M.M. and C.A.R. acknowledge the financial support of the Ministero della Salute, Ricerca Finalizzata/giovani ricercatori anno 2009 of the Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale San Matteo, Pavia (I). M.M and C.A.R. wish to thank Marianna Longo for helping with the images preparation.

이 프로토콜은 유럽의 원칙 (EU 2천10분의 63)과 과학 연구에 사용되는 동물을 보호하는 이탈리아어 (2천14분의 26) 법에 따라 수행된다. 경추 탈구 안락사는 난소 분리를 위해 사용되며, 이는 본 연구를 덮는 승인 프로토콜에 나열된 개인 전문가에 의해 수행되고 훈련된다. 1. 동물 <ol><li> 제어 온도와 습도 방에 6 주령의 암컷 마우스에 성인 3을 유지한다 (12L의 단계와 : 12D와 공급 임의로). </li><li> 난포 자극 호르몬 (FSH)의 효과를 모방하여 모낭의 성장을 자극하는 임신 한 암말의 혈청 성선 자극 호르몬의 2.5 IU (PMSG) 마우스에 복강 주사. 이후 전 정부 난자 수집 48 시간의 난소를 분리합니다. 하여 기관 가이드 라인에 따라, 이전에 PMSG 주입 암컷 마우스를 안락사. </li><li> 신속 체강에서 난소를 제거하고 배양 접시의 계속에 그들을 배치후속 난자 격리를위한 M2 매체 aining (섹션 3 참조). <ol><li> 해부 멸균 가위를 사용하여 복막에 절개 하였다 복벽을 덮는 피부에 절개를. 방광에서 시작하여 V 자 모양을 형성, 복부를 노출 절개를 열고 멸균 핀셋을 사용하여 한쪽에 용기를 이동하고 자궁 튜브를 지역화. </li><li> 신장 아래에있는 난소를 관찰한다. 멸균 트위터와 각 튜브를 잡고 그들을 해제 난소의 하단에 작은 절개를합니다. 미리 평형화 매체를 함유하는 페트리 접시의 하단 양쪽 난소를 전송. </li></ol></li></ol> 2. 호르몬 준비 <ol><li> 적절한 주입 부피 0.1 mL의 2.5 IU 호르몬의 작용 농도를 얻기 위해 멸균 등​​장 성 식염수로 (다른 스톡 농도에서 사용 가능) PMSG 희석. 참고 : 호르몬 솔루션은 0.5 ml의 튜브에 분주하고 저장해야합니다 -2사용 일까지 0 ° C. -20 ° C 3 개월 이상 희석 분취 량을 보관하지 마십시오. 해동 후에 직렬 주사를 수행하는 경우, +4 ℃에서 호르몬 용액의 분취 량을 저장 4 일 이내에이를 사용. </li></ol> 3. 전 정부 난 모세포 분리 적절한 난 모세포 분리의 경우 : <ol><li> 난자 분리 절차를 시작하기 전에 최소한 1 시간 동안 5 % CO 2, 37 ℃에서 13 M2 매체 (M2)를 평형. 두 개의 배양 접시 (35mm X 10mm), 난소 천공과에서 분리 한 후 난자 전송을 위해 미네랄 오일 (~ 1.5 ml)로 덮여 M2의 작은 방울과 두 번째 (20 μL)에 대한 (M2) 1 ml의 하나를 준비합니다 난소 (3.4-3.6 참조). 준비가 사용되는 때까지 5 % CO 2, 37 ° C에서 인큐베이터에서 모두 배양 접시를 유지합니다. </li><li> 난 모세포의 분리 과정에서 실체 현미경을 사용합니다. </li><li> 스트레치에 의한 난자를​​ 수집하는 얇은 입 유리 피펫을 준비힝 유리 파스퇴르 피펫은 분젠 버너에서 오는 수직 화염 (그림 1)을 통해, (두 손으로 피펫의 끝을 잡고) 수평으로 유지했다. <ol><li> 유리가 녹기 시작하면, 불꽃에서 피펫을 원하는 피펫을 얻기 위해 빠른 당기는 운동을 수행합니다. 