Name: quantitative analysis of climbing defects in a drosophila model of neurodegenerative disorders
Uploaded: 2015-06-13T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 6 min 30 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Quantitative Analysis of Climbing Defects in a Drosophila Model of Neurodegenerative Disorders at JoVE.com

This work is supported by a Canadian Health Research Institute (CIHR) Team Grant to Dr. Bolduc (co-PI) and Dr. Guy Rouleau (PI). We would like to thank Dr. Oksana Suchowersky, Dr. Kathryn Todd, the members of the University of Alberta fly club and Dr. Clayton Dickson for help in development of the method and statistical analysis.

초파리 연구는 알버타의 연구 가이드 라인의 대학을 준수했다. 1. 플라이 컬렉션 <ol><li> 음식을 포함하는 25mm X 95mm 수집 유리 병에 CO 2 (g)을 마취과 장소를 사용하여 20 파리를 수집합니다. </li><li> 수평으로 파리를 포함하는 저장 유리 병은 유리 병 바닥에 축적 될 수있는 액체에 파리를 포획 방지 할 수 있습니다. </li><li> 약 15 시간 동안 인큐베이터에서 45 %의 습도에서 22 ℃에서 최소 21 시간 동안 파리를 품어. 12 시간 빛으로 인큐베이터를 설정 : 어두운주기를. </li></ol> 2. 등반 분석 <ol><li> 다음 날 아침, 250 ml의 유리에 하나의 유리 병에서 졸업 된 실린더 (20) 파리를 전송합니다. 그것을 일정하게 일상을 유지하기 위해 실린더의 위치를​​ 표시합니다. 유전자형 사이의 교차 오염을 방지하기 위해 하나의 유전자형 당 유리 실린더를 사용한다. 각 실험 및 RO의 끝에서 세탁유전자형 사이를 하므로. <ol><li> 온도 22 ° C와 40 %의 습도에서 각각 (비전의 잠재적 결함이있는 경우 또는 붉은 빛) 주변 광에 실험을 실시한다. 일 주기성 리듬 혼동을 피하기 위해 항상 날의 동일한 시간에 실험을 수행한다. </li></ol></li><li> 배리어 필름 (왁스 필름) 모든 파리의 탈출을 방지하기 위해 (그림 2)와 실린더의 상단을 밀봉합니다. </li><li> 삼각대에 비디오 카메라를 설정합니다. 250 ml를 190 ml의 라​​인에 초점 카메라는 실린더 (17.5 cm)를 졸업했다. </li><li> 실린더의 하단과 음식 바이알에서 죽은 파리의 수를 계산. 사망률로이 번호를 기록한다. </li><li> 아주 가볍게 내부 바닥면에 파리를 대체하기에 충분한 힘으로 반복적으로 폐쇄 셀 폼 패드에 대한 실린더를 누릅니다. 카메라에 기록을 눌러 다른 손을 사용하는 동안 10 배 - 5를 누릅니다. </li><li> 카메라의 &quot;녹음&quot;버튼을 누릅니다. </li><li> VID 시작EO 카메라 녹화와는 별개의 비 리듬 패턴으로 실린더를 여섯 번을 누릅니다. </li><li> 파리 마지막 도청되는 시간에서 2 분 동안 각각의 시험을 수행하고 선택된 각 시점에서 17.5 cm (190 ㎖) (매 10 초를 정량화)의 높이를 넘어 파리의 수를 기록한다. 참고 : 실린더에 표시 ml의 직경에 따라 하나의 실린더 모델마다 다를 것입니다. 오류를 방지하려면, 사용 된 각 실린더의 높이를 측정한다. </li><li> 시험이 종료되면, 95 % 에탄올 파리 폐기하십시오. </li><li> 모든 복제가 신선한 파리에 모든 시간을 테스트 할 때까지 반복 2.9에 2.1 단계를 반복합니다. 참고 : 5 복제가 돌연변이가 운동에 강한 영향을 충분히 할 수 있지만, (20) 파리 (200 파리)의 10 생물 복제는 작은 차이를 감지하는 것이 좋습니다. </li><li> 실험 종료 후, 실험실 세척기 건조 O에서 실린더 세척 / N이 다시 사용할 수있다. </li></ol> 3. 분석 <ol><li> Analy각각의 ZE 비디오는 시험 비행. 각각 10 초, 대상 회선을 통과 파리의 총 수를 기록한다. <ol><li> 파리는 다시 아래로 올라가서 또는 떨어지면, -1로 비행 기록은 아래로 다시 상승 또는 하락 비행과 같은 숫자로 목표 라인을 건너 다음 비행을 계산합니다. 15 일 플라이가 목표 선 이하로 떨어질 경우, 예를 들어, 다음 비행은 15 번째 비행이 아닌 16 일 고려 라인 (16 일 비행) 교차합니다. </li></ol></li><li> 재판에 남아있는 파리의 수를 얻기 위해 파리 (20)의 총 수에서 사망률을 뺍니다. 각 시점에서, 대상 회선 위의 파리의 분획을 얻었다. </li><li> 각 시점에서의 각각의 비율을 플롯 (도 3 참조). </li><li> 120 초의 데이터 점에서 성능을 분석하고 두 그룹이 존재하는 경우 또는 분산 분석과 페로 니 수정과 다중 비교를위한 사후 테스트 (계획되거나 계획되지 않은 협력을위한 Tukey에 대한 학생의 T-테스트를​​ 수행mparisons). 콜 모고 로프 - 스 미르 노프 (17)는 정상과 동일한 분산을 확인하기 위해 수행뿐만 아니라 컨트롤에 돌연변이 집단의 분포를 비교 테스트합니다. </li><li> 노화를 통해 데이터를 표시 진보적 인 적자 (그림 4)이 있는지 확인하기 위해 서로 다른 연령대의 파리 120 초에서 (2 일, 1 주, 2 주) 등반 파리의 비율을 플롯합니다. </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

