We would like to thank the Division of Engineering, Mayo Clinic for their technical support. This study was financially supported by European Regional Development Fund - FNUSA-ICRC (No. CZ.1.05/1.100/02.0123), National Institutes of Health (T32 HL007111), American Heart Association Scientist Development Grant (AHA #06-35185N), and The Grainger Innovation Fund - Grainger Foundation.

맨드릴 수집기에 폴리 우레탄 1. 전기 방사 <ol><li> 전기 방사를위한 맨드릴 준비 <ol><li> 눈금 실린더에 생체 적합성, 식품 등급 수용성 지지체 물질의 약 8 ㎖에 녹여 (약 9mm 직경 110mm 깊이)을 오븐을 이용하여 155 ℃에서. </li><li> 맨드릴의 표면에 지지체 물질의 코팅을 얻기 위해 3 밀리미터 직경이 100 mm 인 스테인리스 강 맨드릴 담근다. 침지 전에, 용융 된 지지체 물질로 표면을 적시에 도움이 맨드릴 표면의 온도를 높이기 위해 약 15 분 동안 155 ℃에서 오븐에 배치 맨드릴. </li><li> 용융 된 지지체 물질은 맨드릴 표면에 균일 한 박막 코팅을 형성하면서 고화 침지 맨드릴은 약 140 ° C로 냉각하자. 중력 오프 적하 초과 지지체 물질이 발생되도록 냉각 과정 수직 맨드릴 걸어. 이 코팅은 쉽게 할 수 있습니다맨드릴에서 완성 된 스텐트 - 그라프의 제거. </li></ol></li><li> 전기 방사 장치의 맨드릴 수집기 설치 (도 1에 도시 된 바와 같이) <ol><li> 수평 실험실 믹서를 맞추고 흄 후드 내부의 반대 끝에 스테인리스 굴대를 개최 플라스틱 막대를 연결합니다. </li><li> 맨드릴의 단부에 플라스틱지지로드를 수용하기 위해 물에 맨드릴의 선단을 침지하여 맨드릴의 끝에서, 지지체 물질을 녹인다. 맨드릴 수집기 균일 회전을 돕기 위해 상기 맨드릴의 자유 단부의 플라스틱지지로드를 지원한다. </li><li> 스테인레스 스틸 심봉을 확보하고 전기 방사시 미끄러짐 방지하기 위해 플라스틱지지로드에 세트 나사를 사용합니다. </li><li> 스테인리스 강 맨드릴에 U 자형 접지선을 연결하여 맨드릴 수집기 정전기. 맨드릴의 측면에 접지선을 유지하도록 고무 O 링을 사용한다. </li></ol></li><li> Setti전기 방사 장치의 액체 폴리 우레탄 압출 시스템을 ng를 <ol><li> 15 %를 얻기 위해 25 % (m / v)의 폴리 우레탄 (PU) 원액의 디메틸 아세트 아미드 (DMA)를 혼합 (m / v)의 PU DMA 용액 (예를 들어, 9 ml의 25 % PU 용액에 DMA 6 ml의 추가). 주의! 적절한 개인 보호 장비와 흄 후드 내에서 작업 할 수 있습니다. </li><li> 15 % PU 솔루션 무딘 끝 스테인레스 스틸 바늘 (구금)을 5 ml의 유리 주사기를 입력합니다. </li><li> 주사기 내경에 대하여 0.01 ㎖ / 분으로 압출 주사기 펌프를 프로그래밍. </li><li> 가로 약 20cm 맨드릴 집에서 바늘 끝과 주사기 펌프에 대한 구금과 주사기를 탑재합니다. 