단단히 길이와 내부 모세관의 직경을 조정 손톱으로 피펫의 좁은 점에 가까운 초과 유리를 잘라. 얇은 모세관은 난자의 직경보다 약간 큰 ~ 100 ㎛의 내부 직경을 가지고 있는지 확인합니다 (~ 80 μm의). </li><li> 입 피펫, 적절한 팁을 이용하여 뽑아 피펫에 흡인기 관의 한쪽 끝을 연결하고 이빨을 확보 입 타단 장소. </li></ol></li><li> 무균 핀셋을 사용하여, 난소를 수집하고 세포 배양 용 배양 접시 (35mm X 10mm)의 바닥에이를 증착. M2 1ml의 이전에 37 ℃에서 평형화 그들을 덮5 % CO 2 (그림 2). </li><li> 부드럽게 M2 (그림 3)에서 전 정부 난자를 해제 멸균 인슐린 주사기 바늘로 난소의 난포에 구멍. </li><li> 부드럽게 입 여포 세포 및 다른 가능한 조직 파편 (도 4a)를 제거하고 이전 (배아 배양에 적합한 광유 덮여 M2의 작은 방울 (20 μL)의 하단에이를 정착 좁은 파스퇴르 피펫을 통해 난자를 피펫 준비도 4B). 주 : (M2)의 여러 다른 방울을 통해 지속적으로 피펫 팅에 의한 난자의 투명대에 연결된 모든 난구 세포를 제거하는 것이 중요하다. 매질의 pH의 변화를 피하기 위해 가능한 한 빨리이 단계를 수행한다. </li></ol> Hoechst33342 4. 전 정부 난 모세포 염색 참고 : 전 정부 난자는 SN (둘러싸인 핵소체), N​​SN (핵소체를 둘러싸인되지 않음) 또는 구별 할 수있다다른 중간 형태로, Hoechst33342의 supravital 농도 (또는 염기에 대한 구체적인 다른 마커 AT) (14) 염색 후 자신의 염색질 조직을 기반으로. NSN은 따라서,하지의 이름을하면서 사실, SN 난자는 핵소체 주위 헥스 양성 반지를 보여줍니다. 적절한 난자 염색의 경우 : <ol><li> 어둠 속에서 10 분 동안 50 NG / μL의 supravital 농도 Hoechst33342 (20 μL) (M2)에 희석 방울로 입 피펫을 사용하여 난자를 전송합니다. </li><li> Hoechst33342 함께 배양 후, 조직 염색질 (SN 또는 NSN)에 기초한 정렬, 광유 덮여 M2의 작은 방울 (5 μL)의 바닥에 입을 피펫으로 각 단일 난자 옮긴다. 난자의 염색질 구성을 시각화 Hoechst33342 필터 (발광 파장 486 ㎚)을 갖추고있는 형광 현미경을 사용합니다. 주 : 사용 된 형광 현미경의 종류에 따라, 난T는 이미지 수집을 위해 유리 바닥 배양 접시를 사용하는 것이 필수적 될 수 있습니다. 35mm 요리에 대한 시편 홀더를 장착 공 초점 현미경 올림푸스 Fluoview Fv10i는 0.17 mm의 표준 두께 허용 0.13 0.21 mm 정도의 범위와 이미지 수집에만 유리 바닥 요리가 필요합니다. </li><li> 아마도, 더 이상보다 5-10 초 동안 존재 핵소체 주위의 링 부재 (도 5)를 가시화하기에 충분한 시간을 난 모세포를 자극. </li><li> 체외 성숙을 유도 또는 분자 나 세포 분석을위한 적절한 버퍼에 보관 5 % CO 2, 37 ℃에서 (M2)에서, 문화 전 정부의 SN과 NSN 난자를 정렬 한 후. </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose

이 프로토콜은 분리 및 마우스 전 정부 GV 난자를 분류하기 위해 사용 된 방법을 설명한다. 몇 가지 예외를 제외하고, 밑줄 특별히 중요한 단계가 없습니다. ) 난자의 활력을 유지하고 b)에 사용되는 배지에서 pH 변화를 방지 : 첫째 :이 절차는 가능한 한 빨리 수행되어야한다. 둘째 : 난자는 IVM과 체외 수정은 다음 단계는 특히, 염색질 손상 및 난자의 후속 죽음을 피하기 위해 Hoechst33342에 (5 ~ 10 초) ?...

