Name: visible-light induced reduction of graphene oxide using plasmonic nanoparticle
Uploaded: 2015-09-22T16:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 7 min 24 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle at JoVE.com

이 작품은 한국 (2013R1A1A1061387)의 국립 연구 재단과 고려 대학교 - 한국 과학 기술 연구원 (KIST) 연구 기금에 의해 지원되었다.

전구체 1. 준비 <ol><li> 그래 핀 옥사이드 (GO)의 제조 : <ol><li> GO 준비 허머의 방법 (14)을 수정하여 <ol><li> 농축 H 2의 혼합물에 흑연 플레이크 3.0 g을 추가 SO 3 PO 4 / H 4 (360 : 40 ㎖)에 RT에서. (참고 : 특별한주의가 PO 4 강산 그렇게 H (2) (4) (H) (3)을 사용하는 동안주의가 필요하다.) </li><li> 천천히 교반하면서 KMnO 4 (18.0 g)를 첨가하고, 빙냉하여 &lt;35 ℃에서 반응 혼합물의 온도를 유지한다. (증가 된 반응 시간이 끈적 용액, 교반 효율을 유지하기 위해 적절한 방법을 사용할 필요가있다.) (참고 : 특별한주의로 인해 발열 반응에 KMnO 4를 첨가하면서 취해 져야한다.) </li><li> 12 ℃에서 50 시간 및 RT로 냉각 후, 얼음에 반응 혼합물을 부어 30 % H 2 O 2 (3 ㎖)를 함유하는 (400 ㎖) 동안 교반한다. </li><li> R 필터상층 액을 제거하기 위해 미 반응 흑연 원심 분리, 여과 액 (2 시간 동안 4,722 XG 속도)를 제거하기 위해 금속 미국 표준 테스트 체 (300 μm의)를 사용하여 eaction 혼합물. </li><li> 5.0-6.0에서 용액의 pH가 도달 될 때까지 다시 원심 200 ml의 물을 30 % HCl 200 ㎖, 에탄올 200 ㎖와 단계, 및 증류수를 반복한다. </li><li> 무성 GO 분말을 제조 최종 용액을 동결 건조. </li><li> , 나노 크기 GO 용액을 트리플 증류수 (&gt; 18 MΩ) 40 ㎖에 GO 분말 20 mg을 용해하고 장기간 초음파 처리 (35 %의 진폭, 500 W, 2 시간)으로 박리하기 위하여, 전체 크기 분포 될 때까지 150 나노 미터 이하로, 다음 침전물 (UN-박리 큰 GO 시트)를 제거하는 데 두 번 (10,625 XG 속도, 15 분)을 원심 분리기. </li></ol></li></ol></li><li> 플라즈몬 나노 입자의 제조 <ol><li> AuNPs의 준비 <ol><li> 구연산 안정화 구형 모양의 금 나노 입자 (AUN30 nm의 입자 크기 (PS), OD = 1.0) R-GO 환원을 위해 사용되었다. </li></ol></li><li> AuNRs (15)의 제조 <ol><li> 0.1 M 세틸 트리메틸 암모늄 브로마이드 HAuCl 4 (0.01 M) 0.25 mL 및 9.75 ㎖ (CTAB의 수성 혼합물 용액 작성 내로의 NaBH 4 용액 (0.01 M)의 새로 제조 한 0.6 mL의 빙냉 용액을 첨가하여 시드 용액을 제조 ). </li><li> 0.5 분 동안 격렬하게 생성 된 혼합물을 교반 한 후 3 시간 동안 28 ℃에서 보관하십시오. </li><li> CTAB의 475 ㎖ (0.1 M), AGNO 3 (0.01 M)의 3 ㎖ 및 HAuCl 4 20 ㎖ (0.01 M)를 혼합하여 성장 솔루션을 준비합니다. </li><li> 이어서 갓 수성 HCl (1.0 M) 용액 0.8 ml를 첨가하여 혼합물에 아스코르브 산 (0.01 M)의 제조 3.2 mL의 추가한다. </li><li> 마지막 단계 28에서 성장 액 시드 용액 3.2 mL를 추가 C를 ° 및 초간 짧은 반전 반응 혼합물 대상. 마지막으로, KE적어도 6 시간 동안 방해받지 않고, 생성 된 혼합물을 EP. </li><li> UV 가시 최대 흡수 용 분광법 (λ 최대)와 TEM 분석으로 제조 AuNRs 분석 (통상 λ 최대 종횡비는 730 nm 내지 3.5, 각각 것으로 밝혀졌다). </li></ol></li><li> AuNSs (16)의 제조 <ol><li> 100 mM의 농도를 가진 4- (2- 히드 록시 에틸) 수용액 원액 -1- 피페 라진 에탄 술폰산 (HEPES)을 제조하고, 1.0 M NaOH 용액을 첨가하여 25 ℃에서 7.4로 pH를 조정한다. </li><li> 2- [4- (2- 히드 록시 에틸) -1- 피 페라 지닐] 에탄 설 폰산 (100 mM)을 30 ml의 인산염 완충액 (100 mM)을 20 ㎖를 혼합한다. </li><li> 이어서 상기 혼합물에 금 (III) 클로라이드 트리 하이드레이트 (20 mM)을 500 μL를 추가 한 수욕에서 30 분 동안 28.5 ℃로 유지한다. 