저자 실용적인 조언을 제공 하는 학과의 플라스틱 및 재건 수술, 준 텐도 대학의과 대학, 박사 유키코가 감사 합니다. 우리는 또한 당뇨병 센터의 도쿄 여자의 의학 대학의과 대학 우수 기술 지원의 씨 카 즈 무라를 감사합니다. 이 연구는 교육, 문화, 스포츠, 과학 및 기술 (MEXT) 일본에서 개발 혁신 시스템 "셀 시트 조직 공학 센터 (CSTEC)" 프로젝트의 학 제 연구 분야 프로그램 고급 혁신 센터의 창조에 의해 지원 되었다.

All experimental protocols presented below were approved by the Animal Welfare Committee of Tokyo Women&#39;s Medical University School of Medicine and abided by all requirements of the Guidelines for Proper Conduct of Animal Experiments.
1. Preparation of Animals, Instruments, Culture Media, and Dishes
<ol>
	<li>Prepare complete culture medium using minimum essential medium alpha containing 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. Store this for several months at 4 &#176;C until use.</li>
	<li>Use adult male ZDF rats as a type 2 diabetic obesity model. Use the fat pad of male Lewis rats to isolate adipose tissue to prepare the cell sheets.</li>
</ol>
2. Isolation and Culture of rASCs
<ol>
	<li>Obtain adipose tissue from Lewis rats (8 - 33 weeks old, male) under general anesthesia using isoflurane.
	<ol>
		<li>Prepare a rodent mechanical ventilator and 4% isoflurane. Prepare several sterile cotton tips, clean gauzes, a scalpel, a needle holder, operating scissors, a pair of forceps, and a 5-0 nylon suture. Sterilize the surgical instruments and supplies.</li>
		<li>Prepare a 100-mm Petri dish with 10 mL of sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to temporarily preserve the obtained adipose tissue. Weigh the Petri dish with PBS using a balance before starting surgery to measure the collected adipose tissue. Lay out the surgical instruments and supplies on a sterile drape.</li>
		<li>Anesthetize the rats by using isoflurane at 3 - 4% via a rodent mechanical ventilator and maintain the rats at 2 - 3% isoflurane during surgery. Monitor the depth of anesthesia by observing the depth and rate of respiration of each rat.</li>
		<li>While wearing sterile gloves, position the rat in a supine position on a sterile drape. Shave the operative area with an electric razor and clean the abdominal section of the rat using sterile gauze soaked in 70% ethanol.</li>
		<li>Create an approximately 5 cm-long skin incision with a scalpel in the lateral lower abdomen of the rat. Expose and dissect the external oblique muscle. Then, expose the epididymal adipose tissue surrounding the epididymis. Gently pull the epididymal adipose tissue out. 
		NOTE: The adipose tissue can be obtained on either side of the rat&#39;s abdomen.</li>
		<li>Excise only the epididymal adipose tissue, avoiding damage to the epididymis, testis, and epididymal blood vessels (Figure S1). Soak the excised adipose tissue in the PBS in the Petri dish to prevent dryness and weigh the tissue.</li>
		<li>Close the abdominal muscle with 5-0 VICRYL and the skin with a 5-0 nylon suture. Then, return each rat that has undergone surgery to a separate cage (one rat per cage). 
		NOTE: Monitor the rats until they fully recover.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Isolate rASCs from 2 - 3 g of adipose tissue (excised from a Lewis rat and processed according to a previously-reported method)27. Briefly, enzymatically digest the excised adipose tissue with 0.1% type A collagenase at 37 &#176;C for 1 h to obtain the stromal-vascular fraction (SVF; Figure S2).
	<ol>
		<li>Prepare several 100-&#181;m cell strainers, several 50-mL tubes, several 15 mL tubes, and two scalpels on a biological clean bench. Turn on a centrifuge and warm up a water bath to 37 &#176;C. In addition, prepare approximately 50 mL of sterile PBS in a 50 mL tube with 0.1% (final concentration) of type A collagenase.</li>
		<li>Mince the adipose tissue into small pieces using two scalpels.</li>
		<li>Move all minced adipose tissue to a 50-mL tube and add PBS to bring the total volume to 15 mL.</li>
		<li>Rest the 50-mL tube upright for 5 min. Discard the upper layer and collect the lower layer except for the debris.</li>
		<li>Add 0.1% of type A collagenase solution to the 50-mL tube with PBS containing the upper layer in order to enzymatically digest the adipose tissue. 
		NOTE: Warm approximately 20 mL of PBS per 2 - 3 g of adipose tissue in a 37 &#176;C water bath.</li>
		<li>Tilt and shake the 50 mL tube gently at 120 - 130 rpm for 1 h in a 37 &#176;C water bath.</li>
		<li>Rest the 50 mL tube upright for 5 min after shaking.</li>
		<li>Filter the solution using a 100 &#181;m cell strainer and pour the solution into a new 50 mL tube. Dispense the filtered solution into two 15 mL tubes.</li>
		<li>Centrifuge the solution in the 15 mL tubes for 5 min at 700 x g. Carefully remove the upper layer of supernatant and leave 5 mL of the lower layer of the solution. Do not aspirate the pellet.</li>
		<li>Add approximately 5 mL of complete culture medium to each 15 mL tube, up to 10 mL per 15 mL tube, and carefully re-suspend the pellet.</li>
		<li>Repeat steps 2.2.8 - 2.2.9. Then, obtain the SVF.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Prepare two 60 cm2 culture dishes. Collect the SVF after two centrifugations at 700 &#215; g for 5 min. Suspend the SVF and plate 10 mL of SVF solution on each 60-cm2 culture dish.</li>
	<li>Culture the dishes for 24 h at 37 &#176;C in a 5% CO2 incubator.</li>
	<li>Prepare PBS and 0.25% trypsin-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), storable for several months at 4 &#176;C until use.</li>
	<li>After initial plating (24 h), wash the cells with PBS 3 times to remove unattached cells and debris. Add fresh complete medium.</li>
	<li>Passage the cells that are nearly sub-confluent on day 3. Add 1 mL of 0.25% trypsin-EDTA and incubate the cells at 37 &#176;C in a 5% CO2 incubator for 3 - 5 min. 
	NOTE: Complete the trypsinization step within 10 min to prevent cell damage.</li>
	<li>Observe the cells under a light microscope after trypsinization to confirm that all the cells have thoroughly detached from the dishes. Then, add 9 mL of complete culture medium to the dishes.</li>
	<li>Count the number of cells using a hemocytometer.</li>
