The authors thank the NRF (CRP-4-2008-06), A*Star (SERC 112-120-2011) and MOE (RG14/13) Singapore for financial supports.

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

합성의 기계적인 세부 사항을보고하고 이전 출판물에서 설명합니다. (20, 21)는 여기에서 우리는 합성 조건의 근거에 초점을 맞 춥니 다. 나노 입자의 중합의 경우, 균일 한 크기의 나노 입자를 사용하는 것이 바람직하다. 우리는 균일 한 금 나노 입자, 23 금 나노 막대 (24)와 테 나노 와이어. 일반적으로 25, 더 나은 크기의 균일 성이 균일 핵 생성의 초기 버스트 후 핵...

Despite great advances in the synthesis of nanoparticles over the past two decades, their orderly assembly remains a great challenge. Our synthetic capabilities in putting the basic building blocks together are of critical importance for the exploration and exploitation of their synergistic effects and collective properties. Thus, developing new reaction pathways and exploring the underlying mechanisms are the stepping stones towards the rational synthesis of complex nanodevices. 
Among the rich structural variety of possible nanoparticle assemblies, one-dimensional (1D) chains have shown useful applications in nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, and biosensors.1-4 Typically, self-assembly of nanoparticles into chain-like structures requires magnetic or electric dipole interactions, anisotropic electrostatic repulsion, or external templates.5-11 For dipole-induced assembly, one needs nanoparticles with permanent dipoles, such as magnetic nanoparticles and semiconductor nanoparticles under special environments.12-15 For nanoparticles with no permanent dipole, it has been shown that the relatively weaker electrostatic repulsion at the ends of the nanoparticle chains can promote the selective attachment of nanoparticle thereon and thus, 1D chain growth.16,17 Because the nanoparticles can aggregate with each other and with the oligomers, the aggregation often follows the intrinsic step-growth mode, leading to short chain length and the lack of control over branching. Lastly, nanoparticles can be adsorbed onto 1D templates to form chains, but usually it is very difficult to achieve secure anchoring and avoid gaps among the nanoparticles. 
With these existing methods, hetero-assembly or &#8220;co-polymerization&#8221; of nanoparticles is particularly difficult. A few pioneer works have demonstrated the &#8220;co-polymerization&#8221; of short nanoparticle chains exploiting magnetic dipole18 or electrostatic repulsion.19
Recently, we reported the homo- and co-polymerization of PSPAA-coated nanoparticles into chains.20,21 This new synthetic pathway involves facile colloidal synthesis and generic use of different types of nanoparticles. It affords ultralong chains without branching and allows ready control of their length and width (single-, double-, and triple-line chains). Most importantly, random- and co-polymers of nanoparticles can be synthesized with improved structural control. In this work, we provide video protocols for the related syntheses, intending to give a detailed demonstration and presentation.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Gold(III) chloride trihydrate, ACS reagent, &#8805;49.0% Au basis 
			&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G4022</td>
			<td>HAuCl4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium citrate dihydrate, 99%</td>
			<td>Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td>A12274</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium borohydride, &#8805;99% 
			&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>71321, Fluka</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide,&#8805;98%&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H5882</td>
			<td>CTAB</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silver Nitrate, 99.9999% trace metals basis</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>204390</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-ascorbic acid,BioXtra, &#8805;99.0%, crystalline 
			&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A5960</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tellurium dioxide,&#8805;99%&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>243450</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrazine monohydrate, 64-65 %, reagent grade, 98%&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>207942</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly(styrene-b-acrylic acid)(PS154-PAA49)</td>
			<td>Polymer Source</td>
			<td>P4673A-SAA</td>
			<td>PS16000-PAA3500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly(styrene-b-acrylic acid)(PS144-PAA28)</td>
			<td>Polymer Source</td>
			<td>P4002-SAA</td>
			<td>PS15000-PAA1600</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-Naphthalenethiol, 
			&#160;&#8805;99.0% (GC)&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>88910, Fluka</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium dodecyl sulfate, 99%</td>
			<td>Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td>A11183</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>single wall carbon nanotubes, 99%&#160; ultra-pure</td>
			<td>NanoIntegris</td>
			<td>PC10344a</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium hydroxide</td>
			<td>Sinopharm</td>
			<td>S1900136</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphothioethanol (sodium salt)&#160;</td>
			<td>Avanti polar lipids</td>
			<td>870160P</td>
			<td>PSH</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N,N-dimethylformamide</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>SA4s640012</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol, absolute</td>
			<td>Fischer</td>
			<td>E/0650DF/17</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrochloric acid, 37%</td>
			<td>Honey well</td>
			<td>10189005</td>
			<td>Dilute to 1M before use&#160;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

using polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated metal nanoparticles as monomers for their homo- and co-polymerization

We present a template-free method for &#8220;polymerizing&#8221; nanoparticles into long chains without side branches. A variety of nanoparticles are encapsulated in polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid) (PSPAA) shells and then used as monomers for their self-assembly. Spherical PSPAA micelles upon acid treatment are known to assemble into cylindrical micelles. Exploiting this tendency, the core-shell nanoparticles are induced to aggregate, coalesce, and then transform into long chains. When more than one type of nanoparticles are used, random and block &#8220;copolymers&#8221; of nanoparticles can be obtained. Detailed procedures are reported for the PSPAA encapsulation of nanoparticles, homo- and co-polymerization of the core-shell nanoparticles, separation and purification of the resulting nanoparticle chains. Transformations of single-line chains into double- and triple-line chains are also presented. The synergy between the polymer shell and the embedded nanoparticles leads to an unusual chain-growth polymerization mode, giving long nanoparticle chains that are distinct from the products of the traditional step-growth aggregation process.

나노 단량체 및 사슬 TEM에 의해 특징된다. 1 모폴로지 및 크기 (도 1)이 확인 PSPAA 캡슐화 모노머의 대표적인 TEM 이미지를 보여준다. 몇몇 단량체는 전형적으로 &quot;중합&quot;후에 샘플에 남아있는 바와 같이, 샘플은 일반적으로 정제 및 TEM 특성화에 사용되기 이전에 농축된다. 기미는 TEM 이미지의 명확한 콘트라스트 폴리머 외피를 렌더링하기 위해, 1 %의 몰리?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Using Polystyrene-block-polyacrylic acid-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization at JoVE.com

Using Polystyrene-block-polyacrylic acid-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization

We report protocols for &#8220;polymerizing&#8221; various types of polymer-encapsulated metal nanoparticles into long chains of &#8220;homo-&#8220; and &#8220;co-polymers&#8221;.

폴리스타이렌을 사용하여<em&gt; 블록</em&gt; 폴리 (아크릴산) 및 이들의 단독 중합체는 공중합 용 단량체로 피복 된 금속 나노 입자

We present a template-free method for &#8220;polymerizing&#8221; nanoparticles into long chains without side branches. A variety of nanoparticles are ...

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Chemistry

Using Polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization

12.0K 조회수.  Nanyang Technological University. We report protocols for “polymerizing” various types of polymer-encapsulated metal nanoparticles into long chains of “homo-“ and “co-polymers”. 