The authors thank Gilberto Morales for fish care and maintenance, and Drs. Claudia Rivera and Hector Malag&#242;n (IFC-UNAM Animal Facility) for their help in rabbit immunization. This work was supported by grants from CONACYT 131226 and PAPIIT-DGAPA-UNAM IN204916.

동물에서 수행 모든 실험은 CICUAL 프로토콜 번호로, 실험 동물 관리 및 멕시코의 자치 대학교 (UNAM)의 사용을위한위원회의 승인을했다 : FLC40-14. (CICUAL &quot;Comité Institucional 파라 엘 Cuidado y를 USO 드 로스 짐승 같은 드하기 Laboratorio 델 연구소의 드 Fisiologìa Celular, 대학교 나시 오날 자치시 드 멕시코&quot;). 배아 단백질 추출물 1. 준비 <ol><li> 각 조건은 예를 들어 72 시간 포스트 수정 (HPF)를 위해, 원하는 단계에서 (morphants 대 야생형)을 비교하기 위해 200 배아 - (100)를 수집합니다. </li><li> 물고기의 물을 함유하는 배양 접시에 장소 배아는 (표 1 참조) 수동 뾰족한 집게를 사용하여 배아를 dechorionate. 이 대상 수용체을 소화 수 있으므로이 단계 (또는 프로토콜을 통해 다른 단백질 분해 효소) 동안 프로 나제​​를 사용하지 마십시오. </li><li> 1.5 ml의 미세 원심 분리 튜브에 넣어 배아 및 배아 TW 씻어1X 인산 완충 용액 (PBS)와 얼음 (표 1 참조). </li><li> deyolk 버퍼 500 μL를 추가 (표 1 참조). </li><li> (- 40 배 30) 용액에 배아를 부드럽게 아래로 피펫 팅에 의해 노른자의 대부분을 놓습니다. 72 HPF, 48 HPF의 배아를 들어 각각 파란색과 노란색 피펫 팁을 사용합니다. 노란색 끝은 약간 배아를 파괴하지 않도록 절단해야 할 수도 있습니다. 성공적인 노른자 자료는 현미경으로 배아를 관찰하여 확인할 수 있습니다. </li><li> 15 초 동안 600 XG에서 원심 분리하여 배아를 수집합니다. </li><li> 피펫을 사용하여 조심스럽게 상층 액을 버린다. </li><li> 워시 배아 회 500 ㎕의 세척 완충액으로 부드럽게 최저 속도 텍싱하여 (표 1 참조). </li><li> 15 초 동안 600 XG에서 원심 분리하여 배아를 수집합니다. </li><li> 여기에서 시작, 4 ° C에서 절차를 계속합니다. </li><li> 피펫을 사용하여 조심스럽게 상층 액을 버린다. </li><li> 용해 완충액 350 μL에 재현 탁 배아 (표 1 참조)과 플라스틱 유봉을 사용하여 균질화한다. </li><li> 4 ° C에서 테스트 튜브 로커에 용해 배아를 교반하면서 30 분을 품어. </li><li> 원심 분리하여 불용성 잔사를 제거하기 위해 15 분 동안 11,000 XG에서 배아를 용해. </li><li> 전송 신선한 튜브에 피펫을 이용하여 상층 액을 깨끗이 밀어 냈습니다. </li><li> 브래드 포드 (Bradford) 단백질 분석 (4), 또는 다른 적절한 방법에 의해 전체 단백질을 결정한다. 브래드 포드 분석법이 사용되는 경우가 4 표준 단백질의 과소 원인으로, 용해 버퍼에 세제 선물 동등한 농도의 존재 검량선을 수행한다. </li></ol> 2. 감지 내인성 수용체 단백질의 <ol><li> 선호도 라벨링 및 면역 침전 (모든 단계 4 O를 C에서) <ol><li> 1.5 ml의 미세 원심 분리 튜브에 총 배아 단백질의 500 μg의 버퍼 1 (표 1 참조) 1 μg의 / μL로 희석 - (400)를 배치합니다. 