	<li>Subculture the cells at a density of 1.7 x 103 cells/cm2 every 3 days until passage 3. Culture the subcultured cells at 37 &#176;C in the humidified atmosphere of a 5% CO2 incubator.</li>
</ol>
3. Creation of rASC Sheets
<ol>
	<li>Prepare several 35-mm diameter temperature-responsive culture dishes. Pre-coat the dishes with FBS (or complete medium containing FBS) at 37 &#176;C in a 5% CO2 incubator for more than 1 h. 
	NOTE: A 35 mm diameter temperature-responsive culture dish is a commercially available product.</li>
	<li>Prepare a thermo-plate and incubate at 37 &#176;C for the following experimental procedures. 
	NOTE: Perform every procedure using temperature-responsive culture dishes on a 37 &#176;C thermo-plate to prevent the cells from spontaneously detaching from the dish.
	<ol>
		<li>Warm the complete culture medium used in the procedures to 37 &#176;C prior to experimentation.</li>
		<li>Seed passage 3 rASCs derived from Lewis rats onto a 35 mm diameter temperature-responsive culture dish at a density of 1.5 x 105 cells/dish for 3 days using a 2 mL total volume of complete culture medium. 
		NOTE: When rASCs are plated onto a new culture dish, the dish should be slowly rocked back and forth and left and right in an incubator to achieve uniform rASC seeding and a uniformly thick rASC sheet.</li>
		<li>Change 2 mL of the medium to 2 mL of complete culture medium containing 16.4 &#181;g/mL L-ascorbic acid phosphate magnesium salt n-hydrate (AA) on day 3 after seeding to the temperature-responsive culture dishes incubated on a 37 &#176;C thermo-plate. 
		NOTE: Dissolved AA can be stored at -30 &#176;C for months.</li>
		<li>Culture the cells for an additional 4 - 5 days and replace the medium every 2 days with fresh medium containing AA.</li>
		<li>Confirm the proliferation and generation of ASCs under a light microscope to determine whether gaps occurred between the cells in a contiguous cell sheet.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Transfer the cell sheets from the incubator to the benchtop for 15 - 20 min to cool them to room temperature.; observe the cells spontaneously detach as a contiguous cell sheet. Harvest the rASC sheet from the dish surface with a pair of forceps. 
	NOTE: Usually, rASC sheets can be handled with a pair of forceps. If necessary, a transfer membrane can be used to transfer a cell sheet from the culture dish to the wound site if the cell sheet is brittle and fragile.</li>
</ol>
4. Preparation of the Full-thickness Skin Defect Wound Model and Transplantation of rASC Sheets
<ol>
	<li>Prepare a rodent mechanical ventilator and 4% isoflurane. Prepare several sterile cotton tips, clean gauze, 5-0 nylon suture, a scalpel, a periosteal raspatory, a needle holder, operating scissors, and a pair of forceps. Sterilize the surgical instruments and supplies. Lay out the surgical instruments and supplies on a sterile drape.</li>
	<li>Prepare PBS and maintain it at room temperature, along with some artificial skin and a non-adhesive dressing. Precut the artificial skin (15 x 10 mm) and non-adhesive dressing (20 &#215; 15 mm). Soak the inner collagen sponge layer of the artificial skin in saline before using the artificial skin. 
	NOTE: The artificial skin is made of two layers: an outer silicone sheet layer and an inner collagen sponge.</li>
	<li>Use ZDF rats (16 - 18 weeks old, male, 500 - 600 g) as a wound-healing model for type 2 diabetes and obesity.</li>
	<li>Anesthetize the ZDF rats by inhalation of 4% isoflurane using a rodent mechanical ventilator. Induce anesthesia by using isoflurane at 4 - 5% via a rodent mechanical ventilator and maintain it at 3 - 4% during surgery. Monitor the depth of anesthesia by observing the depth and rate of respiration of each rat via a toe pinch.</li>
	<li>While wearing sterile gloves, position the rat in the prone position on a sterile drape. Clean the head of the rat using sterile gauze soaked in 70% ethanol, shave the operative area with an electric razor, and clean the skin after shaving using sterile gauze soaked in 70% ethanol.</li>
	<li>Create a squared full-thickness skin defect (15 x 10 mm2) on the head of the anesthetized ZDF rats by removing the cutaneous tissue from the epidermis to the periosteum. Excise the skin and cutaneous tissue with a scalpel and remove the periosteum with a periosteal raspatory.</li>
	<li>Move the rASCs on the 35 mm temperature-responsive culture dish from the incubator to a room-temperature environment immediately prior to transplantation.</li>
	<li>Observe the rASCs on the 35 mm temperature-responsive culture dish spontaneously detach as a sheet from the dish surface after the formation of a wound. Harvest the rASC sheets after 7 days of culturing on temperature-responsive culture dishes. Remove the cultured medium and wash the rASC sheet with PBS three times. Soak the rASC sheet in PBS until transplantation to prevent desiccation.</li>
	<li>Place the rASC sheet immediately over the skull defect using a pair of forceps. If the cell sheet is brittle and fragile, a membrane can be used as a scaffold for transferring the cell sheet from the culture dish to the wound site.</li>
	<li>Cover the rASC sheet and defect with the artificial skin (15 x 10 mm2) and close the wound with approximately 10 stiches using the 5-0 nylon suture. To protect the wound, place a non-adhesive dressing (20 x 15 mm2) over the artificial skin, using 5-0 nylon sutures to keep the wound environment moist and to absorb exudates. 
	NOTE: The non-adhesive dressings will be removed by the ZDF rats within a few days after application. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly monitor the rats after transplantation. Usually, the non-adhesive dressing is replaced every 2 days under general anesthesia.</li>
	<li>Return each rat that has undergone surgery to a separate cage until they have fully recovered (one rat per cage). After an observation period, euthanize the rats using the approved method of isoflurane overdose.</li>
</ol>

