이 연구는 전북 대학교 의과 대학 생물 의학 연구소 (CNUH-BRI)가 후원하는 보조금 (CNUH-BRI-2012-02-005)의 지원을 받았다.

전북 대학교 동물성 동물 관리 및 이용위원회는이 연구를 승인했다. 동물의 치료, 사용 및 취급은 모든 지침과 정책을 따랐습니다. 24 ° C에서 수술실을 유지하십시오. 1. 마취 <ol><li> 최소 1 주일 동안 실험군에서 12 개월 된 소형 돼지를 순화하십시오. 호흡 수, 심장 박동수 및 체온을 측정하여 임상 검사를 수행하십시오. 마취 수술 12 시간 전에 각 소형 돼지를 먹이지 마십시오. </li><li> 전립선 수술을 위해 귀 뒤쪽의 자궁 경부 근 부위에 atropine (0.05 mg / kg)과 ketamine (20 mg / kg) / xylaxine (2 mg / kg)을 주입하십시오. </li><li> 진정 후, 귀의 기저부 주변에 고무 밴드를 단단히 붙이고 국소 알코올로 귀를 닦으십시오. </li><li> 귀 정맥에 바늘 모양의 플라스틱 카테터를 놓고 고무 밴드를 제거합니다. 카테터가 올바르게 놓 였는지 확인하십시오. 독감heparinized 식염수와 카테 테르 sh와 테이프로 해결. </li><li> 기관 내 삽관을 위해서, 소형 돼지를 흉골 경련에 배치하십시오. 보조자의 도움을 받아 적절한 밧줄로 돼지 턱을 잡고 입을 벌리십시오. <ol><li> 후두 경의 팁을 인두 구멍으로 통과시켜 후궁을 연한 구개에서 옮깁니다. 후두경의 끝 부분을 사용하여 성대를 눈으로 확인하고 만기 중에 기관 내 튜브를 기관으로 전진시킵니다. </li><li> 적절한 삽관을위한 공기의 자유로운 통과를 느끼고 소형 돼지의 왼쪽과 오른쪽 양쪽에서 호흡 소리에 대한 가슴 청진을 확인하십시오. </li></ol></li><li> 10 mL 주사기를 사용하여 공기로 기관 내 튜브 공기의 적절한 부피를 채우고 접착 테이프를 사용하여 튜브를 주둥이에 고정하십시오. </li><li> 엔도르타를 통해 2.0 % 농도의 장기간 마취를위한 흡입 마취제 인 isoflurane을 제공하십시오.심한 삽관 튜브. 각막 및 안구 반사를 검사하여 마취를 확인하고 눈에 연고를 사용하여 건조를 방지하십시오. </li><li> 소형 돼지가 회복 될 때까지 적어도 5 분마다 마취 중 심장 혈관계, 호흡계 및 체온을 모니터링하십시오. </li><li> 척추 수술 30 분 전에 cephalosporin 항생제의 1 세대 인 cefazolin IV 30mg / kg을 천천히 바르십시오. </li><li> 항상성을 유지하기 위해 IV 라인을 사용하여 5 - 10 mL / kg / h의 따뜻한 (37 ° C) 식염수를 관리하고 통증을 조절하기 위해 펜타닐을 50 μg / kg / min으로 공급하십시오. </li><li> 척추 수술 후에 강한 삼키는 반사가 명백 해지면 발열 치료를하십시오. </li><li> 소형 돼지를 방으로 가져 가서 마취에서 회복 될 때까지 모니터하십시오. 소형 돼지가 충분히 의식이있을 때 음식과 물을 제공하십시오. </li><li> 첫 3 일 동안 통증 조절을 위해 carprofen 4.4 mg / kg과 함께 3 mg / kg enrofloxacin 항생제를 매일 사용하십시오. </li><li> 모니봉합사가 제거 될 때까지 매일 돼지에게 투여하십시오. </li></ol> 2. 척추 수술 <ol><li> 제조사의 지침에 따라, Transexicular screw와 posterior fixator system을 오토 클레이브하여 살균하십시오. </li><li> 돼지가 앙와위에있는 동안 면도기를 사용하여 중앙에서 왼쪽 또는 오른쪽으로 약 10cm 정도의 소형 돼지 뒷면을 면도하십시오. 포비돈 요오드 용액과 70 % 알코올로 피부를 닦으십시오. </li><li> 메스를 사용하여 허리 척추의 두 번째 가시 돌기에서 첫 번째 중앙 성 천장까지 경도의 정중선 절개를하십시오. 상처 부위의 피하 조직과 근막을 통해 해부합니다. </li><li> 코브 (Cobb) 엘리베이터를 사용하여 근막으로부터 subperiosteally paraspinal 근육을 올리십시오. 가시 돌기와 박판을 따라 해부학을하십시오. </li><li> 엔트리 포인트의 피상 피질을 엽니 다 (L3에서 유방 부속기 프로세스보다 열등합니다).burr 또는 rongeur로 양쪽에서 L5까지). </li><li> 가이드 핀을 상부 끝판과 평행하고 가시 돌기와 20 °의 각도로 개방 된 위치에 삽입하십시오. C-arm 또는 휴대용 postero-anterior / lateral X-ray를 사용하여 이상적인 출발점을 정의하십시오. </li><li> X- 레이에 따라 최대 25 mm까지 pedicle probe를 삽입하십시오. pedicle 발음 장치를 사용하여 pedicle과 body palpation으로 완전한 intraosseous 궤도를 확인하십시오. </li><li> 나사 헤드가 잘 장착 될 때까지 L3 ~ L5의 준비된 척추에 6 개의 척추 나사를 삽입하십시오. 임플란트 헤드의 측면 개구부를 원하는 방향으로 향하게하고 수평 위치를로드 궤도와 맞 춥니 다. </li><li> 척추 경 나사못 머리의 양쪽에 각각 두 개의 막대를 삽입하십시오. 유니버설 핸들을 사용하여 척추 경 나사못 헤드에 슬리브와 너트를 넣습니다. </li><li> 똑 바른 소켓 렌치를 사용하여 너트를 느슨하게 조이고 카운터 토크 렌치를 사용하여 너트를 단단히 조입니다. </li><li> 위치 확인 o이동식 postero-anterior / lateral X-ray를 사용하는 척추 경 나사. 참고 : 미니어처 돼지가 일어나기를 기다렸다가 뒷다리의 보행 패턴과 운동 기능을 확인하여 나사가 심하게 이식되었는지 여부를 확인합니다. </li><li> 흡입과 함께 관개 주사기를 사용하여 정상적인 염분 3 L로 수술 부위를 관개하십시오. </li><li> 수술 부위에 실리콘 배출구를 놓고 실리콘 팁을 꺼냅니다. 1.0 미터의 흡수성 봉합을 사용하여 paraspinal 근육과 피하를 닫습니다. 비 흡수성 나일론 2.0 미터법으로 피부를 닫으십시오. </li><li> 포비돈 요오드로 봉합 부위를 소독하고 멸균 된 거즈와 테이프를 사용하여 드레싱을하십시오. </li></ol> 3. 