녹색 파란색 빛 노란색에서 솔루션 색상 변경은 30 분을 관찰 할 수 있습니다 후. </li><li> 30 분 동안 8,928 XG 속도로 솔루션을 원심 분리기 및 분산증류수에 침전. </li><li> 마지막으로, 각각 740 nm 내지 30 nm의 것이 판명 된 입자 크기 확인을 위해 UV 가시위한 최대 흡수 분광법 (λ 최대)와 TEM 분석으로 준비된 AuNSs 분석. </li></ol></li></ol></li></ol> 2. 준비 가시 광선 및 AuNPs를 사용하여 R은-GO <ol><li> 플라즈몬 나노 입자의 1 ML을 추가합니다 (ABS AuNPs 520 nm의, 애비 AuNRs 750 nm의, 그리고 AuNSs 730 nm에서 애비 1.0, 각각에서 1.0에서 1.0)과 수산화 암모늄 100 ㎕ (28 %, W / V %)의에 물 순환되는 재킷을 갖춘 파이렉스 유리 반응기에 넣은 GO 용액 (230 내지 0.125 밀리그램 mL의 -1에서 OD 1.0) 10 ㎖. </li><li> 25 ℃로 온도를 유지 한 다음에 15 분 동안 10,625 XG 속도로 용액을 원심 분리하여 물 순환 자켓을 통해 물 순환과 30 분 동안의 Xe 램프 (1.56 W의 형상 -2의 전력 밀도)를 가진 혼합물을 조사금 나노 입자를 제거합니다. </li><li> 포함 된 상층 액을 가지고 준비 R-GO 200-900 nm 범위에서 (270 nm에서 특유의 흡수 밴드를 표시해야합니다 R-GO) 자외선 - 가시 광선 분광 광도계로 분석합니다. </li></ol> 3. 대상 DNA 검출 R-GO 솔루션 (17)를 사용하여 <ol><li> 형광 담금질의 경우, (GO의 25 μl를 포함 GO 또는 R-GO 용액에 0.125을 10-6 M Cy3에 수정 ssDNA를 (5&#39;-ATC CTT ATC AAT AT &amp; T TAA CAA TAA TCC CTC-Cy3-3 &#39;)의 20 μl를 추가 mg을 ml의 1) 또는 0.3 M PBS 용액 (10 mM의 인산 완충액, 0.3 M의 NaCl)의 1,955 μL에서 R-GO (0.125 밀리그램 ml의 1) 및 실온에서 10 분 동안 품어. </li><li> 분광 (λ의 예 = 529 ㎚)와 이들 샘플의 형광 강도를 측정한다. </li><li> 대상 탐지를 들어, 세 가지 다른 농도 (10-6을 &lt;에 표적 올리고 뉴클레오타이드 용액 (5&#39; 개그 GGA TTA TTG TTA AAT AT &amp; T GAT AAG GAT- 3 &#39;)의 200 μl를 추가/ SUP&gt; M, 10-6 M ssDNA를-Cy3에 20 μL, GO 또는 R-GO의 25 μl를 포함하는 이동 또는 R-GO 솔루션에 10-7 M, 10-8 M) (0.125 밀리그램 ml의 1) 및 형광 복구 실험 0.3 M PBS의 1755 μL. (17) 참고 : 광원 및 원자로 가시 광선 (400-780 nm의) 소스. 가시광 파이렉스 유리 반응기 (창 직경 = 1.1 cm) 크세논 (Xe) 램프 (1.56 W / ㎝ 2 전원)를 사용하여 이동 용액을 함유 통해 조사. 반응기에인가 광자 에너지는 분 당 4.8 × 1021 포톤 (도 2A-2C)로 계산된다. 근적외선 (NIR) 레이저. 0.36 W / ㎠의 전력 밀도, GO 환원 반응 (도 2E) 용 근적외선 광원으로 사용 된 나노 미터 (808)의 동작 파장과 NIR 레이저 (창 직경 = 13.2 cm). 광자 에너지는 분 당 2.43 × 1021 광자로 계산된다. REAC토르 : 파이렉스 유리 반응기 (창 직경 = 1.1 cm, 반응 부피 = 10 ㎖), 물 순환 자켓 장착 가시광 및 근적외선에 모두 사용된다 GO 환원 반응 (도 2F)를 조사. </li></ol>

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Sci. Technol. 2 (6), 1153-1156 (2012).</li></ol>

우리는 공개 할게 없다.

