Name: fabrication of large-area free-standing ultrathin polymer films
Uploaded: 2015-06-03T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 10 min 8 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication of Large-area Free-standing Ultrathin Polymer Films at JoVE.com

계약 DE-AC52-07NA27344에서 로렌스 리버모어 국립 연구소에 의해 미국 에너지 국의 후원하에 수행이 작품.

1. 솔루션 준비 <ol><li> 주사기 및 0.20 μm의 주사기 필터를 사용하여 에틸 락 테이트 60 g의 필터. 에틸 락 테이트에 정식 폴리 비닐 0.3 g을 넣고. 4 시간 동안 50 ℃의 오븐에 솔루션을 놓습니다. 중합체가 완전히 용해되지 않았는지 유리 병을 가볍게 흔들어. <ol><li> 이 솔루션은 흐린 또는 아직도 광 비균질성을 표시하는 경우, 다른 2 시간 동안 오븐에 유리 병을 반환합니다. 이 레시피는 통상적으로 막 두께 약 30 nm의 사용되는 0.5 중량 %의 중합체 용액에 대한 것이다. 높은 중합체 중량 함량이 해법은 두꺼운 막에 사용될 수있다. </li></ol></li><li> 20 ㎖ 용량 플라스크에 PDAC 시약 1.0 g의 무게와 탈 (DI) 물 측정 라인에 플라스크를 작성하여 PDAC 솔루션을 준비합니다. 부드럽게 저장 용기로 전환하기 전에 용액 소용돌이 친다. </li></ol> 2. 기판 준비 <ol><li> 주의. 진한 황산 60ml를 붓고깨끗하고 250 mL의 비커에 산. 천천히 30 % 과산화수소 20 ㎖를 추가한다. 가라 발연, 부드럽게 솔루션을 소용돌이 때까지 기다립니다. 용액 및 비이커는 매우 뜨거워 질 것이며, 혼합물은 부식성. </li><li> 핫 플레이트에 150mm 페트리 접시를 놓고 접시에 산을 붓는다. 100 ℃로 핫 플레이트를 설정합니다. <ol><li> 연마면을 위로 산에 4 &#39;실리콘 웨이퍼를 놓습니다. 부드럽게 표면 전체가 침수되어 있는지 확인하기 위해 핀셋 한 쌍의 중간에 웨이퍼를 아래로 밀어 넣습니다. 30 분 동안 산에 웨이퍼를 남겨주세요. </li></ol></li><li> 핀셋으로 산에서 웨이퍼를 제거하고 전면을 씻어 내고 다시 웨이퍼의 철저하게 탈 이온수와 함께 물총 병에서. 물은 규칙적인 패턴으로 시트를 해제해야합니다. 클린 벤치에서 웨이퍼를 건조. </li><li> 필터를 장착, 주사기에 액체를 그림으로써 PDAC 용액으로 한 후 3 ㎖의 일회용 주사기 및 DI 워터와 제 0.2 ㎛의 필터 및 린스 및N 필터를 통해 액체를 밀어. </li><li> 스핀 코터의 청소 웨이퍼를 탑재합니다. 주사기에 PDAC 솔루션의 최대 1.0-1.2 ml의를 그리고 웨이퍼의 중간 위에 필터 비록 분배. 15 초 동안 4,000 rpm에서 스핀 후 (50 ° C로 예열) 핫 플레이트에 웨이퍼를 전송하고 30 초 동안 앉아 보자. </li><li> 탈 이온수로 건조 PDAC 층을 씻어 클린 벤치에서 웨이퍼를 건조하게 할 수 있습니다. </li></ol> 3. 영화 제작 <ol><li> 스핀 코터에 건조 PDAC 처리 된 웨이퍼를 놓습니다. </li><li> 3 ㎖의 일회용 주사기 및 2.4의 절차를 사용하여 에틸 락 테이트 용액)을 0.45 ㎛의 필터를 헹군다. </li><li> 입금 후 200 rpm에서 10 초 동안 웨이퍼와 스핀의 중간에 주사기 필터를 통해 에틸 락 테이트 용액 2.5 ml를, 1,700 RPM (원하는 필름 두께에 따라 다름)에 3 초 동안. 웨이퍼에 균일 한 액체 필름이 있어야한다. </li><li> 스핀 코터의 필름 건조하자은 (일반적으로 10 ~ 15 분) 눈에 띄게 건조 될 때까지, 다음 10 분 동안 (50 ° C로 예열) 열판에 놓습니다. </li><li> , 리프트 오프를 위해 일반적으로 2cm × 2 ㎝의 작은 사각형으로 필름을 주사위, 그러나 사용 필름 홀더 (3.5.1-3.5.2)의 크기에 따라 커질 수있다. 또한, 웨이퍼 크기의 필름 (3.5.3)을 탈착하는 두 서기관을합니다. 참고 : 표준 필름 홀더는 중간에 13mm 직경의 원형 개구, 19 X 19mm이다. 웨이퍼 크기의 필름을 위해, &quot;웨이퍼 (1)보다도 작은 직경 인 와이어 후프 (원형으로 형성된 예를 들어, 스테인레스 스틸 와이어)를 사용한다. 필름은 일반적으로 리프트 오프 팽윤 중에 수분을 흡수하기 때문에 원형 개구부가 선택된다. 필름 홀더에 건조 된 바와 같이, 물을 제거하고, 필름은 수축한다. 원형 개방 스트레스도 배포 할 수 있습니다. <ol><li> 절단 템플릿에 웨이퍼를 놓습니다. 바로 전자를 방지하기 위해 모든 가장자리가 웨이퍼보다 키가되는 사각형 템플릿을 사용DGE는 웨이퍼에 접촉 크라이 빙 동안 블레이드를 안내하는 데 사용됩니다. 다이 싱시 직선 에지의 배치를 안내하기 위해 2cm 간격으로 가장자리를 표시한다. 그것을 정렬이 가장자리에 웨이퍼를 밀어 넣습니다. </li><li> 두 정렬 마크를 따라 직선을 배치, 필름을 스크라이브하는 직선 가장자리를 따라 조심스럽게 면도날을 그립니다. 필름을 표시하기에 충분한 압력을 적용하지만, 너무 많이하지 웨이퍼 자체를 표시하고 입자를 생성 할 수 있습니다. 두꺼운 필름에서 절단 선이 명확하게 볼 수 있습니다. </li><li> 웨이퍼에서 한 장에 영화를 발사하기 위해, 면도날과 웨이퍼 가장자리를 스크라이브. 웨이퍼상의 두 플랫 사이 랙 - 피니언 상에 웨이퍼를 클램핑 충분히 넓은 스트립을 스크라이브. </li></ol></li><li> 탈 이온수와 190 X 100mm 배양 접시를 채우십시오. 틸트 스테이지에 장착 된 랙과 피니언에 의한 대형 평면 웨이퍼 클램프 천천히 DI 워터로 저하. 이 영화는 물 라인에서 웨이퍼로부터 분리해야한다. <ol><li> 웹 애플리케이션 방화벽을 낮추는 계속오히려 물 선 아래 리프트 오프 (lift-off) 인터페이스를 추진하는 것보다, 웨이퍼로부터 분리 필름 충분한 시간을 제공하는 속도로 어. 제곱의 첫 번째 행이 웨이퍼로부터 분리하고 표면 상에 부유 할 때, 웨이퍼의 저하를 일시. 필름이 완전히 분리 될 때까지 웨이퍼 크기의 필름의 경우, 웨이퍼를 침지 계속한다. </li><li> 물에 필름 홀더의 머리를 담그고 필름 아래로 이동합니다. 필름 가장자리 중 하나 후프의 손잡이 끝을 라인과 필름 후프를 터치합니다. 성공하면,이 영화는 후프에 충실 할 것이다. <ol><li> 웨이퍼 크기의 필름, 멀리 가장자리에서 스 크라이 빙 섹션 아래에 와이어 후프, 단지 센티미터를 놓습니다. 후프, 캡처를 시작하는 영화는 후프 감싸는 자체에 다시 접을 수 있도록 필름 가장자리와 후프 가장자리 사이에 약간의 거리를 유지하기 전에 필름 아래 중앙에 있는지 확인합니다. </li></ol></li><li> 에서 물에서 천천히 후프 후퇴35 °의 각도. 아주 천천히 물 밖으로 필름을 들어 올립니다. 주 : 필름의 약 절반 (물 표면에, 즉, 표준)이 거의 90 °로 물에서 뽑은 후 20nm 이하 후막 들어, 홀더를 통해 필름을 당기는 피하기 위해 각도를 증가시킨다. 리프트 아웃 각도를 변경하는 경우, 후프를 통해 필름을 당겨 피하기 위해 천천히 않습니다. </li><li> 후프가 완전히 수축되면, 건조 옆에 놓습니다. 