전기 아크 발생을 피하기 위해 고무 시트를 사용하여 펌프의 주사기 도전 부에서 주사기를 절연. </li><li> 악어 클립을 사용하여 주사기의 구금으로 고전압 발생기를 연결한다. </li></ol></li><li> 0.01 ml / 분 및 로타의 시린지 펌프를 실행실험실 믹서 느린 속도 (예를 들어, 50 RPM)에서 실행하는 맨드릴을 테. </li><li> 20 kV의 전체 방사 구금과 콜렉터 맨드릴의 전압 차를 적용한다. PU 나노 섬유는 회전 맨드릴에 증착 시작하고 얇은 층은 몇 분 안에 볼 수 있습니다. 흄 후드가 꺼져 배기는 전기 방사 나노 섬유의 손실을 방지하기 위해 닫혀 있는지 확인합니다. </li></ol> 2. 스텐트 - 이식을 전기 방사 <ol><li> (1 단계에서 설명) 2 시간 동안 회전 맨드릴에 Electrospin PU 나노 파이버는 균일 한 튜브를 만들 수 있습니다. </li><li> 베어 메탈 스텐트를 설치하는 실험실 믹서에 연결된 플라스틱 막대에서 맨드릴을 제거합니다. 이전에 용매 가스가 제거되는 잔류을 보장하기 위해 맨드릴을 제거하기 흄 후드 오픈 배기를 켭니다. </li><li> 원하는 위치로 전기 방사 튜브 상에 풍선 확장 스테인레스 스틸 스텐트 (26)을 밀어 넣습니다. 이 SLI 그래서 약간 스텐트를 확장 할 필요가있다전기 방사 튜브를 손상시키지 않고에 추신. </li><li> 스텐트가 단단히 맨드릴의 튜브 재질에 설정하고 슬라이드 정도로 느슨하게되지 않았는지 확인하기 위해 스텐트 크림프. 이것은 또한 내부 및 외부 층의 박리를 방지하는 것을 도울 것이다. </li><li> 스텐트 - 그라프의 외부 층을 전기 방사를위한 실험실 믹서의 플라스틱 막대에 다시 튜브와 스텐트와 맨드릴를 넣습니다. </li><li> 1 단계에서 설명 된 바와 같이 3 시간 동안 Electrospin 나노 섬유는 스텐트 - 그라프의 외부 층을 제조한다. </li><li> 나중에 외부를 전기 방사 한 후, 원주 PU 소재를 메스를 이용하여 스텐트의 끝에서 약 1mm를 잘라. </li><li> 맨드릴에서 스텐트 - 이식을 출시 할 예정 맨드릴에서지지 물질을 용해 탈 이온수에 스텐트 - 그라프와 맨드릴을 만끽 해보세요. 완전히 지지체 물질을 용해시키기 위해 필요에 따라 신선한 물로 교체. </li><li> 지지체 물질이 용해되면 부드럽게 t에서 스텐트 - 그래프트를 제거그는 맨드릴 및 건조 할 수 있습니다. 건조 공기를 허용하기 전에 남아있는지지 물질을 용해 탈 이온수에서 제거 된 스텐트 - 이식을 몸으로 고려한다. </li></ol> 제조 스텐트 - 이식 3. 테스트 <ol><li> 3 밀리미터 3 중 풍선 스텐트 - 이식을 밀어 넣습니다. </li><li> 도구를 압착 개최 손을 사용하여 풍선에 스텐트 - 이식 크림프. </li><li> 균일 한 압착 인해 스텐트 변형 커버 재료의 박리 또는 펑크 등 고장의 징후에 대한 현미경을 사용하여 압착 스텐트 - 이식을 검사합니다. </li><li> 인플레이션 장치와 물로 3 중 풍선을 가압하여 3mm의 설계 직경의 스텐트 - 이식을 확장합니다. 다시 말하지만, 균일 한 확장과 실패의 징후에 대한 확장 된 스텐트 - 이식을 확인합니다. </li></ol>