금 나노 입자 (AuNPs, AuNSs &amp; AuNRs)와 30 분 동안 GO 솔루션 위에 가시 광선 조사는 검은 색 (그림 1)에 밝은 노란색 갈색의 빠른 컬러 변화를 보여 주었다. 높은 수율로 고순도의 R-GO 제품을 구하려면, 두 가지 중요한 요소가 따를 필요가있다. AuNPs 강하게 다른 구조 (즉, AuNRs, AuNSs) 중, 가시광을 흡수 할 수 있기 때문에 하나는 효율적인 플라즈몬 AuNPs 촉매로서 사용하는 것이다. 다른...

<html> 처음 개발 된 스카치 테이프 기반 방법 (1) 및 화학 기상 증착 (2)는 그래 핀의 원시 상태를 생성하는 우수한 방법 이었지만 넓은 영역 표면에 대규모 그라 합성 또는 그래 핀 층의 형성의 주요 제한으로 간주되어왔다 이전의 방법. 습식 화학 합성 첫 번째 시트를 GO 생산하는 등 초음파 강한 산화제, 광범위한 물리 치료 반응을 요구 방법 및 산소 기능 등을 최종적으로 감소 될 것입니다 대규모 R-GO 합성 가능한 솔루션의 3 하나 같은 GO 하이드 록시, 에폭시 및 카르보닐기 원래 물성을 복구하기 위해 필수적이다. 구름 4 GO의 감소 (히드라진 또는 그 유도체 (5) 또는 열처리 법에 의해를 이용한 화학적 방법 중 하나와 550-1,100 °를 행했다 불활성 또는 환원 분위기에서의 C). 6 jove_content &quot;&gt; 이러한 프로세스는 독성 화학 물질, R-GO 합성을위한 총 에너지 수요 증가 긴 반응 시간 및 높은 온도를 필요로한다. (7) 등의 UV 유도 8 광열 프로세스로 광 조사 환원 프로세스 펄스 크세논을 사용하면서 플래시, 9는 펄스 레이저 (10) 및 광열 11도의 제조에보고되어 카메라 플래시 조명 가열 보조 R - 이동. 일반적으로, 광 - 유도 방식의 낮은 변환 효율은 UV 또는 펄스의 사용 전파 높은 광자 에너지를 제공 할 수있는 레이저 조사. 가시 광선의 낮은 광자 에너지는 사용되지는 R-GO 합성에 많은 매력을 제한한다. 플라즈몬 나노 입자의 우수한 광 흡수 특성을 볼 수 및 / 또는 NIR 지역에서 크게 현재의 단점을 개선 할 수 있습니다 R-GO 합성 가시광의 사용. 12,13 온화한 반응 조건, 짧은 반응 시간 및 독성 CH의 제한된 사용emicals 유용한 다른 방법으로 GO의 광촉매 감소를 이용한 가시 광선 유도 플라즈몬을 만들 수 있습니다. 본 방법에서는, 나노 입자 및 플라즈몬 가시광을 사용하여 효율적이고 간단한 R-GO 합성 방법을 설명한다. 반응 진행은 구면 금 나노 입자 (AuNPs), 금 나노 막대 (AuNRs), 금 나노 별 (AuNSs)로 플라즈 모닉 나노 입자의 구조에 크게 의존하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. AuNPs의 사용은 GO의 가장 효율적인 감소를 보였고, 나노 입자는 반복 사용 (그림 1)에 대한 쉽게 제거 및 재활용 할 수 있습니다. R은 - 이동 가시광을 사용하여 합성 및 AuNPs는 비하여 거의 동등한 품질을 보였다 R-GO 다양한 분석 측정 및 형광 소광 / 회복 계 DNA 검출 방법의 사용에 의해 입증 된 바와 같이 공지 된 화학적 방법 (히드라진)에 의해 제조.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Cy3 modifeid ssDNA</td><td>IDT(Iowa, USA)</td><td></td><td>HPLC purified by IDT</td></tr><tr><td>Gold nanoparticles (30&amp;#160;nm)</td><td>Ted Pella, Inc(Redding, CA, USA).</td><td>15706-20</td><td>colloidal solution</td></tr><tr><td>4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethane sulfonic acid (HEPES) (99.5%)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>7365-45-9</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gold(III) Chloride Hydrate (99.999%)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>&amp;nbsp;27988-77-8</td><td>strongly hygroscopic</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Borohydride (99.99%)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>16940-66-2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (&amp;ge;99%)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>57-09-0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>L-Ascorbic Acid(&amp;ge;99.0%)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>50-81-7</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Chloride (99.5%)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>7647-14-5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Silver Nitrate&amp;nbsp; (&amp;ge;99.0%)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>7761-88-8</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Graphite</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>7782-42-5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sulfuric acid</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>7664-93-9</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Phophoric acid</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>7664-38-2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Potassium permanganate</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>7722-64-7</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hydrogen peroxide</td><td>JUNSEI</td><td>23150-0350</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ammonium hydroxide</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>1336-21-6</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Xe-lamp</td><td>&amp;nbsp;Cermax, Waltham, USA</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NIR Laser</td><td>Class-IV, Sanctity Laser, Shanghai, China&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td><td>6W (output power)</td></tr><tr><td>UV-Vis spectrophotometer&amp;nbsp;</td><td>S-3100, SINCO, South Korea</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Transmission Electron Microscopy</td><td>H-7650, Hitachi, Japan</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Spectro Fluorometer</td><td>Jasco FP-6500, Tokyo, Japan</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer</td><td>AXIS&amp;ndash;NOVA, KRATOS Inc., UK</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

