우리 감사 합니다 오이겐 호프만 Philine Zumstein에 그들의 우수한 기술 지원을 텐트 신청 절차에서 자신의 전문성을 공유. 우리 해 부 드로잉 Majlinda Kalanderi 감사합니다.

<ol>
	<li>Molyneux, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=International+Subarachnoid+Aneurysm+Trial+(ISAT)+of+neurosurgical+clipping+versus+endovascular+coiling+in+2143+patients+with+ruptured+intracranial+aneurysms:+a+randomised+trial.">International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) of neurosurgical clipping versus endovascular coiling in 2143 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a randomised trial.</a> Lancet. 360 (9342), 1267-1274 (2002).</li><li>Molyneux, A. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=International+subarachnoid+aneurysm+trial+(ISAT)+of+neurosurgical+clipping+versus+endovascular+coiling+in+2143+patients+with+ruptured+intracranial+aneurysms:+a+randomised+comparison+of+effects+on+survival,+dependency,+seizures,+rebleeding,+subgroups,+and+aneurysm+occlusion.">International subarachnoid aneurysm trial (ISAT) of neurosurgical clipping versus endovascular coiling in 2143 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a randomised comparison of effects on survival, dependency, seizures, rebleeding, subgroups, and aneurysm occlusion.</a> Lancet. 366 (9488), 809-817 (2005).</li><li>Marbacher, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intraluminal+cell+transplantation+prevents+growth+and+rupture+in+a+model+of+rupture-prone+saccular+aneurysms.">Intraluminal cell transplantation prevents growth and rupture in a model of rupture-prone saccular aneurysms.</a> Stroke. 45 (12), 3684-3690 (2014).</li><li>Marbacher, S., Marjamaa, J., Abdelhameed, E., Hernesniemi, J., Niemela, M., Frosen, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Helsinki+rat+microsurgical+sidewall+aneurysm+model.">The Helsinki rat microsurgical sidewall aneurysm model.</a> J Vis Exp. (92), e51071 (2014).</li><li>Marbacher, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Loss+of+mural+cells+leads+to+wall+degeneration,+aneurysm+growth,+and+eventual+rupture+in+a+rat+aneurysm+model.">Loss of mural cells leads to wall degeneration, aneurysm growth, and eventual rupture in a rat aneurysm model.</a> Stroke. 45 (1), 248-254 (2014).</li><li>Pritchett-Corning, K. R., Luo, Y., Mulder, G. B., White, W. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Principles+of+rodent+surgery+for+the+new+surgeon.">Principles of rodent surgery for the new surgeon.</a> J Vis Exp. (47), (2011).</li><li>Bernal, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Guidelines+for+rodent+survival+surgery.">Guidelines for rodent survival surgery.</a> J Invest Surg. 22 (6), 445-451 (2009).</li><li>Flege, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+and+characterization+of+a+coronary+polylactic+acid+stent+prototype+generated+by+selective+laser+melting.">Development and characterization of a coronary polylactic acid stent prototype generated by selective laser melting.</a> J Mater Sci Mater Med. 24 (1), 241-255 (2013).</li><li>Zartner, P., Cesnjevar, R., Singer, H., Weyand, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=First+successful+implantation+of+a+biodegradable+metal+stent+into+the+left+pulmonary+artery+of+a+preterm+baby.">First successful implantation of a biodegradable metal stent into the left pulmonary artery of a preterm baby.</a> Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 66 (4), 590-594 (2005).</li><li>Hakamata, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Green+fluorescent+protein-transgenic+rat:+a+tool+for+organ+transplantation+research.">Green fluorescent protein-transgenic rat: a tool for organ transplantation research.</a> Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 286 (4), 779-785 (2001).</li><li>Bouzeghrane, F., Naggara, O., Kallmes, D. F., Berenstein, A., Raymond, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=International+Consortium+of+Neuroendovascular+C.