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다음 저자 공개할 금융 관계가이 게시에 관련: 男 카노는 설립자와 셀 씨 주식 회사, 기술 및 도쿄 여자의과 대학에서 특허 라이센스, 위원회의 감독 이며 男 오 카노 마사유키 야마토 있으며 셀 씨 주식 회사 도쿄 여자 의과대학 관계자 받는 셀 씨 i n c.에서 연구 자금 다른 저자는 그들은 금융 관계가이 게시에 관련 없는 선언 합니다.

성공적으로 경작 된 rASC 시트에 대 한 가장 중요 한 단계는 다음과 같습니다: 1) 온도 약 37 ° C에서 온도 응답 문화 요리에 경작 하는 동안 유지 되어야 합니다. RASC 시트를 생성 하는 동안 모든 절차 37 ° C 온도-접시에, 수행 하 고 모든 시 약은 저절로 요리31에서 분리에서 세포를 방지 하기 위해 37 ° C로 예 열. 2) 받는 사람에서 쥐 rASC 시트의 성공적인 이식에 대 한 중요 한 비 접착...

당뇨병 환자의 인구 세계 전반 증가 하 고 20151;에서 400 백만 도달 당뇨병 환자의 약된 15-25% 더 낮은 말단 당뇨병 궤 양2의 진행에서 위험에 있습니다. 더 낮은 말단 당뇨병 궤 세공 되지 않으며 완전 한 회복 후 재활 훈련으로 장기간 치료를 해야 할 수도 있습니다. 긴 치료 기간을 종종 환자 삶의 질에 있는 뜻깊은 감소에 있는 결과. 따라서, 당뇨병 상처 치료에 대 한 감소 또는 악화를 방지 하는 새로운 치료를 개발 해야 합니다. 당뇨병 상처 치유를 평가 하려면 우리는 당뇨 궤 양 상처 치유 모델 쥐, 모방 실용적인 임상 조건, 최적화 그리고 치유 상처 가속 지방 유래 줄기 세포 (ASC) 시트 셀 시트 엔지니어링을 사용 하 여 이식 여부 평가.
Mesenchymal stromal 세포 (MSCs) 그들의 자기 갱신, 그들의 immunomodulatory 효과 용량과 다양 한 세포 계보3으로 차별 하는 그들의 능력 때문에 상처 치유를 가속을 위한 우수한 잠재력을 전시. ASCs는 지방 조직에서 파생 된 MSC의 유형 그리고 그들은 그들의 잠재적인 신생 및 paracrine 활동4,5를 포함 하 여 다른 조직에서 파생 된 MSCs에 몇몇 이점을 전시. 지방 조직, 인체에서 상대적으로 풍부한 이며 최소한 침략 적 절차를 사용 하 여 컬렉션에 대 한 접근 허용. 따라서, ASCs 상처 치유 응용 프로그램6,7에 대 한 실험적으로 사용 되었습니다.
이전 보고서 상처 주변 지역에 단일 셀 MSC 정지 직접 주입 상처 치유8,9를 가속화할 수 있습니다 나타났습니다. 그러나,이 당뇨병 궤 양 모델 단일 세포 현 탁 액의 주입에 따라 상처 치유의 가속의 보고서에도 불구 하 고 상처 사이트에서 이식된 세포의 생존에 명확 하지 않습니다.
이 연구에서 우리가 온도 응답 문화 요리를 사용 하 여 셀 시트 공학 적용. 이 요리는 온도 응답성 고분자 N-isopropylacrylamide covalently 그들의 표면10에 바인딩된. 이식할된 폴리머 레이어를 온도-제어 세포 접착 또는 문화 접시의 표면에서 분리 수 있습니다. 접시의 표면이 된다 37 ° C에서, 반면 세포 표면에서 32 ° c 온도에서 친수성이 되 면 저절로 분리 준수 및 증식, 세포 수 소수 배양된 세포 온도; 감소 하면 그대로 셀 접합 및 세포 외 매트릭스 (ECMs)와 인접 셀 시트 수확 수 있습니다. 따라서, ECM, 트립 신, 등을 손상 하는 분해 효소 필요11않습니다. 따라서, 셀-시트 공학 셀 연결을 유지 하 고 세포 이식의 효능을 향상 시킬 수 있습니다.
또한, 셀-시트 이식 세포 주입12에 비교 될 때 세포 생존 율을 증가 시킵니다. 이 프로토콜에서 커 당뇨 지방 (ZDF) 쥐 지연된 상처 치유와 타입 2 당뇨병과 비만 모델 선정 됐다. 쥐 자발적으로 약 4 주에 비만 개발합니다. 그들은 다음 어느 시점에서 그들은 혈당 인슐린 저항, dyslipidemia, 그리고 hypertriglyceridemia13과 관련 된 전시 하는 나이의 8과 12 주 사이 비만과 2 형 당뇨병을 개발. 상처 지연된 치유, 주변 혈관, 당뇨병 신 장병에 감소 된 혈은 또한14,,1516을 관찰 했다. 또한, ZDF 쥐 다루기 힘든 피부 궤 양, 당뇨 궤 양 등의 치유 공부에 대 한 적절 한 모델을 수 있습니다.
상처 치유 메커니즘에 인간과 설치류의 차이 피부에 해 부 차이와 연결 됩니다. 정상적인 쥐에서 치유 하는 상처는 다시 epithelialization 및 알갱이 만듦 조직 형성에 따라 인간의 상처 치유 하는 반면 상처 수축, 기반. 일반적으로, 상처 부 설치류 모델에 사용 되 상처 수축 최소화 하는 데 도움이 하 고 비록 nondiabetic 쥐에 상처 수축에 의해 거의 완전히 폐쇄는 알갱이 만듦 조직17, 점차적인 형성에 대 한 수 있습니다. 그러나, 당뇨병 상처 수축 ZDF에서 쥐 장애인, 그리고 상처 치유 주로 발생 통해 다시 epithelialization 및 알갱이 만듦 조직 형성; 따라서,이 과정은 인간의 상처 치유14더 비슷합니다.
Debridement 임상 발생 종종 후 당뇨병 상처를 노출 된 뼈. 12 m m 직경 athymic 누드 마우스18,19 의 뒤에 전체 간격 피부 상처와 정상적인 쥐20의 뒤에 10 m m 직경 전체 간격 피부 상처 이전 연구 조사가 있습니다. 심한 당뇨병 상처에 대 한 임상 모델을 개발, 큰 (15 x 10 m m2) 전체 간격 피부 결함 뼈를 노출 하 고는 하지 않고 만들어졌습니다, 앞에서 설명한21, 제 2 형 당뇨병 및 비만 쥐에서.
일반 루이스 쥐의 ASCs에서 쥐 ASC (rASC) 시트는 ASC 시트 allogenic 이식 통해 창조 되었다. 임상 연습에서 궤 양은 당뇨병 환자 자주 전시 통제 높은 혈액 포도 당 수준 및 높은 몸 질량 색인, 이러한 환자에서 지방이 많은 직물을 얻기의 어려움을 증가 하는 이러한 합병증 원인 상처 치유 장애 등 심각한 당뇨 합병증 때문에 헌 식은 가능 하지입니다. 또한, 당뇨병 전시회와 동물에서 ASCs 속성을 변경 하 고 기능22장애인. 따라서, 여기에 제시 된 프로토콜 정상 쥐에서 rASC 시트 allogenic 이식 및 당뇨병 쥐에 인공 피부의 응용 프로그램 설명 합니다.
이 프로토콜에서 사용 하는 bilayer 인공 피부 상처의 자발적 수축 방지, 새로운 결합 조직 매트릭스의 합성을 촉진과 진정한 피23를 닮았다. 이 프로토콜에서 인공 피부는 rASC 시트에 배치 하 고 상처 수축 또는 느슨한 쥐 피부에서 발생 하는 확대를 방지 하기 위해 나일론 스레드 고정. 또한, 인공 피부 ASC 시트에 대 한 3 차원 프레임 워크를 제공, 이식 ASC 시트 및 상처, 습 한 환경 유지와 감염과 외부 세력 으로부터 상처를 보호 합니다. 마지막으로, 비 접착 드레싱 외부 충격에서 그것을 보호, 촉촉한 상처 환경을 유지 및 흡수 exudate 상처 위에 배치 됩니다.