수확 절차 <ol><li> 수술 후 12 주에 xylazine (2 mg / kg)과 케타민 (ketamine) (10 mg / kg)을 귀 뒤쪽의 자궁 경부 근 지방에 주입하여 사전 투여한다. </li><li> 진정 작용 후 15 mg / kg KCl을 귀 정맥 내로 직접 투여하십시오안락사를위한 도뇨관. </li><li> 이전 수술 흉터 부위에 종 방향 정중선 절개를하십시오. 연조직과 paraspinal 근육을 해부하십시오. </li><li> 요추, 박편, 막대, 너트 및 횡단 과정의 가시 돌기를 L3에서 L5로 노출시킵니다. </li><li> 카운터 토크 렌치와로드를 사용하여 너트를 제거합니다. 진동 톱 (oscillating saw)을 사용하여 L2-3 디스크 공간과 L5-S1 디스크 공간을 자릅니다. </li><li> Cobb 엘리베이터와 타워 포 셉터로 L3-5 등뼈의 가운데와 앞부분의 양쪽을 해부합니다. 수확 후 척추를 즉시 검사 할 수 없다면 식염수로 적신 거즈에 싸서 -20 ° C에서 보관하십시오. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Greenfield, R. T., Grant, R. E., Bryant, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pedicle+screw+fixation+in+the+management+of+unstable+thoracolumbar+spine+injuries.">Pedicle screw fixation in the management of unstable thoracolumbar spine injuries.</a> Orthop Rev. 21 (6), 701-706 (1992).</li><li>Upasani, V. V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pedicle+screw+surface+coatings+improve+fixation+in+nonfusion+spinal+constructs.">Pedicle screw surface coatings improve fixation in nonfusion spinal constructs.</a> Spine. 34 (4), 335-343 (2009).</li><li>Halvorson, T. L., Kelley, L. A., Thomas, K. A., Whitecloud, T. S., Cook, S. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+bone+mineral+density+on+pedicle+screw+fixation.">Effects of bone mineral density on pedicle screw fixation.</a> Spine. 19 (21), 2415-2420 (1994).</li><li>Weinstein, J. N., Spratt, K. F., Spengler, D., Brick, C., Reid, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spinal+pedicle+fixation:+reliability+and+validity+of+roentgenogram-based+assessment+and+surgical+factors+on+successful+screw+placement.">Spinal pedicle fixation: reliability and validity of roentgenogram-based assessment and surgical factors on successful screw placement.</a> Spine. 13 (9), 1012-1018 (1988).</li><li>Fini, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biological+assessment+of+the+bone-screw+interface+after+insertion+of+uncoated+and+hydroxyapatite-coated+pedicular+screws+in+the+osteopenic+sheep.">Biological assessment of the bone-screw interface after insertion of uncoated and hydroxyapatite-coated pedicular screws in the osteopenic sheep.</a> J Biomed Mater Res A. 66 (1), 176-183 (2003).</li><li>Kim, D. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+Titanium-Coated+Pedicle+Screws:+In+Vivo+Porcine+Lumbar+Spine+Model.">Evaluation of Titanium-Coated Pedicle Screws: In Vivo Porcine Lumbar Spine Model.</a> World Neurosurg. 91, 163-171 (2016).</li><li>Upasani, V. V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pedicle+screw+surface+coatings+improve+fixation+in+nonfusion+spinal+constructs.">Pedicle screw surface coatings improve fixation in nonfusion spinal constructs.</a> Spine. 34 (4), 335-343 (2009).</li><li>Smit, T. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+use+of+a+quadrupted+as+an+in+vivo+model+for+the+study+of+the+spine-biomechanical+considrations.">The use of a quadrupted as an in vivo model for the study of the spine-biomechanical considrations.