+In+vivo+experimental+intracranial+aneurysm+models:+a+systematic+review.">International Consortium of Neuroendovascular C. In vivo experimental intracranial aneurysm models: a systematic review.</a> AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 31 (3), 418-423 (2010).</li><li>Aquarius, R., Smits, D., Gounis, M. J., Leenders, W. P., De Vries, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flow+diverter+implantation+in+a+rat+model+of+sidewall+aneurysm:+a+feasibility+study.">Flow diverter implantation in a rat model of sidewall aneurysm: a feasibility study.</a> J Neurointerv Surg. , (2017).</li><li>Indolfi, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+rat+model+of+small+vessel+stenting.">A new rat model of small vessel stenting.</a> Basic Res Cardiol. 95 (3), 179-185 (2000).</li><li>Oyamada, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Trans-iliac+rat+aorta+stenting:+a+novel+high+throughput+preclinical+stent+model+for+restenosis+and+thrombosis.">Trans-iliac rat aorta stenting: a novel high throughput preclinical stent model for restenosis and thrombosis.</a> J Surg Res. 166 (1), e91-e95 (2011).</li><li>Kwon, J. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+bare+metal+stent+and+paclitaxel-eluting+stent+using+a+novel+rat+aorta+stent+model.">Comparison of bare metal stent and paclitaxel-eluting stent using a novel rat aorta stent model.</a> J Vet Sci. 12 (2), 143-149 (2011).</li><li>Rouer, M., Meilhac, O., Delbosc, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+murine+model+of+endovascular+aortic+aneurysm+repair.">A new murine model of endovascular aortic aneurysm repair.</a> J Vis Exp. (77), e50740 (2013).</li><li>Hardhammar, P. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reduction+in+thrombotic+events+with+heparin-coated+Palmaz-Schatz+stents+in+normal+porcine+coronary+arteries.">Reduction in thrombotic events with heparin-coated Palmaz-Schatz stents in normal porcine coronary arteries.</a> Circulation. 93 (3), 423-430 (1996).</li><li>Guerrero, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antioxidant+effects+of+a+single+dose+of+acetylsalicylic+acid+and+salicylic+acid+in+rat+brain+slices+subjected+to+oxygen-glucose+deprivation+in+relation+with+its+antiplatelet+effect.">Antioxidant effects of a single dose of acetylsalicylic acid and salicylic acid in rat brain slices subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation in relation with its antiplatelet effect.</a> Neurosci Lett. 358 (3), 153-156 (2004).</li><li>Niitsu, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Repeat+oral+dosing+of+prasugrel,+a+novel+P2Y12+receptor+inhibitor,+results+in+cumulative+and+potent+antiplatelet+and+antithrombotic+activity+in+several+animal+species.">Repeat oral dosing of prasugrel, a novel P2Y12 receptor inhibitor, results in cumulative and potent antiplatelet and antithrombotic activity in several animal species.</a> Eur J Pharmacol. 579 (1-3), 276-282 (2008).</li><li>Kastrati, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intracoronary+stenting+and+angiographic+results:+strut+thickness+effect+on+restenosis+outcome+(ISAR-STEREO)+trial.">Intracoronary stenting and angiographic results: strut thickness effect on restenosis outcome (ISAR-STEREO) trial.</a> Circulation. 103 (23), 2816-2821 (2001).</li><li>Lowe, H. C., James, B., Khachigian, L. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+model+of+in-stent+restenosis:+rat+aortic+stenting.">A novel model of in-stent restenosis: rat aortic stenting.</a> Heart. 91 (3), 393-395 (2005).</li><li>Finn, A. V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+rat+model+of+carotid+artery+stenting+for+the+understanding+of+restenosis+in+metabolic+diseases.">A novel rat model of carotid artery stenting for the understanding of restenosis in metabolic diseases.</a> J Vasc Res. 39 (5), 414-425 (2002).</li></ol>