RASC 시트, 유연한, 얇고 변형 이며 박동 심장24같은 받는 사람 사이트 준수 수 있습니다. 셀-시트 엔지니어링과 다양 한 조직 재건을 위해 사용 되어 치료 효과25,26. 를 생성할 수 있습니다. 임상 치료 잠재력을 전시 하는 ASC 시트의 다양 한 상처 치유 가속 수 있습니다. 또한, ASC 시트, 인공 피부의 사용과 결합의 수용자 이식 다루기 힘든 궤 양이나 화상, 말 초 동맥 질환 또는 교원 질 질병, 관찰 등의 치료에 적용할 수 있습니다 또는 영양 부족은 또는 스테로이드를 사용 하는 환자에 게 관리 될 수 있습니다. 이 방법은 ASCs 이식의 효율성을 증가 시킵니다. 상처 치유에서 쥐 모델 인간의 상처 치유 과정을 닮 고 소형 실험 동물 임상 상태를 모방 하는 심각한 상처 상태를 생성 합니다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="678">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">&#945;-MEM glutamax</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">32571-036</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Carlsbad, CA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fetal bovine serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>Japan Bioserum Co Ltd.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S1650-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Penicillin/streptomycin</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Collagenase A</td>
			<td>Roche Diagnostics</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10 103 578 001</td>
			<td>Mannheim, Germany</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">60-cm2 Primaria tissue culture dish</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>353803</td>
			<td>Franklin Lakes, NJ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Dulbecco&#39;s Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1490-144</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.25% Trypsin-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">25200-056</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">L-ascorbic acid phosphate magnesium salt n-hydrate</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Wako</td>
			<td>013-19641</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">35-mm temperature-responsive culture dish (UpcellTM)</td>
			<td>CellSeed</td>
			<td>NUNC-174904</td>
			<td>Tokyo, Japan</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Microwarm plate (MP-1000)</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Kitazato Science Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1111</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Rodent mechanical ventilator</td>
			<td>Stoelting</td>
			<td>#50206</td>
			<td>Wood Dale, IL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">4% isoflurane</td>
			<td>Pfizer Japan</td>
			<td>114-13340-3</td>
			<td>Tokyo, Japan</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">Artificial skin (Pelnac&#174;)</td>
			<td>Smith &#38; Nephew</td>
			<td>PN-R40060</td>
			<td>&#160;Tokyo, Japan</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">Non-adhesive dressing (Hydrosite plus&#174;)</td>
			<td>Smith &#38; Nephew</td>
			<td align="right">66800679</td>
			<td>Known as Allevyn non-adhessing&#174; in the United State</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">5-0 nylon suture</td>
			<td>Alfresa</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">EP1105NB45-KF2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">20 CELLSTAR TUBES</td>
			<td>greiner bio-one</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">227 261</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">15mL Centrifuge Tube</td>
			<td>Corning Incorporated</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">430791</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:223px;">14 GOLDMAN-FOX PERIOSTEAL</td>
			<td>Hu-Friedy</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P14</td>
			<td>Chicago, IL</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

creation and transplantation of an adipose-derived stem cell (asc) sheet in a diabetic wound-healing model

