이 작품은 한국 (2013R1A1A1061387)의 국립 연구 재단과 고려 대학교 - 한국 과학 기술 연구원 (KIST) 연구 기금에 의해 지원되었다.

전구체 1. 준비 <ol><li> 그래 핀 옥사이드 (GO)의 제조 : <ol><li> GO 준비 허머의 방법 (14)을 수정하여 <ol><li> 농축 H 2의 혼합물에 흑연 플레이크 3.0 g을 추가 SO 3 PO 4 / H 4 (360 : 40 ㎖)에 RT에서. (참고 : 특별한주의가 PO 4 강산 그렇게 H (2) (4) (H) (3)을 사용하는 동안주의가 필요하다.) </li><li> 천천히 교반하면서 KMnO 4 (18.0 g)를 첨가하고, 빙냉하여 &lt;35 ℃에서 반응 혼합물의 온도를 유지한다. (증가 된 반응 시간이 끈적 용액, 교반 효율을 유지하기 위해 적절한 방법을 사용할 필요가있다.) (참고 : 특별한주의로 인해 발열 반응에 KMnO 4를 첨가하면서 취해 져야한다.) </li><li> 12 ℃에서 50 시간 및 RT로 냉각 후, 얼음에 반응 혼합물을 부어 30 % H 2 O 2 (3 ㎖)를 함유하는 (400 ㎖) 동안 교반한다. </li><li> R 필터상층 액을 제거하기 위해 미 반응 흑연 원심 분리, 여과 액 (2 시간 동안 4,722 XG 속도)를 제거하기 위해 금속 미국 표준 테스트 체 (300 μm의)를 사용하여 eaction 혼합물. </li><li> 5.0-6.0에서 용액의 pH가 도달 될 때까지 다시 원심 200 ml의 물을 30 % HCl 200 ㎖, 에탄올 200 ㎖와 단계, 및 증류수를 반복한다. </li><li> 무성 GO 분말을 제조 최종 용액을 동결 건조. </li><li> , 나노 크기 GO 용액을 트리플 증류수 (&gt; 18 MΩ) 40 ㎖에 GO 분말 20 mg을 용해하고 장기간 초음파 처리 (35 %의 진폭, 500 W, 2 시간)으로 박리하기 위하여, 전체 크기 분포 될 때까지 150 나노 미터 이하로, 다음 침전물 (UN-박리 큰 GO 시트)를 제거하는 데 두 번 (10,625 XG 속도, 15 분)을 원심 분리기. </li></ol></li></ol></li><li> 플라즈몬 나노 입자의 제조 <ol><li> AuNPs의 준비 <ol><li> 구연산 안정화 구형 모양의 금 나노 입자 (AUN30 nm의 입자 크기 (PS), OD = 1.0) R-GO 환원을 위해 사용되었다. </li></ol></li><li> AuNRs (15)의 제조 <ol><li> 0.1 M 세틸 트리메틸 암모늄 브로마이드 HAuCl 4 (0.01 M) 0.25 mL 및 9.75 ㎖ (CTAB의 수성 혼합물 용액 작성 내로의 NaBH 4 용액 (0.01 M)의 새로 제조 한 0.6 mL의 빙냉 용액을 첨가하여 시드 용액을 제조 ). </li><li> 0.5 분 동안 격렬하게 생성 된 혼합물을 교반 한 후 3 시간 동안 28 ℃에서 보관하십시오. </li><li> CTAB의 475 ㎖ (0.1 M), AGNO 3 (0.01 M)의 3 ㎖ 및 HAuCl 4 20 ㎖ (0.01 M)를 혼합하여 성장 솔루션을 준비합니다. </li><li> 이어서 갓 수성 HCl (1.0 M) 용액 0.8 ml를 첨가하여 혼합물에 아스코르브 산 (0.01 M)의 제조 3.2 mL의 추가한다. </li><li> 마지막 단계 28에서 성장 액 시드 용액 3.2 mL를 추가 C를 ° 및 초간 짧은 반전 반응 혼합물 대상. 마지막으로, KE적어도 6 시간 동안 방해받지 않고, 생성 된 혼합물을 EP. </li><li> UV 가시 최대 흡수 용 분광법 (λ 최대)와 TEM 분석으로 제조 AuNRs 분석 (통상 λ 최대 종횡비는 730 nm 내지 3.5, 각각 것으로 밝혀졌다). </li></ol></li><li> AuNSs (16)의 제조 <ol><li> 100 mM의 농도를 가진 4- (2- 히드 록시 에틸) 수용액 원액 -1- 피페 라진 에탄 술폰산 (HEPES)을 제조하고, 1.0 M NaOH 용액을 첨가하여 25 ℃에서 7.4로 pH를 조정한다. </li><li> 2- [4- (2- 히드 록시 에틸) -1- 피 페라 지닐] 에탄 설 폰산 (100 mM)을 30 ml의 인산염 완충액 (100 mM)을 20 ㎖를 혼합한다. </li><li> 이어서 상기 혼합물에 금 (III) 클로라이드 트리 하이드레이트 (20 mM)을 500 μL를 추가 한 수욕에서 30 분 동안 28.5 ℃로 유지한다. 