난소 전 정부 구획실로부터 분리 전 정부 완전히 자란 난자 (GV, 새싹 소포)는 일상적 같은 다른 목적을 위해 사용되는 예를 들면, 중기 II 단계까지 시험 관내 성숙 뒤에 분자 세포 메카니즘의 연구. 그들의 아름다운 외관에도 불구하고 대부분의 전 정부 난자, 전부는 아니지만, 감수 분열을 완료하고 포배기에 도달 할 수있다; 시비 3-5 발생할 경우 실제로 인간 1,2- 포함한 많은 포유류 종에서, 이들 중 약 30 %, 2 단계에서 셀들이 개발 체포. 현재까지, 몇몇 파라미터는 그렇게 할 수없는 것과 배아 발달을 유지할 수 난자를 구별하기 위해 사용된다. 예를 들어, 크레 실 블루 염색 (BCB)은 BCB + 또는 BCB- 염색 관련이 정렬 방법의 유용성이 있지만 글루코오스 -6- 포스페이트 탈수소 효소의 활성에 기초하여 난자를 정렬하는 방법으로서 유효한여전히 6-8 의존 실험실. 또 다른 잘 확립 된 방법은 염색질 조직에있는 (Hoechst33342 같은) 어떤 DNA의 인터 염료로 염색하는 경우, 전 정부 난자의 70 %가 핵소체 주위에 염료 긍정적 인 반지를 보여 핵소체 (SN)를 둘러싸인라고 30 %를 유지하면서 더 발견 긍정적 인 신호를 보여주고 (NSN) 3-5하지 둘러싸인 핵소체라고합니다. 최근에 우리는 보여 주었다 세포질 그릴 (9) (CPLS, 포유류의 난자와 배아 모두 모계 유래의 mRNA와 리보솜에 중요한 저장 사이트)의 부재 (10)의 존재와 함께 (CPLS 형성 (11)에 대한 필수) 이잖아요의 하향 조절, 그들의 세포질 9,12- 지질 방울, 2 세포 단계 이상으로 진행 NSN 난자의 무능력과 관련된 다른 원인이 될 수 있습니다. 불행하게도, 몇몇 기술은 전 정부 SN과 NSN의 난자와 정렬을 적용 할 수 있습니다,이러한 이유로, (핵 염색, 정착 절차 또는 입 피펫으로 조작없이) 덜 침습적 방법의 개발이 모두 인간과 동물의 배아 발달의 속도를 높이기 위해 매우 중요해질 수있다. 본 논문에서는 세부 간단하고 빠른 프로토콜은 광고 정렬 SN과 여성의 생쥐에서 NSN 전 정부 난자를 격리하는 데 사용됩니다 그것은 여성 배우자, 난자의 성숙과 배아 개발의 연구에 관심이있는 모든 과학자들에게 해결됩니다.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>PMSG</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>G4527</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EmbrioMax M2</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>MR-015-PD</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hoechst33342</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>62249</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mineral Oil</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M8410</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell Culture Dish 35mmx10mm</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>430165</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#181;-Dish 35mm, high glass bottom</td>
			<td>Ibidi</td>
			<td>81158</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pipette Pasteur Borosilicate</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>7095D-9</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aspirator tube assemblies for calibrated micropillary pipettes</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A5177</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation and characterization of mouse antral oocytes based on nucleolar chromatin organization