이 작품은 연구 위원회, Kantonsspital 아라우, 아라우, 스위스의 연구 기금에 의해 지원 되었다. 생 분해성 마그네슘 스텐 트 Biotronik AG, 혈관 중재, Buelach, 스위스 센터에 의해 공급 되었다. 저자는 전적으로 디자인 제시 연구의 행위에 대 한 책임 고 아무 경쟁 관심사를 선언 합니다.

Bioabsorbable 스텐 트 및 동물 모델 최근 몇 년 동안에서 의학의 일반적인 경향 영구 임 플 란 트 (는 그들의 삶의 나머지 부분에 대 한 환자의 시체에 남아)에서 바이오 흡수 재료에 되었습니다. 마그네슘 stents, 특히, 이미 상당히 심장8,9에 설치 된다. 불행히도이 텐트는 아직 테스트 되지 뇌혈관 질환 같은 다른 응용 프로그램에 대 한. 이런 ?...

때문에 파열된 intracranial 동맥의 거미 막 밑 출혈은 높은 사망 율 및 빈약한 신경학 상 결과 많은 생존자와 연결. 현재 두 가지 일반적인 방법을 IA를 가리고 하: 어느 microsurgical 클리핑 (이 동맥의 요원 노출 필요), 또는 혈관 내 수술 폐색. 좁은 센 IA의 보다 적게 침략 적 혈관 내 수술 코일 치료 (특히 후부 순환을1,2)에서 약간 낮은 병 적 상태와 관련 된 것으로 표시 되었습니다로 혈관 내 수술 치료 옵션이 되고있다는 많은 신경외과 센터의 선호 적임입니다. 수많은 장치 혈관 내 수술 치료의 표시를 확장 하 고 감기 후 아이오와 재발의 주요 한계를 극복 하기 위해 개발 되었습니다. Intracranial 텐트는 특히 그들은 네오-endothelization에 대 한 비 계 역할 및 헤 르 니 아 예방, 코일로 부모 동맥을 보호 하 고 개선 intraluminal intraaneurysmal 혈전 증으로 인 한 이러한 한계를 극복 하기 위해 유망한 혈액 유입의 감소입니다. 저기 저가 동물 모델; 소설 intracranial 스텐 트를 공부 필요 분자와 거시적인 수준.
이 연구의 목적은 빠르고, 안전 하 고, 디자인 하 고 텐트 쥐3,,45에 이미 설립된 saccular 동맥 모델에서 응용 프로그램에 대 한 수술 기법을 표준화. 현재 프로젝트에서 우리는 생 분해성 마그네슘 텐트의 역할 평가.

<table style="border-collapse:collapse;width:510pt" width="680">
	<colgroup>
		<col style="width:220pt" width="293" />
		<col style="width:115pt" width="153" />
		<col span="2" style="width:88pt" width="117" />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20" style="height:15.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="20" style="width:220pt;height:15.0pt" width="293">Medetomidine</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:115pt" width="153"></td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:88pt" width="117"></td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:88pt" width="117">any generic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20" style="height:15.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="20" style="height:15.0pt">Ketamin</td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
			<td class="xl17">any generic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20" style="height:15.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="20" style="height:15.0pt">Buprenorphine</td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
			<td class="xl17">any generic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20" style="height:15.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="20" style="height:15.0pt">Phosphate buffered saline</td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20" style="height:15.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="20" style="height:15.0pt">Sodium dodecyl sulfate (0.1%)</td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20" style="height:15.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="20" style="height:15.0pt">3-0 resorbable suture</td>
			<td class="xl17">Ethicon Inc., USA</td>
			<td class="xl17">VCP428G</td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20" style="height:15.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="20" style="height:15.0pt">5-0 non absorbable suture</td>
			<td class="xl17">Ethicon Inc., USA</td>
			<td class="xl17">8618G</td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20" style="height:15.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="20" style="height:15.0pt">6-0 non-absorbable suture</td>
			<td class="xl17">B. Braun, Germany</td>
			<td class="xl17">C0766070</td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20" style="height:15.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="20" style="height:15.0pt">9-0 non-absorbable suture</td>
			<td class="xl17">B. Braun, Germany</td>
			<td class="xl17">G1111140</td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20" style="height:15.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="20" style="height:15.0pt">10-0 non-absorbable suture</td>
			<td class="xl17">Covidien, USA</td>
			<td class="xl17">N2530 Monosof</td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20" style="height:15.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="20" style="height:15.0pt">Operation microscope</td>
			<td class="xl17">Zeiss, Germany</td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20" style="height:15.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="20" style="height:15.0pt">Digital microscope camera</td>
			<td class="xl17">Sony, Japan</td>
			<td class="xl17">HXR-MC1P</td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20" style="height:15.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="20" style="height:15.0pt">Standard surgical instruments</td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
			<td class="xl17">multiple</td>
			<td class="xl17">see protocol 7.a</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20" style="height:15.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="20" style="height:15.0pt">Microsurgical instruments</td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
			<td class="xl17">multiple</td>
			<td class="xl17">see protocol 7.b</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20" style="height:15.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="20" style="height:15.0pt">Vascular clip applicator</td>
			<td class="xl17">B. Braun, Germany</td>
			<td class="xl17">FT495T</td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20" style="height:15.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="20" style="height:15.0pt">Temporary vascular clamps</td>
			<td class="xl17">B. Braun, Germany</td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20" style="height:15.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="20" style="height:15.0pt">19G Puncture needle&#160;</td>
			<td class="xl17">Angiomed GmbH, Germany</td>
			<td align="right" class="xl17">15820010</td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20" style="height:15.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="20" style="height:15.0pt">Hydrophobic guide wire</td>
			<td class="xl17">Cook Medical, USA</td>
			<td class="xl17">G00650</td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20" style="height:15.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="20" style="height:15.0pt">4F sheat</td>
			<td class="xl17">Cordis Corporation, USA</td>
			<td class="xl17">504-604A</td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20" style="height:15.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="20" style="height:15.0pt">Inflation syringe</td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20" style="height:15.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="20" style="height:15.0pt">Laboratory shaker</td>
			<td class="xl17">Stuart</td>
			<td class="xl17">SRT6</td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20" style="height:15.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="20" style="height:15.0pt">Magnesium Stent 2.5/6 AMS with Polymer coating</td>
			<td class="xl17">Biotronik, Switzerland</td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl18" height="21" style="width:220pt;height:15.75pt" width="293">Surgery drape&#160;</td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20" style="height:15.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="20" style="height:15.0pt">Sterile cellulose swabs</td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20" style="height:15.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="20" style="height:15.0pt">Syringes 1 ml and 2 ml</td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20" style="height:15.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="20" style="height:15.0pt">Hollow needles 18G and 26G</td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20" style="height:15.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="20" style="height:15.0pt">Isotonic sodium chloride</td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20" style="height:15.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="20" style="height:15.0pt">Microtubes</td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
			<td class="xl17"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20" style="height:15.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="20" style="height:15.0pt">Eye ointment</td>
			<td class="xl17">Bausch + Lomb Inc, USA</td>
			<td class="xl17">Lacrinorm</td>
			<td class="xl17">any generic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20" style="height:15.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="20" style="height:15.0pt">Small animal shaver</td>
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biodegradable magnesium stent treatment of saccular aneurysms in a rat model - introduction of the surgical technique