초파리는 이미 파킨슨 병 (14) 및 다른 신경 퇴행성 조건 1, 2에 훌륭한 모델이 될 입증되었습니다. 초파리 가능한 유전 도구 외에도, 게놈이 높은 신경 질환 (19)에 관여하는 유전자를 위해 보존된다. (전체 엑솜 시퀀싱을 포함) 전체 게놈 유전자 스크리닝 방법의 출현은 인간의 운동 장애와 연관된 후보 유전자의 큰 목록을 계속 제공 할 가능성이있다. 이러한 ?...

파킨슨 병, 근 위축성 측삭 경화증, 및 유전성 강직성하지 마비와 같은 신경 퇴행성 장애 통렬한 점점 인식된다. 불행하게도, 이러한 신경 퇴행성 질환의 대부분은 치료없이 여전히. 이러한 유전자의 수가 증가하게되었다 전체 엑솜 시퀀싱으로 게놈 전체의, 편견 유전자 검사의 광범위한 임상 적 사용은 인간 기관차 장애에 연루된다. 이 진행에도 불구하고, 초기 말기에의 병리학 적 진행은, 이러한 장애의 어려운 남아있다. 초파리는 제어 된 공간 및 시간 방식으로 유전자 요구 사항을 공부에 대한 유전 적 도구를 하나 제공합니다. 또한, 초파리는 파킨슨 1, 알츠하이머 2, 지적 장애 3,4 및 다른 사람의 사이에서 간질 5,6 등의 신경 학적 상태에 대한 약물 스크리닝에 유용 입증되었습니다. 우리의 목표는 효과적인 비용을 개발하는 것이 었습니다및 신뢰성 분석 여전히 모터 성능의 작은 변화를 검출 할 정도로 민감 할 것이다 높은 처리량 분석을 허용 할 것이다. 초파리 등반 행동에 유전 적 변이 및 / 또는 환경 조건의 영향을 정량화하는 데 사용되는 여러 가지 분석이있다. 분석의 대부분은 부정적인 geotaxis, 또는 등반 분석으로 알려진 등반 파리의 자연적인 경향에 투자. Benzer 7 phototaxis의 연구에 사용되는 역류 장치도 gravitaxis을 연구하는데 사용될 수 있다고 1967 년 제안했다. 그 이후로, Ganetsky 8 및 많은 다른 사람 (9) -12은 초기 분석에 구축했다. 원리는 유리 병에 파리의 알려진 숫자를 배치하고 파리는 유리 병의 바닥에 떨어질 원인, 하드 표면에 강하게 유리 병을 활용할 수있다. 그것은 타고난 행동이기 때문에, 파리는 중력에 반대 유리 병의 정상에 오르려고 시도합니다. 이 분석은 정량적이다 measu얼마나 많은 파리 입술은 할당 된 시간 동안 유리 병에 마커 과거 올랐다. 속도 대신 파리 등반의 총 수의 측정은 신뢰할 수있는 매개 변수가되고 파리 기준의 수는 13으로 유의하지 않았다 경우에 결함을 보여 주었다. 등반 분석은 파킨슨 병 (14)를 포함하여 많은 신경 퇴행성 질환의 연구에 도움이 입증되었습니다. 그러나, 우리는 신경 퇴행이 이미 병리학 적 연구 (14)에서 볼 경우 기관차 결함이 시간에 감지하지 못할 수 있다고 지적했다. 따라서, 전통적인 분석의 사용은 질환의 발병 초기 ​​단계를 연구 할 수있는 능력을 제한 할 수있다. 병리의 나중 단계 동안 기관차 결함의 모양은 그 진행 완전한 구조가 너무 고급입니다 질병을 반영 할 수있다. 이것은 기존의 등반 분석의 감도와 잠재적 인 문제를 제기한다. tradi의 잠재적 인 무능력가벼운 기관차의 결함을 검출하는 분석을 등반적인는 파리가 상승해야되는 높이에 기인 할 수있다. 