확인 후프의 바닥이 아래로 후프를 놓기 전에 상품이 없는지 확인하고, 후프와 표면 사이에 액체 밀봉을 만들지 않도록 (예 : 웨이퍼 트레이 등) 곡면을 사용합니다. </li><li> 더 스크라이브 사각형 웨이퍼 상에 남아있는 경우, 물에 웨이퍼를 낮추는 단계를 계속 반복 3.6.1-3.6.4 상기 나머지에 대한 제곱. </li><li> 필름을 건조 O / N을 보자. </li></ol></li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Cheng, W., Campolongo, M. J., Tan, S. J., Luo, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Freestanding+ultrathin+nano-membranes+via+self-assembly.">Freestanding ultrathin nano-membranes via self-assembly.</a> Nano Today. 4, 482-493 (2009).</li><li>Greco, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultra-thin+conductive+free-standing+PEDOT/PSS+nanofilms.">Ultra-thin conductive free-standing PEDOT/PSS nanofilms.</a> Soft Matter. 7, 10642-10650 (2011).</li><li>Matsui, J., Mitsuishi, M., Aoki, A., Miyashita, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+Optical+Gating+Devices+Based+on+Polymer+Nanosheets+Assemblies.">Molecular Optical Gating Devices Based on Polymer Nanosheets Assemblies.</a> J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 3708-3709 (2004).</li><li>Ulbricht, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Advanced+functional+polymer+membranes.">Advanced functional polymer membranes.</a> Polymer. 47, 2217-2262 (2006).</li><li>Fujie, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Robust+Polysaccharide+Nanosheets+Integrated+for+Tissue-Defect+Repair.">Robust Polysaccharide Nanosheets Integrated for Tissue-Defect Repair.</a> Adv. Funct. Mater. 19, 2560-2568 (2009).</li><li>Okamura, Y., Kabata, K., Kinoshita, M., Saitoh, D., Takeoka, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Free-Standing+Biodegradable+Poly(lactic+acid)+Nanosheet+for+Sealing+Operations+in+Surgery.">Free-Standing Biodegradable Poly(lactic acid) Nanosheet for Sealing Operations in Surgery.</a> Adv. Mater. 21, 4388-4392 (2009).</li><li>Sreenivasan, R., Bassett, E. K., Hoganson, D. M., Vacanti, J. P., Gleason, K. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultra-thin+gas+permeable+free-standing+and+composite+membranes+for+microfluidic+lung+assist+devices.">Ultra-thin gas permeable free-standing and composite membranes for microfluidic lung assist devices.</a> Biomaterials. 32, 3883-3889 (2011).</li><li>Wan, L. -. S., Liu, Z. -. M., Xu, Z. -. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surface+engineering+of+macroporous+polypropylene+membranes.">Surface engineering of macroporous polypropylene membranes.</a> Soft Matter. 5, 1775-1785 (2009).</li><li>Alcoutlabi, M., McKenna, G. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+confinement+on+material+behaviour+at+the+nanometre+size+scale.">Effects of confinement on material behaviour at the nanometre size scale.</a> Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter. 17, R461-R524 (2005).</li><li>Ellison, C. J., Torkelson, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+distribution+of+glass-transition+temperatures+in+nanoscopically+confined+glass+formers.">The distribution of glass-transition temperatures in nanoscopically confined glass formers.</a> Nature Materials. 2, 695-700 (2003).</li><li>Priestley, R. D., Ellison, C. J., Broadbelt, L. J., Torkelson, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structural+relaxation+of+polymer+glasses+at+surfaces,+interfaces+and+in+between.">Structural relaxation of polymer glasses at surfaces, interfaces and in between.</a> Science. 309, 456-459 (2005).</li><li>Si, L., Massa, M. V., Dalnoki-Veress, K., Brown, H. R., Jones, R. A. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chain+entanglement+in+thin+freestanding+polymer+films.">Chain entanglement in thin freestanding polymer films.</a> Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, (2005).</li><li>Torres, J. M., Stafford, C. M., Vogt, B. