This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants HL087990 (G.L.).

윤리 선언문 : (330~380g 무게) 남성 성인 흰쥐이 프로토콜에 사용되었다. 이 프로토콜은 LSU 건강 과학 센터 - 슈 리브 포트에서 기관 동물 관리 및 사용위원회 (IACUC)의 승인 (제 8 판, 국립 과학 아카데미 2011 &#39;실험실 동물의 관리 및 사용을위한 설명서&#39;을 준수하였습니다 ). 수정 된 PE-50 튜브의 1 준비 <ol><li> 점차적으로 튜브를 부드럽게, 손에 의해 가스 불 위의 30cm 긴 PE-50 튜브를 잡습니다. 부드럽게 튜브를 스트레칭. </li><li> 디지털 캘리퍼스 (그림 1)를 사용하여 연신 튜브에 지점을 선택하고, 그것을 표시하고 (외경 : 0.30-0.34 mm) 1cm 길이 끝이 25cm 긴 세그먼트로 수정 된 PE-50 튜브를 잘라. </li></ol> 동종 혈액 응고 2 준비 <ol><li> 70 % N 2 O 30 % O의 이소 플루 란 (유도 5 %, 유지 보수를 위해 2 ~ 3 %)로 쥐를 마취 &lt;채혈하기 전에 얼굴에 마스크에 의해 서브&gt; 2. 발가락 핀치에 의해 마취를 확인합니다. </li><li> 발행 방법 4 기증자 쥐의 대퇴 동맥 삽관을 수행하고 20cm 긴 PE-50 튜브에 직접 대퇴 동맥의 혈액을 전송합니다. 혈전이 혈액을 실온에서 2 시간 동안 튜브를 놓은 다음 4 ℃에서 22 시간 동안 튜브를 유지합니다. 참고 : 삽관 단계 3.1에 ​​설명 된대로 무균 기술을 사용하여 수행됩니다. 기증자 쥐 더욱 샘플링 회수한다. </li><li> 50mm 세그먼트로 PE-50 튜브를 잘라 생리 식염수가 들어있는 멸균 페트리 접시에 관에서 혈전을 세척하십시오. </li><li> 60mm 긴 PE-10 튜브에 50mm에게 긴 혈전을 전송하고 23 G 바늘을 생리 식염수를 포함하는 1 ML의 주사기에 연결된 20cm 긴 PE-50 관에 PE-10 튜브의 각 끝을 연결합니다 (그림 2) . </li><li> 혈액 세포를 제거 할 수있는, 5 분 동안 다른 하나의 주사기로부터의 연속 교호 이동에 의해 응고 시프트응고와 섬유소 코어를 방해하지 않고, 혈관 외 응고 된 혈전의 허약을 최소화 할 수 있습니다. </li><li> 40mm 긴 세그먼트로 혈전을 자르고 무균 조건 하에서 단계 1.2에 설명 된대로 수정 된 PE-50 카테터로 혈전 세그먼트를 전송합니다. 참고 : 모든 PE 튜브가 산화 에틸렌 살균된다. </li></ol> 3 색전 중간 대뇌 동맥 폐색 (그림 3A, B) <ol><li> (최소 121 ° C, 15 분 15 PSI를) 고압 증기 멸균하여 모든 수술 도구를 소독. 70 % 에탄올을 사용하여 수술 테이블과 연관된 수술 장비를 살균. </li><li> 2.1 단계에 설명 된대로 이소 플루 란과 함께 쥐를 마취. 모두 뒤 발에 발가락 핀치를 수행하여 마취의 깊이를 테스트하고 (발을 인출) 모든 관찰 운동은 동물이 수술을 할 충분히 마취가 아님을 나타냅니다. 마취 동안 건조를 방지하기 위해 두 눈에 수의사 연고의 작은 금액을 적용합니다. 복부 목과 머리 재에 털을 면도전기 면도기와 gions은 피부 영역을 노출시킨다. </li><li> 가열 패드에 누운 자세에서 쥐를 놓습니다. 직장 프로브, 컨트롤을 삽입하고 homeothermic 담요 제어 장치를 사용하여 36.5-37.5 ° C 사이의 체온을 유지한다. </li><li> 70 % 에탄올이어서 10 % 포비돈 - 요오드와 면도 피부와 주변 모피 소독. </li><li> 해부 현미경 목에 2 cm 길이의 중간 선 절개를합니다. 수술 부위를 노출하고 오른쪽 경동맥 (CCA), 외부 경동맥 (ECA), 내 경동맥 (ICA) 및 pterygopalatine 동맥 (PPA) 주변 신경 및 근막 (그림 3A)에서 무료 해부 견인기를 사용합니다. 참고 : 길잡이 동물을 준비하는 데 도움이없는 경우 수술 전에 멸균 장갑을 변경합니다. </li><li> (미주 신경에 손상을주지 않고) 주변 신경에서 CCA 무료 해부 및 동맥에서 멸균 5-0 실크 봉합사를 배치합니다. 슬립 매듭 (# 1)을 묶어 작은 HEMOS을 사용하여 봉합을 파악문신과는 몸으로 가르쳐 당깁니다. </li><li> ECA와 그 두 가지, 후두 동맥 (OA) 및 갑상선 동맥 (STA)을 해부하다. 수의학 전기 수술 장치를 사용하여 두 가지를 응고. ECA에서 멸균 6-0 실크 봉합사의 두 조각을 놓습니다. </li><li> 동맥, 머리를 향해 한 조각 (선단) 몸으로 다른 아래에 위치이 실크를 분리합니다. (2 #) 머리에 가장 가까운 측면에 작은 지혈제와 실크를 잡고 머리를 향해 가르쳐 당겨 꽉 합자 타이. 나중에 사용하기 위해 다른 실크 느슨한 매듭 (# 3)를 준비합니다. </li><li> (미주 신경에 손상을주지 않고) 주변 신경에서 ICA와 PPA를 해부하다. 6-0 봉합사 (# 4)와 PPA를 묶어. ICA (# 5) 약 6-0 봉합과 슬립 매듭을합니다. 다르게는, 미세 혈관 클립을 사용하여 ICA 클립. </li><li> Vannas 스타일의 봄 가위로 꽉 (# 2) 느슨한 (# 3) 합자 사이의 ECA에 작은 구멍 (를 통해 2)를 잘라. 수정 된 PE-50 욕조를 삽입CCA의 분기점에 절개를 사전에 혈전이 포함 된 전자. (3 #) 충분한 루멘 주변에 거주하는 튜브의 이동성을 보존 확보하기 위해 느슨한 합자를 조입니다. </li><li> 그루터기를 해제하고 ECA와 ICA의 분기점 아래의 그루터기를 배치하는 작은 구멍의 사이트에서 ECA를 잘라; 이 개질 관 쉽게 ICA로 밀어 허용 할 것이다. ICA를 열고 카테터의 끝이 MCA의 근원에 도달 할 때까지 부드럽게 (~ 분기점에서 17mm를) ICA에 ECA의 루멘에서 튜브를 진행합니다. 