visible-light induced reduction of graphene oxide using plasmonic nanoparticle

본 연구는 나노 플라즈몬과 가시 광선 조사를 사용하여 RT에서 환원 그래 핀 옥사이드 (R-GO) 용액을 제조하는 간단한 화학적 자유 신속하며 에너지 효율적인 방법을 설명한다. GO 플라즈몬 나노 입자의 환원 효율을 높이기 위해 사용된다. 그것만 XE-램프 솔루션을 조명하여 RT에서 30 분 소요 R-GO 솔루션은 완전히 간단한 원심 분리 단계를 통해 금 나노 입자를 제거함으로써 얻을 수있다. 다른 나노 구조물에 비해 구형 금 나노 입자 (AuNPs)은 R-GO 제조에 가장 적합한 플라즈몬 나노 구조물이다. 감소 된 그래 핀 산화물은 가시광을 사용하여 제조 및 AuNPs 화학적 같은 UV-비스 분광법, 라만 분광법, 분말 XRD 및 XPS 분석과 같은 다양한 기술들에 의해 지원 된 그래 핀 산화물을 저감 질적으로 동등 하였다. 가시 광선 준비 감소 된 그래 핀 산화물은 불소에 우수한 담금질 특성을 보여줍니다escent 분자는 ssDNA를하고 표적 DNA 검출을위한 우수한 형광 복구에 수정했습니다. 재활용 AuNPs에 의해 제조 된-GO R은 화학적으로 감소 R-GO의 그것과 동일한 품질로 발견된다. 플라즈몬 나노 입자와 가시광의 사용은 R-GO 합성 양호한 대안 방법을 설명한다.

그림 1은 가시 광선 및 플라즈몬 나노 입자 기반의 R-GO 환원 반응에 대한 전반적인 계획을 보여줍니다. (2) 반응에 대한 도구 적 설정을 보여줍니다. 반응 한 결과,도 3a에 도시 된 바와 같이 사용 광촉매 (AuNSs, AuNRs 또는 AuNPs)를 제거하기 위해 원심 분리 단계가 요구된다. HRTEM 분석은 UV 가시 분석 연구에서 약 500 ~ 800 nm의도 3c, 흡수 밴드...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle at JoVE.com

Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle

가시광 플라즈몬 나노 입자를 사용하여 단축 된 그래 핀 옥사이드의 제조를위한 간단한 프로토콜을 설명한다.

플라즈몬 나노 입자를 사용하여 그래 핀 산화물의 가시 광선 유도 감소

Present work demonstrates the simple, chemical free, fast, and energy efficient method to produce reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) solution at RT using ...

visible-light-induced-reduction-graphene-oxide-using-plasmonic

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

14.4K 조회수.  Korea University.  가시광 플라즈몬 나노 입자를 사용하여 단축 된 그래 핀 옥사이드의 제조를위한 간단한 프로토콜을 설명한다. 

