Name: development of a direct pulp-capping model for the evaluation of pulpal wound healing and reparative dentin formation in mice
Uploaded: 2017-01-12T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Development of a Direct Pulp-capping Model for the Evaluation of Pulpal Wound Healing and Reparative Dentin Formation in Mice at JoVE.com

This study was supported by R01DE023348 (RHK) from NIDCR/NIH and the Faculty Research Grant (RHK) from the Council on Research of the Academic Senate of the Los Angeles Division of the University of California.

Mice were purchased from Jackson Laboratory and kept in a pathogen-free vivarium in the UCLA Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine (DLAM). The experiments were performed according to the approved institutional guidelines from the Chancellor&#39;s Animal Research Committee&#160;(ARC#2016-037).
1. Mouse Anesthetization
<ol>
	<li>Use eight-week-old female C57/BL6 mice (n = 3).</li>
	<li>Anesthetize the mice using ketamine (80-120 mg/kg of mouse weight)/xylazine (5 mg/kg of mouse weight) solutions and administer in...

<ol>
	<li>Dye, B., Thornton-Evans, G., Li, X., Iafolla, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dental+caries+and+tooth+loss+in+adults+in+the+United+States,+2011-2012.">Dental caries and tooth loss in adults in the United States, 2011-2012.</a> NCHS Data Brief. (197), 197 (2015).</li><li>Bagramian, R. A., Garcia-Godoy, F., Volpe, A. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+global+increase+in+dental+caries.+A+pending+public+health+crisis.">The global increase in dental caries. A pending public health crisis.</a> Am J Dent. 22 (1), 3-8 (2009).</li><li>Koliniotou-Koumpia, E., Tziafas, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pulpal+responses+following+direct+pulp+capping+of+healthy+dog+teeth+with+dentine+adhesive+systems.">Pulpal responses following direct pulp capping of healthy dog teeth with dentine adhesive systems.</a> J Dent. 33 (8), 639-647 (2005).</li><li>Tarim, B., Hafez, A. A., Cox, C. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pulpal+response+to+a+resin-modified+glass-ionomer+material+on+nonexposed+and+exposed+monkey+pulps.">Pulpal response to a resin-modified glass-ionomer material on nonexposed and exposed monkey pulps.</a> Quintessence Int. 29 (8), 535-542 (1998).</li><li>Tziafa, C., Koliniotou-Koumpia, E., Papadimitriou, S., Tziafas, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dentinogenic+responses+after+direct+pulp+capping+of+miniature+swine+teeth+with+Biodentine.">Dentinogenic responses after direct pulp capping of miniature swine teeth with Biodentine.</a> J Endod. 40 (12), 1967-1971 (2014).</li><li>Dammaschke, T., Stratmann, U., Fischer, R. J., Sagheri, D., Schafer, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+histologic+investigation+of+direct+pulp+capping+in+rodents+with+dentin+adhesives+and+calcium+hydroxide.">A histologic investigation of direct pulp capping in rodents with dentin adhesives and calcium hydroxide.</a> Quintessence Int. 41 (4), 62-71 (2010).</li><li>Jegat, N., Septier, D., Veis, A., Poliard, A., Goldberg, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Short-term+effects+of+amelogenin+gene+splice+products+A+4+and+A-4+implanted+in+the+exposed+rat+molar+pulp.">Short-term effects of amelogenin gene splice products A+4 and A-4 implanted in the exposed rat molar pulp.</a> Head Face Med. 3, 40 (2007).</li><li>Paterson, R. C., Radford, J. R., Watts, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+response+of+the+rat+molar+pulp+of+two+proprietary+calcium+hydroxide+preparations.">The response of the rat molar pulp of two proprietary calcium hydroxide preparations.</a> Br Dent J. 151 (6), 184-186 (1981).</li><li>Sela, J., Ulmansky, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reaction+of+normal+and+inflamed+dental+pulp+to+Calxyl+and+zinc+oxide+and+eugenol+in+rats.">Reaction of normal and inflamed dental pulp to Calxyl and zinc oxide and eugenol in rats.</a> Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 30 (3), 425-430 (1970).</li><li>Maurice, C. G., Schour, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+cavity+preparations+in+the+molar+of+the+rat.">Experimental cavity preparations in the molar of the rat.</a> J Dent Res. 34 (3), 429-434 (1955).</li><li>Sohn, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Role+of+ORAI1+in+the+Odontogenic+Differentiation+of+Human+Dental+Pulp+Stem+Cells.">The Role of ORAI1 in the Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells.</a> J Dent Res. 94 (11), 1560-1567 (2015).</li><li>Kim, S., Shin, S. J., Song, Y., Kim, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+Vivo+Experiments+with+Dental+Pulp+Stem+Cells+for+Pulp-Dentin+Complex+Regeneration.">In Vivo Experiments with Dental Pulp Stem Cells for Pulp-Dentin Complex Regeneration.</a> Mediators Inflamm. 2015, 409347 (2015).</li><li>Gronthos, S., Mankani, M., Brahim, J., Robey, P. G., Shi, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Postnatal+human+dental+pulp+stem+cells+(DPSCs)+in+vitro+and+in+vivo.">Postnatal human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in vitro and in vivo.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 97 (25), 13625-13630 (2000).