전통적인 분석 15,16 대책 파리의 수가 성공적으로 20 초에 10 2-5cm의 높이를 넘어야한다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Drosophila stocks</td><td></td><td></td><td>The stocks are selected depending on the experiments. The temperature and humidity in the room and in the incubator must be controled and consistent to avoid flies being too staticky or too wet.</td></tr><tr><td>Video camera</td><td></td><td></td><td>Any digital camcorder will do. Make sure they can focus on close object.</td></tr><tr><td>Graduated cylinder</td><td>Kimble</td><td>20028W</td><td>Different models of graduated cylinder may have different diameter. It is therefore imporant to measure the height.</td></tr><tr><td>Computer</td><td></td><td></td><td>Any model will do. We used the computer to monitor the climbing of the flies and record the number of flies at each time point.</td></tr></tbody></table>

quantitative analysis of climbing defects in a drosophila model of neurodegenerative disorders

신경 퇴행성 질환으로 인한 기관차 결함은 무증상 변성 년 다음, 질병의 늦은 발병 증상이 될 수 있으며, 따라서 현재의 치료 치료 전략은 치료되지 않습니다. 전체 엑솜 서열의 사용을 통해 유전자의 증가는 인간의 보행에 역할을하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이 유전자를 식별에도 불구하고,이 유전자가 정상 기관차의 기능에 매우 중요 얼마나 알려져 있지 않다. 따라서, 새로운 치료 적 관심의 대상을 식별하기 위해 이들 유전자의 역할을 규명하기위한 모형 유기체를 이용하는 신뢰성있는 분석은, 어느 때보 다 필요하다. 우리는 이전 온화한 결함의 검출이 가능하며 시간이 지남에 따라 이들 결함을 평가하는 능력을 가지고 음극 geotaxis 에세이 민감화 버전을 설계했다. 유리에서 수행되는 분석은 왁스 배리어 막에 의해 밀봉되는 실린더를 졸업. 임계 거리를 증가시킴으로써, 17.5 ℃로 상승 될m은 우리가 가벼운 이동성 장애를 감지하는 민감도를 관찰 한 2 분에 실험 기간을 증가시키고. 분석은 효과적인 비용과 높은 재현성 결과를 얻기 위해 광범위한 훈련을 필요로하지 않습니다. 이것은 운동의 결함 초파리 돌연변이 체에서 후보 약물 스크리닝을위한 우수한 기술한다.