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Elastic+Modulus+of+Amorphous+Polymer+Thin+Films:+Relationship+to+the+Glass+Transition+Temperature.">Elastic Modulus of Amorphous Polymer Thin Films: Relationship to the Glass Transition Temperature.</a> Acs Nano. 3, 2677-2685 (2009).</li><li>Baxamusa, S. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enhanced+Delamination+of+Ultrathin+Free-Standing+Polymer+Films+via+Self-Limiting+Surface+Modification.">Enhanced Delamination of Ultrathin Free-Standing Polymer Films via Self-Limiting Surface Modification.</a> Langmuir. 30, 5126-5132 (2014).</li><li>Buck, M. E., Lynn, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Free-Standing+and+Reactive+Thin+Films+Fabricated+by+Covalent+Layer-by-Layer+Assembly+and+Subsequent+Lift-Off+of+Azlactone-Containing+Polymer+Multilayers.">Free-Standing and Reactive Thin Films Fabricated by Covalent Layer-by-Layer Assembly and Subsequent Lift-Off of Azlactone-Containing Polymer Multilayers.</a> Langmuir. 26, 16134-16140 (2010).</li><li>Freund, L. B., Suresh, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Thin Film Materials: Stress, Defect Formation and Surface Evolution. , (2003).</li><li>Dubas, S. T., Farhat, T. R., Schlenoff, J. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multiple+Membranes+from+&#8220;True&#8221;+Polyelectrolyte+Multilayers.">Multiple Membranes from &#8220;True&#8221; Polyelectrolyte Multilayers.</a> J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123, 5368-5369 (2001).</li><li>Linder, V., Gates, B. D., Ryan, D., Parviz, B. A., Whitesides, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Water-soluble+sacrificial+layers+for+surface+micromachining.">Water-soluble sacrificial layers for surface micromachining.</a> Small. 1, 730-736 (2005).</li><li>Mamedov, A. A., Kotov, N. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Free-Standing+Layer-by-Layer+Assembled+Films+of+Magnetite+Nanoparticles.">Free-Standing Layer-by-Layer Assembled Films of Magnetite Nanoparticles.</a> Langmuir. 16, 5530-5533 (2000).</li><li>Ono, S. S., Decher, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preparation+of+Ultrathin+Self-Standing+Polyelectrolyte+Multilayer+Membranes+at+Physiological+Conditions+Using+pH-Responsive+Film+Segments+as+Sacrificial+Layers.">Preparation of Ultrathin Self-Standing Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Membranes at Physiological Conditions Using pH-Responsive Film Segments as Sacrificial Layers.</a> Nano Lett. 6, 592-598 (2006).</li><li>Stroock, A. D., Kane, R. S., Weck, M., Metallo, S. J., Whitesides, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Synthesis of Free-Standing Quasi-Two-Dimensional Polymers. Langmuir. 19, 2466-2472 (2002).</li><li>Kriz, J., Dybal, J., Kurkova, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cooperativity+in+macromolecular+interactions+as+a+proximity+effect:+NMR+and+theoretical+study+of+electrostatic+coupling+of+weakly+charged+complementary+polyions.">Cooperativity in macromolecular interactions as a proximity effect: NMR and theoretical study of electrostatic coupling of weakly charged complementary polyions.</a> J. Phys. Chem. B. 107, 12165-12174 (2003).</li><li>Krogman, K. C., Zacharia, N. S., Schroeder, S., Hammond, P. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Automated+Process+for+Improved+Uniformity+and+Versatility+of+Layer-by-Layer+Deposition.">Automated Process for Improved Uniformity and Versatility of Layer-by-Layer Deposition.</a> Langmuir. 23, 3137-3141 (2007).</li><li>Hall, D. B., Underhill, P., Torkelson, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spin+coating+of+thin+and+ultrathin+polymer+films.">Spin coating of thin and ultrathin polymer films.</a> Polymer Engineering &amp; Science. 38, 2039-2045 (1998).</li></ol>

