Name: electrospinning of photocatalytic electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells
Uploaded: 2017-06-28T13:00:00.000+00:00
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Electrospinning of Photocatalytic Electrodes for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells at JoVE.com

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1. 전구체 용액 준비 참고 : 사용하기 전에 모든 관련 물질 안전 보건 자료 (MSDS)를 참조하십시오. 이 과정에서 사용되는 화학 물질 중 일부는 인체에 ​​해롭거나 독성이 있습니다. 나노 물질은 벌크 물질에 비해 추가적인 위험이있을 수 있습니다. 적절한 안전 조치와 개인 보호 장비를 사용하십시오. <ol><li> 시료 바이알에 티타늄 (IV) n- 부톡 사이드 5g, 폴리 비닐 피 롤리 돈 (PVP) 1g, 빙초산 1mL 및 무수 에탄올 10mL를 넣는다. </li><li> 균일 한 용액이 될 때까지 용액을 혼합하기 위해 자성 교반 판을 사용하여 기포가 관찰되지 않도록하십시오. </li></ol> 2. 나노 섬유의 전기 방사 및 소성 <ol><li> 팁이 완전히 평평해질 때까지 중등 급 사포를 사용하여 21G 바늘의 끝 부분을 잘라내어 샌더링하여 전기 방사 프로세스에 사용되는 바늘을 준비합니다. </li><li> 필요를 채워라.1 회용 10 mL 주사기에 넣으십시오. </li><li> 일부 전구체 용액을 주사기에 넣고 주사기 펌프에 놓습니다. </li><li> 알루미늄 포일로 수집 판을 감싸고 바늘 끝 바로 앞에 놓습니다. 참고 : 바늘에서 판까지의 거리는 20cm가되어야합니다. </li><li> 콜렉터 플레이트를 접지에 연결하고 바늘을 고전압 전원에 연결하십시오. </li><li> 셋업 주위에 보호 실드를 설치하십시오. </li><li> 주사기 펌프의 유속을 1 mL / h로 설정하고 펌핑을 시작하십시오. </li><li> 니들 끝 부분에 일부 용액이 나타나면 즉시 고전압 소스를 켜고 15kV로 설정하십시오. 참고 :이 시점에서 섬유가 플레이트에 수집됩니다. 섬유 매트의 원하는 두께를 얻기 위해 필요한만큼 길게 설치하십시오. </li><li> 회전이 완료된 후 고전압 소스와 주사기 펌프를 끄십시오. 집 전판에서 호일을 제거하십시오. </li><li> 섬유가 쉬게하자.밤새도록 벗겨 낸 다음 알루미늄 호일에서 벗겨냅니다. </li><li> 껍질을 벗긴 섬유를 도가니에 넣고 머플로에 넣으십시오. </li><li> 500 ° C까지 5 ° / min의 온도 상승을 설정하고 2 시간 동안 PVP를 제거하고 순수한 TiO2 나노 섬유를 생성하여 섬유를 소성합니다. </li><li> 일단 소성 과정이 완료되면 열충격을 피하기 위해 온도가 80 ° C 이하가 될 때까지 퍼니스를 닫아두고 섬유가 손상 될 수 있습니다. </li></ol> 3. 전극 제작 <ol><li> 슬러리의 제조 <ol><li> 둥근 바닥 플라스크에 에탄올 20 mL에 이산화 티타늄 페이스트 500 mg을 넣는다. </li><li> 별도의 플라스크에 500mg의 전기 방사 된 TiO 2 -NF와 다른 20mL의 에탄올을 섞는다. </li><li> 욕조 초음파기를 사용하여 2 시간 동안 용액을 초음파 처리하십시오. </li><li> 균일 한 혼합물이 얻어지면 각 플라스크에 2 mL의 테르 피네 올을 넣고다른 15 분. </li><li> 회전 증발기를 사용하여 두 플라스크의 용매를 증발시켜 슬러리를 얻습니다. </li></ol></li><li> 닥터 블레이 딩 및 소결 <ol><li> 다이아몬드 유리 커터를 사용하여 FTO 전도성 유리 슬라이드를 2cm x 2cm 사각형으로 자릅니다. </li><li> 유리 슬라이드 위에 접착 테이프를 붙여서 작업 영역에 FTO 슬라이드를 고정시키고 중앙에 0.4cm 2 영역을 노출 시키십시오. 