</a> Eur Spine J. 11 (2), 137-144 (2002).</li><li>Aldini, N. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pedicular+fixation+in+the+osteoporotic+spine:+a+pilot+in+vivo+study+on+long-term+ovariectomized+sheep.">Pedicular fixation in the osteoporotic spine: a pilot in vivo study on long-term ovariectomized sheep.</a> J Orthop Res. 20 (6), 1217-1224 (2002).</li><li>Fini, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biological+assessment+of+the+bone-screw+interface+after+insertion+of+uncoated+and+hydroxyapatite-coated+pedicular+screws+in+the+osteopenic+sheep.">Biological assessment of the bone-screw interface after insertion of uncoated and hydroxyapatite-coated pedicular screws in the osteopenic sheep.</a> J Biomed Mater Res A. 66 (1), 176-183 (2003).</li><li>Branemark, R., Ohrnell, L. O., Skalak, R., Carlsson, L., Branemark, P. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biomechanical+characterization+of+osseointegration:+an+experimental+in+vivo+investigation+in+the+beagle+dog.">Biomechanical characterization of osseointegration: an experimental in vivo investigation in the beagle dog.</a> J Orthop Res. 16 (1), 61-69 (1998).</li><li>McLain, R. F., Yerby, S. A., Moseley, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparative+morphometry+of+L4+vertebrae:+comparison+of+large+animal+models+for+the+human+lumbar+spine.">Comparative morphometry of L4 vertebrae: comparison of large animal models for the human lumbar spine.</a> Spine. 27 (8), E200-E206 (2002).</li><li>Giavaresi, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+preclinical+evaluation+of+the+influence+of+osteoporosis+on+the+anchorage+of+different+pedicle+screw+designs.">In vivo preclinical evaluation of the influence of osteoporosis on the anchorage of different pedicle screw designs.</a> Eur Spine J. 20 (8), 1289-1296 (2011).</li><li>Hasegawa, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydroxyapatite-coating+of+pedicle+screws+improves+resistance+against+pull-out+force+in+the+osteoporotic+canine+lumbar+spine+model:+a+pilot+study.">Hydroxyapatite-coating of pedicle screws improves resistance against pull-out force in the osteoporotic canine lumbar spine model: a pilot study.</a> Spine J. 5 (3), 239-243 (2005).</li><li>Smorgick, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-+versus+multilevel+fusion+for+single-level+degenerative+spondylolisthesis+and+multilevel+lumbar+stenosis:+four-year+results+of+the+spine+patient+outcomes+research+trial.">Single- versus multilevel fusion for single-level degenerative spondylolisthesis and multilevel lumbar stenosis: four-year results of the spine patient outcomes research trial.</a> Spine. 38 (10), 797-805 (2013).</li><li>Busscher, I., Ploegmakers, J. J., Verkerke, G. J., Veldhuizen, A. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparative+anatomical+dimensions+of+the+complete+human+and+porcine+spine.">Comparative anatomical dimensions of the complete human and porcine spine.</a> Eur Spine J. 19 (7), 1104-1114 (2010).</li></ol>