저자가 공개하는 게 없다.

PDAC 기판 처리는. 쉽게 부정적 (예를 들어, 실리콘 또는 유리) 충전이 제공 처리 할 수있는 크기의 기판을 의미, 자기 제한 정전 기적 ​​상호 작용을 기반으로 1-2 13cm까지 매우 큰 박막 (표시도됩니다 직경)만을 변화 사용한 시약의 부피로 되,이 프로토콜을 이용하여 제조. 궁극적 인 달성 크기에만 증착 및 박리 장치 또는 프리 스탠딩 구조를 제조하는데 사용되는 ...

프리 스탠딩 얇은 폴리머 필름은 5-8. 센서의 MEMS 1-3, 또는 촉매를 여과, 4 및 조직 공학을 포함한 다양한 애플리케이션에 사용된다 또한 한정하에 중합체의 기본적인 동작을 탐색 연구에 사용된다. 9- 13 프리 스탠딩 필름은 환형 링 또는 실리콘 웨이퍼 또는 유리 슬라이드 반대로 후프 같이 불연속 기판 상에지지되는 것이다. 이 작업은 큰 면적의 필름 또는 높은 처리량의 생산에 적합하다 초박막 독립 중합체 필름에 대한 간단한 반복적 인 제조 과정을 설명한다. 이 폴리 (비닐 형식), 폴리스티렌, 및 폴리 (메틸 메타 크릴 레이트)를 포함한 다른 중합체의 종류와 호환된다. 이는 13 cm의 직경만큼 클 또는 10 내지만큼 얇다 프리 스탠딩 필름을 제조하는데 사용될 수있다. 무료 서 중합체의 제조는 세 가지 기본 단계로 구성 : 1) D기존의 기판 상에 고분자 필름의 eposition 같은 지지체 상에 웨이퍼 또는 슬라이드, 2) 분리 또는 기판으로부터 막 발사, 얻어진 막의 3)로서 캡처. 이 논문은 우리가 다양한 릴리스 방법에 대한 이전 연구에서보고 된 방법에 대해 설명합니다. (14) 증착은 예컨대 스핀 코팅, 증착, 또는 딥 - 코팅과 같은 염기성 중합체 박막 기술의 임의의 수에 의해 달성 될 수있다. 이 작품에서 우리는 표준 스핀 코팅 기술을 사용한다. 기술 &quot;에 리프트 오프 플로트는&quot;적당한 용매 욕조에 몰입이 기술, 필름 및 기판에서 가장 흔한 그 기판에서 얇은 필름을 해제하는 방법. 15입니다. 용매가 필름을 팽윤하고, 필름을 해제하고 욕의 상단에 떠 있도록 자발적 박리를 유도한다. 최소 막 두께 수리프트를 사용하여 출시 오프 플로트 팽창에 의한 변형 에너지와 계면 박리 에너지의 균형에 의해 결정됩니다에 : 16 <img alt="식 (1)" src="/files/ftp_upload/52832/52832eq1.jpg" width="200" /> (1) L은 막 두께이고, ν의 f는 필름의 포아송 비, E는 필름의 영률이다, ξ는 막의 팽윤 율이고, γ는 박리 계면 에너지이다. 수학 식에 의해 부과 된 제한을 우회하는 전형적인 방법은 (1) 필름과 증착 기판 사이에 희생 층간을 증착하는 것이다. 17-20이 층간 용매 욕에 용해하는 경우, 필름은 해제되고 지지체 상에 캡처 할 수있다 . 관련된 방법은, 희생 층 (PR) 상으로 필름의 기계적 박리를 이용하는 희생 오버 방법이며용해에 IOR. (21) 희생 물질의 사용은 몇 개의 주요한 단점을 가지고있다. 첫째, 별도의 공정 단계 및 물질의 첨가는 최적의 막 제조 조건으로 희생 물질 처리 조건 간의 타협을 필요로 할 수있다. 두 번째로, 희생 재료는 최종 프리 스탠딩 필름의 기계적 특성이나 순도에 영향을주지 않으면 서 증착하기 어려울 수있다. 셋째, 희생 물질을 증착하기위한 프로세스 최적화 전체 프리 스탠딩 필름 제조에 대해 동작으로서 모니터되어야한다. (14) 이 작품에서 우리는 얇은 필름에 사용되는 오프 플로트 기술에 리프트를 가능하게, 계면 박리 에너지를 감소 표면 개질 기술에 대해 설명합니다. 퇴적 기판은, 폴리 양이온의 polydiallyldiammonium 클로라이드 (PDAC)의 자기 한정자가 최적화 가까운 조립 단분자층에 의해 수정된다. 때문에의폴리 양이온과 기판 사이의 결합 강도는, 이러한 표면 개질은 후속 공정 단계에 강하다. 거의 단층의 형성과 자기 - 제한자가 최적화 특성은 실질적으로 제로의 최적화가 필요하고 큰 영역에 용이하게 확장 가능하다. 제거 후, ​​영화는 후프와 같은 지원에 포착되는 용매 목욕의 정상에 수레. 현존 문헌에 많은 관심을 부여하는 것은 아니지만, 본 연구에서 우리는 찢어짐 또는 다른 손상을 막을 확률을 감소 지지부에 대 면적의 박막을 캡쳐하는 기술을 설명한다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Vinylec E</td><td>SPI</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ethyl lactate, &gt;98%, FCC, FG</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>W244007-1KG-K</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4&quot; silicon wafers &amp;lt;100&gt;, Single side polished</td><td>International Wafer Service</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>sulfuric acid, 98%, ACS reagent grade</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>320501-6X500ML</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>hydrogen peroxide, 30%, semiconductor grade</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>316989-3.7L</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>isopropanol, ACS grade, 4 L</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>A464-4</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>dichloromethane, ACS grade</td><td>Alfa-Aesar</td><td>22917</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>deionized water, distilled</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PDAC reagent (Sigma-Aldrich 409014)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>409014</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Spin Coater</td><td>Laurell Technologies&amp;nbsp;</td><td>WS-650-23</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Barnstead/Thermolyne Super Nuova explosion-proof hot plate&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>explosion-proof forced air oven</td><td>VWR&amp;nbsp;</td><td>1330 FMS&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>balance with a range of 1&amp;nbsp;mg to 1,020&amp;nbsp;g</td><td>Mettler Toledo</td><td>MS1003S</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>reflectance spectrometer</td><td>Filmetrics</td><td>F20-UV</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>manipulator consisting of a Klinger tilt stage, a Brinkman rack-and-pinion and a lab jack&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cutting tool/template, LLNL-built, no drawings</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>straight edge, LLNL, no drawings</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tent hoop, LLNL</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>culture dish 190 mm x 100 mm, Pyrex</td><td>VWR</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>20 ml beaker, Pyrex</td><td>VWR</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>250 ml beaker, Pyrex</td><td>VWR</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1,000 ml beaker, Pyrex</td><td>VWR</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>60 ml glass vial with plastic stopper&amp;nbsp;</td><td>VWR</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Petri dish, 150 mm diameter x2, Pyrex</td><td>VWR</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>600 ml beaker x2, Pyrex</td><td>VWR</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>tweezers, stainless steel</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>cutting blade</td><td>Exacto</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>clean room wipes</td><td>Contec&amp;nbsp;</td><td>PNHS-99</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>polyester knit 9/91 IPA/DI water wipes</td><td>Contec&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Prosat&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fluoroware wafer trays</td><td>Ted Pella</td><td>1395-40</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nylon Micro fiber (camel hair)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Disposable BD 3-ml plastic syringe</td><td>VWR</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.2 &amp;#956;m Luer-lock PTFE filters</td><td>Acrodisc&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.45 &amp;#956;m Luer-lock PTFE filters</td><td>Acrodisc&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