Intracranial 동맥 류 혈관 내 수술 치료에 사용할 수 있는 기술의 armamentarium에 꾸준한 progess stents 및 흐름 diverters 같은 소설 색전술 재료 테스트 실험 동물 모델을 저렴 하 고 reproducable를 요구 한다. 현재 프로젝트의 목표는 안전 하 고, 빠르고, 디자인 하 고 텐트에 대 한 표준화 된 수술 기법 쥐 동물 모델에서 saccular 동맥 류 색전술을 지원.
Saccular 동맥 류 하강 대동맥에서 동맥 이식에서 창조 되었다. 동맥 류 했다 microsurgically는 syngenic 남성 Wistar 쥐 무게의 infrarenal 복 부 대동맥에 엔드-투-사이드 문 합을 통해 이식 > 500 g. 동맥 문 합, 다음 동맥 류 색전술 풍선 확장 마그네슘 텐트 (2.5 m m x 6 m m)를 사용 하 여 수행 되었다. 텐트 시스템 퇴행 성 변형된 Seldinger 기술을 사용 하 여 더 낮은 복 부 대동맥에서 도입 했다.
6 동물의 파일럿 시리즈, 다음 67 쥐의 총 설립된 표준 운영 절차에 따라 운영 했다. 수술 시간, 말은 문 합 시간, 그리고 의미 했다 167 ± 22 분, 26 ± 동맥 펑크 사이트의 시간을 봉합 뜻 6 분 및 11 ± 5 분, 각각. 사망 율은 6% (n = 4). 병 적 율은 7.5% (n = 5)에 스 텐트 혈전 증 4 경우에 발견 되었다 (n 2 초기, n = = 스 텐트 혈전 증에 2).
결과 saccular sidewall 동맥 류 쥐-병 적 상태와 사망률의 낮은 속도의 표준화 된 텐트 폐색의 가능성을 보여 줍니다. 이 텐트 색전술 절차 결합 텐트의 소설 개념을 공부 하는 기회 또는 흐름 분배기 기반 장치 뿐만 아니라 치유의 분자 양상.

수술의 평균 기간 167 (± 22) 분의 26 (± 6) 분 동맥 생성 및 추가 23 (± 7)에 대 한 필요는 텐트 응용 프로그램 및 arteriotomy (그림 3)의 재건에 필요한 분.
사망, 사망률, 그리고 거시적인 텐트 혈전 증 연구의 기본 끝점을 했다. 정기적인 후속 기간 7 일을 했다 (n = 28), 21 일 (n = 32) 각각. 사망 또는 사건이 병 적 연...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Biodegradable Magnesium Stent Treatment of Saccular Aneurysms in a Rat Model - Introduction of the Surgical Technique at JoVE.com

Biodegradable Magnesium Stent Treatment of Saccular Aneurysms in a Rat Model - Introduction of the Surgical Technique

Reproducable 실험 동물 모델 소설 색전술 재료, 혈관 내 수술 intracranial 동맥 류 (IA)의 폐색을 치료 하도록 설계 되었습니다의 테스트 필요 합니다. 현재 공부 saccular 동맥 류 쥐 동물 모델에서의 텐트를 이용한 색전술에 대 한 안전 하 고 표준화 된 수술 기법을 개발 하는 것을 목표로 합니다.