</li><li>Yu, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Odontogenic+capability:+bone+marrow+stromal+stem+cells+versus+dental+pulp+stem+cells.">Odontogenic capability: bone marrow stromal stem cells versus dental pulp stem cells.</a> Biol Cell. 99 (8), 465-474 (2007).</li><li>Zhu, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transplantation+of+dental+pulp+stem+cells+and+platelet-rich+plasma+for+pulp+regeneration.">Transplantation of dental pulp stem cells and platelet-rich plasma for pulp regeneration.</a> J Endod. 38 (12), 1604-1609 (2012).</li><li>Iohara, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dentin+regeneration+by+dental+pulp+stem+cell+therapy+with+recombinant+human+bone+morphogenetic+protein+2.">Dentin regeneration by dental pulp stem cell therapy with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2.</a> J Dent Res. 83 (8), 590-595 (2004).</li><li>Saito, K., Nakatomi, M., Ida-Yonemochi, H., Ohshima, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Osteopontin+Is+Essential+for+Type+I+Collagen+Secretion+in+Reparative+Dentin.">Osteopontin Is Essential for Type I Collagen Secretion in Reparative Dentin.</a> J Dent Res. , (2016).</li><li>Hunter, D. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wnt+Acts+as+a+Pro-Survival+Signal+to+Enhance+Dentin+Regeneration.">Wnt Acts as a Pro-Survival Signal to Enhance Dentin Regeneration.</a> J Bone Miner Res. , (2015).</li><li>Goldberg, M., Kulkarni, A. B., Young, M., Boskey, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dentin:+structure,+composition+and+mineralization.">Dentin: structure, composition and mineralization.</a> Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 3, 711-735 (2011).</li><li>Nascimento, A. B., Fontana, U. F., Teixeira, H. M., Costa, C. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biocompatibility+of+a+resin-modified+glass-ionomer+cement+applied+as+pulp+capping+in+human+teeth).">Biocompatibility of a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement applied as pulp capping in human teeth).</a> Am J Dent. 13 (1), 28-34 (2000).</li><li>Bogen, G., Kim, J. S., Bakland, L. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+pulp+capping+with+mineral+trioxide+aggregate:+an+observational+study.">Direct pulp capping with mineral trioxide aggregate: an observational study.</a> J Am Dent Assoc. 139 (3), 305-315 (2008).</li><li>Miller, R. A., Nadon, N. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Principles+of+animal+use+for+gerontological+research.">Principles of animal use for gerontological research.</a> J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 55 (3), 117-123 (2000).</li><li>Shah, A., Song, M., Cao, Y., Kang, M. K., Kim, R. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Osteoclasts+are+absent+in+pulpal+and+periapical+inflammatory+lesions.">Osteoclasts are absent in pulpal and periapical inflammatory lesions.</a> J Dent Res. 95, 1503 (2016).</li><li>Williams, D. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impaired+bone+resorption+and+woven+bone+formation+are+associated+with+development+of+osteonecrosis+of+the+jaw-like+lesions+by+bisphosphonate+and+anti-receptor+activator+of+NF-kappaB+ligand+antibody+in+mice).">Impaired bone resorption and woven bone formation are associated with development of osteonecrosis of the jaw-like lesions by bisphosphonate and anti-receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand antibody in mice).</a> Am J Pathol. 184 (11), 3084-3093 (2014).</li><li>McPherson, J. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+physical+map+of+the+human+genome.">A physical map of the human genome.</a> Nature. 409 (6822), 934-941 (2001).</li><li>Gregory, S. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+physical+map+of+the+mouse+genome.">A physical map of the mouse genome.</a> Nature. 418 (6899), 743-750 (2002).</li><li>Hilton, T. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Keys+to+clinical+success+with+pulp+capping:+a+review+of+the+literature.">Keys to clinical success with pulp capping: a review of the literature.</a> Oper Dent. 34 (5), 615-625 (2009).</li><li>Holmdahl, R., Bockermann, R., Backlund, J., Yamada, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+molecular+pathogenesis+of+collagen-induced+arthritis+in+mice--a+model+for+rheumatoid+arthritis.">The molecular pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis in mice--a model for rheumatoid arthritis.</a> Ageing Res Rev. 1 (1), 135-147 (2002).</li><li>Kalu, D. N., Chen, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ovariectomized+murine+model+of+postmenopausal+calcium+malabsorption.">Ovariectomized murine model of postmenopausal calcium malabsorption.</a> J Bone Miner Res. 14 (4), 593-601 (1999).</li><li>Yokochi, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+experimental+murine+model+for+lipopolysaccharide-mediated+lethal+shock+with+lung+injury.">A new experimental murine model for lipopolysaccharide-mediated lethal shock with lung injury.</a> Innate Immun. 18 (2), 364-370 (2012).</li><li>Abe, T., Hajishengallis, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimization+of+the+ligature-induced+periodontitis+model+in+mice.">Optimization of the ligature-induced periodontitis model in mice.</a> J Immunol Methods. 394 (1-2), 49-54 (2013).</li></ol>