참고 : 전에 ECA, 70 % 에탄올로 튜브의 멸균 외부 표면에 튜브의 끝 부분을 삽입 한 다음 멸균 생리 식염수로 씻어. </li><li> 100 μL 해밀턴 주사기 (그림 3B)를 사용하여 10 초 이상 생리 식염수 10 ㎕를 함께 수정 된 PE-50 카테터를 통해 혈전을 주입한다. </li><li> 5 분 후에 ECA에서 카테터를 철회. ECA를 묶어 CCA를 다시 엽니 다. 목에 절개를 봉합. </li></ol> (4) 모니터링 지역 대뇌 혈류 (rCBF) <ol><li> 이전 MCA 폐색으로, 두개골의 뼈를 노출 두피에 1.2 cm 긴 중간 선 절개를합니다. 치과 스크레이퍼 및 멸균면 스왑과 두개골 뼈의 조직을 제거합니다. 참고 : 수술 전에 노출 된 두피 지역 및 주변 모피는 70 % 에탄올 다음 10 % 포비돈 요오드로 소독한다. </li><li> 2mm 후방 및 0.7 mm 구형 스테인레스 버어 (도 4)를 이용하여 5mm 브레 그마 측방에 위치한 직경 1.5 mm 버 홀을 뚫는다. 주 : 그대로 두라을 유지합니다. </li><li> 프로브에게 경질 표면 위의 0.5 mm를 놓습니다. 0 (베이스 라인)에서 rCBF, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90을 모니터링하고 색전술 후 및 120 분에서 계속 5, 15, 30, 45, 및 tPA의 정맥 내 투여 후 60 분. rCBF의 마지막 측정 후, 두피 절개는 봉합에 의해 폐쇄된다. 참고 : 목 절개를하기 전에 우리가 MCA의 occlus 전 기준으로 rCBF을 측정이온. 포스트 MCA 폐색 우리는 목 절개 봉합 폐쇄 후 rCBF을 측정한다. 따라서, 목 절개 무균 유지된다. </li></ol> (5) 수술 후 케어 <ol><li> 탈수를 방지하고 즉시 수술과 통증 완화에 필요한 모든 6 ~ 12 시간 후 Buprenex (0.05 ㎎ / ㎏, SC)를 주입하는 식염수를 피하의 2.5 ml에 주입한다. </li><li> 이소 플루 란 마취를 중지합니다. 37 ° C 수의학 회수 챔버에 쥐를 놓고 (동물을 따뜻하게 유지) 관찰을 유지합니다. 쥐가 마취에서 회복하는 것은 일반적으로 10 분입니다. 그런 다음, 멸균 케이지에 동물을 넣어 장에 페트리 접시에 약간 젖은 음식을 놓고 동물 살균 방에 케이지를 반환합니다. </li><li> 뇌졸중 후 24 시간이 나트륨 펜토 바르 비탈 (100 ㎎ / ㎏ 체중, IP)의 과다로 래트를 안락사. </li></ol> (6) 신경 적자 점수 <ol><li> 전 색전술 후 2 시간에서 Bederson 점수를 수행합니다. 등급의를 사용하여0-3의 케일이 아니라 이전에 5 설명 : 꼬리 쥐를 올리는 공을 바닥에 두 앞발을 확장하고 다른 적자를 나타내지 않는 동물 (정상 동작); 한, 꼬리 쥐를 제기 반대측 앞다리 플렉스; 도 2는 선회하지 않고 횡 푸시 (및 앞다리 굴곡)에 대한 내성을 감소; 3, 돌고와 등급이 동일한 동작. 참고 : 색전술 후 2 시간에서 Bederson 점수 = 0 (적자)을 보여주는 쥐가 더 많은 연구에서 제외됩니다. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Overgaard, K., Sereghy, T., Boysen, G., Pedersen, H., H&#248;yer, S., Diemer, N. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+rat+model+of+reproducible+cerebral+infarction+using+thrombotic+blood+clot+emboli.">A rat model of reproducible cerebral infarction using thrombotic blood clot emboli.</a> J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 12 (3), 484-490 (1992).</li><li>Zhang, R. L., Chopp, M., Zhang, Z. G., Jiang, Q., Ewing, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+rat+model+of+focal+embolic+cerebral+ischemia.">A rat model of focal embolic cerebral ischemia.</a> Brain Res. 766 (1-2), 83-92 (1997).</li><li>Dinapoli, V. A., Rosen, C. L., Nagamine, T., Crocco, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selective+MCA+occlusion:+a+precise+embolic+stroke+model.">Selective MCA occlusion: a precise embolic stroke model.</a> J. Neurosci. Methods. 154 (1-2), 233-238 (2006).</li><li>Jespersen, B., Knupp, L., Northcott, C. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Femoral+arterial+and+venous+catheterization+for+blood+sampling,+drug+administration+and+conscious+blood+pressure+and+heart+rate+measurements.">Femoral arterial and venous catheterization for blood sampling, drug administration and conscious blood pressure and heart rate measurements.