녹색 파란색 빛 노란색에서 솔루션 색상 변경은 30 분을 관찰 할 수 있습니다 후. </li><li> 30 분 동안 8,928 XG 속도로 솔루션을 원심 분리기 및 분산증류수에 침전. </li><li> 마지막으로, 각각 740 nm 내지 30 nm의 것이 판명 된 입자 크기 확인을 위해 UV 가시위한 최대 흡수 분광법 (λ 최대)와 TEM 분석으로 준비된 AuNSs 분석. </li></ol></li></ol></li></ol> 2. 준비 가시 광선 및 AuNPs를 사용하여 R은-GO <ol><li> 플라즈몬 나노 입자의 1 ML을 추가합니다 (ABS AuNPs 520 nm의, 애비 AuNRs 750 nm의, 그리고 AuNSs 730 nm에서 애비 1.0, 각각에서 1.0에서 1.0)과 수산화 암모늄 100 ㎕ (28 %, W / V %)의에 물 순환되는 재킷을 갖춘 파이렉스 유리 반응기에 넣은 GO 용액 (230 내지 0.125 밀리그램 mL의 -1에서 OD 1.0) 10 ㎖. </li><li> 25 ℃로 온도를 유지 한 다음에 15 분 동안 10,625 XG 속도로 용액을 원심 분리하여 물 순환 자켓을 통해 물 순환과 30 분 동안의 Xe 램프 (1.56 W의 형상 -2의 전력 밀도)를 가진 혼합물을 조사금 나노 입자를 제거합니다. </li><li> 포함 된 상층 액을 가지고 준비 R-GO 200-900 nm 범위에서 (270 nm에서 특유의 흡수 밴드를 표시해야합니다 R-GO) 자외선 - 가시 광선 분광 광도계로 분석합니다. </li></ol> 3. 대상 DNA 검출 R-GO 솔루션 (17)를 사용하여 <ol><li> 형광 담금질의 경우, (GO의 25 μl를 포함 GO 또는 R-GO 용액에 0.125을 10-6 M Cy3에 수정 ssDNA를 (5&#39;-ATC CTT ATC AAT AT &amp; T TAA CAA TAA TCC CTC-Cy3-3 &#39;)의 20 μl를 추가 mg을 ml의 1) 또는 0.3 M PBS 용액 (10 mM의 인산 완충액, 0.3 M의 NaCl)의 1,955 μL에서 R-GO (0.125 밀리그램 ml의 1) 및 실온에서 10 분 동안 품어. </li><li> 분광 (λ의 예 = 529 ㎚)와 이들 샘플의 형광 강도를 측정한다. </li><li> 대상 탐지를 들어, 세 가지 다른 농도 (10-6을 &lt;에 표적 올리고 뉴클레오타이드 용액 (5&#39; 개그 GGA TTA TTG TTA AAT AT &amp; T GAT AAG GAT- 3 &#39;)의 200 μl를 추가/ SUP&gt; M, 10-6 M ssDNA를-Cy3에 20 μL, GO 또는 R-GO의 25 μl를 포함하는 이동 또는 R-GO 솔루션에 10-7 M, 10-8 M) (0.125 밀리그램 ml의 1) 및 형광 복구 실험 0.3 M PBS의 1755 μL. (17) 참고 : 광원 및 원자로 가시 광선 (400-780 nm의) 소스. 가시광 파이렉스 유리 반응기 (창 직경 = 1.1 cm) 크세논 (Xe) 램프 (1.56 W / ㎝ 2 전원)를 사용하여 이동 용액을 함유 통해 조사. 반응기에인가 광자 에너지는 분 당 4.8 × 1021 포톤 (도 2A-2C)로 계산된다. 근적외선 (NIR) 레이저. 0.36 W / ㎠의 전력 밀도, GO 환원 반응 (도 2E) 용 근적외선 광원으로 사용 된 나노 미터 (808)의 동작 파장과 NIR 레이저 (창 직경 = 13.2 cm). 광자 에너지는 분 당 2.43 × 1021 광자로 계산된다. REAC토르 : 파이렉스 유리 반응기 (창 직경 = 1.1 cm, 반응 부피 = 10 ㎖), 물 순환 자켓 장착 가시광 및 근적외선에 모두 사용된다 GO 환원 반응 (도 2F)를 조사. </li></ol>