저자는이 백서와 관련하여 공개 할 내용이 없습니다.

돼지 척추의 경정맥 나사의 평가에는 많은 시간과 노력이 요구됩니다. 첫째, 소형 돼지는 큰 동물입니다. 동물 관리 및 마취를 위해 연구원은 전문적인 프로토콜이 필요합니다. 둘째, 수술은 인간의 수술과 비슷한 환경을 유지해야합니다. 돼지 척추에서 척추 경 나사를 평가하는 목적은 인간에게 적용 할 수있는 효율적인 나사를 개발하는 것입니다. 셋째, 척추 경 나사의 장기 안정성을 평가하는 ...

Transpedicular screw fixation is a gold-standard treatment for degenerative lumbar spine and bursting fracture because it involves three columns of the spine and achieves stabilization1,2. However, most patients who undergo such surgery also have osteoporosis3,4. Many studies have evaluated the fixation strength and the osseointegration status of transpedicular screws, because the loosening of pedicle screws currently in use has been reported in patients with osteoporosis5,6.
The porcine spine is similar to the human spine in terms of size. It is less expensive compared to a primate model7. Furthermore, an in vivo mechanical study has demonstrated that the quadruped porcine spine is essentially loaded in the same way as that of the human spine8, which is why many researchers use porcine spines for studies on the prevention of pedicle screw loosening. However, it takes several months to study pedicle screws in the porcine spine because identifying the long-term stability of pedicle screws takes times. In order to compare different types of screws in the vertebral body, it is necessary to insert the screws in similar positions. Therefore, researchers should be well-acquainted with proper anesthesia techniques, standardized surgical protocols, and harvest procedures before performing any experiments. Here, we describe a detailed method for anesthesia, surgery, and harvest for the evaluation of pedicle screw fixation using a porcine spine model, including ex vivo imaging, histology, and strength testing.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Miniature pig</td>
			<td>OrientBio</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Atropine</td>
			<td>Jeil pharmaceutical</td>
			<td>A04900241</td>
			<td>Anesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Over-the needle plastic catheter</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>REF382412</td>
			<td>Maintenance of IV line</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketamine</td>
			<td>Yuhan</td>
			<td>A04502441</td>
			<td>Anesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylazine</td>
			<td>Bayer Korea</td>
			<td>A00800071</td>
			<td>Anesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laryngoscope</td>
			<td>Karl storz</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Intubation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Endotracheal tube</td>
			<td>Covidien</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Intubation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>JW pharmaceutical Co</td>
			<td>A02104781</td>
			<td>Anesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eye ointment</td>
			<td>Hanlim pharma</td>
			<td>A37851721</td>
			<td>Protection of pig&#39;s eye</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cefazolin</td>
			<td>Donga pharma</td>
			<td>A01503951</td>
			<td>Antibiotics</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Saline</td>
			<td>JW pharmaceutical Co</td>
			<td>A02151392</td>
			<td>Maintenance of fluid homeostasis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fentanyl</td>
			<td>Hana pharm</td>
			<td>C03200032</td>
			<td>Pain control</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Enrofloxacin</td>
			<td>Bayer</td>
			<td>93106-60-6&#160;</td>
			<td>Antibiotics</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Morphine</td>
			<td>Myungmoon pharma</td>
			<td>C03700091</td>
			<td>Pain control</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Meloxicam</td>
			<td>Boehringer Ingelheim</td>
			<td>A07600711</td>
			<td>Antibiotics</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Povidone-iodine</td>
			<td>Hyundai pharma</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Wound dressing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel blade size 15</td>
			<td>Braun</td>
			<td>&#160;I1 BB515</td>
			<td>Skin incision</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cobb elevator</td>
			<td>Codman</td>
			<td>65-2546</td>
			<td>Dissection of muscle</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Burr</td>
			<td>Medtronic</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Making of starting point of screw</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rongeur</td>
			<td>Aesculap</td>
			<td>FO515R</td>
			<td>Making of starting point of screw</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Guide pin (K-wire)</td>
			<td>CE</td>
			<td>01067803</td>
			<td>Guidance of screw trajectory</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C-arm</td>
			<td>GE</td>
			<td>OEC 9800 plus</td>
			<td>Guidance of screw trajectory</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Portable X-ray</td>
			<td>Siemens</td>
			<td>Mobile XP hybrid</td>
			<td>Guidance of screw trajectory</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pedicle probe</td>
			<td>OtisBiotech</td>
			<td>SPI-02-01</td>
			<td>Guidance of screw trajectory</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pedicle sounding device</td>
			<td>OtisBiotech</td>
			<td>SPI-03-01</td>
			<td>Guidance of screw trajectory</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pedicle screw</td>
			<td>OtisBiotech</td>
			<td>MS-40025</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Posterior fixator systems</td>
			<td>OtisBiotech</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rod&#160;</td>
			<td>OtisBiotech</td>
			<td>ROD-60140</td>
			<td>Rigid fixation between screws</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Universal handle</td>
			<td>OtisBiotech</td>
			<td>SPI-08-01</td>
			<td>To fix the screws to the rod</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Straight socket wrench</td>
			<td>OtisBiotech</td>
			<td>SPI-06-01</td>
			<td>To fix the screws to the rod</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>counter torque wrench</td>
			<td>OtisBiotech</td>
			<td>SPI-07-01</td>
			<td>To fix the screws to the rod</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bulb irrigation syringe</td>
			<td>Hyupsug medical</td>
			<td>HS-IR-140</td>
			<td>Irrigation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silicone drain</td>
			<td>Sewon medical</td>
			<td>2205-006</td>
			<td>To drain the fluid at the surgical site</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3.0 metric absorbable suture</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>BA1673H</td>
			<td>Muscle suture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2.0 metric nonabsorbable nylon suture</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>W1626T</td>
			<td>Skin suture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gauze</td>
			<td>Kingphar Korea</td>
			<td>KP120-06</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pentobarbital</td>
			<td>Hanlim pharma</td>
			<td>645301221</td>
			<td>Euthanasia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oscillating saw</td>
			<td>Zimmer</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Harvest spine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tower forceps</td>
			<td>Aesculap</td>
			<td>BF461R</td>
			<td>Harvest spine</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

an anesthesia, surgery, and harvest method for the evaluation of transpedicular screws using an in vivo porcine lumbar spine model