쥐 모델-수술 방법의 소개에에서 Saccular 동맥 류의 생 분해성 마그네슘 스 텐트 치료

The steady progess in the armamentarium of techniques available for endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms requires affordable and reproducable ...

biodegradable-magnesium-stent-treatment-saccular-aneurysms-rat-model

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

11.0K 조회수.  Kantonsspital Aarau. Reproducable 실험 동물 모델 소설 색전술 재료, 혈관 내 수술 intracranial 동맥 류 (IA)의 폐색을 치료 하도록 설계 되었습니다의 테스트 필요 합니다. 현재 공부 saccular 동맥 류 쥐 동물 모델에서의 텐트를 이용한 색전술에 대 한 안전 하 고 표준화 된 수술 기법을 개발 하는 것을 목표로 합니다.

비디오: Biodegradable Magnesium Stent Treatment of Saccular Aneurysms in a Rat Model - Introduction of the Surgical Technique

Application of a NMDA Receptor Conductance in Rat Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons Using the Dynamic Clamp Technique

Neuroscientists study the function of the brain by investigating how neurons in the brain communicate. Many investigators look at changes in the electrical activity of one or more neurons in response to an experimentally-controlled input. The electrical activity of neurons can be recorded in isolated brain slices using patch clamp techniques with glass micropipettes. Traditionally, experimenters can mimic neuronal input by direct injection of current through the pipette, electrical stimulation of the other cells or remaining axonal connections in the slice, or pharmacological manipulation by receptors located on the neuronal membrane of the recorded cell.
Direct current injection has the advantages of passing a predetermined current waveform with high temporal precision at the site of the recording (usually the soma). However, it does not change the resistance of the neuronal membrane as no ion channels are physically opened. Current injection usually employs rectangular pulses and thus does not model the kinetics of ion channels. Finally, current injection cannot mimic the chemical changes in the cell that occurs with the opening of ion channels.
Receptors can be physically activated by electrical or pharmacological stimulation. The experimenter has good temporal precision of receptor activation with electrical stimulation of the slice. However, there is limited spatial precision of receptor activation and the exact nature of what is activated upon stimulation is unknown. This latter problem can be partially alleviated by specific pharmacological agents. Unfortunately, the time course of activation of pharmacological agents is typically slow and the spatial precision of inputs onto the recorded cell is unknown.
The dynamic clamp technique allows an experimenter to change the current passed directly into the cell based on real-time feedback of the membrane potential of the cell (Robinson and Kawai 1993, Sharp et al., 1993a,b; for review, see Prinz et al. 2004). This allows an experimenter to mimic the electrical changes that occur at the site of the recording in response to activation of a receptor. Real-time changes in applied current are determined by a mathematical equation implemented in hardware.
We have recently used the dynamic clamp technique to investigate the generation of bursts of action potentials by phasic activation of NMDA receptors in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (Deister et al., 2009; Lobb et al., 2010). In this video, we demonstrate the procedures needed to apply a NMDA receptor conductance into a dopaminergic neuron.

In this video, we demonstrate how to apply a conductance into a dopaminergic neuron recorded in the whole cell configuration in rat brain slices. This technique is called the dynamic clamp.

동적 클램프 기법을 사용 랫 Midbrain Dopaminergic 뉴런에서 NMDA 수용체의 전도의 응용

Neuroscientists study the function of the brain by investigating how neurons in the brain communicate. Many investigators look at changes in the ...

연구

신경과학

Visual Evoked Potential Recording in a Rat Model of Experimental Optic Nerve Demyelination

The visual evoked potential (VEP) recording is widely used in clinical practice to assess the severity of optic neuritis in its acute phase, and to monitor the disease course in the follow-up period. Changes in the VEP parameters closely correlate with pathological damage in the optic nerve. This protocol provides a detailed description about the rodent model of optic nerve microinjection, in which a partial demyelination lesion is produced in the optic nerve. VEP recording techniques are also discussed. Using skull implanted electrodes, we are able to acquire reproducible intra-session and between-session VEP traces. VEPs can be recorded on individual animals over a period of time to assess the functional changes in the optic nerve longitudinally. The optic nerve demyelination model, in conjunction with the VEP recording protocol, provides a tool to investigate the disease processes associated with demyelination and remyelination, and can potentially be employed to evaluate the effects of new remyelinating drugs or neuroprotective therapies.