주 : 약 100 배의 총 단백질 500 μg의 획득하기 위해서 - 200 배아 초기 처리되어야한다. 72 HPF 배아는 정기적으로 betaglycan 검출을위한 충분한 총 배아 단백질의 ~ 5 μg의를 얻을. </li><li> 150 오후 최종 농도에 도달하고 4 ° C에서 테스트 튜브 로커 2 시간에 교반 배양 표시 TGF-β2 주식의 충분한 볼륨을 추가합니다. AFLIP이 시작되기 전에 Cheifetz 등. (5)에 의해 설명 된 바와 같이 TGF-β2는 클로라민 T 법에 의해 125 I로 표시해야합니다. 주의 : 내가 리간드 레이블 (125)를 처리하는 동안 노출을 최소화하기 위해 차폐. </li><li> (100) 희석 (배양이 O / N 수있다) 4 ° C에서 또 다른 2 시간 동안 배양을 계속 : 1에 도달하기 위해 관심있는 수용체에 대한 희석 항체의 충분한 볼륨을 추가합니다. 따라서 본 연구에서 사용하고 다른 3을 설명하지만,의 품질에 따라, 항혈청 번호 (31)의 최적의 희석이고tibody, 큰 또는 작은 희석 최적 일 수있다. </li><li> 적절한 면역 글로불린 결합 구슬의 50 μl를 추가합니다 (예를 들어, 이전에 TNTE에서 평형 1 재현 탁 G 단백질 세 파로스, : TNTE에서 원래 볼륨의 5)를 4 °에서 테스트 튜브 로커에 교반과 함께 50 분 동안 품어 기음. </li><li> 20 초 동안 11,000 XG에서 microcentrifugation으로 구슬을 복구 할 수 있습니다. </li><li> 적절한 방사성 쓰레기 용기에 상층 액을 버린다. </li><li> 20 초 때마다 11,000 XG에, 텍싱 및 microcentrifugation에 의해 IP 세척 버퍼 (표 1 참조) 1 ㎖로 IP-구슬 세 번 씻으십시오. </li><li> 재현 탁 IP-구슬 IP 세척 버퍼 250 μL있다. </li><li> (10 ㎎ / ㎖에서 DMSO에 용해 DSS) 숙신 이미 딜 수베의 1.5 μl를 추가합니다. 바로이 단계에서의 사용 전에 DSS 솔루션을 준비합니다. </li><li> 교반 4 ° C에서 15 분 동안 품어. </li><li> 가교 반응을 종결하기 위해, 500 ㎕의 O를 추가충분히 트리스 - CL pH 7.4의 재고 보충 F IP 세척 버퍼는 25 mM 트리스 - (CL)에 도달한다. 트리스의 유리 아미노산 그룹은 미 반응 DSS를 캡처합니다. </li><li> 20 초 동안 11,000 XG에 원심 분리기는 IP-구슬을 수집하고 뜨는을 폐기합니다. </li><li> 재현 탁 IP 비드 램리 완충액 30 μL 감소한다. </li><li> 삶아 샘플 94 ° C에서 5 분. </li><li> 선택적으로, 제조업 자의 프로토콜을 사용하여 감마 계수기에서 샘플을 분석한다. </li></ol></li><li> 샘플 분석 <ol><li> SDS-PAGE를 변성에 따라 샘플. 수용체의 질량에 해당하는 비율로 폴리 아크릴 아미드를 사용하여 표준 절차에 따라 젤을 실행합니다. </li><li> 고정 제 용액에서 겔을 담그고 실온에서 30 분 동안 (표 1 참조). </li><li> 15 분 동안 증류수로 젤을 씻으십시오. </li><li> 이전에 수화 필터 종이에 젤을 놓고 사란 랩 필름 커버. </li><li> 1 시간 동안 80 ° C에서 건조 젤. </li><li> 흰색은 phosphorimager의 scre에 젤을 노출RT O / N에서 엉. </li><li> 제조 업체의 프로토콜을 사용하여은 phosphorimager를 사용하여 노출 된 화면을 검색합니다. </li></ol></li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