등반은 강력하고 재현 동작입니다. (- 30 초 25) 실제로, 햇 야생형 파리 빠르게 목표 거리 등반 성능에 도달한다. 돌연변이 파리는 대상에 오르는 무능력을 완료하는 가벼운 (또는 지연)에서 성능의 범위를 제시한다. 우리는 두 개의 서로 다른 돌연변이 대립 유전자와 여기를 보여줍니다. 첫번째는 spastin 유전자 (온천 5.75) (18)의 완전한 결실로 인한 ​​유전자 spastin의 심한 대립 유전자이다...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Quantitative Analysis of Climbing Defects in a Drosophila Model of Neurodegenerative Disorders at JoVE.com

Quantitative Analysis of Climbing Defects in a Drosophila Model of Neurodegenerative Disorders

We present an optimized inexpensive and reliable negative geotaxis assay in Drosophila melanogaster as a model for neurodegenerative disorders. Being more sensitive to mild locomotor defects, this assay will help screen for potential genetic interactions and drug targets.

퇴행성 신경 질환의 초파리 모델에서 등반 결함의 정량 분석

Locomotive defects resulting from neurodegenerative disorders can be a late onset symptom of disease, following years of subclinical degeneration, and ...

quantitative-analysis-climbing-defects-drosophila-model

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

18.6K 조회수.  University of Alberta. We present an optimized inexpensive and reliable negative geotaxis assay in Drosophila melanogaster as a model for neurodegenerative disorders. Being more sensitive to mild locomotor defects, this assay will help screen for potential genetic interactions and drug targets. 

비디오: Quantitative Analysis of Climbing Defects in a Drosophila Model of Neurodegenerative Disorders

Assaying Locomotor, Learning, and Memory Deficits in Drosophila Models of Neurodegeneration

Advances in genetic methods have enabled the study of genes involved in human neurodegenerative diseases using Drosophila as a model system1. Most of these diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease are characterized by age-dependent deterioration in learning and memory functions and movement coordination2. Here we use behavioral assays, including the negative geotaxis assay3 and the aversive phototaxic suppression assay (APS assay)4,5, to show that some of the behavior characteristics associated with human neurodegeneration can be recapitulated in flies. In the negative geotaxis assay, the natural tendency of flies to move against gravity when agitated is utilized to study genes or conditions that may hinder locomotor capacities. In the APS assay, the learning and memory functions are tested in positively-phototactic flies trained to associate light with aversive bitter taste and hence avoid this otherwise natural tendency to move toward light. Testing these trained flies 6 hours post-training is used to assess memory functions. Using these assays, the contribution of any genetic or environmental factors toward developing neurodegeneration can be easily studied in flies.

Assaying Locomotor, Learning, and Memory Deficits in Drosophila Models of Neurodegeneration

Behavior assays for measuring locomotor functions, learning, and memory abilities in Drosophila.

에 시금 운동력이있는 사람, 학습, 및 메모리 적자 Drosophila</emNeurodegeneration의> 모델

Advances in genetic methods have enabled the study of genes involved in human neurodegenerative diseases using Drosophila as a model system1. Most of ...

연구

신경과학

In Vivo Forward Genetic Screen to Identify Novel Neuroprotective Genes in Drosophila melanogaster

There is much to understand about the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including the underlying genes responsible. Forward genetic screening using chemical mutagens is a useful strategy for mapping mutant phenotypes to genes among Drosophila and other model organisms that share conserved cellular pathways with humans. If the mutated gene of interest is not lethal in early developmental stages of flies, a climbing assay can be conducted to screen for phenotypic indicators of decreased brain functioning, such as low climbing rates. Subsequently, secondary histological analysis of brain tissue can be performed in order to verify the neuroprotective function of the gene by scoring neurodegeneration phenotypes. Gene mapping strategies include meiotic and deficiency mapping that rely on these same assays can be followed by DNA sequencing to identify possible nucleotide changes in the gene of interest.