</a> J Vis Exp. 59 (3496), (2012).</li><li>Bederson, J. B., Pitts, L. H., Tsuji, M., Nishimura, M. C., Davis, R. L., Bartkowski, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rat+middle+cerebral+artery+occlusion:+evaluation+of+the+model+and+development+of+a+neurologic+examination.">Rat middle cerebral artery occlusion: evaluation of the model and development of a neurologic examination.</a> Stroke. 17 (3), 472-476 (1986).</li><li>Henninger, N., Bouley, J., Br&#229;tane, B. T., Bastan, B., Shea, M., Fisher, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laser+Doppler+flowmetry+predicts+occlusion+but+not+tPA-mediated+reperfusion+success+after+rat+embolic+stroke.">Laser Doppler flowmetry predicts occlusion but not tPA-mediated reperfusion success after rat embolic stroke.</a> Exp Neurol. 215 (2), 290-297 (2009).</li><li>Zhu, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Annexin+A2+combined+with+low-dose+tPA+improves+thrombolytic+therapy+in+a+rat+model+of+focal+embolic+stroke.">Annexin A2 combined with low-dose tPA improves thrombolytic therapy in a rat model of focal embolic stroke.</a> J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 30 (6), 1137-1146 (2010).</li><li>Cheng, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Activated+protein+C+inhibits+tissue+plasminogen+activator-induced+brain+hemorrhage.">Activated protein C inhibits tissue plasminogen activator-induced brain hemorrhage.</a> Nat Med. 2 (11), 1278-1285 (2006).</li><li>Taniguchi, H., Andreasson, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+hypoxic-ischemic+encephalopathy+model+of+perinatal+ischemia.">The hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy model of perinatal ischemia.</a> J Vis Exp. 21 (955), (2008).</li><li>Sicard, K. M., Fisher, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+of+focal+brain+ischemia.">Animal models of focal brain ischemia.</a> Exp Transl Stroke Med. 1 (7), (2009).</li><li>Florian, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+hypothermia+reduces+infarct+volume+in+aged+rats+after+focal+ischemia.">Long-term hypothermia reduces infarct volume in aged rats after focal ischemia.</a> Neurosci Lett. 438 (2), 180-185 (2008).</li><li>Noor, R., Wang, C. X., Shuaib, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+hyperthermia+on+infarct+volume+in+focal+embolic+model+of+cerebral+ischemia+in+rats.">Effects of hyperthermia on infarct volume in focal embolic model of cerebral ischemia in rats.</a> Neurosci Lett. 349 (2), 130-132 (2003).</li><li>Westendorp, W. F., Nederkoorn, P. J., Vermeij, J. D., Dijkgraaf, M. G., van de Beek, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Post-stroke+infection:+a+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">Post-stroke infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> BMC Neurol. 11 (110), (2011).</li></ol>