This protocol describes a simple and quick method to isolate and characterize mouse antral GV (Germinal Vesicle) oocytes as able (SN, Surrounded Nucleolus) or unable (NSN, Not Surrounded Nucleolus) to develop to the blastocyst stage after in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilization (IVF). It makes use of Hoeschst33342 (or any other DNA intercalating dye) able to bind to the heterochromatin of the nucleolus showing a ring in the SN oocytes or not, like in the NSN oocytes. This represents the easiest and quickest way to sort both antral oocytes that can be eventually used for IVM or IVF procedures. 
Briefly, the protocol consists of the following steps: hormone injection to stimulate follicular growth; isolation of the oocytes at the GV stage from the antral compartment by puncturing the ovary with a sterile needle; preparation of thin glass pipettes for mouth pipetting of the oocytes; sorting of the oocytes with Hoechst33342 prepared at a supravital concentration; IVM, IVF or any other molecular/cellular analysis.
Unfortunately there are still few evidences to sort SN and NSN oocytes using less invasive techniques. If and once they will be identified, they could be potentially applied to human assisted reproductive technologies, although with several aspects that should be modified. To date, this technique has potential implications to dramatically increase IVM and IVF successful procedures in both endangered and species with economic interest.

다음 이미지 Hoechst33342 의해 난자 &#39;정렬에 피펫 준비부터 마우스 난소 전 정부로부터 난자를 분리하기 위해 사용 된 방법을 보여준다. 이 방법은 매우 간단하고, CO2 인큐베이터, 실체 현미경과 Hoechst33342의 관측을위한 올바른 필터를 갖춘 형광 현미경에 장착 된 임의의 실험실에서 수행 될 수있다 (1) 수치는 피펫 제조의 초기 단계를 보여준다. 유리 ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Characterization of Mouse Antral Oocytes Based on Nucleolar Chromatin Organization at JoVE.com

Isolation and Characterization of Mouse Antral Oocytes Based on Nucleolar Chromatin Organization

여기에서 우리는 핵소체 조직을 기반으로 마우스의 전 정부 난자의 특성에 대한 프로토콜을 제시한다.

핵소체 염색질 조직을 바탕으로 마우스 전 정부 난 모세포의 분리 및 특성

This protocol describes a simple and quick method to isolate and characterize mouse antral GV (Germinal Vesicle) oocytes as able (SN, Surrounded ...

isolation-characterization-mouse-antral-oocytes-based-on-nucleolar

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

13.2K 조회수.  Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo.  여기에서 우리는 핵소체 조직을 기반으로 마우스의 전 정부 난자의 특성에 대한 프로토콜을 제시한다. 

비디오: Isolation and Characterization of Mouse Antral Oocytes Based on Nucleolar Chromatin Organization

Isolation and Quantitative Immunocytochemical Characterization of Primary Myogenic Cells and Fibroblasts from Human Skeletal Muscle

The repair and regeneration of skeletal muscle requires the action of satellite cells, which are the resident muscle stem cells. These can be isolated from human muscle biopsy samples using enzymatic digestion and their myogenic properties studied in culture. Quantitatively, the two main adherent cell types obtained from enzymatic digestion are: (i) the satellite cells (termed myogenic cells or muscle precursor cells), identified initially as CD56+ and later as CD56+/desmin+ cells and (ii) muscle-derived fibroblasts, identified as CD56&#8211; and TE-7+. Fibroblasts proliferate very efficiently in culture and in mixed cell populations these cells may overrun myogenic cells to dominate the culture. The isolation and purification of different cell types from human muscle is thus an important methodological consideration when trying to investigate the innate behavior of either cell type in culture. Here we describe a system of sorting based on the gentle enzymatic digestion of cells using collagenase and dispase followed by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) which gives both a high purity (&#62;95% myogenic cells) and good yield (~2.8 x 106 &#177; 8.87 x 105 cells/g tissue after 7 days in vitro) for experiments in culture. This approach is based on incubating the mixed muscle-derived cell population with magnetic microbeads beads conjugated to an antibody against CD56 and then passing cells though a magnetic field. CD56+ cells bound to microbeads are retained by the field whereas CD56&#8211; cells pass unimpeded through the column. Cell suspensions from any stage of the sorting process can be plated and cultured. Following a given intervention, cell morphology, and the expression and localization of proteins including nuclear transcription factors can be quantified using immunofluorescent labeling with specific antibodies and an image processing and analysis package.