불규칙한 코팅을 방지하려면 테이프를 평행 한 두면에 먼저 놓은 다음 다른 두면에 놓습니다. </li><li> 노출 된 슬라이드 중앙에 TiO 2 -NP 슬러리를 몇 방울 떨어 뜨립니다. </li><li> 면도날을 사용하여 슬러리를 노출 된 부위에 골고루 퍼지십시오. </li><li> 균일 한 코팅이 이루어지면 조심스럽게 접착 테이프를 제거하십시오. </li><li> 퍼니스에 코팅 된 슬라이드를 놓고 2 시간 동안 500 ° C에서 소결시킵니다. </li><li> 동일한 FTO 슬라이드에서 3.2.2-3.2.6 단계를 반복하십시오. 이번에는 TiO2 - NF 슬러리를 사용하십시오.나노 입자를 제거하여 광양자를 얻는다. </li></ol></li></ol> 4. NF 특성화 <ol><li> SEM 특성화 <ol><li> 현미경 스텁에 접착 탄소 테이프 스트립을 부착하여 SEM 용 샘플을 준비합니다. 조심스럽게 테이프에 소량의 나노 섬유를 놓습니다. </li><li> 스터브를 샘플 홀더에 장착하고 장비의 교환 챔버에로드하십시오. </li><li> 기기 조건과 파라미터를 설정하십시오 : 가속 전압을 20 kV로, 작동 거리를 10 mm로 설정하십시오. </li><li> 샘플의 이미지를 수집하여 재료의 전체 형태를 표시하는지 확인하십시오. </li></ol></li><li> XRD 특성 <ol><li> 부드럽게 일부 나노 섬유를 미세 분말로 갈아서 XRD 단계에 고르게 펼칩니다. </li><li> 회절 계에 샘플을로드하십시오. </li><li> 획득 매개 변수 설정 : 시작 각도 10 °, 끝 각도 80 °,다단계 크기 0.015 °. </li><li> XRD 데이터 수집을 시작합니다. </li></ol></li></ol> 5. 태양 전지 제조 <ol><li> 75 ° C에서 45 분 동안 TiCl 4 수용액으로 photoanode를 처리한다. 처리 후 탈 이온수로 씻어서 말립니다. </li><li> 어두운 조건에서 24 시간 동안 절대 에탄올에서 루테늄 염료 N719의 0.5-mM 용액에 침지시켜 photoanode를 감광시킨다. </li><li> photoanode와 counter-electrode 사이에 열가소성 개스킷 역할을하기 위해 sensitized photoanode 위에 밀봉 필름 시트를 놓습니다. </li><li> 중앙에 미리 뚫어 놓은 구멍이있는 Pt 코팅 FTO 반대 전극을 양면이 서로 마주 보도록 밀봉 필름 위에 놓습니다. </li><li> 조립 된 셀을 100 ℃로 15 분간 가열하여 개스킷을 밀봉하십시오. </li><li> 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide (0.8M), iodine (0.1M), 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide 용액으로 구성된 산화 환원 중재제 몇 방울을 넣는다.및 3- 메 톡시 프로 피오 니트릴 중 벤즈 이미 다졸 (0.3 M)을 첨가 하였다. </li><li> 산화 환원 매개체가 조립 된 세포의 내부 공간을 채우도록 진공 데시 케이 터에 세포를 놓습니다. </li></ol> 6. JV 커브 특성화 <ol><li> AM1.5G 필터를 통과 한 크세논 아크 소스에서 100mW / cm 2 조명 아래의 디지털 소스 미터를 사용하여 JV 곡선을 얻습니다. </li></ol>