인공 피부는 임상 연습에 상당한 치료 결과 달성 했다. 그러나, 당뇨병 환자 비능률적된 혈 또는 큰 상처와 상처에 대 한 인공 피부 치료 연장 될 수 있습니다. 세포 기반 치료 당뇨병 궤 양의 치료에 대 한 새로운 기술로 등장 하 고 셀 시트 공학 세포 이식의 효능을 향상 했다. 보고서의 수는 지방 유래 줄기 세포 (ASCs), 중간 엽 기질 세포 (MSC), 유형의 지방 조직 및 다른 조직에서 MSCs에 비교 될 때 컬렉션에 대 한 그들의 접근에서 그들의 관계 되는 풍부 때문에 치료 잠재력을 전시 하는 건의 했다. 따라서, ASCs 치료 용 줄기 세포의 좋은 원천이 될 나타납니다. 이 연구에서는 일반 루이스 쥐의 epididymal 지방 지방에서 ASC 시트 온도 응답 문화 요리와 의약품을 포함 하는 일반 문화 매체를 사용 하 여 성공적으로 창조 되었다. ASC 시트 커 당뇨병 지방산 (ZDF) 쥐에 이식 했다의 저하는 비만 2 형 당뇨병 쥐 모델 상처 치유. 상처 후부 두개골 표면에 만들어진, ASC 시트는 상처에 이식 했다 그리고 bilayer 인공 피부는 시트 커버를 사용 되었다. 받은 ASC 시트에서 쥐에서 쥐 ASC 시트 이식 없이 보다 치유 상처 더 했다. ASC 시트는 습 한 상처 환경 유지 보수를 필요로 건조 조건에 과민 하기 때문에이 접근은 제한 되었다. 따라서, 인공 피부 건조를 방지 하는 ASC 시트 커버를 사용 되었다. 인공 피부와 함께에서 ASC 시트 allogenic 이식 또한 다른 다루기 힘든 궤 양이나 화상, 말 초 동맥 질환 및 교원 질 질병, 관찰 등을 적용할 수 있습니다 그리고는 영양 또는 스테로이드를 사용 하는 환자에 게 관리 될 수 있습니다. 따라서,이 치료는 당뇨병 상처 치유에 대 한 치료 옵션을 개선 향한 첫 번째 단계를 수 있습니다.

이 프로토콜 다루기 힘든 당뇨병 상처에 대 한 새로운 세포 기반 치료를 설정 하려고 했습니다. ( 그림 1에서 그림)로 짧게 수용자 rASC 시트 셀 시트 엔지니어링을 사용 하 여 정상적인 쥐에서 만들어진 하 고 전체 간격 피부 결함에 인공 피부의 bilayer를 사용 하 여 당뇨병 쥐에 이식 했다. 가벼운 현미경의 이미지 rASC 시트 (그림 2A)의 좋은 본보기와 ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Creation and Transplantation of an Adipose-derived Stem Cell ASC Sheet in a Diabetic Wound-healing Model at JoVE.com

Creation and Transplantation of an Adipose-derived Stem Cell ASC Sheet in a Diabetic Wound-healing Model

지방 유래 줄기 세포 (ASCs) 쉽게 격리 하 고 정상 쥐의 지방에서 수확. ASC 시트 셀 시트 엔지니어링을 사용 하 여 만들 수 있습니다 하 고 주 커 전체 두께 전시 하는 당뇨 지방 쥐 결함 노출 된 뼈와 피부와 다음 인공 피부의 bilayer 덮여에 이식 될 수 있다.

생성 및 당뇨병 치유 하는 부상을 모델에서 줄기 세포 지방이 많은 파생 (ASC) 시트의 이식

Artificial skin has achieved considerable therapeutic results in clinical practice. However, artificial skin treatments for wounds in diabetic patients ...

creation-transplantation-an-adipose-derived-stem-cell-asc-sheet

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Creation and Transplantation of an Adipose-derived Stem Cell (ASC) Sheet in a Diabetic Wound-healing Model

11.3K 조회수.  Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine. 지방 유래 줄기 세포 (ASCs) 쉽게 격리 하 고 정상 쥐의 지방에서 수확. ASC 시트 셀 시트 엔지니어링을 사용 하 여 만들 수 있습니다 하 고 주 커 전체 두께 전시 하는 당뇨 지방 쥐 결함 노출 된 뼈와 피부와 다음 인공 피부의 bilayer 덮여에 이식 될 수 있다.

비디오: Creation and Transplantation of an Adipose-derived Stem Cell ASC Sheet in a Diabetic Wound-healing Model

Orthotopic Aortic Transplantation: A Rat Model to Study the Development of Chronic Vasculopathy

Research models of chronic rejection are essential to investigate pathobiological and pathophysiological processes during the development of transplant vasculopathy (TVP).
The commonly used animal model for cardiovascular chronic rejection studies is the heterotopic heart transplant model performed in laboratory rodents. This model is used widely in experiments since Ono and Lindsey (3) published their technique. To analyze the findings in the blood vessels, the heart has to be sectioned and all vessels have to be measured.
Another method to investigate chronic rejection in cardiovascular questionings is the aortic transplant model (1, 2). In the orthotopic aortic transplant model, the aorta can easily be histologically evaluated (2). The PVG-to-ACI model is especially useful for CAV studies, since acute vascular rejection is not a major confounding factor and Cyclosporin A (CsA) treatment does not prevent the development of CAV, similar to what we find in the clinical setting (4). A7-day period of CsA is required in this model to prevent acute rejection and to achieve long-term survival with the development of TVP.
This model can also be used to investigate acute cellular rejection and media necrosis in xenogeneic models (5).