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저자는 더 경쟁 재정적 이해 관계가 없음을 선언합니다.

We have developed a fabrication technique for a small caliber stent-graft which can be deployed using a standard percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedure. Stent-grafts currently available are limited in their ability to maintain a low profile and flexibility for deployment. Bare metal stents developed by our group in our previous studies have proven to assist in rapid healing of the stented artery24,26. Various polymers have been electrospun by other groups and polyurethane has been proven biostable ...

관상 동맥 중재 절차에 의한 플라크와 용기 벽의 파괴에 중요한 혈관 벽의 부상을 입을 수 있습니다. 이것은 관상 동맥 내강 1-4의 재 협착, 정맥 이식 말초 색전증 및 단절을 초래한다. 이러한 합병증을 방지하기 위해 유망 전략은 잠재적으로, 재 협착을 억제하는 혈관 내강의 불연속에서 위험을 완화하고, 주변 색전증을 방지 할 혈관 성형술 사이트에있는 혈관 표면을 커버하는 것입니다. 이전 연구는 스텐트 - 이식 5 긍정적 인 결과와-이식을 스텐트 베어 메탈 스텐트를 비교했다. 연구자들은 스텐트를 충당하기 위해 멤브레인을 제조하는 여러 가지 재료를 사용하고 있습니다. 이것은 폴리에틸렌 tetraphthalate (PET), 폴리 테트라 플루오로 에틸렌 (PTFE), 폴리 우레탄 (PU), 실리콘 또는 피복 스텐트 6-9를 제조하는자가 혈관 조직 등 합성 재료를 포함한다. 스텐트를 피복하는 데 이상적인 그래프트 재료는 비 biodegr, thromboresistant되어야adable, 과도한 증식과 염증 (10)없이 기본 조직과 통합해야합니다. 스텐트를 피복하는 데 사용되는 그래프트 재료는 스텐트 - 그래프트의 치유를 촉진한다. 스텐트 - 이식 널리 대동맥 축착, 경동맥의 의사 동맥류, 동정맥루의 치료에 사용되는, 이식 정맥 퇴화, 거대한 대뇌 동맥류에 큰. 그러나 작은 구경 스텐트 - 이식의 발전은 스텐트 - 이식 11 ~ 14의 배치에 에이즈 낮은 프로파일과 유연성을 유지하는 능력에 의해 제한된다. PU는 낮은 프로파일 및 우수한 유연성 (15, 16)을 달성하기위한 바람직한 특성 인 우수한 기계적 강도를 갖는 탄성 중합체이다. 좋은 배달 가능성을 가진뿐만 아니라, 스텐트 - 이식은 빠른 치유와 내피 세포 형성을 촉진한다. PU는 스텐트 - 이식 더 나은 생체 적합성을 입증하고 내피 세포 형성 (17)을 강화했다 덮여있다. 연구진은이이전 PU는 내피 세포 (17)를 파종하여 스텐트 - 이식 덮여 endothelialize했습니다. 나노 섬유 매트릭스를 생성하는 전기 방사 PU의 혈관의 생성은 18, 19을 접목하는 중요한 기술이 될 것으로 밝혀졌다. 원시 세포 외 기질의 구조를 모방하는 나노 섬유의 존재는 또한 내피 세포 증식 (20, 21)를 촉진하는 것으로 알려져있다. 전기 방사는 재료 (22)의 두께를 제어 할 수 있습니다. PU 이루어지는 소 구경 혈관 이식편은 표면 코팅, 항 응집제 및 세포 증식 억제제와 같은 변형을 사용하여 치료를 촉진하기 위해 연구되어왔다. 이러한 모든 수정은 호스트 수용을 중재 및 이식 치료 (23)을 촉진하기 위해 설계되었습니다. 우리 그룹은 동물 모델 24-26 배포 할 수 있습니다 풍선 확장 베어 메탈 스텐트를 개발했다. 전기 방사 우레탄 메쉬와 공의 조합지운 확장 스텐트는 작은 구경의 풍선 확장형 스텐트 - 이식을 생성 할 수있게되었습니다. 현재 사용 가능한 스텐트 이식의 대부분은 중재 절차 중 대퇴부 동맥을 통해 도입되어 있지만, 몇 상업적 피복 스텐트는 비 - 팽창기구 (27)에 필요한 것보다 더 큰 일 프랑스어 크기를 도입 할 수있다. 본 연구에서 우리는 경피적 중재 절차 표준 8-9 프랑스어 안내 카테터를 사용하여 관상 동맥에 전달 될 수있는 전기 방사 PU의 두 층 사이의 벌룬 확장형 스텐트 캡슐화 작은 구경 혈관 스텐트 - 그래프트를 개발했다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="986">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Glass syringe</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Air Tite</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">7.140-33</td>
			<td style="width:457px;">Syringe for spinneret</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Graduated cylinder 5 mL</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">08-552-4G</td>
			<td>5 mL pyrex graduated cylinder about 9mm diameter and 11 cm long</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:240px;">High voltage generator</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Bertan Accociates, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">205A-30P</td>
			<td>Used to apply voltage difference across spinneret and collector</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Laboratory mixer with rpm control</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Scilogex</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">SCI-84010201</td>
			<td>Available from various laboratory equipment suppliers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Polyurethane</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">DSM</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">BioSpan SPU</td>
			<td>Biospan Segmented Polyurethane</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Rubber sheet</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">McMaster Carr</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">1370N11</td>
			<td>Used to insulate syringe during electrospinning</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Stainless steel mandrel</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Manufactured&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Stainless steel needle</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Hamilton</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">91018</td>
			<td>Used as spinneret in electrospinning</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Support material</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">EnvisionTec</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">B04-HT-DEMOMAT</td>
			<td>Biocompatible water soluble material</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Syringe Pump</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">55-3333</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