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Sci. Technol. 2 (6), 1153-1156 (2012).</li></ol>

우리는 공개 할게 없다.

금 나노 입자 (AuNPs, AuNSs &amp; AuNRs)와 30 분 동안 GO 솔루션 위에 가시 광선 조사는 검은 색 (그림 1)에 밝은 노란색 갈색의 빠른 컬러 변화를 보여 주었다. 높은 수율로 고순도의 R-GO 제품을 구하려면, 두 가지 중요한 요소가 따를 필요가있다. AuNPs 강하게 다른 구조 (즉, AuNRs, AuNSs) 중, 가시광을 흡수 할 수 있기 때문에 하나는 효율적인 플라즈몬 AuNPs 촉매로서 사용하는 것이다. 다른...

<html> 처음 개발 된 스카치 테이프 기반 방법 (1) 및 화학 기상 증착 (2)는 그래 핀의 원시 상태를 생성하는 우수한 방법 이었지만 넓은 영역 표면에 대규모 그라 합성 또는 그래 핀 층의 형성의 주요 제한으로 간주되어왔다 이전의 방법. 습식 화학 합성 첫 번째 시트를 GO 생산하는 등 초음파 강한 산화제, 광범위한 물리 치료 반응을 요구 방법 및 산소 기능 등을 최종적으로 감소 될 것입니다 대규모 R-GO 합성 가능한 솔루션의 3 하나 같은 GO 하이드 록시, 에폭시 및 카르보닐기 원래 물성을 복구하기 위해 필수적이다. 구름 4 GO의 감소 (히드라진 또는 그 유도체 (5) 또는 열처리 법에 의해를 이용한 화학적 방법 중 하나와 550-1,100 °를 행했다 불활성 또는 환원 분위기에서의 C). 6 jove_content &quot;&gt; 이러한 프로세스는 독성 화학 물질, R-GO 합성을위한 총 에너지 수요 증가 긴 반응 시간 및 높은 온도를 필요로한다. (7) 등의 UV 유도 8 광열 프로세스로 광 조사 환원 프로세스 펄스 크세논을 사용하면서 플래시, 9는 펄스 레이저 (10) 및 광열 11도의 제조에보고되어 카메라 플래시 조명 가열 보조 R - 이동. 일반적으로, 광 - 유도 방식의 낮은 변환 효율은 UV 또는 펄스의 사용 전파 높은 광자 에너지를 제공 할 수있는 레이저 조사. 가시 광선의 낮은 광자 에너지는 사용되지는 R-GO 합성에 많은 매력을 제한한다. 플라즈몬 나노 입자의 우수한 광 흡수 특성을 볼 수 및 / 또는 NIR 지역에서 크게 현재의 단점을 개선 할 수 있습니다 R-GO 합성 가시광의 사용. 12,13 온화한 반응 조건, 짧은 반응 시간 및 독성 CH의 제한된 사용emicals 유용한 다른 방법으로 GO의 광촉매 감소를 이용한 가시 광선 유도 플라즈몬을 만들 수 있습니다. 본 방법에서는, 나노 입자 및 플라즈몬 가시광을 사용하여 효율적이고 간단한 R-GO 합성 방법을 설명한다. 반응 진행은 구면 금 나노 입자 (AuNPs), 금 나노 막대 (AuNRs), 금 나노 별 (AuNSs)로 플라즈 모닉 나노 입자의 구조에 크게 의존하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. AuNPs의 사용은 GO의 가장 효율적인 감소를 보였고, 나노 입자는 반복 사용 (그림 1)에 대한 쉽게 제거 및 재활용 할 수 있습니다. R은 - 이동 가시광을 사용하여 합성 및 AuNPs는 비하여 거의 동등한 품질을 보였다 R-GO 다양한 분석 측정 및 형광 소광 / 회복 계 DNA 검출 방법의 사용에 의해 입증 된 바와 같이 공지 된 화학적 방법 (히드라진)에 의해 제조.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Cy3 modifeid ssDNA</td>
			<td>IDT(Iowa, USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>HPLC purified by IDT</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gold nanoparticles (30 nm)</td>
			<td>Ted Pella, Inc(Redding, CA, USA).</td>
			<td>15706-20</td>
			<td>colloidal solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethane sulfonic acid (HEPES) (99.5%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7365-45-9</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gold(III)Chloride Hydrate (99.999%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>&#160;27988-77-8</td>
			<td>strongly hygroscopic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Borohydride (99.99%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>16940-66-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (&#8805;99%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>57-09-0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Ascorbic Acid(&#8805;99.0%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>50-81-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Chloride (99.5%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7647-14-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silver Nitrate&#160; (&#8805;99.0%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7761-88-8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Graphite</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7782-42-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sulfuric acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7664-93-9</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phophoric acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7664-38-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium permanganate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7722-64-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrogen peroxide</td>
			<td>JUNSEI</td>
			<td>23150-0350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ammonium hydroxide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>1336-21-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xe-lamp</td>
			<td>&#160;Cermax, Waltham, USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NIR Laser</td>
			<td>Class-IV, Sanctity Laser, Shanghai, China&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>6W (output power)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>UV-Vis spectrophotometer&#160;</td>
			<td>S-3100, SINCO, South Korea</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Transmission Electron Microscopy</td>
			<td>H-7650, Hitachi, Japan</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spectro Fluorometer</td>
			<td>Jasco FP-6500, Tokyo, Japan</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer</td>
			<td>AXIS&#8211;NOVA, KRATOS Inc., UK</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