Focal demyelination is induced in the optic nerve using lysolecithin microinjection. Visual evoked potentials are recorded via skull electrodes implanted over the visual cortex to examine the signal conduction along the visual pathway in vivo. This protocol details the surgical procedures underlying electrode implantation and optic nerve microinjection.

실험 시신경의 탈수 초화의 쥐 모델에서 시각 유발 전위 기록

The visual evoked potential (VEP) recording is widely used in clinical practice to assess the severity of optic neuritis in its acute phase, and to ...

The Use of Trace Eyeblink Classical Conditioning to Assess Hippocampal Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Neonatal rats were administered a relatively high concentration of ethyl alcohol (11.9% v/v) during postnatal days 4-9, a time when the fetal brain undergoes rapid organizational change and is similar to accelerated brain changes that occur during the third trimester in humans. This model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) produces severe brain damage, mimicking the amount and pattern of binge-drinking that occurs in some pregnant alcoholic mothers. We describe the use of trace eyeblink classical conditioning (ECC), a higher-order variant of associative learning, to assess long-term hippocampal dysfunction that is typically seen in alcohol-exposed adult offspring. At 90 days of age, rodents were surgically prepared with recording and stimulating electrodes, which measured electromyographic (EMG) blink activity from the left eyelid muscle and delivered mild shock posterior to the left eye, respectively. After a 5 day recovery period, they underwent 6 sessions of trace ECC to determine associative learning differences between alcohol-exposed and control rats. Trace ECC is one of many possible ECC procedures that can be easily modified using the same equipment and software, so that different neural systems can be assessed. ECC procedures in general, can be used as diagnostic tools for detecting neural pathology in different brain systems and different conditions that insult the brain.

Trace eyeblink classical conditioning (ECC) was used to assess hippocampal-dependent associative learning in adult rats that were administered a high concentration (11.9% v/v) of alcohol during early neonatal brain development. In general, ECC procedures are sound diagnostic tools for detecting brain dysfunction across many psychological and biomedical settings.

태아 알코올 스펙트럼 장애의 쥐 모델에서 Hippocampal 기능 장애를 평가 하기 위해 추적 Eyeblink 클래식 컨디셔닝의 사용

Neonatal rats were administered a relatively high concentration of ethyl alcohol (11.9% v/v) during postnatal days 4-9, a time when the fetal brain ...

The Optical Fractionator Technique to Estimate Cell Numbers in a Rat Model of Electroconvulsive Therapy

Stereological methods are designed to describe quantitative parameters without making assumptions about size, shape, orientation and distribution of cells or structures. These methods have been revolutionary for quantitative analysis of the mammalian brain, in which volumetric cell populations are too high to count manually, and stereology is now the technique of choice whenever estimates of three-dimensional quantities need to be extracted from measurements on two-dimensional sections. All stereological methods are in principle unbiased; however, they rely on proper knowledge about the structure of interest and the characteristics of the tissue. Stereology is based on Systematic Uniformly Random Sampling (SURS), with adjustment of sampling to the most efficient level in respect to precision, providing reliable, quantitative information about the whole structure of interest. Here we present the optical fractionator in conjunction with BrdU immunohistochemistry to estimate the production and survival of newly-formed neurons in the granule cell layer (including the sub-granular zone) of the rat hippocampus following electroconvulsive stimulation, which is among the most potent stimulators of neurogenesis. The optical fractionator technique is designed to provide estimates of the total number of cells from thick sections sampled from the full structure. Thick sections provide the opportunity to observe cells in their full 3-D extent and thus, allow for easy and robust cell classification based on morphological criteria. When correctly implemented, the sensitivity and efficiency of the optical fractionator provides accurate estimates with a fixed and predetermined precision.

Here, we present a stereological method, the optical fractionator, used to quantify the formation of new neurons, and their survival, in the rat hippocampus following electroconvulsive stimulation. When correctly implemented, the sensitivity and efficiency of stereological methods ensures accurate estimates with a fixed and predetermined precision.

전기 충격 요법의 쥐 모델에서 세포 수를 추정하기위한 광학적 분별 기 기술

Stereological methods are designed to describe quantitative parameters without making assumptions about size, shape, orientation and distribution of cells ...