fabrication of small caliber stent-grafts using electrospinning and balloon expandable bare metal stents

Stent-grafts are widely used for the treatment of various conditions such as aortic lesions, aneurysms, emboli due to coronary intervention procedures and perforations in vasculature. Such stent-grafts are manufactured by covering a stent with a polymer membrane. An ideal stent-graft should have a biocompatible stent covered by a porous, thromboresistant, and biocompatible polymer membrane which mimics the extracellular matrix thereby promoting injury site healing. The goal of this protocol is to manufacture a small caliber stent-graft by encapsulating a balloon expandable stent within two layers of electrospun polyurethane nanofibers. Electrospinning of polyurethane has been shown to assist in healing by mimicking native extracellular matrix, thereby promoting endothelialization. Electrospinning polyurethane nanofibers on a slowly rotating mandrel enabled us to precisely control the thickness of the nanofibrous membrane, which is essential to achieve a small caliber balloon expandable stent-graft. Mechanical validation by crimping and expansion of the stent-graft has shown that the nanofibrous polyurethane membrane is sufficiently flexible to crimp and expand while staying patent without showing any signs of tearing or delamination. Furthermore, stent-grafts fabricated using the methods described here are capable of being implanted using a coronary intervention procedure using standard size guide catheters.

<html> 우리 electrospinner 설정 (그림 1)는 고품질의 폴리 우레탄 나노 섬유 (그림 2) 가져왔다. 스텐트 - 그래프트는 (도 3), 맨드릴 상에, 폴리 우레탄의 내층을 전기 방사이 층 위에 노출 된 금속 스텐트 슬립, 폴리 우레탄의 제 2 외측 층을 전기 방사에 의해 제조된다. 우레탄 나노 파이버는 100 ㎛, 내층 및 스텐트 이식 150 ㎛, 외층 결과 50㎛의 / 시간의 속도로 전기 ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication of Small Caliber Stent-grafts Using Electrospinning and Balloon Expandable Bare Metal Stents at JoVE.com

Fabrication of Small Caliber Stent-grafts Using Electrospinning and Balloon Expandable Bare Metal Stents

In the protocol, we present a method to manufacture a small caliber stent-graft by sandwiching a balloon expandable stent between two electrospun nanofibrous polyurethane layers.

전기 방사 및 풍선 확장 베어 메탈 스텐트를 사용하여 작은 구경 스텐트 - 이식의 제작

Stent-grafts are widely used for the treatment of various conditions such as aortic lesions, aneurysms, emboli due to coronary intervention procedures and ...

fabrication-small-caliber-stent-grafts-using-electrospinning-balloon

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

8.8K 조회수.  Mayo Clinic. In the protocol, we present a method to manufacture a small caliber stent-graft by sandwiching a balloon expandable stent between two electrospun nanofibrous polyurethane layers.