척추 경 나사 고정은 척추 질환의 치료에있어 가장 중요한 표준입니다. 그러나 척추 수술 후 척추 경 나사못을 느슨하게하는 문제에 대한 많은 연구가있어 심각한 문제입니다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 다양한 유형의 척추 경 나사못을 검사하여 척추골에서 좋은 고정 강도와 골 유착을 가진 환자를 확인했습니다. 돼지 척추는 해부학 적 크기, 기계적 특성 및 비용으로 인해 척추 경 나사의 평가에서 인간의 척추에 대한 좋은 대안입니다. 여러 연구에 따르면 척추 모형이 돼지 모형에서 효율적이라는보고가 있지만, 돼지 모형을 사용한 척추 경 나사 평가에 대한 자세한 프로토콜은 아직 없습니다. 여기, 우리 는 생체 내 돼지 허리 받침 모델을 사용하여 Transedicular 나사를 평가하기위한 상세한 방법을 설명합니다. 여기에 제공된 마취, 척추 수술 및 수확에 대한 기술 세부 정보는 t경 나사못 고정 모델.

생체 내 돼지 허리 받침 모델을 사용하여 Transedicular screw를 평가하기위한 마취, 수술 및 수확을위한 자세한 프로토콜이 여기에 설명되어 있습니다. 이 프로토콜은 기계적 테스트 ( 그림 1 ), 정량적 마이크로 CT 평가 ( 그림 2 ) 및 조직학 ( 그림 3 )을 포함한 여러 가지 다운 스트림 분석에 적합합니다. 대표적인 기계적 시험 ( <strong...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Anesthesia, Surgery, and Harvest Method for the Evaluation of Transpedicular Screws Using an In Vivo Porcine Lumbar Spine Model at JoVE.com

An Anesthesia, Surgery, and Harvest Method for the Evaluation of Transpedicular Screws Using an In Vivo Porcine Lumbar Spine Model

여기에서는 생체 내 돼지 허리 받침 모델을 사용하여 경정맥 나사를 평가하는 방법을 소개합니다.

수술 용 나사를 이용한 마취, 수술 및 수확 방법<em&gt; In Vivo</em&gt; 돼지의 허리 척추 모델

Pedicle screw fixation is the gold standard for the treatment of spinal diseases. However, many studies have reported the issue of loosening pedicle ...

an-anesthesia-surgery-harvest-method-for-evaluation-transpedicular

Research

Education

JoVE Core

JoVE Journal

Pharmacology

Medicine

Unit 1

An Anesthesia, Surgery, and Harvest Method for the Evaluation of Transpedicular Screws Using an In Vivo Porcine Lumbar Spine Model

Local Anesthetics

SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

7.6K 조회수.  Chonbuk National University School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital.  여기에서는 생체 내 돼지 허리 받침 모델을 사용하여 경정맥 나사를 평가하는 방법을 소개합니다. 

비디오: An Anesthesia, Surgery, and Harvest Method for the Evaluation of Transpedicular Screws Using an In Vivo Porcine Lumbar Spine Model

Using Quantitative Real-time PCR to Determine Donor Cell Engraftment in a Competitive Murine Bone Marrow Transplantation Model

Murine bone marrow transplantation models provide an important tool in measuring hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) functions and determining genes/molecules that regulate HSCs. In these transplant model systems, the function of HSCs is determined by the ability of these cells to engraft and reconstitute lethally irradiated recipient mice. Commonly, the donor cell contribution/engraftment is measured by antibodies to donor- specific cell surface proteins using flow cytometry. However, this method heavily depends on the specificity and the ability of the cell surface marker to differentiate donor-derived cells from recipient-originated cells, which may not be available for all mouse strains. Considering the various backgrounds of genetically modified mouse strains in the market, this cell surface/ flow cytometry-based method has significant limitations especially in mouse strains that lack well-defined surface markers to separate donor cells from congenic recipient cells. Here, we reported a PCR-based technique to determine donor cell engraftment/contribution in transplant recipient mice. We transplanted male donor bone marrow HSCs to lethally irradiated congenic female mice. Peripheral blood samples were collected at different time points post transplantation. Bone marrow samples were obtained at the end of the experiments. Genomic DNA was isolated and the Y chromosome specific gene, Zfy1, was amplified using quantitative Real time PCR. The engraftment of male donor-derived cells in the female recipient mice was calculated against standard curve with known percentage of male vs. female DNAs. Bcl2 was used as a reference gene to normalize the total DNA amount. Our data suggested that this approach reliably determines donor cell engraftment and provides a useful, yet simple method in measuring hematopoietic cell reconstitution in murine bone marrow transplantation models. Our method can be routinely performed in most laboratories because no costly equipment such as flow cytometry is required.