fabrication of large-area free-standing ultrathin polymer films

This procedure describes a method for the fabrication of large-area and ultrathin free-standing polymer films. Typically, ultrathin films are prepared using either sacrificial layers, which may damage the film or affect its mechanical properties, or they are made on freshly cleaved mica, a substrate that is difficult to scale. Further, the size of ultrathin film is typically limited to a few square millimeters. In this method, we modify a surface with a polyelectrolyte that alters the strength of adhesion between polymer and deposition substrate. The polyelectrolyte can be shown to remain on the wafer using spectroscopy, and a treated wafer can be used to produce multiple films, indicating that at best minimal amounts of the polyelectrolyte are added to the film. The process has thus far been shown to be limited in scalability only by the size of the coating equipment, and is expected to be readily scalable to industrial processes. In this study, the protocol for making the solutions, preparing the deposition surface, and producing the films is described.

도 1은 대 면적 독립 얇은 폴리머 필름의 예를 나타낸다. 이 55 nm 두께의 폴리 비닐 포르 막이 여기에 설명 된 절차와 13-cm 직경의 강철 후프에 장착하여 제조 하였다. 라미네이션 필름 찢어 이어질 결함을 도입하지 않고 넓은 영역에 걸쳐 발생한다. 따라서, 폴리 비닐 포르의 극한 강도는 매우 얇은 막에 대해서도 이용 될 수있다.도 2는 중&gt; 3 × 5 배 질량 무게 시?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication of Large-area Free-standing Ultrathin Polymer Films at JoVE.com

Fabrication of Large-area Free-standing Ultrathin Polymer Films

We describe a method for the fabrication of large-area (up to 13 cm diameter) and ultrathin (as thin as 8 nm) polymer films. Instead of using a sacrificial interlayer to delaminate the film from its substrate, we use a self-limiting surface treatment suitable for arbitrarily large areas.

대 면적의 제작은 초박막 고분자 필름을 무료 서

This procedure describes a method for the fabrication of large-area and ultrathin free-standing polymer films.  Typically, ultrathin films are prepared ...

fabrication-of-large-area-free-standing-ultrathin-polymer-films

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

15.2K 조회수.  Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. We describe a method for the fabrication of large-area (up to 13 cm diameter) and ultrathin (as thin as 8 nm) polymer films. Instead of using a sacrificial interlayer to delaminate the film from its substrate, we use a self-limiting surface treatment suitable for arbitrarily large areas.

비디오: Fabrication of Large-area Free-standing Ultrathin Polymer Films

Micropunching Lithography for Generating Micro- and Submicron-patterns on Polymer Substrates

Conducting polymers have attracted great attention since the discovery of high conductivity in doped polyacetylene in 19771. They offer the advantages of low weight, easy tailoring of properties and a wide spectrum of applications2,3. Due to sensitivity of conducting polymers to environmental conditions (e.g., air, oxygen, moisture, high temperature and chemical solutions), lithographic techniques present significant technical challenges when working with these materials4. For example, current photolithographic methods, such as ultra-violet (UV), are unsuitable for patterning the conducting polymers due to the involvement of wet and/or dry etching processes in these methods. In addition, current micro/nanosystems mainly have a planar form5,6. One layer of structures is built on the top surfaces of another layer of fabricated features. Multiple layers of these structures are stacked together to form numerous devices on a common substrate. The sidewall surfaces of the microstructures have not been used in constructing devices. On the other hand, sidewall patterns could be used, for example, to build 3-D circuits, modify fluidic channels and direct horizontal growth of nanowires and nanotubes.
A macropunching method has been applied in the manufacturing industry to create macropatterns in a sheet metal for over a hundred years. Motivated by this approach, we have developed a micropunching lithography method (MPL) to overcome the obstacles of patterning conducting polymers and generating sidewall patterns. Like the macropunching method, the MPL also includes two operations (Fig. 1): (i) cutting; and (ii) drawing. The "cutting" operation was applied to pattern three conducting polymers4, polypyrrole (PPy), Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophen)-poly(4-styrenesulphonate) (PEDOT) and polyaniline (PANI). It was also employed to create Al microstructures7. The fabricated microstructures of conducting polymers have been used as humidity8, chemical8, and glucose sensors9. Combined microstructures of Al and conducting polymers have been employed to fabricate capacitors and various heterojunctions9,10,11. The "cutting" operation was also applied to generate submicron-patterns, such as 100- and 500-nm-wide PPy lines as well as 100-nm-wide Au wires. The "drawing" operation was employed for two applications: (i) produce Au sidewall patterns on high density polyethylene (HDPE) channels which could be used for building 3D microsystems12,13,14, and (ii) fabricate polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micropillars on HDPE substrates to increase the contact angle of the channel15.