비디오: Fabrication of Small Caliber Stent-grafts Using Electrospinning and Balloon Expandable Bare Metal Stents

Contrast Enhanced Vessel Imaging using MicroCT

Microscopic computed tomography (microCT) offers high-resolution volumetric imaging of the anatomy of living small animals. However, the contrast between different soft tissues and body fluids is inherently poor in micro-CT images 1. Under these circumstances, visualization of blood vessels becomes a nearly impossible task. To overcome this and to improve the visualization of blood vessels exogenous contrast agents can be used. Herein, we present a methodology for visualizing the vascular network in a rodent model. By using a long-acting aqueous colloidal polydisperse iodinated blood-pool contrast agent, eXIA 160XL, we optimized image acquisition parameters and volume-rendering techniques for finding blood vessels in live animals. Our findings suggest that, to achieve a superior contrast between bone and soft tissue from vessel, multiple-frames (at least 5-8/ frames per view), and 360-720 views (for a full 360&deg; rotation) acquisitions were mandatory. We have also demonstrated the use of a two-dimensional transfer function (where voxel color and opacity was assigned in proportion to CT value and gradient magnitude), in visualizing the anatomy and highlighting the structure of interest, the blood vessel network. This promising work lays a foundation for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of anti-angiogenesis preclinical studies using transgenic or xenograft tumor-bearing mice.

Contrast enhanced small animal vessel imaging by microCT is a rapid, cost-effective and high-throughput technique for serial in situ examination for tumor development, for analyzing the network of blood vessels that nourish them, and for following the response of tumors to preclinical therapeutic intervention(s).

MicroCT를 사용하여 대비 향상된 베셀 영상

Microscopic computed tomography (microCT) offers high-resolution volumetric imaging of the anatomy of living small animals. However, the contrast between ...

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의학

Protocol for Long Duration Whole Body Hyperthermia in Mice

Hyperthermia is a general term used to define the increase in core body temperature above normal. It is often used to describe the increased core body temperature that is observed during fever. The use of hyperthermia as an adjuvant has emerged as a promising procedure for tumor regression in the field of cancer biology. For this purpose, the most important requirement is to have reliable and uniform heating protocols. We have developed a protocol for hyperthermia (whole body) in mice. In this protocol, animals are exposed to cycles of hyperthermia for 90 min followed by a rest period of 15 min. During this period mice have easy access to food and water. High body temperature spikes in the mice during first few hyperthermia exposure cycles are prevented by immobilizing the animal. Additionally, normal saline is administered in first few cycles to minimize the effects of dehydration. This protocol can simulate fever like conditions in mice up to 12-24 hr. We have used 8-12 weeks old BALB/Cj female mice to demonstrate the protocol.

This paper describes a protocol for whole body hyperthermia in mice that can stimulate fever like conditions up to 12-24 hr.

마우스의 긴 기간 온 몸이 고열에 대한 프로토콜

Hyperthermia is a general term used to define the increase in core body temperature above normal. It is often used to describe the increased core body ...

Vascular Balloon Injury and Intraluminal Administration in Rat Carotid Artery

The carotid artery balloon injury model in rats has been well established for over two decades. It remains an important method to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in vascular smooth muscle dedifferentiation, neointima formation and vascular remodeling. Male Sprague-Dawley rats are the most frequently employed animals for this model. Female rats are not preferred as female hormones are protective against vascular diseases and thus introduce a variation into this procedure. The left carotid is typically injured with the right carotid serving as a negative control. Left carotid injury is caused by the inflated balloon that denudes the endothelium and distends the vessel wall. Following injury, potential therapeutic strategies such as the use of pharmacological compounds and either gene or shRNA transfer can be evaluated. Typically for gene or shRNA transfer, the injured section of the vessel lumen is locally transduced for 30 min with viral particles encoding either a protein or shRNA for delivery and expression in the injured vessel wall. Neointimal thickening representing proliferative vascular smooth muscle cells usually peaks at 2 weeks after injury. Vessels are mostly harvested at this time point for cellular and molecular analysis of cell signaling pathways as well as gene and protein expression. Vessels can also be harvested at earlier time points to determine the onset of expression and/or activation of a specific protein or pathway, depending on the experimental aims intended. Vessels can be characterized and evaluated using histological staining, immunohistochemistry, protein/mRNA assays, and activity assays. The intact right carotid artery from the same animal is an ideal internal control. Injury-induced changes in molecular and cellular parameters can be evaluated by comparing the injured artery to the internal right control artery. Likewise, therapeutic modalities can be evaluated by comparing the injured and treated artery to the control injured only artery.