The main adherent cell types derived from human muscle are myogenic cells and fibroblasts. Here, cell populations are enriched using magnetic-activated cell sorting based on the CD56 antigen. Subsequent immunolabelling with specific antibodies and use of image analysis techniques allows quantification of cytoplasmic and nuclear characteristics in individual cells.

인간의 골격근에서 기본 근육 조직 세포와 섬유 아 세포의 분리 및 정량 면역 세포 화학 특성

The repair and regeneration of skeletal muscle requires the action of satellite cells, which are the resident muscle stem cells. These can be isolated ...

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발생학

Isolation and Characterization of Satellite Cells from Rat Head Branchiomeric Muscles

Fibrosis and defective muscle regeneration can hamper the functional recovery of the soft palate muscles after cleft palate repair. This causes persistent problems in speech, swallowing, and sucking. In vitro culture systems that allow the study of satellite cells (myogenic stem cells) from head muscles are crucial to develop new therapies based on tissue engineering to promote muscle regeneration after surgery. These systems will offer new perspectives for the treatment of cleft palate patients. A protocol for the isolation, culture and differentiation of satellite cells from head muscles is presented. The isolation is based on enzymatic digestion and trituration to release the satellite cells. In addition, this protocol comprises an innovative method using extracellular matrix gel coatings of millimeter size, which requires only low numbers of satellite cells for differentiation assays.

This protocol describes the isolation of satellite cells from branchiomeric head muscles of a 9 week-old rat. The muscles originate from different branchial arches. Subsequently, the satellite cells are cultured on a spot coating of millimeter size to study their differentiation. This approach avoids the expansion and passaging of satellite cells.

쥐 머리 Branchiomeric 근육에서 분리 및 위성 세포의 특성

Fibrosis and defective muscle regeneration can hamper the functional recovery of the soft palate muscles after cleft palate repair. This causes persistent ...

Isolation and Characterization of Single Cells from Zebrafish Embryos

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a powerful model organism to study vertebrate development. Though many aspects of zebrafish embryonic development have been described at the morphological level, little is known about the molecular basis of cellular changes that occur as the organism develops. With recent advancements in microfluidics and multiplexing technologies, it is now possible to characterize gene expression in single cells. This allows for investigation of heterogeneity between individual cells of specific cell populations to identify and classify cell subtypes, characterize intermediate states that occur during cell differentiation, and explore differential cellular responses to stimuli. This study describes a protocol to isolate viable, single cells from zebrafish embryos for high throughput multiplexing assays. This method may be rapidly applied to any zebrafish embryonic cell type with fluorescent markers. An extension of this method may also be used in combination with high throughput sequencing technologies to fully characterize the transcriptome of single cells. As proof of principle, the relative abundance of cardiac differentiation markers was assessed in isolated, single cells derived from nkx2.5 positive cardiac progenitors. By evaluation of gene expression at the single cell level and at a single time point, the data support a model in which cardiac progenitors coexist with differentiating progeny. The method and work flow described here is broadly applicable to the zebrafish research community, requiring only a labeled transgenic fish line and access to microfluidics technologies.

This protocol describes a method for isolating single cells from zebrafish embryos, enriching for cells of interest, capturing zebrafish cells in microfluidic based single cell multiplex systems, and assessing gene expression from single cells.

분리 및 Zebrafish의 배아에서 단일 세포의 특성

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a powerful model organism to study vertebrate development. Though many aspects of zebrafish embryonic development have been ...