관심의 단백질에 대한 특이 항체와 서양 말의 사용은 배아 발생 동안 발현 7을 연구하는 유용한 도구입니다. 그러나, 높은 당화 단백질의 면역 인해 자신의 비효율적 인 전송 및 니트로 셀룰로오스 또는 PVDF 막 8,9 약한 결합을 매우 성공적으로되지 않았습니다. 프로테오글리칸 때문에 음전하를하고 폴리스티렌 표면 또는 소수성 블로 팅 막 중 하나에 잘 결합?...

Specific detection of proteins expressed during embryonic development is required to validate expression profiles obtained by measuring their cognate mRNAs with RT-PCR or in situ hybridization (ISH). This is commonly achieved by a western blot of embryo extracts followed by detection with specific antibodies. However, this approach is hard to apply to proteins that are in very low abundance, or that have properties that hamper their quantitative transfer during their blotting. Betaglycan, also known as the type III transforming growth factor &#946; (TGF-&#946;) receptor (TGFBR3), is an example of these difficulties. TGFBR3 is a part time membrane proteoglycan that binds TGF-&#946; through its core protein1, with notably higher affinity for the isoform TGF-&#946;2, a property that distinguishes it from any other TGF-&#946; binding protein2. TGFBR3 in the zebrafish is expressed from 8 hpf on, reaching a maximum by 72 hpf, as detected by RT-PCR of its mRNA3. 
However, despite the availability of a very specific antibody3, every attempt to detect its translated product by western blot proved unsuccessful. Reckoning that TGFBR3's proteoglycan nature, as well as putative low abundance may be accountable for this failure, a detection method, AFLIP, which takes advantage of TGFBR3 high affinity for TGF-&#946;2 was devised. In this method a protein extract from pooled embryos is allowed to specifically bind 125I-labeled TGF-&#946;2 and the receptor-ligand complexes are purified by immunoprecipitation and cross-linked before separation by SDS-PAGE. The migration patterns observed by autoradiography of the gels revealed the presence and nature of the labeled receptor species. This approach combines the ligand specificity of affinity labeling with immunoprecipitation by specific antibodies, increasing detection range, avoiding the inefficient transfer blotting of TGFBR3. Due to its inherent properties, the AFLIP assay is not a quantitative assay but can be used to confidently gauge relative experimental differences in the analyzed receptor.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS)</td><td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td><td>21555</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Protein G Sepharose 4 Fast Flow</td><td>GE Healthcare Life Sciences</td><td>17-0618-01</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gel Dryer Model 583&amp;nbsp;</td><td>BIO-RAD</td><td>1651745</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Typhoon 9400</td><td>GE Healthcare Life Sciences</td><td>63-0055-78</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cobra II Auto gamma counter</td><td>Packard</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Exposure Cassette</td><td>Molecular Dynamics</td><td>63-0035-44</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NaCl</td><td>J.T. Baker</td><td>3624</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>KCl</td><td>J.T. Baker</td><td>3040</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;HPO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;</td><td>J.T. Baker</td><td>3828</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>K&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;HPO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;</td><td>J.T. Baker</td><td>3246</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;OH</td><td>J.T. Baker</td><td>9070</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;COOH</td><td>J.T. Baker</td><td>9508</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HCHO</td><td>J.T. Baker</td><td>2106</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SDS</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>L4509</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>EDTA</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>ED</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Triton X-100</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>T9284</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CaCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>C3306</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NaHCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>S233</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PMSF</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>P7626</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Crystal Sea Marine Mix</td><td>Marine Enterprises International</td><td>http://www.meisalt.com/Crystal-Sea-Marinemix</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

affinity labeling detection of endogenous receptors from zebrafish embryos

By combining the powers of Affinity Labeling and Immunoprecipitation (AFLIP), a technique for the detection of low abundance receptors in zebrafish embryos has been implemented. This technique takes advantage of the selectivity and sensitivity conferred by affinity labeling of a given receptor by its ligand with the specificity of the immunoprecipitation. We have used AFLIP to detect the type III TGF-&#946; receptor (TGFBR3), also know as betaglycan, during early zebrafish development. AFLIP was instrumental in validating the efficacy of a TGFBR3 morphant zebrafish phenotype. In the first step, embryo protein extracts are prepared and used to generate 125I-TGF-&#946;2-TGFBR3 complexes that are purified by immunoprecipitation. Later, these complexes are covalently cross-linked and revealed using SDS-PAGE separation and autoradiography detection. This technique requires the availability of a labeled ligand for, and a specific antibody against, the receptor to be detected, and shall be easily adapted to identify any growth factor or cytokine receptor that meets these requirements.