We do not have any potential conflicting interests to disclose.

본 연구에서 우리는 MCA의 원점이 풍부한 피브린 응고에 의해 폐색 된 쥐에서 색 전성 뇌졸중 MCAO 모델을 수행하기위한 표준 방법을 설명했다. 이 모델의 주요 장점은 : 피브린 풍부한 혈병과 MCA의 줄기의 폐색은 인간에서 혈전 색 전성 뇌졸중 유사 색 전성 뇌졸중 모델 혈전 용해 요법의 전임상 연구를 수행하기에 적합하고,이 모델을 개발할 수 있음 MCA에 의해 공급 영토 내에서 재현하고 예측 경?...

A correction was made to <a href="/video/51956">Embolic Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) for Ischemic Stroke with Homologous Blood Clots in Rats</a>. The institution information was updated.
The institution "Louisiana State University Health Science Center" was changed to "Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport".

A correction was made to <a href="/video/51956">Embolic Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) for Ischemic Stroke with Homologous Blood Clots in Rats</a>. The institution information was updated.

Erratum: Embolic Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) for Ischemic Stroke with Homologous Blood Clots in Rats

뇌졸중은 미국에서 사망의 세 번째 주요 원인이지만, 급성 뇌졸중의 치료 옵션이 제한 남아있다. 현재, 혈전을 용해하는 재조합 조직 플라스 미노 겐 활성제 (TPA)의 정맥 주입은 급성 허혈성 뇌졸중에 대한 가장 효과적인 치료법이다. 그러나, tPA의 사용은 좁은 치료 창이과 뇌출혈의 위험 증가에 의해 제한됩니다. 따라서 혈전 용해 연구에 적합한 행정의 모델을 긴급하게 필요합니다. 중대 뇌동맥 (MCA)는 가장 자주 인간 스트로크에 가려 동맥이다. 이 동맥에 초점을 맞춘, 허혈성 뇌졸중의 여러 동물 모델이 설정되어있는 것. 현재, MCA를 폐색에 의해 쥐 초점 허혈 모델의 두 가지 주요 유형이 개발되어 있습니다 : 봉합 MCAO 모델과 전성 MCAO 모델. 관내 봉합 MCAO 기법을 통해 모델 널리기구 구동 스트로크 연구에 사용되어 왔지만, 이러한 봉합 모델 몰라인간의 스트로크의 80 %까지로 모방 인간의 스트로크는, 혈전이나 색전에 의해 발생합니다. 그러나, 혈액 응고를 사용하여 색 전성 뇌졸중 모델은 밀접하게 인간의 스트로크를 모방하고 혈전 용해 연구에 적합한 것으로 간주됩니다. 이 전성 모델은 1992 년에 처음 Overgaard 등. 1 쥐에서 개발 및 추가 장 등을 특징으로했다. 1,997 두와 디 나폴리 등에 의해. 2,006 3. 전성 MCAO 증가 주목을 받았다 있지만, 직면 한 기술적 문제가 많은 실험실에 의해. 이 문서에서는, 우리는 MCA 영토 내에서 예측 경색을 개발할 수 있습니다 성인 쥐에서 동종 혈액 응고와 색전 MCAO을 생산하기위한 표준 방법을 보여줍니다. 이 문서에 제시된 기술은 연구자 뇌졸중 연구를위한이 모델을 설정하기위한 기술적 인 문제를 극복하는 데 도움이됩니다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="739">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:232px;">rh-tPA</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Chemical</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Genentech</td>
			<td style="width:135px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:232px;">2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Chemical</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">T8877</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:232px;">Anesthesia vaporizer</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Soma Technology</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Drager Vapor 19.1&#160;&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:232px;">Rechargeable high speed micro drill</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">18000-17</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Curved scissors</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">14117-14</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:232px;">Dumont forceps(Medical #7)</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">11270-20</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:232px;">Dumont forceps(Medical #5)</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">11251-35</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:232px;">Vannas-style spring scissors</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>15000-03</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:232px;">Veterinary recovery chamber&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Equipment&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Peco Services&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">V1200&#160;&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:232px;">Genie plus syringe pump</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Kent Scientific Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:135px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:232px;">Rat brain matrix</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Kent Scientific Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">RBMA-310C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:232px;">Digital caliper&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">501601</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:232px;">Dissecting microscope</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">PZMTIII-BS-LWD</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:232px;">Hamilton syringe</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Hamilton</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">model 710</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:232px;">Homeothermic blanket control unit</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:232px;">Electric clipper</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Braintree Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">CLP-9931</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:232px;">Veterinary electrosurgical unit</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">MACAN Manufacturing Company</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">MV-9</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:232px;">Blood flowmeter</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Adinstruments</td>
			<td style="width:135px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:232px;">PowerLab 4/30</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Adinstruments</td>
			<td style="width:135px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="18">
			<td height="18" style="height:18px;width:232px;">LabChart 7.2</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">software</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Adinstruments</td>
			<td style="width:135px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:232px;">1ml syringe</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Consumable</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Becton, Dickinson and Company</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">309659</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:232px;">23G needle</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Consumable</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Becton, Dickinson and Company</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">305143</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:232px;">30G needle</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Consumable</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Becton, Dickinson and Company</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">305106</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:232px;">PE-50 tubing</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Consumable</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Becton, Dickinson and Company</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">427517</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:232px;">PE-10 tubing</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Consumable</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Becton, Dickinson and Company</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">427400</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:232px;">6-0 Silk suture</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Consumable</td>
			<td>Harvard apparatus</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">723287</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:232px;">5-0 Silk suture</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Consumable</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td>517607</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (mcao) for ischemic stroke with homologous blood clots in rats