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저자는 공개 할 것이 없습니다.

이 연구에서 제시된 방법은 DSSC와 같은 광촉매 장치를위한 효율적인 나노 파이버 광 노드의 제조를 기술한다. Electrospinning은 나노 섬유 제조에 매우 다양한 기술이지만, 최적의 형태를 가진 물질을 얻으려면 일정 수준의 기술과 지식이 필요합니다. 좋은 나노 섬유를 얻기위한 가장 중요한 측면 중 하나는 전구체 용액의 준비입니다. 캐리어 폴리머의 농도와 티타늄 전구체의 선택과 같은 몇 가지 ?...

염료 감응 형 태양 전지 (DSSC)는 저비용, 상대적으로 간단한 제조 공정 및 대규모 생산 용이성 덕분에 실리콘 기반 태양 전지 1 에 대한 흥미로운 대안입니다. 또 다른 이점은 실리콘 기반 태양 전지에 비해 뚜렷한 장점 인 플렉시블 기판에 통합 될 가능성이다. 전형적인 DSSC는 (1) 광 수확 층 (light harvesting layer)으로서 염료로 감작 된 나노 입자 TiO2 광 이온 (photoanode); (2) 상대 전극으로 사용되는 Pt 코팅 된 FTO; 및 (3) &quot;홀 전도성 매질 (hole-conducting medium)&quot;로서 작용하는 두 전극 사이에 배치 된 산화 환원 커플 (예 : I- / I3-)을 함유하는 전해질. DSSCs가 15 % 3 의 능가 능을 능가하더라도, nanoparticle 근거한 photanodes의 성과는 느린 전자 기동성을 포함하여 다수 제한에 의해 아직도, 아직도 방해됩니다y 4 , 저에너지 광자 5 의 가난한 흡수 및 전하 재결합 6 . 전자 수집 효율은 TiO2 나노 입자 층을 통한 전자 전달 속도에 크게 의존한다. 전하 확산이 느리다면, 전해질 용액에서 I3과 재결합 할 확률이 높아져 효율이 저하된다. 나노 입자 TiO2를 1 차원 (1D) TiO2 나노 구조로 대체하면 상호 연결된 TiO2 나노 입자의 입계에서 자유 전자의 산란을 감소시킴으로써 전하 수송을 향상시킬 수 있다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 1D 나노 구조가 전하 수집을위한보다 직접적인 경로를 제공하기 때문에, 나노 섬유 (NFs)에서의 전자 전달은 나노 입자 8 보다 훨씬 빠르다는 것을 기대할 수있다 . </sup&gt; 9 . Electrospinning은 직경이 sub-micron 인 섬유 소재의 제조에 가장 일반적으로 사용되는 방법 중 하나입니다. 이 기술은 방 사구를 통해 고분자 용액 분사의 방출을 유도하는 고전압의 사용을 포함합니다. 벤딩 불안정성으로 인해,이 제트는이어서 연속 나노 파이버를 형성하기 위해 여러 번 연신됩니다. 최근이 기술은 조직 공학 11 , 촉매 작용 12 및 리튬 이온 배터리 13 및 수퍼 커패시터 14의 전극 재료와 같이 다양하고 다양한 용도에 사용 되어온 고분자 및 무기 재료를 제조하는 데 광범위하게 사용되었습니다. 광 애노드에서 산란 층으로 전기 방사 된 TiO 2 -NF를 사용하면 DSSC의 성능을 향상시킬 수 있습니다. 그러나, nanofibro와 photoanodes우리 아키텍처는 표면적 제한으로 인해 염료 흡수가 열세 인 경향이 있습니다. 이를 극복하기위한 가능한 해결책 중 하나는 NF와 나노 입자를 혼합하는 것입니다. 이것은 광 흡수 및 전반적인 효율을 향상시키는 추가적인 산란 층을 가져 오는 것으로 나타났습니다 15 . 이 비디오에서 제시된 프로토콜은 소성 과정을 거친 전기 방사 및 졸 - 겔 기술의 조합을 통해 초소형 TiO2 나노 섬유를 합성하는 쉬운 방법을 제공합니다. 그 프로토콜은 닥터 블레이 딩 기술을 사용하여 향상된 광산란 기능을 가진 이중층 포토 노드의 제조를위한 나노 입자 TiO 2 와 TiO 2 -NF의 조합을 사용하는 것과 DSO의 후속 조립을 photoanode.