This protocol uses a balloon catheter to cause an intraluminal injury on the rat carotid artery and henceforth elicit neointimal hyperplasia. This is a well-established model for studying the mechanisms of vascular remodeling in response to injury. It is also widely used to determine the validity of potential therapeutic approaches.

쥐 경동맥의 혈관 풍선 부상과 관내 관리

The carotid artery balloon injury model in rats has been well established for over two decades. It remains an important method to study the molecular and ...

A Rat Carotid Balloon Injury Model to Test Anti-vascular Remodeling Therapeutics

The rat carotid balloon injury is a well-established surgical model that has been used to study arterial remodeling and vascular cell proliferation. It is also a valuable model system to test, and to evaluate therapeutics and drugs that negate maladaptive remodeling in the vessel. The injury, or barotrauma, in the vessel lumen caused by an inflated balloon via an inserted catheter induces subsequent neointimal growth, often leading to hyperplasia or thickening of the vessel wall that narrows, or obstructs the lumen. The method described here is sufficiently sensitive, and the results can be obtained in relatively short time (2 weeks after the surgery). The efficacy of the drug or therapeutic against the induced-remodeling can be evaluated either by the post-mortem pathological and histomorphological analysis, or by ultrasound sonography in live animals. In addition, this model system has also been used to determine the therapeutic window or the time course of the administered drug. These studies can leadto the development of a better administrative strategy and a better therapeutic outcome. The procedure described here provides a tool for translational studies that bring drug and therapeutic candidates from bench research to clinical applications.

The rat carotid balloon injury model described below allows researchers to evaluate drugs or therapeutics that negate injury-induced arterial hyperplasia. Detailed pre-surgical preparation, surgical procedure, and post-surgical cares of the animal are described.

생쥐 경동맥 풍선 손상 모델은 반대로 혈관 리모델링의 치료를 테스트하는

The rat carotid balloon injury is a well-established surgical model that has been used to study arterial remodeling and vascular cell proliferation. It is ...

Balloon-based Injury to Induce Myointimal Hyperplasia in the Mouse Abdominal Aorta

The use of animal models is essential for a better understanding of MH, one major cause for arterial stenosis.In this article, we demonstrate a murine balloon denudation model, which is comparable with established vessel injury models in large animals. The aorta denudation model with balloon catheters mimics the clinical setting and leads to comparable pathobiological and physiological changes. Briefly, after performing a horizontal incision in the aorta abdominalis, a balloon catheter will be inserted into the vessel, inflated, and introduced retrogradely. Inflation of the balloon will lead to intima injury and overdistension of the vessel. After removing the catheter, the aortic incision will be closed with single stiches. The model shown in this article is reproducible, easy to perform, and can be established quickly and reliably. It is especially suitable for evaluating expensive experimental therapeutic agents, which can be applied in an economical fashion. By using different knockout-mouse strains, the impact of different genes on MH development can be assessed.

This article demonstrates a murine model to study the development of myointimal hyperplasia (MH) after aortic balloon injury.

풍선-기반 부상 마우스 복 부 대동맥에서 Myointimal 증식을 유도 하

The use of animal models is essential for a better understanding of MH, one major cause for arterial stenosis.In this article, we demonstrate a murine ...