재조합 조직 플라스 미노 겐 활성제 (TPA)의 사용과 임상, 혈전 용해 치료는 급성 허혈성 뇌졸중의 가장 효과적인 치료 남아있다. 그러나, tPA의 사용은 좁은 치료 윈도우 의해 출혈성 변형의 위험 증가에 의해 제한된다. 허혈성 뇌졸중의 치료를위한 새로운 혈전 용해제 및 전략을 연구하기 적합한 뇌졸중 모델을 개발하기위한 시급한 필요성이있다. 관내 봉합 MCAO 및 색전 MCAO : 현재, 허혈성 뇌졸중 모델의 두 가지 주요 유형은 쥐와 생쥐에서 개발되었다. 관내 봉합 MCAO 기법을 통해 모델 널리기구 구동 스트로크 연구에 사용되어 왔지만, 이러한 봉합 모델 임상 상황을 모방하지 혈전 및 연구에 적합하지 않는다. 이러한 모델 중 전성 MCAO 모델은 밀접하게 인간의 허혈성 뇌졸중을 모방하고 혈전 용해 치료의 임상 연구에 적합하다. 이 전성 모델은 첫째 OV에 의해 쥐에서 개발 된1992 년. 등 1 ergaard 또한 장 등이 특징. 1,997 2. 전성 MCAO가 관심을 증가 얻고있다하더라도, 많은 실험실에서 직면 기술적 인 문제가 있습니다. 혈전 용해 연구에 대한 증가하는 요구를 충족하기 위해, 우리는 MCA 영토 내에서 예측 경색 볼륨을 개발할 수 쥐에 전성 MCAO의 높은 재현성 모델을 제시한다. 요컨대, 변성 PE-50 튜브 부드럽게 MCA의 원점에 도달 카테터의 팁까지 내 경동맥 (ICA)의 내강에 외부 경동맥 (ECA)에서 전진된다. 카테터를 통해 하나의 동종 혈액 응고는 MCA의 기원에 배치됩니다. MCA 폐색의 성공을 식별하는 지역 뇌 혈류량을 모니터링하고, 신경 학적 결손 및 경색 부피를 측정 하였다. 이 논문에서 제시 한 기술은 뇌졸중 연구를위한 모델을 구축하기위한 기술적 인 문제를 극복하기 위해 수사관을 도움이 될 것이다. &lt;/ P&gt;

레이저 도플러 flowmetry (LDF)는 뇌허혈 6,7의 유도시 rCBF를 모니터링하는 데 사용 하였다. 우리 연구실을 포함한 많은 실험실이 성공 MCA 폐색 동물을 식별 할 수 rCBF를 사용하고 있지만,베이스 라인의 임계 값은 측정 사이트에 관련된 실험실 사이에서 변화. LDF의 프로브는 2mm의 후방에 배치되고, 이전에 설명한 바와 같이 6 5mm는 브레 그마 측방. rCBF 0에서 모니터 된 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 및 120...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Embolic Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion MCAO for Ischemic Stroke with Homologous Blood Clots in Rats at JoVE.com

Embolic Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion MCAO for Ischemic Stroke with Homologous Blood Clots in Rats

In this paper, we demonstrate a standard method for producing an embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion with homologous blood clots (fibrin-rich) in adult rat. This model closely mimics human ischemic stroke and is suitable for preclinical study of thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke.

흰쥐의 동종 혈액 혈전과 허혈성 뇌졸중에 대한 전성 중간 대뇌 동맥 폐색 (MCAO)

Clinically, thrombolytic therapy with use of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) remains the most effective treatment for acute ischemic ...

embolic-middle-cerebral-artery-occlusion-mcao-for-ischemic-stroke

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Embolic Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) for Ischemic Stroke with Homologous Blood Clots in Rats

26.8K 조회수.  Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport. In this paper, we demonstrate a standard method for producing an embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion with homologous blood clots (fibrin-rich) in adult rat. This model closely mimics human ischemic stroke and is suitable for preclinical study of thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke. 

비디오: Embolic Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion MCAO for Ischemic Stroke with Homologous Blood Clots in Rats

Modeling Stroke in Mice - Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion with the Filament Model

Stroke is among the most frequent causes of death and adult disability, especially in highly developed countries. However, treatment options to date are very limited. To meet the need for novel therapeutic approaches, experimental stroke research frequently employs rodent models of focal cerebral ischaemia. Most researchers use permanent or transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in mice or rats.
Proximal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) via the intraluminal suture technique (so called filament or suture model) is probably the most frequently used model in experimental stroke research. The intraluminal MCAO model offers the advantage of inducing reproducible transient or permanent ischaemia of the MCA territory in a relatively non-invasive manner. Intraluminal approaches interrupt the blood flow of the entire territory of this artery. Filament occlusion thus arrests flow proximal to the lenticulo-striate arteries, which supply the basal ganglia. Filament occlusion of the MCA results in reproducible lesions in the cortex and striatum and can be either permanent or transient. In contrast, models inducing distal (to the branching of the lenticulo-striate arteries) MCA occlusion typically spare the striatum and primarily involve the neocortex. In addition these models do require craniectomy. In the model demonstrated in this article, a silicon coated filament is introduced into the common carotid artery and advanced along the internal carotid artery into the Circle of Willis, where it blocks the origin of the middle cerebral artery. In patients, occlusions of the middle cerebral artery are among the most common causes of ischaemic stroke. Since varying ischemic intervals can be chosen freely in this model depending on the time point of reperfusion, ischaemic lesions with varying degrees of severity can be produced. Reperfusion by removal of the occluding filament at least partially models the restoration of blood flow after spontaneous or therapeutic (tPA) lysis of a thromboembolic clot in humans.
In this video we will present the basic technique as well as the major pitfalls and confounders which may limit the predictive value of this model.