In Vivo Forward Genetic Screen to Identify Novel Neuroprotective Genes in Drosophila melanogaster

We present a protocol using a forward genetic approach to screen for mutants exhibiting neurodegeneration in Drosophila melanogaster. It incorporates a climbing assay, histology analysis, gene mapping and DNA sequencing to ultimately identify novel genes related to the process of neuroprotection.

소독멜라노가스터에서 새로운 신경보호 유전자를 식별하기 위한 생체 전방 유전자 스크린

There is much to understand about the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including the underlying genes responsible. Forward genetic ...

유전학

An Automated Rapid Iterative Negative Geotaxis Assay for Analyzing Adult Climbing Behavior in a Drosophila Model of Neurodegeneration

Neurodegenerative diseases are frequently associated with a progressive loss of movement ability, reduced life span, and age-dependent neurodegeneration. To understand the mechanism of these cellular events, and their causal relationships with each other, Drosophila melanogaster, with its sophisticated genetic tools and diverse behavioral features, are used as disease models for assessing neurodegenerative phenotypes. Here we describe a high-throughput method to analyze Drosophila adult negative geotaxis behavior, as an indication for possible motor defects associated with neurodegeneration. An automated machine is designed and developed to drive fly synchronization using an initial electric impulse, later allowing the recording of negative geotaxis behavior over a course of secs to mins. Images from the digitally recorded video are then processed with the self-designed RflyDetection software for statistical data manipulation. Different from the manually controlled negative geotaxis assay based on single fly, this precise, fast, and high-throughput protocol allows data acquisition from more than hundreds of flies simultaneously, providing an efficient approach to advance our understanding in the underlying mechanism of locomotor deficits associated with neurodegeneration.

An Automated Rapid Iterative Negative Geotaxis Assay for Analyzing Adult Climbing Behavior in a Drosophila Model of Neurodegeneration

This step-by-step protocol analyzes Drosophila negative geotaxis behavior using an automated multi-cylinder system that hosts hundreds of flies and synchronizes their action by an electric motor. Upon synchronization, fly negative geotaxis behavior is assayed, digitally recorded, and analyzed using the self-designed RflyDetection software.

Neurodegeneration의 초파리 모델에서 성인 등반 동작을 분석 하기 위한 자동화 된 신속한 반복 부정적인 Geotaxis 분석 결과

Neurodegenerative diseases are frequently associated with a progressive loss of movement ability, reduced life span, and age-dependent neurodegeneration. ...

행동분석학

Assessing Neurodegenerative Phenotypes in Drosophila Dopaminergic Neurons by Climbing Assays and Whole Brain Immunostaining

Drosophila melanogaster is a valuable model organism to study aging and pathological degenerative processes in the nervous system. The advantages of the fly as an experimental system include its genetic tractability, short life span and the possibility to observe and quantitatively analyze complex behaviors. The expression of disease-linked genes in specific neuronal populations of the Drosophila brain, can be used to model human neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's 5.
Dopaminergic (DA) neurons are among the most vulnerable neuronal populations in the aging human brain. In Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, the accelerated loss of DA neurons leads to a progressive and irreversible decline in locomotor function. In addition to age and exposure to environmental toxins, loss of DA neurons is exacerbated by specific mutations in the coding or promoter regions of several genes. The identification of such PD-associated alleles provides the experimental basis for the use of Drosophila as a model to study neurodegeneration of DA neurons in vivo. For example, the expression of the PD-linked human &alpha;-synuclein gene in Drosophila DA neurons recapitulates some features of the human disease, e.g. progressive loss of DA neurons and declining locomotor function 2. Accordingly, this model has been successfully used to identify potential therapeutic targets in PD 8.
Here we describe two assays that have commonly been used to study age-dependent neurodegeneration of DA neurons in Drosophila: a climbing assay based on the startle-induced negative geotaxis response and tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining of whole adult brain mounts to monitor the number of DA neurons at different ages. In both cases, in vivo expression of UAS transgenes specifically in DA neurons can be achieved by using a tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) promoter-Gal4 driver line 3, 10.