비디오: Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Template Directed Synthesis of Plasmonic Gold Nanotubes with Tunable IR Absorbance

A nearly parallel array of pores can be produced by anodizing aluminum foils in acidic environments1, 2. Applications of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes have been under development since the 1990's and have become a common method to template the synthesis of high aspect ratio nanostructures, mostly by electrochemical growth or pore-wetting. Recently, these membranes have become commercially available in a wide range of pore sizes and densities, leading to an extensive library of functional nanostructures being synthesized from AAO membranes. These include composite nanorods, nanowires and nanotubes made of metals, inorganic materials or polymers 3-10. Nanoporous membranes have been used to synthesize nanoparticle and nanotube arrays that perform well as refractive index sensors, plasmonic biosensors, or surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates 11-16, as well as a wide range of other fields such as photo-thermal heating 17, permselective transport 18, 19, catalysis 20, microfluidics 21, and electrochemical sensing 22, 23. Here, we report a novel procedure to prepare gold nanotubes in AAO membranes. Hollow nanostructures have potential application in plasmonic and SERS sensing, and we anticipate these gold nanotubes will allow for high sensitivity and strong plasmon signals, arising from decreased material dampening 15.

Solution-suspendable gold nanotubes with controlled dimensions can be synthesized by electrochemical deposition in porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes using a hydrophobic polymer core. Gold nanotubes and nanotube arrays hold promise for applications in plasmonic biosensing, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, photo-thermal heating, ionic and molecular transport, microfluidics, catalysis and electrochemical sensing.

템플릿 조정할 IR의 흡광도와 Plasmonic 골드 나노 튜브의 합성을 감독

A nearly parallel array of pores can be produced by anodizing aluminum foils in acidic environments1, 2. Applications of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) ...

연구

화학

Evaluating Plasmonic Transport in Current-carrying Silver Nanowires

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information support1,2,3. In this context, metal nanowires are especially desirable for realizing dense routing networks4. A prerequisite to operate such shared nanowire-based platform relies on our ability to electrically contact individual metal nanowires and efficiently excite surface plasmon polaritons5 in this information support. In this article, we describe a protocol to bring electrical terminals to chemically-synthesized silver nanowires6 randomly distributed on a glass substrate7. The positions of the nanowire ends with respect to predefined landmarks are precisely located using standard optical transmission microscopy before encapsulation in an electron-sensitive resist. Trenches representing the electrode layout are subsequently designed by electron-beam lithography. Metal electrodes are then fabricated by thermally evaporating a Cr/Au layer followed by a chemical lift-off. The contacted silver nanowires are finally transferred to a leakage radiation microscope for surface plasmon excitation and characterization8,9. Surface plasmons are launched in the nanowires by focusing a near infrared laser beam on a diffraction-limited spot overlapping one nanowire extremity5,9. For sufficiently large nanowires, the surface plasmon mode leaks into the glass substrate9,10. This leakage radiation is readily detected, imaged, and analyzed in the different conjugate planes in leakage radiation microscopy9,11. The electrical terminals do not affect the plasmon propagation. However, a current-induced morphological deterioration of the nanowire drastically degrades the flow of surface plasmons. The combination of surface plasmon leakage radiation microscopy with a simultaneous analysis of the nanowire electrical transport characteristics reveals the intrinsic limitations of such plasmonic circuitry.

Silver nanowires can simultaneously transport electrons and optical information in the form of surface plasmons. A procedure is described here to realize such a shared circuitry and the limitations at propagating both information carriers are evaluated.

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information ...

공학

Utilization of Plasmonic and Photonic Crystal Nanostructures for Enhanced Micro- and Nanoparticle Manipulation