Filamentous occlusion of the Middle cerebral artery is a common model for studying ischemic stroke in mice.

마우스의 모델링 스트로크 - 필라멘트 모델 중간 대뇌 동맥 폐색

Stroke is among the most frequent causes of death and adult disability, especially in highly developed countries. However, treatment options to date are ...

연구

의학

Mouse Model of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

Stroke is the most common fatal neurological disease in the United States 1. The majority of strokes (88%) result from blockage of blood vessels in the brain (ischemic stroke) 2. Since most ischemic strokes (~80%) occur in the territory of middle cerebral artery (MCA) 3, many animal stroke models that have been developed have focused on this artery. The intraluminal monofilament model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) involves the insertion of a surgical filament into the external carotid artery and threading it forward into the internal carotid artery (ICA) until the tip occludes the origin of the MCA, resulting in a cessation of blood flow and subsequent brain infarction in the MCA territory 4. The technique can be used to model permanent or transient occlusion 5. If the suture is removed after a certain interval (30 min, 1 h, or 2 h), reperfusion is achieved (transient MCAO); if the filament is left in place (24 h) the procedure is suitable as a model of permanent MCAO. This technique does not require craniectomy, a neurosurgical procedure to remove a portion of skull, which may affect intracranial pressure and temperature 6. It has become the most frequently used method to mimic permanent and transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats and mice 7,8. To evaluate the extent of cerebral infarction, we stain brain slices with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) to identify ischemic brain tissue 9. In this video, we demonstrate the MCAO method and the determination of infarct size by TTC staining.

We demonstrate in the video a method for producing a middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult mice using an intraluminal monofilament. We also show how to evaluate the extent of cerebral infarction by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining.

중간 대뇌 동맥 폐색의 마우스 모델

Stroke is the most common fatal neurological disease in the United States 1. The majority of strokes (88%) result from blockage of blood vessels in the ...

Intraluminal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) Model for Ischemic Stroke with Laser Doppler Flowmetry Guidance in Mice

Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of disability in the world, with an estimated cost of near $70 billion 
in the United States in 20091,2. The intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was developed by Koizumi4 in 1986 to simulate this 
impactful human pathology in the rat. A modification of the MCAO method was later presented by Longa3. Both techniques have been widely used to identify 
molecular mechanisms of brain injury resulting from ischemic stroke and potential therapeutic modalities5. This relatively noninvasive method in rats has been 
extended to use in mice to take advantage of transgenic and knockout strains6,7. To model focal cerebral ischemia, an intraluminal suture is advanced via 
the internal carotid artery to occlude the base of the MCA. Retracting the suture after a specified period of time mimics spontaneous reperfusion, but the 
suture can also be permanently retained. This video will be demonstrating the two major approaches for performing intraluminal MCAO procedure in mice in a 
stepwise fashion, as well as providing insights for potential drawbacks and pitfalls. The ischemic brain tissue will subsequently be stained by 
2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) to evaluate the extent of cerebral infarction8.

Intraluminal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion MCAO Model for Ischemic Stroke with Laser Doppler Flowmetry Guidance in Mice

The intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model is the most frequent used model among experimental ischemic stroke models. Here we will demonstrate the entire model in detail with the guide of Laser Doppler flowmetry, and its representative results.

마우스의 레이저 도플러 Flowmetry 안내와 허혈성 뇌졸중에 대한 중간 대뇌 동맥 Intraluminal 폐색 (MCAO) 모델

Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of disability in the world, with an estimated cost of near $70 billion 
in the United ...

Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion as an Adequate Preconditioning Stimulus to Induce Early Ischemic Tolerance to Focal Cerebral Ischemia

There is accumulating evidence, that ischemic preconditioning - a non-damaging ischemic challenge to the brain - confers a transient protection to a subsequent damaging ischemic insult. We have established bilateral common carotid artery occlusion as a preconditioning stimulus to induce early ischemic tolerance to transient focal cerebral ischemia in C57Bl6/J mice. In this video, we will demonstrate the methodology used for this study.

There is accumulating evidence, that ischemic preconditioning (PC) &#x2013; a non-damaging ischemic challenge to the brain - confers a transient protection to a subsequent damaging ischemic insult. We established bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) as a preconditioning stimulus to induce early ischemic tolerance (IT) to transient focal cerebral ischemia (induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion, MCAO) in C57Bl6/J mice.

초점 대뇌 국소 빈혈에 조기 허혈성 공차를 유도하기 위해 적절한 전처리 자극으로 양측 경동맥 동맥 폐색

There is accumulating evidence, that ischemic preconditioning - a non-damaging ischemic challenge to the brain - confers a transient protection to a ...