A micropunching lithography approach is developed to generate micro- and submicron-patterns on top, sidewall and bottom surfaces of polymer substrates. It overcomes the obstacles of patterning conducting polymers and generating sidewall patterns. This method allows rapid fabrication of multiple features and is free of aggressive chemistry.

마이크로 및 Submicron 패턴 폴리머 기판을 생성하기위한 리소그래피를 Micropunching

Conducting polymers have attracted great attention since the discovery of high conductivity in doped polyacetylene in 19771. They offer the advantages of ...

연구

공학

Towards Biomimicking Wood: Fabricated Free-standing Films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a Synthetic Polycation

Woody materials are comprised of plant cell walls that contain a layered secondary cell wall composed of structural polymers of polysaccharides and lignin. Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process which relies on the assembly of oppositely charged molecules from aqueous solutions was used to build a freestanding composite film of isolated wood polymers of lignin and oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC). To facilitate the assembly of these negatively charged polymers, a positively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(diallyldimethylammomium chloride) (PDDA), was used as a linking layer to create this simplified model cell wall. The layered adsorption process was studied quantitatively using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and ellipsometry. The results showed that layer mass/thickness per adsorbed layer increased as a function of total number of layers. The surface coverage of the adsorbed layers was studied with atomic force microscopy (AFM). Complete coverage of the surface with lignin in all the deposition cycles was found for the system, however, surface coverage by NFC increased with the number of layers. The adsorption process was carried out for 250 cycles (500 bilayers) on a cellulose acetate (CA) substrate. Transparent free-standing LBL assembled nanocomposite films were obtained when the CA substrate was later dissolved in acetone. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fractured cross-sections showed a lamellar structure, and the thickness per adsorption cycle (PDDA-Lignin-PDDA-NC) was estimated to be 17 nm for two different lignin types used in the study. The data indicates a film with highly controlled architecture where nanocellulose and lignin are spatially deposited on the nanoscale (a polymer-polymer nanocomposites), similar to what is observed in the native cell wall.

The objective of this research was to form synthetic plant cell wall tissue using layer-by-layer assembly of nanocellulose fibrils and isolated lignin assembled from dilute aqueous suspensions.&#160; Surface measurement techniques of quartz crystal microbalance and atomic force microscopy were used to monitor the formation of the polymer-polymer nanocomposite material.

Nanocellulose, 리그닌의 날조 된 자립형 필름, 및 합성 폴리 양이온 : Biomimicking 나무를 향하여

Woody materials are comprised of plant cell walls that contain a layered secondary cell wall composed of structural polymers of polysaccharides and ...

화학

Layer-by-layer Synthesis and Transfer of Freestanding Conjugated Microporous Polymer Nanomembranes

CMP as large surface area materials have attracted growing interest recently, due to their high variability in the incorporation of functional groups in combination with their outstanding thermal and chemical stability, and low densities. However, their insoluble nature causes problems in their processing since usually applied techniques such as spin coating are not available. Especially for membrane applications, where the processing of CMP as thin films is desirable, the processing problems have hindered their commercial application.
Here we describe the interfacial synthesis of CMP thin films on functionalized substrates via molecular layer-by-layer (l-b-l) synthesis. This process allows the preparation of films with desired thickness and composition and even desired composition gradients.
The use of sacrificial supports allows the preparation of freestanding membranes by dissolution of the support after the synthesis. To handle such ultra-thin freestanding membranes the protection with sacrificial coatings showed great promise, to avoid rupture of the nanomembranes. To transfer the nanomembranes to the desired substrate, the coated membranes are upfloated at the air-liquid interface and then transferred via dip coating.

In this paper we describe the interfacial synthesis of conjugated microporous polymers (CMP) on sacrificial substrates, and the dissolution of the substrate for the preparation of freestanding CMP nanomembranes. In addition, we will describe how the fragile nanomembranes can be transferred to other substrates.

레이어로 레이어 합성 및 독립 구조로 서있는 공역 미세 다공성 고분자 Nanomembranes의 전송

CMP as large surface area materials have attracted growing interest recently, due to their high variability in the incorporation of functional groups in ...

Reactive Vapor Deposition of Conjugated Polymer Films on Arbitrary Substrates

We demonstrate a method of conformally coating conjugated polymers on arbitrary substrates using a custom-designed, low-pressure reaction chamber. Conductive polymers, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (PProDOT), and a semiconducting polymer, poly(thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (PTT), were deposited on unconventional highly-disordered and textured substrates with high surface areas, such as paper, towels and fabrics. This reported deposition chamber is an improvement of previous vapor reactors because our system can accommodate both volatile and nonvolatile monomers, such as 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene. Utilization of both solid and liquid oxidants are also demonstrated. One limitation of this method is that it lacks sophisticated in situ thickness monitors. Polymer coatings made by the commonly used solution-based coating methods, such as spin-coating and surface grafting, are often not uniform or susceptible to mechanical degradation. This reported vapor phase deposition method overcomes those drawbacks and is a strong alternative to common solution-based coating methods. Notably, polymer films coated by the reported method are uniform and conformal on rough surfaces, even at a micrometer scale. This feature allows for future application of vapor deposited polymers in electronics devices on flexible and highly textured substrates.