A method to manipulate the position and orientation of submicron particles nondestructively would be an incredibly useful tool for basic biological research. Perhaps the most widely used physical force to achieve noninvasive manipulation of small particles has been dielectrophoresis(DEP).1 However, DEP on its own lacks the versatility and precision that are desired when manipulating cells since it is traditionally done with stationary electrodes. Optical tweezers, which utilize a three dimensional electromagnetic field gradient to exert forces on small particles, achieve this desired versatility and precision.2 However, a major drawback of this approach is the high radiation intensity required to achieve the necessary force to trap a particle which can damage biological samples.3 A solution that allows trapping and sorting with lower optical intensities are optoelectronic tweezers (OET) but OET's have limitations with fine manipulation of small particles; being DEP-based technology also puts constraint on the property of the solution.4,5
This video article will describe two methods that decrease the intensity of the radiation needed for optical manipulation of living cells and also describe a method for orientation control. The first method is plasmonic tweezers which use a random gold nanoparticle (AuNP) array as a substrate for the sample as shown in Figure 1. The AuNP array converts the incident photons into localized surface plasmons (LSP) which consist of resonant dipole moments that radiate and generate a patterned radiation field with a large gradient in the cell solution. Initial work on surface plasmon enhanced trapping by Righini et al and our own modeling have shown the fields generated by the plasmonic substrate reduce the initial intensity required by enhancing the gradient field that traps the particle.6,7,8 The plasmonic approach allows for fine orientation control of ellipsoidal particles and cells with low optical intensities because of more efficient optical energy conversion into mechanical energy and a dipole-dependent radiation field. These fields are shown in figure 2 and the low trapping intensities are detailed in figures 4 and 5. The main problems with plasmonic tweezers are that the LSP's generate a considerable amount of heat and the trapping is only two dimensional. This heat generates convective flows and thermophoresis which can be powerful enough to expel submicron particles from the trap.9,10 The second approach that we will describe is utilizing periodic dielectric nanostructures to scatter incident light very efficiently into diffraction modes, as shown in figure 6.11 Ideally, one would make this structure out of a dielectric material to avoid the same heating problems experienced with the plasmonic tweezers but in our approach an aluminum-coated diffraction grating is used as a one-dimensional periodic dielectric nanostructure. Although it is not a semiconductor, it did not experience significant heating and effectively trapped small particles with low trapping intensities, as shown in figure 7. Alignment of particles with the grating substrate conceptually validates the proposition that a 2-D photonic crystal could allow precise rotation of non-spherical micron sized particles.10 The efficiencies of these optical traps are increased due to the enhanced fields produced by the nanostructures described in this paper.

Plasmonic tweezers and photonic crystal nanostructures are shown to produce useful enhancements in the efficiency and orientation control of optically trapping micro- and nano-particles.

향상된 마이크로 및 Nanoparticle 조작에 대한 Plasmonic 및 광자 크리스탈 Nanostructures 활용

A method to manipulate the position and orientation of submicron particles nondestructively would be an incredibly useful tool for basic biological ...

생체공학

Multifunctional Hybrid Fe2O3-Au Nanoparticles for Efficient Plasmonic Heating

One of the most widely used methods for manufacturing colloidal gold nanospherical particles involves the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) to neutral gold Au(0) by reducing agents, such as sodium citrate or sodium borohydride. The extension of this method to decorate iron oxide or similar nanoparticles with gold nanoparticles to create multifunctional hybrid Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles is straightforward. This approach yields fairly good control over Au nanoparticle dimensions and loading onto Fe2O3. Additionally, the Au metal size, shape, and loading can easily be tuned by changing experimental parameters (e.g., reactant concentrations, reducing agents, surfactants, etc.). An advantage of this procedure is that the reaction can be done in air or water, and, in principle, is amenable to scaling up. The use of such optically tunable Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles for hyperthermia studies is an attractive option as it capitalizes on plasmonic heating of gold nanoparticles tuned to absorb light strongly in the VIS-NIR region. In addition to its plasmonic effects, nanoscale Au provides a unique surface for interesting chemistries and catalysis. The Fe2O3 material provides additional functionality due to its magnetic property. For example, an external magnetic field could be used to collect and recycle the hybrid Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles after a catalytic experiment, or alternatively, the magnetic Fe2O3 can be used for hyperthermia studies through magnetic heat induction. The photothermal experiment described in this report measures bulk temperature change and nanoparticle solution mass loss as functions of time using infrared thermocouples and a balance, respectively. The ease of sample preparation and the use of readily available equipment are distinct advantages of this technique. A caveat is that these photothermal measurements assess the bulk solution temperature and not the surface of the nanoparticle where the heat is transduced and the temperature is likely to be higher.

Multifunctional Hybrid Fe2O3-Au Nanoparticles for Efficient Plasmonic Heating

We describe the synthesis and properties of multifunctional Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles produced by a wet chemical approach and investigate their photothermal properties using laser irradiation. The composite Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles retain the properties of both materials, creating a multifunctional structure with excellent magnetic and plasmonic properties.

다기능 하이브리드 철<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; O<sub&gt; 3</sub&gt; 효율적인 플라즈몬 난방을위한 -Au 나노 입자

One of the most widely used methods for manufacturing colloidal gold nanospherical particles involves the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) to ...