<table><tbody><tr><td>titanium(IV) n-butoxide</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>244112</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Polyvinylpyrrolidone</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>437190</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>glacial acetic acid</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>A6283</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ethanol, absolute</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>E/0650DF/17</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>20 mL Sample vials</td><td>(any)</td><td></td><td>(or larger volume)</td></tr><tr><td>disposable 21G needle</td><td>(any)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>P150 grit sandpaper</td><td>(any)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>disposable 10mL syringe</td><td>(any)</td><td></td><td>(or larger volume)</td></tr><tr><td>magnetic stirrer + stirring bar</td><td>(any)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PHD 2000 syringe pump</td><td>Harvard Apparatus</td><td>71-2002</td><td>(or any other syringe pump capable of outputting a 1mL/hr flow</td></tr><tr><td>Aluminium foil</td><td>(any)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stainless steel collector plate</td><td>(custom built)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>High Voltage Power Source</td><td>Gamma High Voltage Research, Inc</td><td>ES30P-10W</td><td>(or any other power supply capable of outputting +15 kV</td></tr><tr><td>Polycarbonate protective shield</td><td>(custom built)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramic crucible</td><td>(any)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Muffle furnace</td><td>(any)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Titanium dioxide, nanopowder</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>718467</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>50 mL 1-neck round bottom flasks</td><td>(any)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>bath sonicator</td><td>(any)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Terpineol</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rotary evaporator</td><td>(any)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FTO glass</td><td>Solaronix</td><td>TCO30-10/LI</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Adhesive tape</td><td>(any)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>razor blade</td><td>(any)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SEM</td><td>JEOL</td><td>6500F</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>XRD</td><td>PANalytical&amp;nbsp;</td><td>X&#039;pert Pro</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Titanium Tetrachloride</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>89545</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ruthenizer&amp;nbsp; 535-bisTBA</td><td>Solaronix</td><td>N719</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>sealing film</td><td>Dyesol</td><td>Meltonix 1170-25</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pt-coated FTO</td><td>Solaronix</td><td>TCO30-10/LI</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>49637</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Iodine</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>207772</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>benzimidazole</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>194123</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3-Methoxypropionitrile</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>65290</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Digital source meter</td><td>Keithley</td><td>2400</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Solar Simulator</td><td>Abet technologies</td><td>10500</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

electrospinning of photocatalytic electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells

이 작품은 상업적으로 사용할 수있는 이산화 티탄으로 만든 차단 층 위에 전기 방사 된 이산화 티타늄 나노 섬유 (TiO 2 -NFs)로 만든 광산란 층으로 구성된 염료 감응 태양 전지용 광섬유 기반 광전지를 제조하기위한 프로토콜을 시연합니다. 나노 입자 (TiO2 - Np)를 포함한다. 이는 복합 PVP / TiO2 나노 섬유를 얻기 위해 에탄올 내에서 티타늄 (IV) 부톡 사이드, 폴리 비닐 피 롤리 돈 (PVP) 및 빙초산의 용액을 먼저 전기 방사함으로써 달성된다. 그런 다음 이들을 500 ℃에서 하소하여 PVP를 제거하고 순수한 아나타제 상 티타니아 나노 파이버를 얻습니다. 이 물질은 주 사형 전자 현미경 (SEM) 및 분말 X 선 회절 (XRD)을 사용하여 특성화됩니다. photoanode는 닥터 블레이 딩 (doctor blading) 기술을 사용하여 불소가 도핑 된 산화 주석 (FTO) 유리 슬라이드 위에 TiO 2 -NPs / terpineol 슬러리를 증착하여 차단 층을 먼저 생성하여 준비됩니다. 후속 열처리500 ℃에서 수행한다. 그런 다음 동일한 기술을 사용하여 동일한 슬라이드에 TiO 2 -NFs / terpineol 슬러리를 증착하고 500 ℃에서 다시 소성하여 광산란 층을 형성합니다. 광 애노드의 성능은 염료 감응 형 태양 전지를 제작하고 0.25-1 일의 입사광 밀도 범위에서 JV 곡선을 통해 효율을 측정함으로써 시험된다.

TiO2 나노 섬유는 SEM, X- 선 광전자 분광법 (XPS) 및 XRD를 사용하여 특성화 하였다. photoanode의 나노 구조는 SEM을 사용하여 특성화되었다. 조립 된 DSSC의 성능은 솔라 시뮬레이터와 소스 측정 유닛을 사용하여 테스트되었습니다. 그림 1A 의 SEM 이미지는이 프로토콜을 사용하여 합성 된 나노 섬유가 다공성 구?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Electrospinning of Photocatalytic Electrodes for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells at JoVE.com

Electrospinning of Photocatalytic Electrodes for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

이 프로젝트의 전반적인 목표는 전기 방사를 사용하여 염료 감응 형 태양 전지의 향상된 성능으로 광양자를 제조하는 것이 었습니다.

염료 감응 태양 전지용 광촉매 전극의 전기 방사

This work demonstrates a protocol to fabricate a fiber-based photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cells, consisting of a light-scattering layer made of ...

electrospinning-photocatalytic-electrodes-for-dye-sensitized-solar

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

9.6K 조회수.  Victoria University of Wellington.  이 프로젝트의 전반적인 목표는 전기 방사를 사용하여 염료 감응 형 태양 전지의 향상된 성능으로 광양자를 제조하는 것이 었습니다. 