In Vivo Evaluation of Fracture Callus Development During Bone Healing in Mice Using an MRI-compatible Osteosynthesis Device for the Mouse Femur

Endochondral fracture healing is a complex process involving the development of fibrous, cartilaginous, and osseous tissue in the fracture callus. The amount of the different tissues in the callus provides important information on the fracture healing progress. Available in vivo techniques to longitudinally monitor the callus tissue development in preclinical fracture-healing studies using small animals include digital radiography and &#181;CT imaging. However, both techniques are only able to distinguish between mineralized and non-mineralized tissue. Consequently, it is impossible to discriminate cartilage from fibrous tissue. In contrast, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visualizes anatomical structures based on their water content and might therefore be able to noninvasively identify soft tissue and cartilage in the fracture callus. Here, we report the use of an MRI-compatible external fixator for the mouse femur to allow MRI scans during bone regeneration in mice. The experiments demonstrated that the fixator and a custom-made mounting device allow repetitive MRI scans, thus enabling longitudinal analysis of fracture-callus tissue development.

In Vivo Evaluation of Fracture Callus Development During Bone Healing in Mice Using an MRI-compatible Osteosynthesis Device for the Mouse Femur

The evaluation of tissue development in the fracture callus during endochondral bone healing is essential to monitor the healing process. Here, we report the use of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-compatible external fixator for the mouse femur to allow MRI scans during bone regeneration in mice.

Vivo에서 골절 뼈 쥐 마우스 대 퇴 골에 대 한 MRI-호환 Osteosynthesis 장치를 사용 하 여 치료 기간 동안 굳은 살 개발의 평가

Endochondral fracture healing is a complex process involving the development of fibrous, cartilaginous, and osseous tissue in the fracture callus. The ...

Mechanisms Underlying Gut Hormone Secretion Using the Isolated Perfused Rat Small Intestine

The gut is the largest endocrine organ of the body, producing more than 15 different peptide hormones that regulate appetite and food intake, digestion, nutrient absorption and distribution, and post-prandial glucose excursions. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate gut hormone secretion is fundamental for understanding and translating gut hormone physiology. Traditionally, the mechanisms underlying gut hormone secretion are either studied in vivo (in experimental animals or humans) or using gut hormone-secreting primary mucosal cell cultures or cell lines. Here, we introduce an isolated perfused rat small intestine as an alternative method for studying gut hormone secretion. The virtues of this model are that it relies on the intact gut, meaning that it recapitulates most of the physiologically important parameters responsible for the secretion in in vivo studies, including mucosal polarization, paracrine relationships and routes of perfusion/stimulus exposure. In addition, and unlike in vivo studies, the isolated perfused rat small intestine allows for almost complete experimental control and direct assessment of secretion. In contrast to in vitro studies, it is possible to study both the magnitude and the dynamics of secretion and to address important questions, such as what stimuli cause secretion of different gut hormones, from which side of the gut (luminal or vascular) is secretion stimulated, and to analyze in detail molecular sensors underlying the secretory response. In addition, the preparation is a powerful model for the study of intestinal absorption and details regarding the dynamics of intestinal absorption including the responsible transporters.

Here, we present a powerful and physiological model to study the molecular mechanisms underlying gut hormone secretion and intestinal absorption &#8212; the isolated perfused rat small intestine.

창 자 호르몬 분 비는 격리를 사용 하 여 기본 메커니즘 끼얹는다 쥐 소장

The gut is the largest endocrine organ of the body, producing more than 15 different peptide hormones that regulate appetite and food intake, digestion, ...

Implantation of Human-Sized Coronary Stents into Rat Abdominal Aorta Using a Trans-Femoral Access

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), combined with the deployment of a coronary stent, represents the gold standard in interventional treatment of coronary artery disease. In-stent restenosis (ISR) is determined by an excessive proliferation of neointimal tissue within the stent and limits the long-term success of stents. A variety of animal models have been used to elucidate pathophysiological processes underlying in-stent restenosis (ISR), with the porcine coronary and the rabbit iliac artery models being the most frequently used. Murine models provide the advantages of high throughput, ease of handling and housing, reproducibility, and a broad availability of molecular markers. The apolipoprotein E deficient (apoE-/- ) mouse model has been widely used to study cardiovascular diseases. However, stents must be miniaturized to be implanted into mice, involving important changes of their mechanical and (potentially) biological properties. The use of apoE-/- rats can overcome these shortcomings as apoE-/- rats allow for the evaluation of human-sized coronary stents while at the same time providing an atherogenic phenotype. This makes them an excellent and reliable model to investigate ISR after stent implantation. Here, we describe, in detail, the implantation of commercially available human coronary stents into the abdominal aorta of rats with an apoE-/- background using a trans-femoral access.