visible-light induced reduction of graphene oxide using plasmonic nanoparticle

본 연구는 나노 플라즈몬과 가시 광선 조사를 사용하여 RT에서 환원 그래 핀 옥사이드 (R-GO) 용액을 제조하는 간단한 화학적 자유 신속하며 에너지 효율적인 방법을 설명한다. GO 플라즈몬 나노 입자의 환원 효율을 높이기 위해 사용된다. 그것만 XE-램프 솔루션을 조명하여 RT에서 30 분 소요 R-GO 솔루션은 완전히 간단한 원심 분리 단계를 통해 금 나노 입자를 제거함으로써 얻을 수있다. 다른 나노 구조물에 비해 구형 금 나노 입자 (AuNPs)은 R-GO 제조에 가장 적합한 플라즈몬 나노 구조물이다. 감소 된 그래 핀 산화물은 가시광을 사용하여 제조 및 AuNPs 화학적 같은 UV-비스 분광법, 라만 분광법, 분말 XRD 및 XPS 분석과 같은 다양한 기술들에 의해 지원 된 그래 핀 산화물을 저감 질적으로 동등 하였다. 가시 광선 준비 감소 된 그래 핀 산화물은 불소에 우수한 담금질 특성을 보여줍니다escent 분자는 ssDNA를하고 표적 DNA 검출을위한 우수한 형광 복구에 수정했습니다. 재활용 AuNPs에 의해 제조 된-GO R은 화학적으로 감소 R-GO의 그것과 동일한 품질로 발견된다. 플라즈몬 나노 입자와 가시광의 사용은 R-GO 합성 양호한 대안 방법을 설명한다.

그림 1은 가시 광선 및 플라즈몬 나노 입자 기반의 R-GO 환원 반응에 대한 전반적인 계획을 보여줍니다. (2) 반응에 대한 도구 적 설정을 보여줍니다. 반응 한 결과,도 3a에 도시 된 바와 같이 사용 광촉매 (AuNSs, AuNRs 또는 AuNPs)를 제거하기 위해 원심 분리 단계가 요구된다. HRTEM 분석은 UV 가시 분석 연구에서 약 500 ~ 800 nm의도 3c, 흡수 밴드...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle at JoVE.com

Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle

가시광 플라즈몬 나노 입자를 사용하여 단축 된 그래 핀 옥사이드의 제조를위한 간단한 프로토콜을 설명한다.