그림 1은 AFLIP 얻은 대표적인 결과를 보여줍니다. 125 I-리간드에서 온 레인 1 신호는 공유 (150 kDa의 마커 아래 BG 코어) 제브라 피쉬 betaglycan 핵심 단백질 또는 글리코 사 미노 글리 칸의 첨부 파일 (GAG, 도말하여 프로테오글리칸 형태로 처리 된 BG 코어 중 하나에 연결된 ) 170 kDa 내지 겔의 상단까지. 마이그레이션이 패턴 날카로운 코어 단백질 플러스 (GAG ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Affinity Labeling Detection of Endogenous Receptors from Zebrafish Embryos at JoVE.com

Affinity Labeling Detection of Endogenous Receptors from Zebrafish Embryos

A novel technique for the detection of low abundance endogenous receptors present in zebrafish embryos is described. We have named it AFLIP because it consists of affinity labeling of the receptor by its ligand linked to immunoprecipitation.

Zebrafish의 배아에서 내인성 수용체의 친화력 레이블 검출

By combining the powers of Affinity Labeling and Immunoprecipitation (AFLIP), a technique for the detection of low abundance receptors in zebrafish ...

affinity-labeling-detection-endogenous-receptors-from-zebrafish

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

5.6K 조회수.  Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. A novel technique for the detection of low abundance endogenous receptors present in zebrafish embryos is described. We have named it AFLIP because it consists of affinity labeling of the receptor by its ligand linked to immunoprecipitation.

비디오: Affinity Labeling Detection of Endogenous Receptors from Zebrafish Embryos

Labeling and Imaging Cells in the Zebrafish Hindbrain

Key to understanding the morphogenetic processes that shape the early vertebrate embryo is the ability to image cells at high resolution. In zebrafish embryos, injection of plasmid DNA results in mosaic expression, allowing for the visualization of single cells or small clusters of cells 1 . We describe how injection of plasmid DNA encoding membrane-targeted Green Fluorescent Protein (mGFP) under the control of a ubiquitous promoter can be used for imaging cells undergoing neurulation. Central to this protocol is the methodology for imaging labeled cells at high resolution in sections and also in real time. This protocol entails the injection of mGFP DNA into young zebrafish embryos. Embryos are then processed for vibratome sectioning, antibody labeling and imaging with a confocal microscope. Alternatively, live embryos expressing mGFP can be imaged using time-lapse confocal microscopy. We have previously used this straightforward approach to analyze the cellular behaviors that drive neural tube formation in the hindbrain region of zebrafish embryos 2. The fixed preparations allowed for unprecedented visualization of cell shapes and organization in the neural tube while live imaging complemented this approach enabling a better understanding of the cellular dynamics that take place during neurulation.

Key to understanding the morphogenetic processes that shape the early embryo is the ability to image cells at high resolution. We describe here a technique for labeling single cells or small clusters of cells in whole zebrafish embryos with membrane-targeted Green Fluorescent Protein.

Zebrafish의 Hindbrain에 라벨 부착 및 이미징 셀

Key to understanding the morphogenetic processes that shape the early vertebrate embryo is the ability to image cells at high resolution. In zebrafish ...

연구

신경과학

Imaging Subcellular Structures in the Living Zebrafish Embryo

In vivo imaging provides unprecedented access to the dynamic behavior of cellular and subcellular structures in their natural context. Performing such imaging experiments in higher vertebrates such as mammals generally requires surgical access to the system under study. The optical accessibility of embryonic and larval zebrafish allows such invasive procedures to be circumvented and permits imaging in the intact organism. Indeed the zebrafish is now a well-established model to visualize dynamic cellular behaviors using in vivo microscopy in a wide range of developmental contexts from proliferation to migration and differentiation. A more recent development is the increasing use of zebrafish to study subcellular events including mitochondrial trafficking and centrosome dynamics. The relative ease with which these subcellular structures can be genetically labeled by fluorescent proteins and the use of light microscopy techniques to image them is transforming the zebrafish into an in vivo model of cell biology. Here we describe methods to generate genetic constructs that fluorescently label organelles, highlighting mitochondria and centrosomes as specific examples. We use the bipartite Gal4-UAS system in multiple configurations to restrict expression to specific cell-types and provide protocols to generate transiently expressing and stable transgenic fish. Finally, we provide guidelines for choosing light microscopy methods that are most suitable for imaging subcellular dynamics.