This paper presents a protocol for reactive vapor deposition of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene), and poly(thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) films on glass slides and rough substrates, such as textiles and paper.

임의 기판에 활용 된 고분자 필름의 반응성 증 착

We demonstrate a method of conformally coating conjugated polymers on arbitrary substrates using a custom-designed, low-pressure reaction chamber. ...

Fabrication of Ultra-thin Color Films with Highly Absorbing Media Using Oblique Angle Deposition

Ultra-thin film structures have been studied extensively for use as optical coatings, but performance and fabrication challenges remain.&#160; We present an advanced method for fabricating ultra-thin color films with improved characteristics. The proposed process addresses several fabrication issues, including large area processing. Specifically, the protocol describes a process for fabricating ultra-thin color films using an electron beam evaporator for oblique angle deposition of germanium (Ge) and gold (Au) on silicon (Si) substrates.&#160; Film porosity produced by the oblique angle deposition induces color changes in the ultra-thin film. The degree of color change depends on factors such as deposition angle and film thickness. Fabricated samples of the ultra-thin color films showed improved color tunability and color purity. In addition, the measured reflectance of the fabricated samples was converted into chromatic values and analyzed in terms of color. Our ultra-thin film fabricating method is expected to be used for various ultra-thin film applications such as flexible color electrodes, thin film solar cells, and optical filters. Also, the process developed here for analyzing the color of the fabricated samples is broadly useful for studying various color structures.

We present a detailed method for fabricating ultra-thin color films with improved characteristics for optical coatings. The oblique angle deposition technique using an electron beam evaporator allows improved color tunability and purity. Fabricated films of Ge and Au on Si substrates were analyzed by reflectance measurements and color information conversion.

기울기 각도 증 착을 사용 하 여 미디어를 흡수 하는 높은 가진 매우 얇은 필름의 제조

Ultra-thin film structures have been studied extensively for use as optical coatings, but performance and fabrication challenges remain.&#160; We present ...

Fabricating Reactive Surfaces with Brush-like and Crosslinked Films of Azlactone-Functionalized Block Co-Polymers

In this paper, fabrication methods that generate novel surfaces using the azlactone-based block co-polymer, poly (glycidyl methacrylate)-block-poly (vinyl dimethyl azlactone) (PGMA-b-PVDMA), are presented. Due to the high reactivity of azlactone groups towards amine, thiol, and hydroxyl groups, PGMA-b-PVDMA surfaces can be modified with secondary molecules to create chemically or biologically functionalized interfaces for a variety of applications. Previous reports of patterned PGMA-b-PVDMA interfaces have used traditional top-down patterning techniques that generate non-uniform films and poorly controlled background chemistries. Here, we describe customized patterning techniques that enable precise deposition of highly uniform PGMA-b-PVDMA films in backgrounds that are chemically inert or that have biomolecule-repellent properties. Importantly, these methods are designed to deposit PGMA-b-PVDMA films in a manner that completely preserves azlactone functionality through each processing step. Patterned films show well-controlled thicknesses that correspond to polymer brushes (~90 nm) or to highly crosslinked structures (~1-10 &#956;m). Brush patterns are generated using either the parylene lift-off or interface directed assembly methods described and are useful for precise modulation of overall chemical surface reactivity by adjusting either the PGMA-b-PVDMA pattern density or the length of the VDMA block. In contrast, the thick, crosslinked PGMA-b-PVDMA patterns are obtained using a customized micro-contact printing technique and offer the benefit of higher loading or capture of secondary material due to higher surface area to volume ratios. Detailed experimental steps, critical film characterizations, and trouble-shooting guides for each fabrication method are discussed.

Surface fabrication methods for patterned deposition of nanometer thick brushes or micron thick, crosslinked films of an azlactone block co-polymer are reported. Critical experimental steps, representative results, and limitations of each method are discussed. These methods are useful for creating functional interfaces with tailored physical features and tunable surface reactivity.

브러쉬 모양의 반응 표면 날조 및 Azlactone 기능성된 블록 공동 고분자의 가교 된 영화

In this paper, fabrication methods that generate novel surfaces using the azlactone-based block co-polymer, poly (glycidyl methacrylate)-block-poly (vinyl ...

Thin Film Composite Silicon Elastomers for Cell Culture and Skin Applications: Manufacturing and Characterization

In this protocol, we present methods to fabricate thin elastomer composite films for advanced cell culture applications and for the development of skin adhesives. Two different poly-(dimethyl siloxanes) (PDMS and soft skin adhesive (SSA)), have been used for in depth investigation of biological effects and adhesive characteristics. The composite films consist of a flexible backing layer and an adhesive top coating. Both layers have been manufactured by doctor blade application technique. In the present investigation, the adhesive behavior of the composite films has been investigated as a function of the layer thickness or a variation of the Young&#39;s modulus of the top layer. The Young&#39;s modulus of PDMS has been changed by varying the base to crosslinker mixing ratio. In addition, the thickness of SSA films has been varied from approx. 16 &#181;m to approx. 320 &#181;m. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy have been used for thickness measurements. The adhesive properties of elastomer films depend strongly on the film thickness, the Young&#39;s modulus of the polymers and surface characteristics. Therefore, normal adhesion of these films on glass substrates exhibiting smooth and rough surfaces has been investigated. Pull-off stress and work of separation are dependent on the mixing ratio of silicone elastomers.
Additionally, the thickness of the soft skin adhesive placed on top of a supportive backing layer has been varied in order to produce patches for skin applications. Cytotoxicity, proliferation and cellular adhesion of L929 murine fibroblasts on PDMS films (mixing ratio 10:1) and SSA films (mixing ratio 50:50) have been conducted. We have shown here, for the first time, the side by side comparison of thin composite films manufactured of both polymers and present the investigation of their biological- and adhesive properties.