플라즈몬 나노 입자를 사용하여 그래 핀 산화물의 가시 광선 유도 감소

Present work demonstrates the simple, chemical free, fast, and energy efficient method to produce reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) solution at RT using ...

visible-light-induced-reduction-graphene-oxide-using-plasmonic

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

14.4K 조회수.  Korea University.  가시광 플라즈몬 나노 입자를 사용하여 단축 된 그래 핀 옥사이드의 제조를위한 간단한 프로토콜을 설명한다. 

비디오: Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters

In this video article we present a detailed demonstration of a highly efficient method for generating terahertz waves. Our technique is based on photoconduction, which has been one of the most commonly used techniques for terahertz generation 1-8. Terahertz generation in a photoconductive emitter is achieved by pumping an ultrafast photoconductor with a pulsed or heterodyned laser illumination. The induced photocurrent, which follows the envelope of the pump laser, is routed to a terahertz radiating antenna connected to the photoconductor contact electrodes to generate terahertz radiation. Although the quantum efficiency of a photoconductive emitter can theoretically reach 100%, the relatively long transport path lengths of photo-generated carriers to the contact electrodes of conventional photoconductors have severely limited their quantum efficiency. Additionally, the carrier screening effect and thermal breakdown strictly limit the maximum output power of conventional photoconductive terahertz sources. To address the quantum efficiency limitations of conventional photoconductive terahertz emitters, we have developed a new photoconductive emitter concept which incorporates a plasmonic contact electrode configuration to offer high quantum-efficiency and ultrafast operation simultaneously. By using nano-scale plasmonic contact electrodes, we significantly reduce the average photo-generated carrier transport path to photoconductor contact electrodes compared to conventional photoconductors 9. Our method also allows increasing photoconductor active area without a considerable increase in the capacitive loading to the antenna, boosting the maximum terahertz radiation power by preventing the carrier screening effect and thermal breakdown at high optical pump powers. By incorporating plasmonic contact electrodes, we demonstrate enhancing the optical-to-terahertz power conversion efficiency of a conventional photoconductive terahertz emitter by a factor of 50 10.

We describe methods for the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of plasmonic photoconductive emitters, which offer two orders of magnitude higher terahertz power levels compared to conventional photoconductive emitters.

Plasmonic의 광전 테라 헤르츠 터의 설계, 제작 및 실험 특성

In this video article we present a detailed demonstration of a highly efficient method for generating terahertz waves. Our technique is based on ...

연구

공학

Evaluating Plasmonic Transport in Current-carrying Silver Nanowires

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information support1,2,3. In this context, metal nanowires are especially desirable for realizing dense routing networks4. A prerequisite to operate such shared nanowire-based platform relies on our ability to electrically contact individual metal nanowires and efficiently excite surface plasmon polaritons5 in this information support. In this article, we describe a protocol to bring electrical terminals to chemically-synthesized silver nanowires6 randomly distributed on a glass substrate7. The positions of the nanowire ends with respect to predefined landmarks are precisely located using standard optical transmission microscopy before encapsulation in an electron-sensitive resist. Trenches representing the electrode layout are subsequently designed by electron-beam lithography. Metal electrodes are then fabricated by thermally evaporating a Cr/Au layer followed by a chemical lift-off. The contacted silver nanowires are finally transferred to a leakage radiation microscope for surface plasmon excitation and characterization8,9. Surface plasmons are launched in the nanowires by focusing a near infrared laser beam on a diffraction-limited spot overlapping one nanowire extremity5,9. For sufficiently large nanowires, the surface plasmon mode leaks into the glass substrate9,10. This leakage radiation is readily detected, imaged, and analyzed in the different conjugate planes in leakage radiation microscopy9,11. The electrical terminals do not affect the plasmon propagation. However, a current-induced morphological deterioration of the nanowire drastically degrades the flow of surface plasmons. The combination of surface plasmon leakage radiation microscopy with a simultaneous analysis of the nanowire electrical transport characteristics reveals the intrinsic limitations of such plasmonic circuitry.

Silver nanowires can simultaneously transport electrons and optical information in the form of surface plasmons. A procedure is described here to realize such a shared circuitry and the limitations at propagating both information carriers are evaluated.

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information ...