Determining donor cell engraftment presents a challenge in mouse bone marrow transplant models that lack well-defined phenotypical markers. We described a methodology to quantify male donor cell engraftment in female transplant recipient mice. This method can be used in all mouse strains for the study of HSC functions.

경쟁 손쥐 골수 이식 모델에서 기증자 세포 Engraftment를 확인하려면 수량 실시간 PCR을 사용하여

Murine bone marrow transplantation models provide an important tool in measuring hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) functions and determining genes/molecules ...

연구

의학

An Improved Method for Rapid Intubation of the Trachea in Mice

Despite some anatomical and physiological differences, mouse models continue to be an essential tool for studying human lung disease. Bleomycin toxicity is a commonly used model to study both acute lung injury and fibrosis, and multiple methods have been developed for administering bleomycin (and other toxic agents) into the lungs. However, many of these approaches, such as transtracheal instillation, have inherent drawbacks, including the need for strong anesthetics and survival surgery. This paper reports a quick, reproducible method of intratracheal intubation that involves mild inhaled anesthesia, visualization of the trachea, and the use of a surrogate spirometer to confirm exposure. As a proof of concept, 8-12 week old C57BL/6 mice were administered either 2.0 U/kg of bleomycin or an equivalent volume of PBS, and both damage and fibrotic endpoints were measured post-exposure. This procedure allows researchers to treat a large cohort of mice in a relatively short period with little expense and minimal post-procedure care.

This article presents a rapid and simple method for administering bleomycin directly into the mouse trachea via intubation. Key advantages of this method are that it is highly reproducible, easy to master, and does not require specialized equipment or lengthy recovery times.

마우스의기도 신속 삽관 용 개선 된 방법

Despite some anatomical and physiological differences, mouse models continue to be an essential tool for studying human lung disease. Bleomycin toxicity ...

Improved Method for the Establishment of an In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Model Based on Porcine Brain Endothelial Cells

The aim of this protocol presents an optimized procedure for the purification and cultivation of pBECs and to establish in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) models based on pBECs in mono-culture (MC), MC with astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM), and non-contact co-culture (NCC) with astrocytes of porcine or rat origin. pBECs were isolated and cultured from fragments of capillaries from the brain cortices of domestic pigs 5-6 months old. These fragments were purified by careful removal of meninges, isolation and homogenization of grey matter, filtration, enzymatic digestion, and centrifugation. To further eliminate contaminating cells, the capillary fragments were cultured with puromycin-containing medium. When 60-95% confluent, pBECs growing from the capillary fragments were passaged to permeable membrane filter inserts and established in the models. To increase barrier tightness and BBB characteristic phenotype of pBECs, the cells were treated with the following differentiation factors: membrane permeant 8-CPT-cAMP (here abbreviated cAMP), hydrocortisone, and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, RO-20-1724 (RO). The procedure was carried out over a period of 9-11 days, and when establishing the NCC model, the astrocytes were cultured 2-8 weeks in advance. Adherence to the described procedures in the protocol has allowed the establishment of endothelial layers with highly restricted paracellular permeability, with the NCC model showing an average transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) of 1249 &#177; 80 &#937; cm2, and paracellular permeability (Papp) for Lucifer Yellow of 0.90 10-6 &#177; 0.13 10-6 cm sec-1 (mean &#177; SEM, n=55). Further evaluation of this pBEC phenotype showed good expression of the tight junctional proteins claudin 5, ZO-1, occludin and adherens junction protein p120 catenin. The model presented can be used for a range of studies of the BBB in health and disease and, with the highly restrictive paracellular permeability, this model is suitable for studies of transport and intracellular trafficking.

Improved Method for the Establishment of an In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Model Based on Porcine Brain Endothelial Cells

The aim of the protocol is to present an optimized procedure for the establishment of an in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model based on primary porcine brain endothelial cells (pBECs). The model shows high reproducibility, high tightness, and is suitable for studies of transport and intracellular trafficking in drug discovery.

생체 외에서 혈액-뇌 장벽 돼지 뇌 내 피 세포를 기반으로 하는 모델의 설립에 대 한 방법 개선

The aim of this protocol presents an optimized procedure for the purification and cultivation of pBECs and to establish in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) ...

In Vivo Evaluation of Fracture Callus Development During Bone Healing in Mice Using an MRI-compatible Osteosynthesis Device for the Mouse Femur

Endochondral fracture healing is a complex process involving the development of fibrous, cartilaginous, and osseous tissue in the fracture callus. The amount of the different tissues in the callus provides important information on the fracture healing progress. Available in vivo techniques to longitudinally monitor the callus tissue development in preclinical fracture-healing studies using small animals include digital radiography and &#181;CT imaging. However, both techniques are only able to distinguish between mineralized and non-mineralized tissue. Consequently, it is impossible to discriminate cartilage from fibrous tissue. In contrast, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visualizes anatomical structures based on their water content and might therefore be able to noninvasively identify soft tissue and cartilage in the fracture callus. Here, we report the use of an MRI-compatible external fixator for the mouse femur to allow MRI scans during bone regeneration in mice. The experiments demonstrated that the fixator and a custom-made mounting device allow repetitive MRI scans, thus enabling longitudinal analysis of fracture-callus tissue development.