Facial Nerve Surgery in the Rat Model to Study Axonal Inhibition and Regeneration

This protocol describes consistent and reproducible methods to study axonal regeneration and inhibition in a rat facial nerve injury model. The facial nerve can be manipulated along its entire length, from its intracranial segment to its extratemporal course. There are three primary types of nerve injury used for the experimental study of regenerative properties: nerve crush, transection, and nerve gap. The range of possible interventions is vast, including surgical manipulation of the nerve, delivery of neuroactive reagents or cells, and either central or end-organ manipulations. Advantages of this model for studying nerve regeneration include simplicity, reproducibility, interspecies consistency, reliable survival rates of the rat, and an increased anatomic size relative to murine models. Its limitations involve a more limited genetic manipulation versus the mouse model and the superlative regenerative capability of the rat, such that the facial nerve scientist must carefully assess time points for recovery and whether to translate results to higher animals and human studies. The rat model for facial nerve injury allows for functional, electrophysiological, and histomorphometric parameters for the interpretation and comparison of nerve regeneration. It thereby boasts tremendous potential toward furthering the understanding and treatment of the devastating consequences of facial nerve injury in human patients.

This protocol describes a reproducible approach to facial nerve surgery in the rat model, including descriptions of various inducible patterns of injury.

축축한 억제 및 재생을 연구하는 쥐 모델의 안면 신경 수술

This protocol describes consistent and reproducible methods to study axonal regeneration and inhibition in a rat facial nerve injury model. The facial ...

A Revised Surgical Approach to Induce Endolymphatic Hydrops in the Guinea Pig

Endolymphatic hydrops is an enlargement of scala media that is most often associated with Meniere&#39;s disease, though the pathophysiologic mechanism(s) remain unclear. In order to adequately study the attributes of endolymphatic hydrops, such as the origins of low-frequency hearing loss, a reliable model is needed. The guinea pig is a&#160;good model because it hears in the low-frequency regions that are putatively affected by endolymphatic hydrops. Previous research has demonstrated that endolymphatic hydrops can be induced surgically via intradural or extradural approaches that involve drilling on the endolymphatic duct and sac. However, whether it was possible to create an endolymphatic hydrops model using an extradural approach that avoided dangerous drilling on the endolymphatic duct and sac was unknown. The objective of this study was to demonstrate a revised extradural approach to induce experimental endolymphatic hydrops at 30 days post-operatively by obliterating the endolymphatic sac and injuring the endolymphatic duct with a fine pick. The sample size consisted of seven guinea pigs. Functional measurements of hearing were made and temporal bones were subsequently harvested for histologic analysis. The approach had a success rate of 86% in achieving endolymphatic hydrops. The risk of cerebrospinal fluid leak was minimal. No perioperative deaths or injuries to the posterior semicircular canal occurred in the sample. The presented method demonstrates a safe and reliable way to induce endolymphatic hydrops at a relatively quick time point of 30 days. The clinical implications are that the presented method provides a reliable model to further explore the origins of low-frequency hearing loss that can be associated endolymphatic hydrops.

This article demonstrates an extradural approach to obliterate the guinea pig endolymphatic sac and injure the endolymphatic duct with a fine pick in order to induce experimental endolymphatic hydrops.

기니 피그에서 내인성 수압을 유도하는 개정 된 외과 접근 법

Endolymphatic hydrops is an enlargement of scala media that is most often associated with Meniere&#39;s disease, though the pathophysiologic mechanism(s) ...

Applying the RatWalker System for Gait Analysis in a Genetic Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Gait abnormalities, including decreased arm swing, slower walking speed, and shorter steps are common in PD patients and appear early in the course of disease. Thus, the quantification of motor patterns in animal models of PD will be important for phenotypic characterization during disease course and upon therapeutic treatment. Most cases of PD are idiopathic; however, the identification of hereditary forms of PD uncovered gene mutations and variants, such as loss-of-function mutations in Pink1 and Parkin, two proteins involved in mitochondrial quality control that could be harnessed to create animal models. While mice are resistant to neurodegeneration upon loss of Pink1 and Parkin (single and combined deletion), in rats, Pink1 but not Parkin deficiency leads to nigral DA neuron loss and motor impairment. Here, we report the utility of FTIR imaging to uncover gait changes in freely walking young (2 months of age) male rats with combined loss of Pink1 and Parkin prior to the development of gross visually apparent motor abnormality as these rats age (observed at 4-6 months), characterized by hindlimb dragging as previously reported in Pink1 knockout (KO) rats.

Here we describe the RatWalker system, built by redesigning the MouseWalker apparatus to accommodate for the increased size and weight of rats. This system uses frustrated total internal reflection (FTIR), high-speed video capture, and open-access analysis software to track and quantify gait parameters.

파킨슨병의 유전적 쥐 모델에서 보행 분석을 위한 RatWalker 시스템 적용

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars ...