Development of a 3D Graphene Electrode Dielectrophoretic Device

The design and fabrication of a novel 3D electrode microdevice using 50 &#181;m thick graphene paper and 100 &#181;m double sided tape is described. The protocol details the procedures to construct a versatile, reusable, multiple layer, laminated dielectrophoresis chamber. Specifically, six layers of 50 &#181;m x&#160;0.7 cm x&#160;2 cm graphene paper and five layers of double sided tape were alternately stacked together, then clamped to a glass slide. Then a 700 &#956;m diameter micro-well was drilled through the laminated structure using a computer-controlled micro drilling machine. Insulating properties of the tape layer between adjacent graphene layers were assured by resistance tests. Silver conductive epoxy connected alternate layers of graphene paper and formed stable connections between the graphene paper and external copper wire electrodes. The finished device was then clamped and sealed to a glass slide. The electric field gradient was modeled within the multi-layer device. Dielectrophoretic behaviors of 6 &#956;m polystyrene beads were demonstrated in the 1 mm deep micro-well, with medium conductivities ranging from 0.0001 S/m to 1.3 S/m, and applied signal frequencies from 100 Hz to 10 MHz. Negative dielectrophoretic responses were observed in three dimensions over most of the conductivity-frequency space and cross-over frequency values are consistent with previously reported literature values. The device did not prevent AC electroosmosis and electrothermal flows, which occurred in the low and high frequency regions, respectively. The graphene paper utilized in this device is versatile and could subsequently function as a biosensor after dielectrophoretic characterizations are complete.

A microdevice with high throughput potential is used to demonstrate three-dimensional (3D) dielectrophoresis (DEP) with novel materials. Graphene nanoplatelet paper and double sided tape were alternately stacked; a 700 &#956;m micro-well was drilled transverse to the layers. DEP behavior of polystyrene beads was demonstrated in the micro-well.

3D 그래 핀 전극 유전 영동 장치의 개발

The design and fabrication of a novel 3D electrode microdevice using 50 &#181;m thick graphene paper and 100 &#181;m double sided tape is described. The ...

Writing and Low-Temperature Characterization of Oxide Nanostructures

Oxide nanoelectronics is a rapidly growing field which seeks to develop novel materials with multifunctional behavior at nanoscale dimensions. Oxide interfaces exhibit a wide range of properties that can be controlled include conduction, piezoelectric behavior, ferromagnetism, superconductivity and nonlinear optical properties. Recently, methods for controlling these properties at extreme nanoscale dimensions have been discovered and developed. Here are described explicit step-by-step procedures for creating LaAlO3/SrTiO3 nanostructures using a reversible conductive atomic force microscopy technique. The processing steps for creating electrical contacts to the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface are first described. Conductive nanostructures are created by applying voltages to a conductive atomic force microscope tip and locally switching the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface to a conductive state. A versatile nanolithography toolkit has been developed expressly for the purpose of controlling the atomic force microscope (AFM) tip path and voltage. Then, these nanostructures are placed in a cryostat and transport measurements are performed. The procedures described here should be useful to others wishing to conduct research in oxide nanoelectronics.

Oxide nanostructures provide new opportunities for science and technology. The interfacial conductivity between LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 can be controlled with near-atomic precision using a conductive atomic force microscopy technique. The protocol for creating and measuring conductive nanostructures at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces is demonstrated.

작성 및 산화물 나노 구조의 저온 특성

Oxide nanoelectronics is a rapidly growing field which seeks to develop novel materials with multifunctional behavior at nanoscale dimensions.  Oxide ...

Synthesis and Functionalization of 3D Nano-graphene Materials: Graphene Aerogels and Graphene Macro Assemblies

Efforts to assemble graphene into three-dimensional monolithic structures have been hampered by the high cost and poor processability of graphene. Additionally, most reported graphene assemblies are held together through physical interactions (e.g., van der Waals forces) rather than chemical bonds, which limit their mechanical strength and conductivity. This video method details recently developed strategies to fabricate mass-producible, graphene-based bulk materials derived from either polymer foams or single layer graphene oxide. These materials consist primarily of individual graphene sheets connected through covalently bound carbon linkers. They maintain the favorable properties of graphene such as high surface area and high electrical and thermal conductivity, combined with tunable pore morphology and exceptional mechanical strength and elasticity. This flexible synthetic method can be extended to the fabrication of polymer/carbon nanotube (CNT) and polymer/graphene oxide (GO) composite materials. Furthermore, additional post-synthetic functionalization with anthraquinone is described, which enables a dramatic increase in charge storage performance in supercapacitor applications.

This video method describes the synthesis of high surface area, monolithic 3D graphene-based materials derived from polymer precursors as well as single layer graphene oxide.