비디오: Electrospinning of Photocatalytic Electrodes for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

Electrospinning Fundamentals: Optimizing Solution and Apparatus Parameters

Electrospun nanofiber scaffolds have been shown to accelerate the maturation, improve the growth, and direct the migration of cells in vitro. Electrospinning is a process in which a charged polymer jet is collected on a grounded collector; a rapidly rotating collector results in aligned nanofibers while stationary collectors result in randomly oriented fiber mats. The polymer jet is formed when an applied electrostatic charge overcomes the surface tension of the solution. There is a minimum concentration for a given polymer, termed the critical entanglement concentration, below which a stable jet cannot be achieved and no nanofibers will form - although nanoparticles may be achieved (electrospray). A stable jet has two domains, a streaming segment and a whipping segment. While the whipping jet is usually invisible to the naked eye, the streaming segment is often visible under appropriate lighting conditions. Observing the length, thickness, consistency and movement of the stream is useful to predict the alignment and morphology of the nanofibers being formed. A short, non-uniform, inconsistent, and/or oscillating stream is indicative of a variety of problems, including poor fiber alignment, beading, splattering, and curlicue or wavy patterns. The stream can be optimized by adjusting the composition of the solution and the configuration of the electrospinning apparatus, thus optimizing the alignment and morphology of the fibers being produced. In this protocol, we present a procedure for setting up a basic electrospinning apparatus, empirically approximating the critical entanglement concentration of a polymer solution and optimizing the electrospinning process. In addition, we discuss some common problems and troubleshooting techniques.

Electrospinning techniques can create a variety of nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering or other applications. We describe here a procedure to optimize the parameters of the electrospinning solution and apparatus to obtain fibers with the desired morphology and alignment. Common problems and troubleshooting techniques are also presented.

Electrospinning 기본 : 최적화 솔루션 및 장치 매개 변수

Electrospun nanofiber scaffolds have been shown to accelerate the maturation, improve the growth, and direct the migration of cells in vitro. ...

연구

생체공학

Integrating a Triplet-triplet Annihilation Up-conversion System to Enhance Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Response to Sub-bandgap Light

The poor response of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) to red and infrared light is a significant impediment to the realization of higher photocurrents and hence higher efficiencies. Photon up-conversion by way of triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA-UC) is an attractive technique for using these otherwise wasted low energy photons to produce photocurrent, while not interfering with the photoanodic performance in a deleterious manner. Further to this, TTA-UC has a number of features, distinct from other reported photon up-conversion technologies, which renders it particularly suitable for coupling with DSC technology. In this work, a proven high performance TTA-UC system, comprising a palladium porphyrin sensitizer and rubrene emitter, is combined with a high performance DSC (utilizing the organic dye D149) in an integrated device. The device shows an enhanced response to sub-bandgap light over the absorption range of the TTA-UC sub-unit resulting in the highest figure of merit for up-conversion assisted DSC performance to date.

An integrated device, incorporating a dye-sensitized solar cell and triplet-triplet annihilation up-conversion unit was produced, affording enhanced light harvesting, from a wider section of the solar spectrum. Under modest irradiation levels a significantly enhanced response to low energy photons was demonstrated, yielding a record figure of merit for dye-sensitized solar cells.

삼중 항 - 삼중 종말 최대 변환 시스템을 통합하면 하위 밴드 갭 빛에 염료 감응 형 태양 전지의 응답을 향상시키기 위해

The poor response of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) to red and infrared light is a significant impediment to the realization of higher photocurrents ...

공학

Postproduction Processing of Electrospun Fibres for Tissue Engineering

Electrospinning is a commonly used and versatile method to produce scaffolds (often biodegradable) for 3D tissue engineering.1, 2, 3 Many tissues in vivo undergo biaxial distension to varying extents such as skin, bladder, pelvic floor and even the hard palate as children grow. In producing scaffolds for these purposes there is a need to develop scaffolds of appropriate biomechanical properties (whether achieved without or with cells) and which are sterile for clinical use. The focus of this paper is not how to establish basic electrospinning parameters (as there is extensive literature on electrospinning) but on how to modify spun scaffolds post production to make them fit for tissue engineering purposes - here thickness, mechanical properties and sterilisation (required for clinical use) are considered and we also describe how cells can be cultured on scaffolds and subjected to biaxial strain to condition them for specific applications.
Electrospinning tends to produce thin sheets; as the electrospinning collector becomes coated with insulating fibres it becomes a poor conductor such that fibres no longer deposit on it. Hence we describe approaches to produce thicker structures by heat or vapour annealing increasing the strength of scaffolds but not necessarily the elasticity. Sequential spinning of scaffolds of different polymers to achieve complex scaffolds is also described. Sterilisation methodologies can adversely affect strength and elasticity of scaffolds. We compare three methods for their effects on the biomechanical properties on electrospun scaffolds of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA).
Imaging of cells on scaffolds and assessment of production of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins by cells on scaffolds is described. Culturing cells on scaffolds in vitro can improve scaffold strength and elasticity but the tissue engineering literature shows that cells often fail to produce appropriate ECM when cultured under static conditions. There are few commercial systems available that allow one to culture cells on scaffolds under dynamic conditioning regimes - one example is the Bose Electroforce 3100 which can be used to exert a conditioning programme on cells in scaffolds held using mechanical grips within a media filled chamber.4 An approach to a budget cell culture bioreactor for controlled distortion in 2 dimensions is described. We show that cells can be induced to produce elastin under these conditions. Finally assessment of the biomechanical properties of processed scaffolds cultured with or without cells is described.