In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films

Combinations of metal oxide semiconductors and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been investigated as new types of materials. The in situ synthesis of AuNPs within the interlayer space of semiconducting layered titania nanosheet (TNS) films was investigated here. Two types of intermediate films (i.e., TNS films containing methyl viologen (TNS/MV2+) and 2-ammoniumethanethiol (TNS/2-AET+)) were prepared. The two intermediate films were soaked in an aqueous tetrachloroauric(III) acid (HAuCl4) solution, whereby considerable amounts of Au(III) species were accommodated within the interlayer spaces of the TNS films. The two types of obtained films were then soaked in an aqueous sodium tetrahydroborate (NaBH4) solution, whereupon the color of the films immediately changed from colorless to purple, suggesting the formation of AuNPs within the TNS interlayer. When only TNS/MV2+ was used as the intermediate film, the color of the film gradually changed from metallic purple to dusty purple within 30 min, suggesting that aggregation of AuNPs had occurred. In contrast, this color change was suppressed by using the TNS/2-AET+ intermediate film, and the AuNPs were stabilized for over 4 months, as evidenced by the characteristic extinction (absorption and scattering) band from the AuNPs.

In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films

Here, we present a protocol for the in situ synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) within the interlayer space of layered titanate films without the aggregation of AuNPs. No spectral change was observed even after 4 months. The synthesized material has expected applications in catalysis, photo-catalysis, and the development of cost-effective plasmonic devices.

계층화 된 티탄 투명 필름의 층간 공간에서 집계하지 않고 금 나노 입자의 제자리 합성에

Combinations of metal oxide semiconductors and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been investigated as new types of materials. The in situ synthesis of AuNPs ...

Fabrication of Periodic Gold Nanocup Arrays Using Colloidal Lithography

Within recent years, the field of plasmonics has exploded as researchers have demonstrated exciting applications related to chemical and optical sensing in combination with new nanofabrication techniques. A plasmon is a quantum of charge density oscillation that lends nanoscale metals such as gold and silver unique optical properties. In particular, gold and silver nanoparticles exhibit localized surface plasmon resonances-collective charge density oscillations on the surface of the nanoparticle-in the visible spectrum. Here, we focus on the fabrication of periodic arrays of anisotropic plasmonic nanostructures. These half-shell (or nanocup) structures can exhibit additional unique light-bending and polarization-dependent optical properties that simple isotropic nanostructures cannot. Researchers are interested in the fabrication of periodic arrays of nanocups for a wide variety of applications such as low-cost optical devices, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and tamper indication. We present a scalable technique based on colloidal lithography in which it is possible to easily fabricate large periodic arrays of nanocups using spin-coating and self-assembled commercially available polymeric nanospheres. Electron microscopy and optical spectroscopy from the visible to near-infrared (near-IR) was performed to confirm successful nanocup fabrication. We conclude with a demonstration of the transfer of nanocups to a flexible, conformal adhesive film.

We demonstrate the fabrication of periodic gold nanocup arrays using colloidal lithographic techniques and discuss the importance of nanoplasmonic films.

콜 로이드 리소 그래피를 사용 하 여 정기적 금 Nanocup 배열의 제작

Within recent years, the field of plasmonics has exploded as researchers have demonstrated exciting applications related to chemical and optical sensing ...

Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons

We have developed a unique method to measure the excitation and coupling rates between the light emitters and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) arising from metallic periodic arrays without involving time-resolved techniques. We have formulated the rates by quantities that can be measured by simple optical measurements. The instrumentation based on angle- and polarization-resolved reflectivity and photoluminescence spectroscopy will be described in detail here. Our approach is intriguing due to its simplicity, which requires routine optics and several mechanical stages, and thus is highly affordable to most of the research laboratories.

This protocol describes the instrumentation for determining the excitation and coupling rates between light emitters and Bloch-like surface plasmon polaritons arising from periodic arrays.

여기 및 빛 방출 및 표면 플라스몬 Polaritons 사이 요금 커플링

We have developed a unique method to measure the excitation and coupling rates between the light emitters and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) arising ...

Performing Spectroscopy on Plasmonic Nanoparticles with Transmission-Based Nomarski-Type Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy is a powerful imaging tool that is most commonly employed for imaging microscale objects using visible-range light. The purpose of this protocol is to detail a proven method for preparing plasmonic nanoparticle samples and performing single particle spectroscopy on them with DIC microscopy. Several important steps must be followed carefully in order to perform repeatable spectroscopy experiments. First, landmarks can be etched into the sample substrate, which aids in locating the sample surface and in tracking the region of interest during experiments. Next, the substrate must be properly cleaned of debris and contaminants that can otherwise hinder or obscure examination of the sample. Once a sample is properly prepared, the optical path of the microscope must be aligned, using Kohler Illumination. With a standard Nomarski style DIC microscope, rotation of the sample may be necessary, particularly when the plasmonic nanoparticles exhibit orientation-dependent optical properties. Because DIC microscopy has two inherent orthogonal polarization fields, the wavelength-dependent DIC contrast pattern reveals the orientation of rod-shaped plasmonic nanoparticles. Finally, data acquisition and data analyses must be carefully performed. It is common to represent DIC-based spectroscopy data as a contrast value, but it is also possible to present it as intensity data. In this demonstration of DIC for single particle spectroscopy, the focus is on spherical and rod-shaped gold nanoparticles.