합성 및 3D 나노 그래 핀 소재의 기능화 : 그래 핀 에어로젤과 그래 핀 매크로 어셈블리

Efforts to assemble graphene into three-dimensional monolithic structures have been hampered by the high cost and poor processability of graphene. ...

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Plasmonics, which are based on the collective oscillation of electrons due to light excitation, involve strongly enhanced local electric fields and thus have potential applications in nonlinear optics, which requires extraordinary optical intensity. One of the most studied nonlinearities in plasmonics is nonlinear absorption, including saturation and reverse saturation behaviors. Although scattering and absorption in nanoparticles are closely correlated by the Mie theory, there has been no report of nonlinearities in plasmonic scattering until very recently. 
Last year, not only saturation, but also reverse saturation of scattering in an isolated plasmonic particle was demonstrated for the first time. The results showed that saturable scattering exhibits clear wavelength dependence, which seems to be directly linked to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Combined with the intensity-dependent measurements, the results suggest the possibility of a common mechanism underlying the nonlinear behaviors of scattering and absorption. These nonlinearities of scattering from a single gold nanosphere (GNS) are widely applicable, including in super-resolution microscopy and optical switches. 
In this paper, it is described in detail how to measure nonlinearity of scattering in a single GNP and how to employ the super-resolution technique to enhance the optical imaging resolution based on saturable scattering. This discovery features the first super-resolution microscopy based on nonlinear scattering, which is a novel non-bleaching contrast method that can achieve a resolution as low as l/8 and will potentially be useful in biomedicine and material studies.

Saturable and reverse saturable scattering were discovered in isolated plasmonic particles and adopted as a novel non-bleaching contrast method in super-resolution microscopy. Here the experimental procedures of detecting and extracting nonlinear scattering are explained in detail, as well as how to enhance resolution with the aid of saturated excitation microscopy.

단일 플라즈몬 나노 입자에서 비선형 산란 측정

Plasmonics, which are based on the collective oscillation of electrons due to light excitation, involve strongly enhanced local electric fields and thus ...

Iridium Oxide-reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid Thin Film Modified Screen-printed Electrodes as Disposable Electrochemical Paper Microfluidic pH Sensors

A facile, controllable, inexpensive and green electrochemical synthesis of IrO2-graphene nanohybrid thin films is developed to fabricate an easy-to-use integrated paper microfluidic electrochemical pH sensor for resource-limited settings. Taking advantages from both pH meters and strips, the pH sensing platform is composed of hydrophobic barrier-patterned paper micropad (&#181;PAD) using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified with IrO2-graphene films and molded acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic holder. Repetitive cathodic potential cycling was employed for graphene oxide (GO) reduction which can completely remove electrochemically unstable oxygenated groups and generate a 2D defect-free homogeneous graphene thin film with excellent stability and electronic properties. A uniform and smooth IrO2 film in nanoscale grain size is anodically electrodeposited onto the graphene film, without any observable cracks. The resulting IrO2-RGO electrode showed slightly super-Nernstian responses from pH 2-12 in Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffers with good linearity, small hysteresis, low response time and reproducibility in different buffers, as well as low sensitivities to different interfering ionic species and dissolved oxygen. A simple portable digital pH meter is fabricated, whose signal is measured with a multimeter, using high input-impedance operational amplifier and consumer batteries. The pH values measured with the portable electrochemical paper-microfluidic pH sensors were consistent with those measured using a commercial laboratory pH meter with a glass electrode.

The study demonstrates the growth of iridium oxide-reduced graphene oxide (IrO2-RGO) nanohybrid thin films on irregular and rough screen-printed carbon substrate through a green electrochemical synthesis, and their implementation as a pH sensor with a patterned paper-fluidic platform.

일회용 전기 종이 마이크로 유체의 pH 센서와 같은 이리듐 산화물 환원 그래 핀 산화물 나노 하이브리드 박막 수정 스크린 인쇄 전극

A facile, controllable, inexpensive and green electrochemical synthesis of IrO2-graphene nanohybrid thin films is developed to fabricate an easy-to-use ...