Imaging the dynamic behavior of organelles and other subcellular structures in vivo can shed light on their function in physiological and disease conditions. Here, we present methods for genetically tagging two organelles, centrosomes and mitochondria, and imaging their dynamics in living zebrafish embryos using wide-field and confocal microscopy.

살아있는 Zebrafish의 배아에서 세포 이하 구조를 이미징

In vivo imaging provides unprecedented access to the dynamic behavior of cellular and subcellular structures in their natural context. Performing such ...

발생학

Visualizing Multiciliated Cells in the Zebrafish Through a Combined Protocol of Whole Mount Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization and Immunofluorescence

In recent years, the zebrafish embryo has emerged as a popular model to study developmental biology due to traits such as ex utero embryo development and optical transparency. In particular, the zebrafish embryo has become an important organism to study vertebrate kidney organogenesis as well as multiciliated cell (MCC) development. To visualize MCCs in the embryonic zebrafish kidney, we have developed a combined protocol of whole-mount fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and whole mount immunofluorescence (IF) that enables high resolution imaging. This manuscript describes our technique for co-localizing RNA transcripts and protein as a tool to better understand the regulation of developmental programs through the expression of various lineage factors.

Visualizing Multiciliated Cells in the Zebrafish Through a Combined Protocol of Whole Mount Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization and Immunofluorescence

Cilia development is vital to proper organogenesis. This protocol describes an optimized method to label and visualize ciliated cells of the zebrafish.

Multiciliated 셀 전체 마운트 형광 제자리에서 교 잡 및 면역 형광의 결합 된 프로토콜을 통해 Zebrafish에 시각화

In recent years, the zebrafish embryo has emerged as a popular model to study developmental biology due to traits such as ex utero embryo development and ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>CRISPR/Cas9 Knock-In을 사용한 제브라피시 유충의 형광 단백질 태깅

Fluorescence Labeling to Visualize Low-Expressed Proteins in Zebrafish

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in (KI) technology allows for easier fluorescent-protein tagging in zebrafish (Danio rerio), a preferred model organism for in vivo imaging due to its transparency during the early developmental stage. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for performing high-efficiency fluorescence gene KI, rapid screening for KI founders, and low-abundance protein tracing in zebrafish larvae, which will lay a critical foundation for subsequent physio-pathological studies in zebrafish. The current protocol includes complete steps for the sgRNA design for the gene of interest, sgRNA in vitro transcription, Cas9 mRNA in vitro transcription, in vivo sgRNA screen for the one with the highest efficiency, donor plasmid design and construction, microinjection in zebrafish larvae, KI founder screen and zebrafish live imaging. Critical steps, troubleshooting tips, quality control methods, and advantages and applications of this protocol are included and discussed. This protocol assures quick and accurate results at a low cost and has been validated by multiple trials.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>제브라피시에서 저발현 단백질을 시각화하기 위한 형광 라벨링

Here, we present a protocol to label proteins with a fluorescence protein tag in zebrafish larvae, a newly developed and modified in vivo system especially useful for visualizing low-abundance proteins in zebrafish.

제브라피시에서 저발현 단백질을 시각화하기 위한 형광 라벨링

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in (KI) technology allows for easier fluorescent-protein tagging in zebrafish (Danio rerio), a preferred model organism for in ...