This video demonstrates the orthotopic aortic transplant model as a simple model to study the development of transplant vasculopathy (TVP) in rats.

Orthotopic 대동맥 이식 : 만성 Vasculopathy의 개발 연구에 생쥐 모델

Research models of chronic rejection are essential to investigate pathobiological and pathophysiological processes during the development of transplant ...

연구

의학

A Mouse Model of in Utero Transplantation

The transplantation of stem cells and viruses in utero has tremendous potential for treating congenital disorders in the human fetus. For example, in utero transplantation (IUT) of hematopoietic stem cells has been used to successfully treat patients with severe combined immunodeficiency.1,2 In several other conditions, however, IUT has been attempted without success.3 Given these mixed results, the availability of an efficient non-human model to study the biological sequelae of stem cell transplantation and gene therapy is critical to advance this field. We and others have used the mouse model of IUT to study factors affecting successful engraftment of in utero transplanted hematopoietic stem cells in both wild-type mice4-7 and those with genetic diseases.8,9 The fetal environment also offers considerable advantages for the success of in utero gene therapy. For example, the delivery of adenoviral10, adeno-associated viral10, retroviral11, and lentiviral vectors12,13 into the fetus has resulted in the transduction of multiple organs distant from the site of injection with long-term gene expression. in utero gene therapy may therefore be considered as a possible treatment strategy for single gene disorders such as muscular dystrophy or cystic fibrosis. Another potential advantage of IUT is the ability to induce immune tolerance to a specific antigen. As seen in mice with hemophilia, the introduction of Factor IX early in development results in tolerance to this protein.14 
In addition to its use in investigating potential human therapies, the mouse model of IUT can be a powerful tool to study basic questions in developmental and stem cell biology. For example, one can deliver various small molecules to induce or inhibit specific gene expression at defined gestational stages and manipulate developmental pathways. The impact of these alterations can be assessed at various timepoints after the initial transplantation. Furthermore, one can transplant pluripotent or lineage specific progenitor cells into the fetal environment to study stem cell differentiation in a non-irradiated and unperturbed host environment.
The mouse model of IUT has already provided numerous insights within the fields of immunology, and developmental and stem cell biology. In this video-based protocol, we describe a step-by-step approach to performing IUT in mouse fetuses and outline the critical steps and potential pitfalls of this technique.

A Mouse Model of in Utero Transplantation

The mouse model of in utero transplantation is a versatile tool that can be used to study the potential clinical applications of stem cell transplantation and gene therapy in the fetus. In this protocol, we present a general approach to performing this technique

의 마우스 모델 Utero에 이식

The transplantation of stem cells and viruses in utero has tremendous potential for treating congenital disorders in the human fetus.  For example, in ...

Stem Cell Transplantation in an in vitro Simulated Ischemia/Reperfusion Model

Stem cell transplantation protocols are finding their way into clinical practice1,2,3. Getting better results, making the protocols more robust, and finding new sources for implantable cells are the focus of recent research4,5. Investigating the effectiveness of cell therapies is not an easy task and new tools are needed to investigate the mechanisms involved in the treatment process6. We designed an experimental protocol of ischemia/reperfusion in order to allow the observation of cellular connections and even subcellular mechanisms during ischemia/reperfusion injury and after stem cell transplantation and to evaluate the efficacy of cell therapy. H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells were placed onto cell culture plates7,8. Ischemia was simulated with 150 minutes in a glucose free medium with oxygen level below 0.5%. Then, normal media and oxygen levels were reintroduced to simulate reperfusion. After oxygen glucose deprivation, the damaged cells were treated with transplantation of labeled human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells by adding them to the culture. Mesenchymal stem cells are preferred in clinical trials because they are easily accessible with minimal invasive surgery, easily expandable and autologous. After 24 hours of co-cultivation, cells were stained with calcein and ethidium-homodimer to differentiate between live and dead cells. This setup allowed us to investigate the intercellular connections using confocal fluorescent microscopy and to quantify the survival rate of postischemic cells by flow cytometry. Confocal microscopy showed the interactions of the two cell populations such as cell fusion and formation of intercellular nanotubes. Flow cytometry analysis revealed 3 clusters of damaged cells which can be plotted on a graph and analyzed statistically. These populations can be investigated separately and conclusions can be drawn on these data on the effectiveness of the simulated therapeutical approach.

Stem Cell Transplantation in an in vitro Simulated Ischemia/Reperfusion Model

We demonstrate how to set up an in vitro ischemia/reperfusion model and how to evaluate the effect of stem cell therapy on postischemic cardiac cells.

에서 간세포 이식 체외에서 시뮬레이션 국소 빈혈 / Reperfusion 모델

Stem cell transplantation protocols are finding their way into clinical practice1,2,3. Getting better results, making the protocols more robust, and ...