Currently, there are several different experimental models available to validate the in vivo effects of dental materials, scaffolds, or growth factors on odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs)13. These models include ectopic autologous transplantation of DPSCs into an organ, such as the renal capsule, or subcutaneous transplantation of DPSCs into immunocompromised mice with scaffolds14,15. However, these methods are limited in that their odontogenic effect on DPSCs is...

Dental caries are one of the most prevalent oral diseases and the leading cause of surgical interventions to dentitions in almost all individuals1,2. The prognosis of surgical interventions and restorations of a tooth largely depends upon proper pulpal response and successful wound healing. Indeed, dental caries that penetrate deeply through the enamel and dentin frequently lead to the exposure of the underlying pulp tissue that is often "capped" with dental materials, such as calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) or hydraulic calcium-silicate cements (HCSCs), including mineral trioxide aggregates (MTA). The ultimate goal of such a pulp-capping procedure is to expedite pulpal wound healing by regenerating reparative dentin, a physical barrier that functions as a "biological seal" to protect the underlying pulp tissue and to increase the life expectancy of the tooth and the overall oral health. However, the underlying mechanism of pulpal wound healing and reparative dentin formation is not fully understood.
To better understand the mechanisms of pulpal wound healing and reparative dentin formation in vivo, several animals were previously used, including monkeys, dogs, and pigs3-5. Among them, rats are frequently used because they are relatively smaller in sizes compared to the other animals, but their teeth are large enough to perform direct pulp capping without any technical difficulties6-10. These animal models are ideal alternatives to human studies for examining pulpal responses and reparative dentin formation. However, their utilization is limited to observational studies at the cellular level, and they scarcely provide mechanistic insights during reparative dentin formation at the molecular level.
Recent technical advances in genetic engineering provided invaluable and indispensable research tools-mice that harbor a gene that is either overexpressed or deleted-that are instrumental to studying molecular mechanisms of human diseases in vivo. The numbers of different strains of transgenic or knockout mice that are strategically inducible in a cell-specific manner are continually growing in the scientific community. Therefore, examining pulpal wound healing and reparative dentin regeneration in these mice would greatly help to expedite our understanding of these processes at the molecular level. However, the use of mice is significantly dampened, as performing a pulp-capping procedure on a mouse tooth is technically challenging due to its miniature size. Here, we present our reproducible method of performing direct pulp capping in mice for the evaluation of pulpal wound healing and reparative dentin formation in vivo.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="641">
	<colgroup>
		<col span="2" />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:164px;">BM-LED stereo microscope</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">MEIJI Techno</td>
			<td style="width:140px;"></td>
			<td style="width:173px;">Microscope&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Optima MCX-LED&#160;</td>
			<td>Bien Air Dental</td>
			<td>1700588-001</td>
			<td>Electic motor engine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">isoflurane</td>
			<td>Henry schein animal health</td>
			<td>NDC 11695-0500-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1/4 round bur</td>
			<td>Brasseler</td>
			<td>001092T0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Endodontic K-file</td>
			<td>Roydent</td>
			<td>98947</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">ProRoot MTA</td>
			<td>Dentsply</td>
			<td>PROROOT5W</td>
			<td>MTA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Paper point</td>
			<td>Henry schein</td>
			<td>100-3941</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ultra-Etch</td>
			<td>Ultradent product Inc.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Phosphoric acid etchant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">OptiBond SoloPlus</td>
			<td>Kerr</td>
			<td>29669</td>
			<td>Adhesives</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Coltolux LED</td>
			<td>Coltene/whaledent Inc.</td>
			<td>C7970100115</td>
			<td>Curing light unit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Characterization tint</td>
			<td>Bisco</td>
			<td>T-14012</td>
			<td>Flowable composite</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Skyscan</td>
			<td>Breuker</td>
			<td>1275</td>
			<td>uCT scanner</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Microm</td>
			<td>Thermo</td>
			<td>HM355S</td>
			<td>Microtome</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hematoxyline-1</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>7221</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Eosin-Y</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>7111</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cytoseal 60</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>8310-16</td>
			<td>Mounting solution</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

development of a direct pulp-capping model for the evaluation of pulpal wound healing and reparative dentin formation in mice