Endothelin-1 Induced Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model for Ischemic Stroke with Laser Doppler Flowmetry Guidance in Rat

Stroke is the number one cause of disability and third leading cause of death in the world, costing an estimated $70 billion in the United States in 20091, 2. Several models of cerebral ischemia have been developed to mimic the human condition of stroke. It has been suggested that up to 80% of all strokes result from ischemic damage in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) area3. In the early 1990s, endothelin-1 (ET-1) 4 was used to induce ischemia by applying it directly adjacent to the surface of the MCA after craniotomy. Later, this model was modified 5 by using a stereotaxic injection of ET-1 adjacent to the MCA to produce focal cerebral ischemia. The main advantages of this model include the ability to perform the procedure quickly, the ability to control artery constriction by altering the dose of ET-1 delivered, no need to manipulate the extracranial vessels supplying blood to the brain as well as gradual reperfusion rates that more closely mimics the reperfusion in humans5-7. On the other hand, the ET-1 model has disadvantages that include the need for a craniotomy, as well as higher variability in stroke volume8. This variability can be reduced with the use of laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) to verify cerebral ischemia during ET-1 infusion. Factors that affect stroke variability include precision of infusion and the batch of the ET-1 used6. Another important consideration is that although reperfusion is a common occurrence in human stroke, the duration of occlusion for ET-1 induced MCAO may not closely mimic that of human stroke where many patients have partial reperfusion over a period of hours to days following occlusion9, 10. This protocol will describe in detail the ET-1 induced MCAO model for ischemic stroke in rats. It will also draw attention to special considerations and potential drawbacks throughout the procedure.

Several animal models of cerebral ischemia have been developed to simulate the human condition of stroke. This protocol describes the endothelin-1 (ET-1) induced middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model for ischemic stroke in rats. In addition, important considerations, advantages, and shortcomings of this model are discussed.

쥐의 레이저 도플러 Flowmetry 안내와 허혈성 뇌졸중에 대한 엔도 테린-1 유도 중간 뇌 동맥 폐색 모델

Stroke is the number one cause of disability and third leading cause of death in the world, costing an estimated $70 billion in the United States in ...

Utilizing a Cranial Window to Visualize the Middle Cerebral Artery During Endothelin-1 Induced Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

Creation of a cranial window is a method that allows direct visualization of structures on the cortical surface of the brain1-3. This technique can be performed in many locations overlying the rat cerebrum, but is most easily carried out by creating a craniectomy over the readily accessible frontal or parietal bones. Most frequently, we have used this technique in combination with the endothelin-1 middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemic stroke to quantify the changes in middle cerebral artery vessel diameter that occur with injection of endothelin-1 into the brain parenchyma adjacent to the proximal MCA4, 5. In order to visualize the proximal portion of the MCA during endothelin -1 induced MCAO, we use a technique to create a cranial window through the temporal bone on the lateral aspect of the rat skull (Figure 1). Cerebral arteries can be visualized either with the dura intact or with the dura incised and retracted. Most commonly, we leave the dura intact during visualization since endothelin-1 induced MCAO involves delivery of the vasoconstricting peptide into the brain parenchyma. This bypasses the need to incise the dura directly over the visualized vessels for drug delivery. This protocol will describe how to create a cranial window to visualize cerebral arteries in a step-wise fashion, as well as how to avoid many of the potential pitfalls pertaining to this method.

This article describes a method for visualizing rat cerebral arteries through a cranial window using temporal craniectomy in order to view proximal portions of the middle cerebral artery (Figure 1). This versatile method can be combined with various techniques of drug delivery to measure cerebral artery reactivity in vivo.

엔도 테린-1 유도 중간 뇌 동맥 폐색 동안 중동 뇌동맥을 시각화하기 위해 두개골 창 활용

Creation of a cranial window is a method that allows direct visualization of structures on the cortical surface of the brain1-3. This technique can be ...

Optimized System for Cerebral Perfusion Monitoring in the Rat Stroke Model of Intraluminal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

The translational potential of pre-clinical stroke research depends on the accuracy of experimental modeling. Cerebral perfusion monitoring in animal models of acute ischemic stroke allows to confirm successful arterial occlusion and exclude subarachnoid hemorrhage. Cerebral perfusion monitoring can also be used to study intracranial collateral circulation, which is emerging as a powerful determinant of stroke outcome and a possible therapeutic target. Despite a recognized role of Laser Doppler perfusion monitoring as part of the current guidelines for experimental cerebral ischemia, a number of technical difficulties exist that limit its widespread use. One of the major issues is obtaining a secure and prolonged attachment of a deep-penetration Laser Doppler probe to the animal skull. In this video, we show our optimized system for cerebral perfusion monitoring during transient middle cerebral artery occlusion by intraluminal filament in the rat. We developed in-house a simple method to obtain a custom made holder for twin-fibre (deep-penetration) Laser Doppler probes, which allow multi-site monitoring if needed. A continuous and prolonged monitoring of cerebral perfusion could easily be obtained over the intact skull.