A protocol for the manufacturing process of polymeric thin film composite structures possessing either different Young&#39;s moduli or thicknesses is presented. Films are produced for advanced cell culture studies or as skin adhesives.

세포 배양 및 피부 응용 프로그램에 대 한 영화 복합 실리콘 탄성 체를 얇은: 제조 및 특성

In this protocol, we present methods to fabricate thin elastomer composite films for advanced cell culture applications and for the development of skin ...

발생학

Procedure for the Transfer of Polymer Films Onto Porous Substrates with Minimized Defects

The fabrication of devices containing thin film composite membranes necessitates the transfer of these films onto the surfaces of arbitrary support substrates. Accomplishing this transfer in a highly controlled, mechanized, and reproducible manner can eliminate the creation of macroscale defect structures (e.g., tears, cracks, and wrinkles) within the thin film that compromise device performance and the usable area per sample. Here, we describe a general protocol for the highly controlled and mechanized transfer of a polymeric thin film onto an arbitrary porous support substrate for eventual use as a water filtration membrane device. Specifically, we fabricate a block copolymer (BCP) thin film on top of a sacrificial, water-soluble poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) layer and silicon wafer substrate. We then utilize a custom-designed, 3D-printed transfer tool and drain chamber system to deposit, lift-off, and transfer the BCP thin film onto the center of a porous anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) support disc. The transferred BCP thin film is shown to be consistently placed onto the center of the support surface due to the guidance of the meniscus formed between the water and the 3D-printed plastic drain chamber. We also compare our mechanized transfer-processed thin films to those that have been transferred by hand with the use of tweezers. Optical inspection and image analysis of the transferred thin films from the mechanized process confirm that little-to-no macroscale inhomogeneities or plastic deformations are produced, as compared to the multitude of tears and wrinkles produced from manual transfer by hand. Our results suggest that the proposed strategy for thin film transfer can reduce defects when compared to other methods across many systems and applications.

We present a procedure for highly controlled and wrinkle-free transfer of block copolymer thin films onto porous support substrates using a 3D-printed drain chamber. The drain chamber design is of general relevance to all procedures involving transfer of macromolecular films onto porous substrates, which is normally done by hand in an irreproducible fashion.

결함이 최소화된 다공성 기판에 폴리머 필름 을 이송하는 절차

The fabrication of devices containing thin film composite membranes necessitates the transfer of these films onto the surfaces of arbitrary support ...

A Femtoliter Droplet Array for Massively Parallel Protein Synthesis from Single DNA Molecules

Advances in spatial resolution and detection sensitivity of scientific instrumentation make it possible to apply small reactors for biological and chemical research. To meet the demand for high-performance microreactors, we developed a femtoliter droplet array (FemDA) device and exemplified its application in massively parallel cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) reactions. Over one million uniform droplets were readily generated within a finger-sized area using a two-step oil-sealing protocol. Every droplet was anchored in a femtoliter microchamber composed of a hydrophilic bottom and a hydrophobic sidewall. The hybrid hydrophilic-in-hydrophobic structure and the dedicated sealing oils and surfactants are crucial for stably retaining the femtoliter aqueous solution in the femtoliter space without evaporation loss. The femtoliter configuration and the simple structure of the FemDA device allowed minimal reagent consumption. The uniform dimension of the droplet reactors made large-scale quantitative and time-course measurements convincing and reliable. The FemDA technology correlated the protein yield of the CFPS reaction with the number of DNA molecules in each droplet. We streamlined the procedures about the microfabrication of the device, the formation of the femtoliter droplets, and the acquisition and analysis of the microscopic image data. The detailed protocol with the optimized low running cost makes the FemDA technology accessible to everyone who has standard cleanroom facilities and a conventional fluorescence microscope in their own place.

The overall goal of the protocol is to prepare over one million ordered, uniform, stable, and biocompatible femtoliter droplets on a 1 cm2 planar substrate that can be used for cell-free protein synthesis.

단일 DNA 분자에서 대규모 병렬 단백질 합성을 위한 펨토리터 물방울 배열

Advances in spatial resolution and detection sensitivity of scientific instrumentation make it possible to apply small reactors for biological and ...

A Simple and Scalable Fabrication Method for Organic Electronic Devices on Textiles

Today, wearable electronics devices combine a large variety of functional, stretchable, and flexible technologies. However, in many cases, these devices cannot be worn under everyday conditions. Therefore, textiles are commonly considered the best substrate to accommodate electronic devices in wearable use. In this paper, we describe how to selectively pattern organic electroactive materials on textiles from a solution in an easy and scalable manner. This versatile deposition technique enables the fabrication of wearable organic electronic devices on clothes.

In this paper, we present a protocol to selectively deposit organic materials on textiles, which allows for the direct integration of organic electronic devices with wearables. The fabricated devices can be fully integrated in textiles, respecting their mechanical appearance and enabling sensing capabilities.

섬유에 유기 전자 장치를위한 간편하고 확장 가능한 제조 방법

Today, wearable electronics devices combine a large variety of functional, stretchable, and flexible technologies. However, in many cases, these devices ...