In Vivo Evaluation of Fracture Callus Development During Bone Healing in Mice Using an MRI-compatible Osteosynthesis Device for the Mouse Femur

The evaluation of tissue development in the fracture callus during endochondral bone healing is essential to monitor the healing process. Here, we report the use of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-compatible external fixator for the mouse femur to allow MRI scans during bone regeneration in mice.

Vivo에서 골절 뼈 쥐 마우스 대 퇴 골에 대 한 MRI-호환 Osteosynthesis 장치를 사용 하 여 치료 기간 동안 굳은 살 개발의 평가

Endochondral fracture healing is a complex process involving the development of fibrous, cartilaginous, and osseous tissue in the fracture callus. The ...

A Pre-Clinical Porcine Model of Orthotopic Heart Transplantation

Fifty-years following the first successful report, cardiac transplantation remains the gold-standard treatment for eligible patients with advanced heart failure. Multiple small-animal models of heart transplantation have been used to study the acute and long-term effects of novel therapies. However, few are tested and demonstrated success in clinical trials. It is of critical importance to evaluate new therapies in a clinically relevant large-animal model for efficient and reliable translation of basic studies&#39;&#160;findings. Here, we describe a pre-clinical large-animal (porcine) model of orthotopic heart transplantation that has been firmly established and previously used to investigate novel cardioprotective strategies. This procedure focuses on acute ischemia-reperfusion injury and is a reliable method to investigate novel interventions which have been tested and validated in smaller experimental models, such as the murine model. We demonstrate its usefulness in assessing cardiac performance during the early post-transplantation period and other potential possibilities enabled by the model.

Here, we describe a pre-clinical large-animal (porcine) model of orthotopic heart transplantation that has been firmly established and utilized to investigate novel cardioprotective strategies.

정형외 심장 이식의 전 임상 돼지 모델

Fifty-years following the first successful report, cardiac transplantation remains the gold-standard treatment for eligible patients with advanced heart ...

An In Vivo Mouse Model of Total Intravenous Anesthesia During Cancer Resection Surgery

Anesthesia is a routine component of cancer care that is used for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The anesthetic technique has recently been implicated in impacting long-term cancer outcomes, possibly through modulation of adrenergic-inflammatory responses that impact cancer cell behavior and immune cell function. Emerging evidence suggests that propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) may be beneficial for long-term cancer outcomes when compared to inhaled volatile anesthesia. However, the available clinical findings are inconsistent. Preclinical studies that identify the underlying mechanisms involved are critically needed to guide the design of clinical studies that will expedite insight. Most preclinical models of anesthesia have been extrapolated from the use of anesthesia in in vivo research and are not optimally designed to study the impact of anesthesia itself as the primary endpoint. This paper describes a method for delivering propofol-TIVA anesthesia in a mouse model of breast cancer resection that replicates key aspects of clinical delivery in cancer patients. The model can be used to study mechanisms of action of anesthesia on cancer outcomes in diverse cancer types and can be extrapolated to other non-cancer areas of preclinical anesthesia research.

An In Vivo Mouse Model of Total Intravenous Anesthesia During Cancer Resection Surgery

This paper describes a method for modeling total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) during cancer resection surgery in mice. The goal is to replicate key features of anesthesia delivery to patients with cancer. The method allows investigation of how anesthetic technique affects cancer recurrence after resection surgery.

암 절제 수술 중 전체 정맥 마취의 생체 내 마우스 모델

Anesthesia is a routine component of cancer care that is used for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The anesthetic technique has recently been ...

Establishment and Evaluation of a Porcine Vein Graft Disease Model

Venous graft disease (VGD) is the leading cause of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) failure. Large animal models of CABG-VGD are needed for the investigation of disease mechanisms and the development of therapeutic strategies. 
To perform the surgery, we enter the cardiac chamber through the third intercostal space and carefully dissect the internal mammary vein and immerse it in normal saline. The right main coronary artery is then treated for ischemia. The target vessel is incised, a shunt plug is placed, and the distal end of the graft vein is anastomosed. The ascending aorta is partially blocked, and the proximal end of the graft vein is anastomosed after perforation. The graft vein is checked for patency, and the proximal right coronary artery is ligated. 
CABG surgery is performed in minipigs to harvest the left internal mammary vein for its use as a vascular graft. Serum biochemical tests are used to evaluate the physiological status of the animals after surgery. Ultrasound examination shows that the proximal, middle, and distal end of the graft vessel are unobstructed. In the surgical model, turbulent blood flow in the graft is observed upon histological examination after the CABG surgery, and venous graft stenosis associated with intimal hyperplasia is observed in the graft. The study here provides detailed surgical procedures for the establishment of a repeatable CABG-induced VGD model.