Using Quantitative Real-time PCR to Determine Donor Cell Engraftment in a Competitive Murine Bone Marrow Transplantation Model

Murine bone marrow transplantation models provide an important tool in measuring hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) functions and determining genes/molecules that regulate HSCs. In these transplant model systems, the function of HSCs is determined by the ability of these cells to engraft and reconstitute lethally irradiated recipient mice. Commonly, the donor cell contribution/engraftment is measured by antibodies to donor- specific cell surface proteins using flow cytometry. However, this method heavily depends on the specificity and the ability of the cell surface marker to differentiate donor-derived cells from recipient-originated cells, which may not be available for all mouse strains. Considering the various backgrounds of genetically modified mouse strains in the market, this cell surface/ flow cytometry-based method has significant limitations especially in mouse strains that lack well-defined surface markers to separate donor cells from congenic recipient cells. Here, we reported a PCR-based technique to determine donor cell engraftment/contribution in transplant recipient mice. We transplanted male donor bone marrow HSCs to lethally irradiated congenic female mice. Peripheral blood samples were collected at different time points post transplantation. Bone marrow samples were obtained at the end of the experiments. Genomic DNA was isolated and the Y chromosome specific gene, Zfy1, was amplified using quantitative Real time PCR. The engraftment of male donor-derived cells in the female recipient mice was calculated against standard curve with known percentage of male vs. female DNAs. Bcl2 was used as a reference gene to normalize the total DNA amount. Our data suggested that this approach reliably determines donor cell engraftment and provides a useful, yet simple method in measuring hematopoietic cell reconstitution in murine bone marrow transplantation models. Our method can be routinely performed in most laboratories because no costly equipment such as flow cytometry is required.

Determining donor cell engraftment presents a challenge in mouse bone marrow transplant models that lack well-defined phenotypical markers. We described a methodology to quantify male donor cell engraftment in female transplant recipient mice. This method can be used in all mouse strains for the study of HSC functions.

경쟁 손쥐 골수 이식 모델에서 기증자 세포 Engraftment를 확인하려면 수량 실시간 PCR을 사용하여

Murine bone marrow transplantation models provide an important tool in measuring hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) functions and determining genes/molecules ...

Murine Model of Wound Healing

Wound healing and repair are the most complex biological processes that occur in human life. After injury, multiple biological pathways become activated. Impaired wound healing, which occurs in diabetic patients for example, can lead to severe unfavorable outcomes such as amputation. There is, therefore, an increasing impetus to develop novel agents that promote wound repair. The testing of these has been limited to large animal models such as swine, which are often impractical. Mice represent the ideal preclinical model, as they are economical and amenable to genetic manipulation, which allows for mechanistic investigation. However, wound healing in a mouse is fundamentally different to that of humans as it primarily occurs via contraction. Our murine model overcomes this by incorporating a splint around the wound. By splinting the wound, the repair process is then dependent on epithelialization, cellular proliferation and angiogenesis, which closely mirror the biological processes of human wound healing. Whilst requiring consistency and care, this murine model does not involve complicated surgical techniques and allows for the robust testing of promising agents that may, for example, promote angiogenesis or inhibit inflammation. Furthermore, each mouse acts as its own control as two wounds are prepared, enabling the application of both the test compound and the vehicle control on the same animal. In conclusion, we demonstrate a practical, easy-to-learn, and robust model of wound healing, which is comparable to that of humans.

A murine model of cutaneous wound healing that can be used to assess therapeutic compounds in physiological and pathophysiological settings.

상처 치유의 생쥐 모델

Wound healing and repair are the most complex biological processes that occur in human life. After injury, multiple biological pathways become activated. ...

Transplantation of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cell Sheet to Reduce Leakage After Partial Colectomy in A Rat Model

Anastomotic leakage is a disastrous complication after colorectal surgery. Although current methods for leakage prevention have different levels of clinical efficacy, they are until now imperfect solutions. Stem cell therapy using ASC sheets could provide a solution to this problem. ASCs are considered as promising candidates for promoting tissue healing because of their trophic and immunomodulatory properties. Here, we provide methods to produce high-density ASC sheets, that are transplanted onto a colorectal anastomosis in a rat model to reduce the leakage. ASCs formed cell sheets in thermo-responsive culture dishes that could be easily detached. On the day of the transplantation, a partial colectomy with a 5-suture colorectal anastomosis was performed. Animals were immediately transplanted with 1 ASC sheet per rat. ASC sheets adhered spontaneously to the anastomosis without any glue, suture, or any biomaterial. Animal groups were sacrificed 3 and 7 days postoperatively. Compared to transplanted animals, the incidence of anastomotic abscesses and leakage was higher in control animals. In our model, the transplantation of ASC sheets after colorectal anastomosis was successful and associated with a lower leakage rate.

The preparation and transplantation of adipose tissue derived stem cell (ASC) sheets onto insufficiently sutured colorectal anastomoses in a rat model is presented. This novel application shows that ASC sheets can reduce colorectal anastomosis leakage.

쥐 모델에 부분 Colectomy 후 누설을 줄이기 위해 지방 조직 유래 줄기 세포의 이식

Anastomotic leakage is a disastrous complication after colorectal surgery. Although current methods for leakage prevention have different levels of ...

Corneal Epithelial Abrasion with Ocular Burr As a Model for Cornea Wound Healing

The murine cornea provides an excellent model to study wound healing. The cornea is the outermost layer of the eye, and thus is the first defense to injury. In fact, the most common type of eye injury found in clinic is a corneal abrasion. Here, we utilize an ocular burr to induce an abrasion resulting in removal of the corneal epithelium in vivo on anesthetized mice. This method allows for targeted and reproducible epithelial disruption, leaving other areas intact. In addition, we describe the visualization of the abraded epithelium with fluorescein staining and provide concrete advice on how to visualize the abraded cornea. Then, we follow the timeline of wound healing 0, 18, and 72 h after abrasion, until the wound is re-epithelialized. The epithelial abrasion model of corneal injury is ideal for studies on epithelial cell proliferation, migration and re-epithelialization of the corneal layers. However, this method is not optimal to study stromal activation during wound healing, because the ocular burr does not penetrate to the stromal cell layers. This method is also suitable for clinical applications, for example, pre-clinical test of drug effectiveness.

This protocol describes a method to inflict an abrasion to the ocular surface of the mouse, and to follow the wound healing process thereafter. The protocol takes advantage of an ocular burr to partially remove the surface epithelium of the eye in anaesthetized mice.