This protocol describes the implantation of human coronary stents into the abdominal aorta of rats with an apoE-/- background using a trans-femoral access. Compared with other animal models, murine models carry the advantages of high throughput, reproducibility, ease of handling and housing, and a broad availability of molecular markers.

대퇴동맥 접근을 이용한 쥐 복부 대동맥에 인간 크기의 관상 동맥 스텐트를 이식

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), combined with the deployment of a coronary stent, represents the gold standard in interventional treatment of ...

The Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump

Cardiogenic shock remains one of the most challenging clinical syndromes in modern medicine. Mechanical support is being increasingly used in the management of cardiogenic shock. Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) is one of the earliest and most widely used types of mechanical circulatory support. The device acts by external counterpulsation and uses systolic unloading and diastolic augmentation of aortic pressure to improve hemodynamics. Although IABP provides less hemodynamic support when compared with newer mechanical circulatory support devices, it can still be the mechanical support device of choice in appropriate situations because of its relative simplicity of insertion and removal, need for smaller size vascular access and better safety profile. In this review, we discuss the equipment, procedural and technical aspects, hemodynamic effects, indications, evidence, current status and recent advances in the use of IABP in cardiogenic shock.

We describe the steps for the percutaneous implantation of the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), a mechanical circulatory support device. It acts by counterpulsation, inflating at the onset of diastole, augmenting diastolic aortic pressure and improving coronary blood flow and systemic perfusion, and deflating before systole, reducing left ventricular afterload.

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Cardiogenic shock remains one of the most challenging clinical syndromes in modern medicine. Mechanical support is being increasingly used in the ...

Combining 3D-Printing and Electrospinning to Manufacture Biomimetic Heart Valve Leaflets

Electrospinning has become a widely used technique in cardiovascular tissue engineering as it offers the possibility to create (micro-)fibrous scaffolds with adjustable properties. The aim of this study was to create multilayered scaffolds mimicking the architectural fiber characteristics of human heart valve leaflets using conductive 3D-printed collectors.
Models of aortic valve cusps were created using commercial computer-aided design (CAD) software. Conductive polylactic acid was used to fabricate 3D-printed leaflet templates. These cusp negatives were integrated into a specifically designed, rotating electrospinning mandrel. Three layers of polyurethane were spun onto the collector, mimicking the fiber orientation of human heart valves. Surface and fiber structure was assessed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The application of fluorescent dye additionally permitted the microscopic visualization of the multilayered fiber structure. Tensile testing was performed to assess the biomechanical properties of the scaffolds.
3D-printing of essential parts for the electrospinning rig was possible in a short time for a low budget. The aortic valve cusps created following this protocol were three-layered, with a fiber diameter of 4.1 &#177; 1.6 &#181;m. SEM imaging revealed an even distribution of fibers. Fluorescence microscopy revealed individual layers with differently aligned fibers, with each layer precisely reaching the desired fiber configuration. The produced scaffolds showed high tensile strength, especially along the direction of alignment. The printing files for the different collectors are available as Supplemental File 1, Supplemental File 2, Supplemental File 3, Supplemental File 4, and Supplemental File 5.
With a highly specialized setup and workflow protocol, it is possible to mimic tissues with complex fiber structures over multiple layers. Spinning directly on 3D-printed collectors creates considerable flexibility in manufacturing 3D shapes at low production costs.

The presented method offers an innovative way for engineering biomimetic fiber structures in three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds (e.g., heart valve leaflets). 3D-printed, conductive geometries were used to determine shape and dimensions. Fiber orientation and characteristics were individually adjustable for each layer. Multiple samples could be manufactured in one setup.

3D 프린팅과 전기방사를 결합하여 생체모방 심장 판막 전단지 제조

Electrospinning has become a widely used technique in cardiovascular tissue engineering as it offers the possibility to create (micro-)fibrous scaffolds ...