Assessing Neurodegenerative Phenotypes in Drosophila Dopaminergic Neurons by Climbing Assays and Whole Brain Immunostaining

Here we describe two assays that have been established to study age-dependent neurodegeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in Drosophila: the climbing/startle-induced negative geotaxis assay which allows to study the functional effects of DA neurons degeneration and the tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining which is used to identify and count DA neurons in whole brain mounts.

에 신약 표현형을 평가<em&gt; 초파리</em&gt; 등산 분석 실험에 의한 도파민 뉴런과 뇌 전체의 면역 염색

Drosophila melanogaster is a valuable model organism to study aging and pathological degenerative processes in the nervous system. The advantages of the ...

A Simple Technique to Assay Locomotor Activity in Drosophila

Drosophila melanogaster is an ideal model organism for studying various diseases due to its abundance of advanced genetic manipulation techniques and diverse behavioral features. Identifying behavioral deficiency in animal models is a crucial measure of disease severity, for example, in neurodegenerative diseases where patients often experience impairments in motor function. However, with the availability of various systems to track and assess motor deficits in fly models, such as drug-treated or transgenic individuals, an economical and user-friendly system for precise evaluation from multiple angles is still lacking. A method based on the AnimalTracker application programming interface (API) is developed here, which is compatible with the Fiji image processing program, to systematically evaluate the movement activities of both adult and larval individuals from recorded video, thus allowing for the analysis of their tracking behavior. This method requires only a high-definition camera and a computer peripheral hardware integration to record and analyze behavior, making it an affordable and effective approach for screening fly models with transgenic or environmental behavioral deficiencies. Examples of behavioral tests using pharmacologically treated flies are given to show how the techniques can detect behavioral changes in both adult flies and larvae in a highly repeatable manner.

A Simple Technique to Assay Locomotor Activity in Drosophila

The present protocol assesses the locomotor activity of Drosophila by tracking and analyzing the movement of flies in a hand-made arena using open-source software Fiji, compatible with plugins to segment pixels of each frame based on high-definition video recording to calculate parameters of speed, distance, etc.

초파리에서 운동 활동을 분석하는 간단한 기술

Drosophila melanogaster is an ideal model organism for studying various diseases due to its abundance of advanced genetic manipulation techniques and ...

Mass Histology to Quantify Neurodegeneration in Drosophila

Progressive neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer&#39;s disease (AD) or Parkinson&#39;s disease (PD) are an increasing threat to human health worldwide. Although mammalian models have provided important insights into the underlying mechanisms of pathogenicity, the complexity of mammalian systems together with their high costs are limiting their use. Therefore, the simple but well-established Drosophila model-system&#160;provides an alternative for investigating the molecular pathways that are affected in these diseases. Besides behavioral deficits, neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by histological phenotypes such as neuronal death and axonopathy. To quantify neuronal degeneration and to determine how it is affected by genetic and environmental factors, we use a histological approach that is based on measuring the vacuoles in adult fly brains. To minimize the effects of systematic error and to directly compare sections from control and experimental flies in one preparation, we use the &#39;collar&#39; method for paraffin sections. Neurodegeneration is then assessed by measuring the size and/or number of vacuoles that have developed in the fly brain. This can either be done by focusing on a specific region of interest or by analyzing the entire brain by obtaining serial sections that span the complete head. Therefore, this method allows one to measure not only severe degeneration but also relatively mild phenotypes that are only detectable in a few sections, as occurs during normal aging.

Mass Histology to Quantify Neurodegeneration in Drosophila

Drosophila is widely used as a model system to study neurodegeneration. This protocol describes a method by which degeneration, as determined by vacuole formation in the brain, can be quantified. It also minimizes effects due to the experimental procedure by processing and sectioning control and experimental flies as one sample.