각 막에 대 한 모델로 눈 버와 각 막 상피 마모 상처 치유

The murine cornea provides an excellent model to study wound healing. The cornea is the outermost layer of the eye, and thus is the first defense to ...

Ex Vivo Corneal Organ Culture Model for Wound Healing Studies

The cornea has been used extensively as a model system to study wound healing. The ability to generate and utilize primary mammalian cells in two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) culture has generated a wealth of information not only about corneal biology but also about wound healing, myofibroblast biology, and scarring in general. The goal of the protocol is an assay system for quantifying myofibroblast development, which characterizes scarring. We demonstrate a corneal organ culture ex vivo model using pig eyes. In this anterior keratectomy wound, corneas still in the globe are wounded with a circular blade called a trephine. A plug of approximately 1/3 of the anterior cornea is removed including the epithelium, the basement membrane, and the anterior part of the stroma. After wounding, corneas are cut from the globe, mounted on a collagen/agar base, and cultured for two weeks in supplemented-serum free medium with stabilized vitamin C to augment cell proliferation and extracellular matrix secretion by resident fibroblasts. Activation of myofibroblasts in the anterior stroma is evident in the healed cornea. This model can be used to assay wound closure, the development of myofibroblasts and fibrotic markers, and for toxicology studies. In addition, the effects of small molecule inhibitors as well as lipid-mediated siRNA transfection for gene knockdown can be tested in this system.

A protocol for an ex vivo corneal organ culture model useful for wound healing studies is described. This model system can be used to assess the effects of agents to promote regenerative healing or drug toxicity in an organized 3D multicellular environment.

Ex Vivo 막 기관 문화 모델에 대 한 상처 치유 연구

The cornea has been used extensively as a model system to study wound healing. The ability to generate and utilize primary mammalian cells in two ...

Targeting Gray Rami Communicantes in Selective Chemical Lumbar Sympathectomy

Chemical lumbar sympathectomy (CLS) is a commonly used, minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of conditions including ischemic diseases of the lower extremities, hyperhidrosis, etc. It is commonly practiced to position the puncture needle tip in front of the anterior fascia of the psoas major muscle and inject the inactivating agent around the sympathetic trunk, which is defined as conventional CLS. Although relatively rare, ureteropelvic damage is the most frequently reported complication of conventional CLS and can cause serious harm to patients. We found that injecting the inactivating agent behind the anterior fascia, which only targets gray rami communicantes, helped achieve therapeutic efficacy in&#160;vasodilation, sweat reduction, and pain relief comparable to conventional CLS, and serious complications were largely reduced. We define this procedure as selective CLS. Here, we present a protocol of selective CLS. The precise needle tract and accurate evaluation of the spreading of the contrast agent are critical to ensure that the drug is injected behind the anterior fascia of the psoas major muscle. The needle tip is at approximately one-third the dividing line of the vertebral body in the lateral view of a lumbar X-ray. The contrast is mainly confined around the needle tip and spreads outward and downward along the psoas muscle fibers. In this way, the anterior fascia provides a natural barrier for the ureteropelvic area, and the psoas major muscle provides a natural barrier for the lumbar nerve root. There are several highlights of this article, including 1) a detailed description of the selective CLS procedures, 2) an explanation of the anatomical basis for the implementation of selective CLS, and 3) an explanation of the differences between selective and conventional CLS.

We present a protocol for selective chemical lumbar sympathectomy (CLS), which inactivates only gray rami communicantes and not the sympathetic trunk. Selective CLS can help achieve therapeutic efficacy in vasodilation, sweat reduction, and pain relief that are comparable to conventional CLS, and serious complications, particularly ureteropelvic damages, can be reduced.

선택적 화학 요 추 신경 절제술의 대상 회색 라미 Communicantes

Chemical lumbar sympathectomy (CLS) is a commonly used, minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of conditions including ischemic diseases of the ...

An Ex Vivo Tissue Culture Model for Fibrovascular Complications in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes and one of the leading causes of blindness in working-age adults. No current animal models of diabetes and oxygen-induced retinopathy develop the full-range progressive changes manifested in human proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Therefore, understanding of the disease pathogenesis and pathophysiology has relied largely on the use of histological sections and vitreous samples in approaches that only provide steady-state information on the involved pathogenic factors. Increasing evidence indicates that dynamic cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions in the context of three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments are essential for the mechanistic and functional studies towards the development of new treatment strategies. Therefore, we hypothesized that the pathological fibrovascular tissue surgically excised from eyes with PDR could be utilized to reliably unravel the cellular and molecular mechanisms of this devastating disease and to test the potential for novel clinical interventions. Towards this end, we developed a novel method for 3D ex vivo culture of surgically-excised patient-derived fibrovascular tissue (FT), which will serve as a relevant model of human PDR pathophysiology. The FTs are dissected into explants and embedded in fibrin matrix for ex vivo culture and 3D characterization. Whole-mount immunofluorescence of the native FTs and end-point cultures allows thorough investigation of tissue composition and multicellular processes, highlighting the importance of 3D tissue-level characterization for uncovering relevant features of PDR pathophysiology. This model will allow the simultaneous assessment of molecular mechanisms, cellular/tissue processes and treatment responses in the complex context of dynamic biochemical and physical interactions within the PDR tissue architecture and microenvironment. Since this model recapitulates PDR pathophysiology, it will also be amenable for testing or developing new treatments.

Here, we present a protocol to study the pathophysiology of proliferative diabetic retinopathy by using patient-derived, surgically-excised, fibrovascular tissues for three-dimensional native tissue characterization and ex vivo culture. This ex vivo culture model is also amenable for testing or developing new treatments.

증식 성 당뇨 망막 증에 Fibrovascular 합병증에 대 한 전 비보 조직 문화 모델

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes and one of the leading causes of blindness in working-age adults. No ...