Isolation and Characterization of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Human Umbilical Cord and Fetal Placenta

The human umbilical cord (UC) and placenta are non-invasive, primitive and abundant sources of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) that have increasingly gained attention because they do not pose any ethical or moral concerns. Current methods to isolate MSCs from UC yield low amounts of cells with variable proliferation potentials. Since UC is an anatomically-complex organ, differences in MSC properties may be due to the differences in the anatomical regions of their isolation. In this study, we first dissected the cord/placenta samples into three discrete anatomical regions: UC, cord-placenta junction (CPJ), and fetal placenta (FP). Second, two distinct zones, cord lining (CL) and Wharton&#39;s jelly (WJ), were separated. The explant culture technique was then used to isolate cells from the four sources. The time required for the primary culture of cells from the explants varied depending on the source of the tissue. Outgrowth of the cells occurred within 3 - 4 days of the CPJ explants, whereas growth was observed after 7 - 10 days and 11 - 14 days from CL/WJ and FP explants, respectively. The isolated cells were adherent to plastic and displayed fibroblastoid morphology and surface markers, such as CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105, similarly to bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs. However, the colony-forming efficiency of the cells varied, with CPJ-MSCs and WJ-MSCs showing higher efficiency than BM-MSCs. MSCs from all four sources differentiated into adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineages, indicating that they were multipotent. CPJ-MSCs differentiated more efficiently in comparison to other MSC sources. These results suggest that the CPJ is the most potent anatomical region and yields a higher number of cells, with greater proliferation and self-renewal capacities in vitro. In conclusion, the comparative analysis of the MSCs from the four sources indicated that CPJ is a more promising source of MSCs for cell therapy, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering.

Here, we present a protocol for the dissection of human umbilical cord (UC) and fetal placenta sample into cord lining (CL), Wharton&#39;s jelly (WJ), cord-placenta junction (CPJ), and fetal placenta (FP) for the isolation and characterization of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) using the explant culture technique.

인간 제대혈 및 태아 태반에서 중간 엽 기질 세포의 분리 및 특성

The human umbilical cord (UC) and placenta are non-invasive, primitive and abundant sources of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) that have increasingly ...

A Novel Use of Three-dimensional High-frequency Ultrasonography for Early Pregnancy Characterization in the Mouse

High-frequency ultrasonography (HFUS) is a common method to non-invasively monitor the real-time development of the human fetus in utero. The mouse is routinely used as an in vivo model to study embryo implantation and pregnancy progression. Unfortunately, such murine studies require pregnancy interruption to enable follow-up phenotypic analysis. To address this issue, we used three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of HFUS imaging data for early detection and characterization of murine embryo implantation sites and their individual developmental progression in utero. Combining HFUS imaging with 3-D reconstruction and modeling, we were able to accurately quantify embryo implantation site number as well as monitor developmental progression in pregnant C57BL6J/129S mice from 5.5 days post coitus (d.p.c.) through to 9.5 d.p.c. with the use of a transducer. Measurements included: number, location, and volume of implantation sites as well as inter-implantation site spacing; embryo viability was assessed by cardiac activity monitoring. In the immediate post-implantation period (5.5 to 8.5 d.p.c.), 3-D reconstruction of the gravid uterus in both mesh and solid overlay format enabled visual representation of the developing pregnancies within each uterine horn. As genetically engineered mice continue to be used to characterize female reproductive phenotypes derived from uterine dysfunction, this method offers a new approach to detect, quantify, and characterize early implantation events in vivo. This novel use of 3-D HFUS imaging demonstrates the ability to successfully detect, visualize, and characterize embryo-implantation sites during early murine pregnancy in a non-invasive manner. The technology offers a significant improvement over current methods, which rely on the interruption of pregnancies for gross tissue and histopathologic characterization. Here we use a video and text format to describe how to successfully perform ultrasounds of early murine pregnancy to generate reliable and reproducible data with reconstruction of the uterine form in mesh and solid 3-D images.

Mice are widely used to study gestational biology. However, pregnancy termination is required for such studies which precludes longitudinal investigations and necessitates the use of large numbers of animals. Therefore, we describe a non-invasive technique of high-frequency ultrasonography for early detection and monitoring of post-implantation events in the pregnant mouse.

마우스에서 초기 임신 특성에 대 한 3 차원 높은-주파수 초음파의 새로운 사용

High-frequency ultrasonography (HFUS) is a common method to non-invasively monitor the real-time development of the human fetus in utero. The mouse is ...