In this protocol, novel pig vein bypass grafting was performed through a small incision in the left chest wall without cardiopulmonary bypass. A postoperative pathology study was done, which showed intimal thickening.

돼지 정맥 이식 질환 모델의 수립 및 평가

Venous graft disease (VGD) is the leading cause of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) failure. Large animal models of CABG-VGD are needed for the ...

3D Printing Model of a Patient's Specific Lumbar Vertebra

Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is a difficult, risky, and sophisticated operation, in which a laminectomy should not only expose an adequate surgical field of view but also protect the patient&#39;s spinal nerves from injury. Digital models play an important role in the pre-and intra-operation of SDR, because they can not only make doctors more familiar with the anatomical structure of the surgical site, but also provide precise surgical navigation coordinates for the manipulator. This study aims to create a 3D digital model of a patient-specific lumbar vertebra that can be used for planning, surgical navigation, and training of the SDR operation. The 3D printing model is also manufactured for more effective work during these processes.
Traditional orthopedic digital models rely almost entirely on computed tomography (CT) data, which is less sensitive to soft tissues. Fusion of the bone structure from CT and the neural structure from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the key element for the model reconstruction in this study. The patient&#39;s specific 3D digital model is reconstructed for the real appearance of the surgical area and shows the accurate measurement of inter-structural distances and regional segmentation, which can effectively help in the preoperative planning and training of SDR. The transparent bone structure material of the 3D-printed model allows surgeons to clearly distinguish the relative relationship between the spinal nerve and the vertebral plate of the operated segment, enhancing their anatomical understanding and spatial sense of the structure. The advantages of the individualized 3D digital model and its accurate relationship between spinal nerve and bone structures make this method a good choice for preoperative planning of SDR surgery.

This study aims to create a 3D-printed model of a patient-specific lumbar vertebra, which contains both the vertebra and spinal nerve models fused from high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and MRI-Dixon data.

환자의 특정 요추의 3D 프린팅 모델

Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is a difficult, risky, and sophisticated operation, in which a laminectomy should not only expose an adequate surgical ...

폐결절의 진단 및 치료를 위한 3D 재구성

A 3D Digital Model for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Nodules

The three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of pulmonary nodules using medical images has introduced new technical approaches for diagnosing and treating pulmonary nodules, and these approaches are progressively being acknowledged and adopted by physicians and patients. Nonetheless, constructing a relatively universal 3D digital model of pulmonary nodules for diagnosis and treatment is challenging due to device differences, shooting times, and nodule types. The objective of this study is to propose a new 3D digital model of pulmonary nodules that serves as a bridge between physicians and patients and is also a cutting-edge tool for pre-diagnosis and prognostic evaluation. Many AI-driven pulmonary nodule detection and recognition methods employ deep learning techniques to capture the radiological features of pulmonary nodules, and these methods can achieve a good area under-the-curve (AUC) performance. However, false positives and false negatives remain a challenge for radiologists and clinicians. The interpretation and expression of features from the perspective of pulmonary nodule classification and examination are still unsatisfactory. In this study, a method of continuous 3D reconstruction of the whole lung in horizontal and coronal positions is proposed by combining existing medical image processing technologies. Compared with other applicable methods, this method allows users to rapidly locate pulmonary nodules and identify their fundamental properties while also observing pulmonary nodules from multiple perspectives, thereby providing a more effective clinical tool for diagnosing and treating pulmonary nodules.

저자 스포트라이트: 폐 결절의 진단 및 치료를 위한 3D 디지털 모델  

The objective of this study is to develop a novel 3D digital model of pulmonary nodules that serves as a communication bridge between physicians and patients and is also a cutting-edge tool for pre-diagnosis and prognostic evaluation.

폐 결절의 진단 및 치료를 위한 3D 디지털 모델

The three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of pulmonary nodules using medical images has introduced new technical approaches for diagnosing and treating ...

수술 용 나사를 이용한 마취, 수술 및 수확 방법

요약

더 많은 비디오 탐색

이 비디오의 챕터

경쟁 손쥐 골수 이식 모델에서 기증자 세포 Engraftment를 확인하려면 수량 실시간 PCR을 사용하여

마우스의기도 신속 삽관 용 개선 된 방법

생체 외에서 혈액-뇌 장벽 돼지 뇌 내 피 세포를 기반으로 하는 모델의 설립에 대 한 방법 개선

Vivo에서 골절 뼈 쥐 마우스 대 퇴 골에 대 한 MRI-호환 Osteosynthesis 장치를 사용 하 여 치료 기간 동안 굳은 살 개발의 평가

정형외 심장 이식의 전 임상 돼지 모델

암 절제 수술 중 전체 정맥 마취의 생체 내 마우스 모델

돼지 정맥 이식 질환 모델의 수립 및 평가

환자의 특정 요추의 3D 프린팅 모델

폐 결절의 진단 및 치료를 위한 3D 디지털 모델

폐 결절의 진단 및 치료를 위한 3D 디지털 모델