Establishment of a Rat Model of Superior Sagittal-Sinus Occlusion via a Thread-Embolism Method

The mechanisms contributing to the natural onset of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) are mostly unknown, and a variety of uncontrollable factors are involved in the course of the disease, resulting in great limitations in clinical research. Therefore, the establishment of stable CVST animal models that can standardize a variety of uncontrollable confounding factors have helped to circumvent shortcomings in clinical research. In recent decades, a variety of CVST animal models have been constructed, but the results based on these models have been inconsistent and incomplete. Hence, in order to further explore the pathophysiological mechanisms of CVST, it is necessary to establish a novel and highly compatible animal model, which has important practical value and scientific significance for the diagnosis and treatment of CVST. In the present study, a novel Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model of superior sagittal sinus (SSS) thrombosis was established via a thread-embolization method, and the stability and reliability of the model were verified. Additionally, we evaluated changes in cerebral venous blood flow in rats after the formation of CVST. Collectively, the SD-rat SSS-thrombosis model represents a novel CVST animal model that is easily established, minimizes trauma, yields good stability, and allows for accurately controlling ischemic timing and location.

Here, we establish a novel Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model of superior sagittal sinus (SSS) thrombosis via a thread-embolization method, and the stability and reliability of the model were verified.

스레드 색전증 방법을 통해 우수한 처상 부비동 폐색의 쥐 모델 설립

The mechanisms contributing to the natural onset of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) are mostly unknown, and a variety of uncontrollable factors ...

A Rat Model of EcoHIV Brain Infection

It has been well studied that the EcoHIV infected mouse model is of significant utility in investigating HIV associated neurological complications. Establishment of the EcoHIV infected rat model for studies of drug abuse and neurocognitive disorders, would be beneficial in the study of neuroHIV and HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). In the present study, we demonstrate the successful creation of a rat model of active HIV infection using chimeric HIV (EcoHIV). First, the lentiviral construct of EcoHIV was packaged in cultured 293 FT cells for 48 hours. Then, the conditional medium was concentrated and titered. Next, we performed bilateral stereotaxic injections of the EcoHIV-EGFP into F344/N rat brain tissue. One week after infection, EGFP fluorescence signals were detected in the infected brain tissue, indicating that EcoHIV successfully induces an active HIV infection in rats. In addition, immunostaining for the microglial cell marker, Iba1, was performed. The results indicated that microglia were the predominant cell type harboring EcoHIV. Furthermore, EcoHIV rats exhibited alterations in temporal processing, a potential underlying neurobehavioral mechanism of HAND as well as synaptic dysfunction eight weeks after infection. Collectively, the present study extends the EcoHIV model of HIV-1 infection to the rat offering a valuable biological system to study HIV-1 viral reservoirs in the brain as well as HAND and associated comorbidities such as drug abuse.

Here, we present a protocol to establish a new rat model of active HIV infection using chimeric HIV (EcoHIV), which is critical for enhancing our understanding of HIV-1 viral reservoirs in the brain and offering a system to study HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and associated comorbidities (i.e., drug abuse).

에코HIV 뇌 감염의 쥐 모델

It has been well studied that the EcoHIV infected mouse model is of significant utility in investigating HIV associated neurological complications. ...

The 6-hydroxydopamine Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease

Motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD)-bradykinesia, akinesia, and tremor at rest-are consequences of the neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and dopaminergic striatal deficit. Animal models have been widely used to simulate human pathology in the laboratory. Rodents are the most used animal models for PD due to their ease of handling and maintenance. Moreover, the anatomy and molecular, cellular, and pharmacological mechanisms of PD are similar in rodents and humans. The infusion of the neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), into a medial forebrain bundle (MFB) of rats reproduces the severe destruction of dopaminergic neurons and simulates PD symptoms. This protocol demonstrates how to perform the unilateral microinjection of 6-OHDA in the MFB in a rat model of PD and shows the motor deficits induced by 6-OHDA and predicted dopaminergic lesions through the stepping test. The 6-OHDA causes significant impairment in the number of steps performed with the contralateral forelimb.

The 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model has been used for decades to advance the understanding of Parkinson's Disease. In this protocol, we demonstrate how to perform unilateral nigrostriatal lesions in the rat by injecting 6-OHDA in the medial forebrain bundle, assess motor deficits, and predict lesions using the stepping test.

파킨슨 병의 6- 히드 록시 도파민 쥐 모델

Motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD)-bradykinesia, akinesia, and tremor at rest-are consequences of the neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in ...