Preparation of ZnO Nanorod/Graphene/ZnO Nanorod Epitaxial Double Heterostructure for Piezoelectrical Nanogenerator by Using Preheating Hydrothermal

Well-aligned ZnO nanostructures have been intensively studied over the last decade for remarkable physical properties and enormous applications. Here, we describe a one-step fabrication technique to synthesis freestanding ZnO nanorod/graphene/ZnO nanorod double heterostructure. The preparation of the double heterostructure is performed by using thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and preheating hydrothermal technique. In addition, the morphological properties were characterized by using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The utility of freestanding double heterostructure is demonstrated by fabricating the piezoelectric nanogenerator. The electrical output is improved up to 200% compared to that of a single heterostructure owing to the coupling effect of the piezoelectricity between the arrays of ZnO nanorods on the top and bottom of graphene. This unique double heterostructure have a tremendous potential for applications of electrical and optoelectrical devices where the high number density and specific surface area of nanorod are needed, such as pressure sensor, immuno-biosensor and dye-sensitized solar cells.

One-step fabrication method for obtaining freestanding epitaxial double heterostructure is presented. This approach could achieve ZnO coverage with a higher number density than that of the epitaxial single heterostructure, leading to a piezoelectric nanogenerator with an increased output electrical performance.

예열 열수를 사용하여 Piezoelectrical 나노 발전기에 대한의 ZnO 나노 막대 / 그래 핀 / ZnO의 나노로드 에피 택셜 더블 헤테로 구조의 제조

Well-aligned ZnO nanostructures have been intensively studied over the last decade for remarkable physical properties and enormous applications. Here, we ...

Advanced Compositional Analysis of Nanoparticle-polymer Composites Using Direct Fluorescence Imaging

The fabrication of polymer-nanoparticle composites is extremely important in the development of many functional materials. Identifying the precise composition of these materials is essential, especially in the design of surface catalysts, where the surface concentration of the active component determines the activity of the material. Antimicrobial materials which utilize nanoparticles are a particular focus of this technology. Recently swell encapsulation has emerged as a technique for inserting antimicrobial nanoparticles into a host polymer matrix. Swell encapsulation provides the advantage of localizing the incorporation to the external surfaces of materials, which act as the active sites of these materials. However, quantification of this nanoparticle uptake is challenging. Previous studies explore the link between antimicrobial activity and surface concentration of the active component, but this is not directly visualized. Here we show a reliable method to monitor the incorporation of nanoparticles into a polymer host matrix via swell encapsulation. We show that the surface concentration of CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles can be accurately visualized through cross-sectional fluorescence imaging. Using this method, we can quantify the uptake of nanoparticles via swell encapsulation and measure the surface concentration of encapsulated particles, which is key in optimizing the activity of functional materials.

Here we present a reliable method to monitor the incorporation of nanoparticles into a polymer host matrix via swell encapsulation. We show that the surface concentration of cadmium selenide quantum dots can be accurately visualized through cross-sectional fluorescence imaging.

직접 형광 이미징을 사용하여 나노 입자 - 고분자 복합 재료의 고급 성분 분석

The fabrication of polymer-nanoparticle composites is extremely important in the development of many functional materials. Identifying the precise ...

Testing of Nanoparticle Release from a Composite Containing Nanomaterial Using a Chamber System

With the rapid development of nanotechnology as one of the most important technologies in the 21st century, interest in the safety of consumer products containing nanomaterials is also increasing. Evaluating the nanomaterial release from products containing nanomaterials is a crucial step in assessing the safety of these products, and has resulted in several international efforts to develop consistent and reliable technologies for standardizing the evaluation of nanomaterial release. In this study, the release of nanomaterials from products containing nanomaterials is evaluated using a chamber system that includes a condensation particle counter, optical particle counter, and sampling ports to collect filter samples for electron microscopy analysis. The proposed chamber system is tested using an abrasor and disc-type nanocomposite material specimens to determine whether the nanomaterial release is repeatable and consistent within an acceptable range. The test results indicate that the total number of particles in each test is within 20% from the average after several trials. The release trends are similar and they show very good repeatability. Therefore, the proposed chamber system can be effectively used for nanomaterial release testing of products containing nanomaterials.

Nanoparticle release is tested using a chamber system that includes a condensation particle counter, an optical particle counter and sampling ports to collect filter samples for microscopy analysis. The proposed chamber system can be effectively used for nanomaterial release testing with a repeatable and consistent data range.

재판부 시스템을 사용하여 나노 재료를 포함하는 복합에서 나노 입자 릴리스의 테스트

With the rapid development of nanotechnology as one of the most important technologies in the 21st century, interest in the safety of consumer products ...