유전학

Antibody Uptake Assay for Tracking Notch/Delta Endocytosis During the Asymmetric Division of Zebrafish Radial Glia Progenitors

Asymmetric cell division (ACD), which produces two daughter cells of different fates, is fundamental for generating cellular diversity. In the developing organs of both invertebrates and vertebrates, asymmetrically dividing progenitors generates a Notchhi self-renewing and a Notchlo differentiating daughter. In the embryonic zebrafish brain, radial glia progenitors (RGPs)-the principal vertebrate neural stem cells-mostly undergo ACD to give birth to one RGP and one differentiating neuron. The optical clarity and easy accessibility of zebrafish embryos make them ideal for in vivo time-lapse imaging to directly visualize how and when the asymmetry of Notch signaling is established during ACD. Recent studies have shown that dynamic endocytosis of the Notch ligand DeltaD plays a crucial role in cell fate determination during ACD, and the process is regulated by the evolutionarily conserved polarity regulator Par-3 (also known as Pard3) and the dynein motor complex. To visualize the in vivo trafficking patterns of Notch signaling endosomes in mitotic RGPs, we have developed this antibody uptake assay. Using the assay, we have uncovered the dynamicity of DeltaD-containing endosomes during RGP division.

This work develops an antibody uptake assay for imaging intra-lineage Notch/DeltaD signaling in dividing radial glia progenitors of the embryonic zebrafish brain.

Zebrafish Radial Glia Progenitors의 비대칭 분열 동안 Notch/Delta Endocytosis 추적을 위한 항체 흡수 분석

Asymmetric cell division (ACD), which produces two daughter cells of different fates, is fundamental for generating cellular diversity. In the developing ...

Lineage Labeling of Zebrafish Cells with Laser Uncagable Fluorescein Dextran

A central problem in developmental biology is to deduce the origin of the myriad cell types present in vertebrates as they arise from undifferentiated precursors. Researchers have employed various methods of lineage labeling, such as DiI labeling1 and pressure injection of traceable enzymes2 to ascertain cell fate at later stages of development in model systems. The first fate maps in zebrafish (Danio rerio) were assembled by iontophoretic injection of fluorescent dyes, such as rhodamine dextran, into single cells in discrete regions of the embryo and tracing the labeled cell's fate over time3-5. While effective, these methods are technically demanding and require specialized equipment not commonly found in zebrafish labs. Recently, photoconvertable fluorescent proteins, such as Eos and Kaede, which irreversibly switch from green to red fluorescence when exposed to ultraviolet light, are seeing increased use in zebrafish6-8. The optical clarity of the zebrafish embryo and the relative ease of transgenesis have made these particularily attractive tools for lineage labeling and to observe the migration of cells in vivo7. Despite their utility, these proteins have some disadvantages compared to dye-mediated lineage labeling methods. The most crucial is the difficulty we have found in obtaining high 3-D resolution during photoconversion of these proteins. In this light, perhaps the best combination of resolution and ease of use for lineage labeling in zebrafish makes use of caged fluorescein dextran, a fluorescent dye that is bound to a quenching group that masks its fluorescence9. The dye can then be "uncaged" (released from the quenching group) within a specific cell using UV light from a laser or mercury lamp, allowing visualization of its fluorescence or immunodetection. Unlike iontophoretic methods, caged fluorescein can be injected with standard injection apparatuses and uncaged with an epifluorescence microscope equipped with a pinhole10. In addition, antibodies against fluorescein detect only the uncaged form, and the epitope survives fixation well11. Finally, caged fluorescein can be activated with very high 3-D resolution, especially if two-photon microscopy is employed 12,13. This protocol describes a method of lineage labeling by caged fluorescein and laser uncaging. Subsequenctly, uncaged fluorescein is detected simultaneously with other epitopes such as GFP by labeling with antibodies.

This protocol delineates a way to label and trace the fate of small groups of cells zebrafish embryos using UV-uncaging of caged fluorescein, followed by whole mount immunolabeling to amplify the signal from the uncaged fluorescein.

레이저 Uncagable 플루오레신 Dextran과 Zebrafish 세포의 리니지 라벨

A central problem in developmental biology is to deduce the origin of the myriad cell types present in vertebrates as they arise from undifferentiated ...

생물학

Semi-automated Imaging of Tissue-specific Fluorescence in Zebrafish Embryos

Zebrafish embryos are a powerful tool for large-scale screening of small molecules. Transgenic zebrafish that express fluorescent reporter proteins are frequently used to identify chemicals that modulate gene expression. Chemical screens that assay fluorescence in live zebrafish often rely on expensive, specialized equipment for high content screening. We describe a procedure using a standard epifluorescence microscope with a motorized stage to automatically image zebrafish embryos and detect tissue-specific fluorescence. Using transgenic zebrafish that report estrogen receptor activity via expression of GFP, we developed a semi-automated procedure to screen for estrogen receptor ligands that activate the reporter in a tissue-specific manner. In this video we describe procedures for arraying zebrafish embryos at 24-48 hours post fertilization (hpf) in a 96-well plate and adding small molecules that bind estrogen receptors. At 72-96 hpf, images of each well from the entire plate are automatically collected and manually inspected for tissue-specific fluorescence. This protocol demonstrates the ability to detect estrogens that activate receptors in heart valves but not in liver.