Dental pulp is a vital organ of a tooth fully protected by enamel and dentin. When the pulp is exposed due to cariogenic or iatrogenic injuries, it is often capped with biocompatible materials in order to expedite pulpal wound healing. The ultimate goal is to regenerate reparative dentin, a physical barrier that functions as a "biological seal" and protects the underlying pulp tissue. Although this direct pulp-capping procedure has long been used in dentistry, the underlying molecular mechanism of pulpal wound healing and reparative dentin formation is still poorly understood. To induce reparative dentin, pulp capping has been performed experimentally in large animals, but less so in mice, presumably due to their small sizes and the ensuing technical difficulties. Here, we present a detailed, step-by-step method of performing a pulp-capping procedure in mice, including the preparation of a Class-I-like cavity, the placement of pulp-capping materials, and the restoration procedure using dental composite. Our pulp-capping mouse model will be instrumental in investigating the fundamental molecular mechanisms of pulpal wound healing in the context of reparative dentin in vivo by enabling the use of transgenic or knockout mice that are widely available in the research community.

Here, we showed the step-by-step procedures to perform pulp capping on mice teeth. One of the key aspects of pulp capping in mice is to have the appropriate apparatus. In this regard, having the microscope with a 10X power magnification is essential (Figure 1A). To create a Class-I-like preparation in the tooth, we used a &#188;-round burr in an electric high speed handpiece at 200,000 rpm (Figure 1B). Alternatively, any other engines, including those tha...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Development of a Direct Pulp-capping Model for the Evaluation of Pulpal Wound Healing and Reparative Dentin Formation in Mice at JoVE.com

Development of a Direct Pulp-capping Model for the Evaluation of Pulpal Wound Healing and Reparative Dentin Formation in Mice

We describe a step-by-step method of performing direct pulp capping on mice teeth for the evaluation of pulpal wound healing and reparative dentin formation in vivo.

Dental pulp is a vital organ of a tooth fully protected by enamel and dentin. When the pulp is exposed due to cariogenic or iatrogenic injuries, it is ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Murine Model of Wound Healing

Wound healing and repair are the most complex biological processes that occur in human life. After injury, multiple biological pathways become activated. ...

Murine Endoscopy for In Vivo Multimodal Imaging of Carcinogenesis and Assessment of Intestinal Wound Healing and Inflammation

Murine Endoscopy for In Vivo Multimodal Imaging of Carcinogenesis and Assessment of Intestinal Wound Healing and Inflammation

Mouse models are widely used to study pathogenesis of human diseases and to evaluate diagnostic procedures as well as therapeutic interventions ...

Creation and Transplantation of an Adipose-derived Stem Cell (ASC) Sheet in a Diabetic Wound-healing Model

Creation and Transplantation of an Adipose-derived Stem Cell ASC Sheet in a Diabetic Wound-healing Model

Artificial skin has achieved considerable therapeutic results in clinical practice. However, artificial skin treatments for wounds in diabetic patients ...

In Vivo Evaluation of Fracture Callus Development During Bone Healing in Mice Using an MRI-compatible Osteosynthesis Device for the Mouse Femur

In Vivo Evaluation of Fracture Callus Development During Bone Healing in Mice Using an MRI-compatible Osteosynthesis Device for the Mouse Femur

Endochondral fracture healing is a complex process involving the development of fibrous, cartilaginous, and osseous tissue in the fracture callus. The ...

Microscopy Based Methods for the Assessment of Epithelial Cell Migration During In Vitro Wound Healing

Microscopy Based Methods for the Assessment of Epithelial Cell Migration During  In Vitro Wound Healing

Cell migration is a mandatory aspect for wound healing. Creating artificial wounds on research animal models often results in costly and complicated ...

A Minimally Invasive Model to Analyze Endochondral Fracture Healing in Mice Under Standardized Biomechanical Conditions

Bone healing models are necessary to analyze the complex mechanisms of fracture healing to improve clinical fracture treatment. During the last decade, an ...

Corneal Epithelial Abrasion with Ocular Burr As a Model for Cornea Wound Healing

The murine cornea provides an excellent model to study wound healing. The cornea is the outermost layer of the eye, and thus is the first defense to ...

The Generation of Closed Femoral Fractures in Mice: A Model to Study Bone Healing

Bone fractures impose a tremendous socio-economic burden on patients, in addition to significantly affecting their quality of life. Therapeutic strategies ...

Ex Vivo Corneal Organ Culture Model for Wound Healing Studies

The cornea has been used extensively as a model system to study wound healing. The ability to generate and utilize primary mammalian cells in two ...

Targeting Gray Rami Communicantes in Selective Chemical Lumbar Sympathectomy

Chemical lumbar sympathectomy (CLS) is a commonly used, minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of conditions including ischemic diseases of the ...