질량 조직학은에 신경 퇴행을 정량화하기<em&gt; 초파리</em

Progressive neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer&#39;s disease (AD) or Parkinson&#39;s disease (PD) are an increasing threat to human health ...

Quantitative Analysis of Neuronal Dendritic Arborization Complexity in Drosophila

Dendrites are the branched projections of a neuron, and dendritic morphology reflects synaptic organization during the development of the nervous system. Drosophila larval neuronal dendritic arborization (da) is an ideal model for studying morphogenesis of neural dendrites and gene function in the development of nervous system. There are four classes of da neurons. Class IV is the most complex with a branching pattern that covers almost the entire area of the larval body wall. We have previously characterized the effect of silencing the Drosophila ortholog of SOX5 on class IV neuronal dendritic arborization complexity (NDAC) using four parameters: the length of dendrites, the surface area of dendrite coverage, the total number of branches, and the branching structure. This protocol presents the workflow of NDAC quantitative analysis, consisting of larval dissection, confocal microscopy, and image analysis procedures using ImageJ software. Further insight into da neuronal development and its underlying mechanisms will improve the understanding of neuronal function and provide clues about the fundamental causes of neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Quantitative Analysis of Neuronal Dendritic Arborization Complexity in Drosophila

This protocol focuses on quantitative analysis of neuronal dendritic arborization complexity (NDAC) in Drosophila, which can be used for studies of dendritic morphogenesis.

초파리 에서 신경 돌기 Arborization 복잡성의 정량 분석

Dendrites are the branched projections of a neuron, and dendritic morphology reflects synaptic organization during the development of the nervous system. ...

Quantitative Cell Biology of Neurodegeneration in Drosophila Through Unbiased Analysis of Fluorescently Tagged Proteins Using ImageJ

With the rising prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, it is increasingly important to understand the underlying pathophysiology that leads to neuronal dysfunction and loss. Fluorescence-based imaging tools and technologies enable unprecedented analysis of subcellular neurobiological processes, yet there is still a need for unbiased, reproducible, and accessible approaches for extracting quantifiable data from imaging studies. We have developed a simple and adaptable workflow to extract quantitative data from fluorescence-based imaging studies using Drosophila models of neurodegeneration. Specifically, we describe an easy-to-follow, semi-automated approach using Fiji/ImageJ to analyze two cellular processes: first, we quantify protein aggregate content and profile in the Drosophila optic lobe using fluorescent-tagged mutant huntingtin proteins; and second, we assess autophagy-lysosome flux in the Drosophila visual system with ratiometric-based quantification of a tandem fluorescent reporter of autophagy. Importantly, the protocol outlined here includes a semi-automated segmentation step to ensure all fluorescent structures are analyzed to minimize selection bias and to increase resolution of subtle comparisons. This approach can be extended for the analysis of other cell biological structures and processes implicated in neurodegeneration, such as proteinaceous puncta (stress granules and synaptic complexes), as well as membrane-bound compartments (mitochondria and membrane trafficking vesicles). This method provides a standardized, yet adaptable reference point for image analysis and quantification, and could facilitate reliability and reproducibility across the field, and ultimately enhance mechanistic understanding of neurodegeneration.

Quantitative Cell Biology of Neurodegeneration in Drosophila Through Unbiased Analysis of Fluorescently Tagged Proteins Using ImageJ

We have developed a simple and adaptable workflow to extract quantitative data from fluorescence-imaging-based cell biological studies of protein aggregation and autophagic flux in the central nervous system of Drosophila models of neurodegeneration.

ImageJ를 사용 하 여 붙일 태그가 단백질의 편견된 분석 통해 초파리 에서 Neurodegeneration의 양적 세포 생물학

With the rising prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, it is increasingly important to understand the underlying pathophysiology that leads to neuronal ...

