of previous vapor reactors because our system can accommodate both volatile and nonvolatile monomers, such as 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene. Utilization of both solid and liquid oxidants are also demonstrated. One limitation of this method is that it lacks sophisticated in situ thickness monitors. Polymer coatings made by the commonly used solution-based coating methods, such as spin-coating and surface grafting, are often not uniform or susceptible to mechanical degradation. This reported vapor phase deposition method overcomes those drawbacks and is a strong alternative to common solution-based coating methods. Notably, polymer films coated by the reported method are uniform and conformal on rough surfaces, even at a micrometer scale. This feature allows for future application of vapor deposited polymers in electronics devices on flexible and highly textured substrates.

This paper presents a protocol for reactive vapor deposition of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene), and poly(thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) films on glass slides and rough substrates, such as textiles and paper.