A Neural Network-Based Identification of Developmentally Competent or Incompetent Mouse Fully-Grown Oocytes

Infertility clinics would benefit from the ability to select developmentally competent vs. incompetent oocytes using non-invasive procedures, thus improving the overall pregnancy outcome. We recently developed a classification method based on microscopic live observations of mouse oocytes during their in vitro maturation from the germinal vesicle (GV) to the metaphase II stage, followed by the analysis of the cytoplasmic movements occurring during this time-lapse period. Here, we present detailed protocols of this procedure. Oocytes are isolated from fully-grown antral follicles and cultured for 15 h inside a microscope equipped for time-lapse analysis at 37 &#176;C and 5% CO2. Pictures are taken at 8 min intervals. The images are analyzed using the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) method that calculates, for each oocyte, the profile of Cytoplasmic Movement Velocities (CMVs) occurring throughout the culture period. Finally, the CMVs of each single oocyte are fed through a mathematical classification tool (Feed-forward Artificial Neural Network, FANN), which predicts the probability of a gamete to be developmentally competent or incompetent with an accuracy of 91.03%. This protocol, set up for the mouse, could now be tested on oocytes of other species, including humans.

Here, we present a protocol for non-invasive assessment of oocyte developmental competence performed during their in vitro maturation from the germinal vesicle to the metaphase II stage. This method combines time-lapse imaging with particle image velocimetry (PIV) and neural network analyses.

발달 능력 또는 무능 한 마우스 가득 Oocytes의 신경 네트워크 기반 식별

Infertility clinics would benefit from the ability to select developmentally competent vs. incompetent oocytes using non-invasive procedures, thus ...

Isolation and Characterization of Human Umbilical Cord-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Preterm and Term Infants

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have considerable therapeutic potential and attract increasing interest in the biomedical field. MSCs are originally isolated and characterized from bone marrow (BM), then acquired from tissues including adipose tissue, synovium, skin, dental pulp, and fetal appendages such as placenta, umbilical cord blood (UCB), and umbilical cord (UC). MSCs are a heterogeneous cell population with the capacity for (1) adherence to plastic in standard culture conditions, (2) surface marker expression of CD73+/CD90+/CD105+/CD45-/CD34-/CD14-/CD19-/HLA-DR- phenotypes, and (3) trilineage differentiation into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes, as currently defined by the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT). Although BM is the most widely used source of MSCs, the invasive nature of BM aspiration ethically limits its accessibility. Proliferation and differentiation capacity of MSCs obtained from BM generally decline with the age of the donor. In contrast, fetal MSCs obtained from UC have advantages such as vigorous proliferation and differentiation capacity. There is no ethical concern for UC sampling, as it is typically regarded as medical waste. Human UC starts to develop with continuing growth of the amniotic cavity at 4-8 weeks of gestation and keeps growing until reaching 50-60 cm in length, and it can be isolated during the whole newborn delivery period. To gain insight into the pathophysiology of intractable diseases, we have used UC-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) from infants delivered at various gestational ages. In this protocol, we describe the isolation and characterization of UC-MSCs from fetuses/infants at 19-40 weeks of gestation.

Human umbilical cord (UC) can be obtained during the perinatal period as a result of preterm, term, and postterm delivery. In this protocol, we describe the isolation and characterization of UC-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) from fetuses/infants at 19-40 weeks of gestation.

절연 및 인간의 탯 유래 중간 엽 줄기 세포 Preterm와 기간 유아에서의 특성화

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have considerable therapeutic potential and attract increasing interest in the biomedical field. MSCs are originally ...