Purification of Transcripts and Metabolites from Drosophila Heads

For the last decade, we have tried to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms of neuronal degeneration using Drosophila as a model organism. Although fruit flies provide obvious experimental advantages, research on neurodegenerative diseases has mostly relied on traditional techniques, including genetic interaction, histology, immunofluorescence, and protein biochemistry. These techniques are effective for mechanistic, hypothesis-driven studies, which lead to a detailed understanding of the role of single genes in well-defined biological problems. However, neurodegenerative diseases are highly complex and affect multiple cellular organelles and processes over time. The advent of new technologies and the omics age provides a unique opportunity to understand the global cellular perturbations underlying complex diseases. Flexible model organisms such as Drosophila are ideal for adapting these new technologies because of their strong annotation and high tractability. One challenge with these small animals, though, is the purification of enough informational molecules (DNA, mRNA, protein, metabolites) from highly relevant tissues such as fly brains. Other challenges consist of collecting large numbers of flies for experimental replicates (critical for statistical robustness) and developing consistent procedures for the purification of high-quality biological material. Here, we describe the procedures for collecting thousands of fly heads and the extraction of transcripts and metabolites to understand how global changes in gene expression and metabolism contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. These procedures are easily scalable and can be applied to the study of proteomic and epigenomic contributions to disease.

Purification of Transcripts and Metabolites from Drosophila Heads

We describe here the procedures for the extraction and purification of mRNA and metabolites from Drosophila heads. We are applying these techniques to better understand the cellular perturbations underlying neuronal degeneration. These methodologies can be easily scaled and adapted for other "omic" projects.

성적 증명서와 Metabolites에서의 정화<em&gt; Drosophila</em&gt; 헤드

For the last decade, we have tried to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms of neuronal degeneration using Drosophila as a model organism. ...

생물학

Visualizing Synaptic Degeneration in Adult Drosophila in Association with Neurodegeneration

Drosophila serves as a useful model for assessing synaptic structure and function associated with neurodegenerative diseases. While much work has focused on neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) in Drosophila larvae, assessing synaptic integrity in adult Drosophila has received much less attention. Here we provide a straightforward method for dissection of the dorsal longitudinal muscles (DLMs), which are required for flight ability. In addition to flight as a behavioral readout, this dissection allows for the both DLM synapses and muscle tissue to be amenable to structural analysis using fluorescently labeled antibodies for synaptic markers or proteins of interest. This protocol allows for the evaluation of the structural integrity of synapses in adult Drosophila during aging to model the progressive, age-dependent nature of most neurodegenerative diseases.

Visualizing Synaptic Degeneration in Adult Drosophila in Association with Neurodegeneration

The goal of this procedure is to dissect the dorsal longitudinal muscle (DLM) tissue to assess the structural integrity of DLM neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) in neurodegenerative disease models using Drosophila melanogaster.

신경변성과 관련하여 성인 Drosophila에서 시냅스 퇴성을 시각화

Drosophila serves as a useful model for assessing synaptic structure and function associated with neurodegenerative diseases. While much work has focused ...

퇴행성 신경 질환의 초파리 모델에서 등반 결함의 정량 분석

요약

더 많은 비디오 탐색

이 비디오의 챕터

에 시금 운동력이있는 사람, 학습, 및 메모리 적자 Drosophila 모델

소독멜라노가스터에서 새로운 신경보호 유전자를 식별하기 위한 생체 전방 유전자 스크린

Neurodegeneration의 초파리 모델에서 성인 등반 동작을 분석 하기 위한 자동화 된 신속한 반복 부정적인 Geotaxis 분석 결과

에 신약 표현형을 평가

초파리에서 운동 활동을 분석하는 간단한 기술

질량 조직학은에 신경 퇴행을 정량화하기

초파리 에서 신경 돌기 Arborization 복잡성의 정량 분석

ImageJ를 사용 하 여 붙일 태그가 단백질의 편견된 분석 통해 초파리 에서 Neurodegeneration의 양적 세포 생물학

성적 증명서와 Metabolites에서의 정화

신경변성과 관련하여 성인 Drosophila에서 시냅스 퇴성을 시각화