Cerebral perfusion monitoring has been demonstrated to improve accuracy in ischemic stroke models. Technical difficulties often limit the use of this essential tool for cerebrovascular research. In this video, an optimized system is shown to obtain a single or multi-site hemodynamic monitoring during intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.

Intraluminal 중간 대뇌 동맥 폐색의 쥐 뇌졸중 모델에서 뇌 관류 모니터링에 최적화 된 시스템

The translational potential of pre-clinical stroke research depends on the accuracy of experimental modeling. Cerebral perfusion monitoring in animal ...

Modeling Stroke in Mice: Permanent Coagulation of the Distal Middle Cerebral Artery

Stroke is the third most common cause of death and a main cause of acquired adult disability in developed countries. Only very limited therapeutical options are available for a small proportion of stroke patients in the acute phase. Current research is intensively searching for novel therapeutic strategies and is increasingly focusing on the sub-acute and chronic phase after stroke because more patients might be eligible for therapeutic interventions in a prolonged time window. These delayed mechanisms include important pathophysiological pathways such as post-stroke inflammation, angiogenesis, neuronal plasticity and regeneration. In order to analyze these mechanisms and to subsequently evaluate novel drug targets, experimental stroke models with clinical relevance, low mortality and high reproducibility are sought after. Moreover, mice are the smallest mammals in which a focal stroke lesion can be induced and for which a broad spectrum of transgenic models are available. Therefore, we describe here the mouse model of transcranial, permanent coagulation of the middle cerebral artery via electrocoagulation distal of the lenticulostriatal arteries, the so-called &#8220;coagulation model&#8221;. The resulting infarct in this model is located mainly in the cortex; the relative infarct volume in relation to brain size corresponds to the majority of human strokes. Moreover, the model fulfills the above-mentioned criteria of reproducibility and low mortality. In this video we demonstrate the surgical methods of stroke induction in the &#8220;coagulation model&#8221; and report histological and functional analysis tools.

Various murine models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) are widely used in experimental brain research. Here, we demonstrate the model of transcranial permanent distal MCAO which produces consistent cortical infarction of a size corresponding to damage imposed by the majority of human ischemic strokes.

마우스의 모델링 스트로크 : 말초 중간 대뇌 동맥의 영구 응고

Stroke is the third most common cause of death and a main cause of acquired adult disability in developed countries. Only very limited therapeutical ...

Performing Permanent Distal Middle Cerebral with Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Aged Rats to Study Cortical Ischemia with Sustained Disability

Stroke typically occurs in elderly people with a range of comorbidities including carotid (or other arterial) atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, obesity and diabetes. Accordingly, when evaluating therapies for stroke in animals, it is important to select a model with excellent face validity. Ischemic stroke accounts for 80% of all strokes, and the majority of these occur in the territory of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), often inducing infarcts that affect the sensorimotor cortex, causing persistent plegia or paresis on the contralateral side of the body. We demonstrate in this video a method for producing ischemic stroke in elderly rats, which causes sustained sensorimotor disability and substantial cortical infarcts. Specifically, we induce permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in elderly female rats by using diathermy forceps to occlude a short segment of this artery. The carotid artery on the ipsilateral side to the lesion was then permanently occluded and the contralateral carotid artery was transiently occluded for 60 min. We measure the infarct size using structural T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 24 hr and 8 weeks after stroke. In this study, the mean infarct volume was 4.5% &#177; 2.0% (standard deviation) of the ipsilateral hemisphere at 24 hr (corrected for brain swelling using Gerriet&#8217;s equation, n = 5). This model is feasible and clinically relevant as it permits the induction of sustained sensorimotor deficits, which is important for the elucidation of pathophysiological mechanisms and novel treatments.

Here we present a protocol to produce permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion in elderly female rats with simultaneous occlusion of the carotid arteries to generate large cortical infarcts and sustained deficits. We show confirmation of the lesion size using structural MRI at 24 hr and 8 weeks after stroke.

세 쥐의 경동맥 폐색으로 영구 말초 중간 대뇌을 수행하면 두피 허혈 지속적인 장애를 연구하는

Stroke typically occurs in elderly people with a range of comorbidities including carotid (or other arterial) atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, ...

Surgical Approach for Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion and Reperfusion Induced Stroke in Mice

Stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide and continues to be one of the major causes of long-term adult disabilities. About 87% of strokes are ischemic in origin and occur in the territory of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Currently the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drug for the treatment of this devastating disease is tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). However, tPA has a small therapeutic window for administration (3 - 6 hr), and is only effective in 4% of the patients who actually receive it. Current research focuses on understanding the pathophysiology of stroke in order to find potential therapeutic targets. Thus, reliable models are crucial, and the MCA occlusion (MCAo) model (also termed the intraluminal filament or suture model) is deemed to be the most clinically relevant surgical model of ischemic stroke, and is fairly non-invasive and easily reproducible. Typically the MCAo model is used with rodents, especially with mice due to all the genetic variations available for this species. Here we describe (and present in the video) how to successfully perform the MCAo model (with reperfusion) in mice to generate reliable and reproducible data.

In order to understand the pathophysiology of stroke, it is important to use reliable models. This paper will describe one of the most frequently used stroke models in mice, termed the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) model (also termed the intraluminal filament or suture model) with reperfusion.