Differentiation and Characterization of Neural Progenitors and Neurons from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

We describe the step-by-step procedure for culturing and differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells into neuronal lineages, followed by a series of assays to characterize the differentiated cells. The E14 mouse embryonic stem cells were used to form embryoid bodies through the hanging drop method, and then induced to differentiate into neural progenitor cells by retinoic acid, and finally differentiated into neurons. Quantitative&#160;reverse transcription&#160;polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunofluorescence experiments revealed that the neural progenitors and neurons exhibit corresponding markers (nestin for neural progenitors and neurofilament for neurons) at day 8 and 12 post-differentiation, respectively. Flow cytometry experiments on an E14 line expressing a Sox1 promoter-driven GFP reporter showed that about 60% of cells at day 8 are GFP positive, indicating the successful differentiation of neural progenitor cells at this stage. Finally, RNA-seq analysis was used to profile the global transcriptomic changes. These methods are useful for analyzing the involvement of specific genes and pathways in regulating the cell identity transition during neuronal differentiation.

We describe the procedure for the in vitro differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into neuronal cells using the hanging drop method. Furthermore, we perform a comprehensive phenotypic analysis through RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, RNA-seq, and flow cytometry.

마우스 배아 줄기 세포에서 신경 전조및 뉴런의 분화 및 특성화

We describe the step-by-step procedure for culturing and differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells into neuronal lineages, followed by a series of assays ...

Minimum Volume Vitrification of Immature Feline Oocytes

In wild animals&#8217; conservation programs, gamete banking is crucial to safeguard genetic resources of valuable individuals and rare species and to promote biodiversity preservation. In felids, most species are threatened with extinction, and domestic breeds are used as a model to increase the efficiency of protocols for germplasm banking. Among oocyte cryopreservation techniques, vitrification is more and more popular in human and veterinary assisted reproduction. Cryotop vitrification, which was at first developed for human oocytes and embryos, has demonstrated to be well-suited for cat oocytes. This method offers several advantages, such as the feasibility in field conditions and the speed of the procedure, which can be helpful when several samples need to be processed. However, the efficiency is strongly dependent on the operator&#8217;s skills, and intra- and inter-laboratory standardization are needed, as well as personnel training. This protocol describes minimum volume vitrification of immature feline oocytes on a commercial support in a step by step field-friendly protocol, from oocyte collection to warming. Following the protocol, preservation of oocyte integrity and viability at warming (as high as 90%) can be expected, although there is still room for improvement in post-warming maturation and embryonic development outcomes.

This manuscript describes a protocol for the minimum volume vitrification of immature cat oocytes with laboratory-made media on commercial supports. It covers every step from oocyte isolation from ex vivo gonads to vitrification and warming.

미성숙한 고양이 오키트의 최소 볼륨 바이트화

In wild animals&#8217; conservation programs, gamete banking is crucial to safeguard genetic resources of valuable individuals and rare species and to ...

In Vitro Culture Strategy for Oocytes from Early Antral Follicle in Cattle

The limited reserve of mature, fertilizable oocytes represents a major barrier for the success of assisted reproduction in mammals. Considering that during the reproductive life span only about 1% of the oocytes in an ovary mature and ovulate, several techniques have been developed to increase the exploitation of the ovarian reserve to the growing population of non-ovulatory follicles. Such technologies have allowed interventions of fertility preservation, selection programs in livestock, and conservation of endangered species. However, the vast potential of the ovarian reserve is still largely unexploited. In cows, for instance, some attempts have been made to support in vitro culture of oocytes at specific developmental stages, but efficient and reliable protocols have not yet been developed. Here we describe a culture system that reproduce the physiological conditions of the corresponding follicular stage, defined to develop in vitro growing oocytes collected from bovine early antral follicles to the fully-grown stage, corresponding to the medium antral follicle in vivo. A combination of hormones and a phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor was used to prevent untimely meiotic resumption and to guide oocyte&#39;s differentiation.

We describe the procedures for isolation of growing oocytes from ovarian follicles at early stages of development, as well as the setup of an in vitro culture system which can support the growth and differentiation up to the fully-grown stage. &#160;

가축의 초기 개국 여포에서 온수에 대한 생체 외 문화 전략

The limited reserve of mature, fertilizable oocytes represents a major barrier for the success of assisted reproduction in mammals. Considering that ...