The goal of this protocol is to detail a proven approach for the preparation of plasmonic nanoparticle samples and for performing single particle spectroscopy on them with differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy.

투과 형 Nomarski 타입 차동 간섭 콘트라스트 현미경을 사용 하 여 플라스 몬 Ic 나노 입자에 대 한 분광학 수행

Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy is a powerful imaging tool that is most commonly employed for imaging microscale objects using ...

Photodeposition of Pd onto Colloidal Au Nanorods by Surface Plasmon Excitation

A protocol is described to photocatalytically guide Pd deposition onto Au nanorods (AuNR) using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Excited plasmonic hot electrons upon SPR irradiation drive reductive deposition of Pd on colloidal AuNR in the presence of [PdCl4]2-. Plasmon-driven reduction of secondary metals potentiates covalent, sub-wavelength deposition at targeted locations coinciding with electric field &#8220;hot-spots&#8221; of the plasmonic substrate using an external field (e.g., laser). The process described herein details a solution-phase deposition of a catalytically-active noble metal (Pd) from a transition metal halide salt (H2PdCl4) onto aqueously-suspended, anisotropic plasmonic structures (AuNR). The solution-phase process is amenable to making other bimetallic architectures. Transmission UV-vis monitoring of the photochemical reaction, coupled with ex situ XPS and statistical TEM analysis, provide immediate experimental feedback to evaluate properties of the bimetallic structures as they evolve during the photocatalytic reaction. Resonant plasmon irradiation of AuNR in the presence of [PdCl4]2- creates a thin, covalently-bound Pd0 shell without any significant dampening effect on its plasmonic behavior in this representative experiment/batch. Overall, plasmonic photodeposition offers an alternative route for high-volume, economical synthesis of optoelectronic materials with sub-5 nm features (e.g., heterometallic photocatalysts or optoelectronic interconnects).

A protocol for anisotropic photodeposition of Pd onto aqueously-suspended Au nanorods via localized surface plasmon excitation is presented.

표면 플라스몬 여기에 의해 콜로이드 Au 나노로드에 Pd의 포토포지션

A protocol is described to photocatalytically guide Pd deposition onto Au nanorods (AuNR) using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Excited plasmonic hot ...

Graphene-Assisted Quasi-van der Waals Epitaxy of AlN Film on Nano-Patterned Sapphire Substrate for Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes

This protocol demonstrates a method for graphene-assisted quick growth and coalescence of AlN on nano-pattened sapphire substrate (NPSS). Graphene layers are directly grown on NPSS using catalyst-free atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD). By applying nitrogen reactive ion etching (RIE) plasma treatment, defects are introduced into the graphene film to enhance chemical reactivity. During metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) growth of AlN, this N-plasma treated graphene buffer enables AlN quick growth, and coalescence on NPSS is confirmed by cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The high quality of AlN on graphene-NPSS is then evaluated by X-ray rocking curves (XRCs) with narrow (0002) and (10-12) full width at half-maximum (FWHM) as 267.2 arcsec and 503.4 arcsec, respectively. Compared to bare NPSS, AlN growth on graphene-NPSS shows significant reduction of residual stress from 0.87 GPa to 0.25 Gpa, based on Raman measurements. Followed by AlGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWS) growth on graphene-NPSS, AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light-emitting-diodes (DUV LEDs) are fabricated. The fabricated DUV-LEDs also demonstrate obvious, enhanced luminescence performance. This work provides a new solution for the growth of high quality AlN and fabrication of high performance DUV-LEDs using a shorter process and less costs.

A protocol for graphene-assisted growth of high-quality AlN films on nano-patterned sapphire substrate is presented.

자외선 발광 다이오드용 나노 패턴 사파이어 기판에 대한 알N 필름의 그래핀 지원 준 반 데르 발스 에피택시

This protocol demonstrates a method for graphene-assisted quick growth and coalescence of AlN on nano-pattened sapphire substrate (NPSS). Graphene layers ...