Described here is a protocol for semi-automated imaging of tissue-specific fluorescence in zebrafish embryos.

Zebrafish의 태아의 조직 특이 형광의 반 자동화 이미징

Zebrafish embryos are a powerful tool for large-scale screening of small molecules. Transgenic zebrafish that express fluorescent reporter proteins are ...

Flat Mount Preparation for Observation and Analysis of Zebrafish Embryo Specimens Stained by Whole Mount In situ Hybridization

The zebrafish embryo is now commonly used for basic and biomedical research to investigate the genetic control of developmental processes and to model congenital abnormalities. During the first day of life, the zebrafish embryo progresses through many developmental stages including fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, segmentation, and the organogenesis of structures such as the kidney, heart, and central nervous system. The anatomy of a young zebrafish embryo presents several challenges for the visualization and analysis of the tissues involved in many of these events because the embryo develops in association with a round yolk mass. Thus, for accurate analysis and imaging of experimental phenotypes in fixed embryonic specimens between the tailbud and 20 somite stage (10 and 19 hours post fertilization (hpf), respectively), such as those stained using whole mount in situ hybridization (WISH), it is often desirable to remove the embryo from the yolk ball and to position it flat on a glass slide. However, performing a flat mount procedure can be tedious. Therefore, successful and efficient flat mount preparation is greatly facilitated through the visual demonstration of the dissection technique, and also helped by using reagents that assist in optimal tissue handling. Here, we provide our WISH protocol for one or two-color detection of gene expression in the zebrafish embryo, and demonstrate how the flat mounting procedure can be performed on this example of a stained fixed specimen. This flat mounting protocol is broadly applicable to the study of many embryonic structures that emerge during early zebrafish development, and can be implemented in conjunction with other staining methods performed on fixed embryo samples.

Flat Mount Preparation for Observation and Analysis of Zebrafish Embryo Specimens Stained by Whole Mount In situ Hybridization

The zebrafish embryo is an excellent model for developmental biology research. During embryogenesis, zebrafish develop with a yolk mass, which presents three-dimensional challenges for sample observation and analysis. This protocol describes how to create two-dimensional flat mount preparations of whole mount in situ (WISH) stained zebrafish embryo specimens.

전체 마운트하여 제브라 피쉬 배아 시편 스테인드 관찰 및 분석을위한 평면 마운트 준비<em&gt; 현장에서</em&gt; 하이브리드

The zebrafish embryo is now commonly used for basic and biomedical research to investigate the genetic control of developmental processes and to model ...

Zebrafish의 배아에서 내인성 수용체의 친화력 레이블 검출

요약

더 많은 비디오 탐색

이 비디오의 챕터

Zebrafish의 Hindbrain에 라벨 부착 및 이미징 셀

살아있는 Zebrafish의 배아에서 세포 이하 구조를 이미징

Multiciliated 셀 전체 마운트 형광 제자리에서 교 잡 및 면역 형광의 결합 된 프로토콜을 통해 Zebrafish에 시각화

제브라피시에서 저발현 단백질을 시각화하기 위한 형광 라벨링

제브라피시에서 저발현 단백질을 시각화하기 위한 형광 라벨링

제브라피시에서 저발현 단백질을 시각화하기 위한 형광 라벨링

Zebrafish Radial Glia Progenitors의 비대칭 분열 동안 Notch/Delta Endocytosis 추적을 위한 항체 흡수 분석

레이저 Uncagable 플루오레신 Dextran과 Zebrafish 세포의 리니지 라벨

Zebrafish의 태아의 조직 특이 형광의 반 자동화 이미징

전체 마운트하여 제브라 피쉬 배아 시편 스테인드 관찰 및 분석을위한 평면 마운트 준비