Electrospun scaffolds can be processed post production for tissue engineering applications. Here we describe methods for spinning complex scaffolds (by consecutive spinning), for making thicker scaffolds (by multi-layering using heat or vapour annealing), for achieving sterility (aseptic production or sterilisation post production) and for achieving appropriate biomechanical properties.

조직 공학을위한 Electrospun의 Fibres의 Postproduction 처리

Electrospinning is a commonly used and versatile method to produce  scaffolds (often biodegradable) for 3D tissue engineering.1, 2, 3 Many tissues in vivo ...

Printing Fabrication of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells and In Situ Morphology Characterization

Polymer-based materials hold promise as low-cost, flexible efficient photovoltaic devices. Most laboratory efforts to achieve high performance devices have used devices prepared by spin coating, a process that is not amenable to large-scale fabrication. This mismatch in device fabrication makes it difficult to translate quantitative results obtained in the laboratory to the commercial level, making optimization difficult. Using a mini-slot die coater, this mismatch can be resolved by translating the commercial process to the laboratory and characterizing the structure formation in the active layer of the device in real time and in situ as films are coated onto a substrate. The evolution of the morphology was characterized under different conditions, allowing us to propose a mechanism by which the structures form and grow. This mini-slot die coater offers a simple, convenient, material efficient route by which the morphology in the active layer can be optimized under industrially relevant conditions. The goal of this protocol is to show experimental details of how a solar cell device is fabricated using a mini-slot die coater and technical details of running in situ structure characterization using the mini-slot die coater.

Printing Fabrication of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells and In Situ Morphology Characterization

Here, we present a protocol to fabricate organic thin film solar cells using a mini-slot die coater and related in-line structure characterizations using synchrotron scattering techniques.

벌크 이종 접합 태양 전지의 인쇄 제작 및<em&gt; 현장에서</em&gt; 형태학 특성

Polymer-based materials hold promise as low-cost, flexible efficient photovoltaic devices. Most laboratory efforts to achieve high performance devices ...

Digital Printing of Titanium Dioxide for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

Silicon solar cell manufacturing is an expensive and high energy consuming process. In contrast, dye sensitized solar cell production is less environmentally damaging with lower processing temperatures presenting a viable and low cost alternative to conventional production. This paper further enhances these environmental credentials by evaluating the digital printing and therefore additive production route for these cells. This is achieved here by investigating the formation and performance of a metal oxide photoelectrode using nanoparticle sized titanium dioxide. An ink-jettable material was formulated, characterized and printed with a piezoelectric inkjet head to produce a 2.6 &#181;m thick layer. The resultant printed layer was fabricated into a functioning cell with an active area of 0.25 cm2 and a power conversion efficiency of 3.5%. The binder-free formulation resulted in a reduced processing temperature of 250 &#176;C, compatible with flexible polyamide substrates which are stable up to temperatures of 350 &#730;C. The authors are continuing to develop this process route by investigating inkjet printing of other layers within dye sensitized solar cells.

This paper investigates the suitability of inkjet printing for the manufacturing of dye-sensitized solar cells. A binder-free TiO2 nanoparticle ink was formulated and printed onto a FTO glass substrate. The printed layer was fabricated into a cell with an active area of 0.25 cm2 and an efficiency of 3.5%.

염료 감응 형 태양 전지에 대한 이산화 티타늄의 디지털 인쇄

Silicon solar cell manufacturing is an expensive and high energy consuming process. In contrast, dye sensitized solar cell production is less ...

Electrospinning Fibrous Polymer Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Cell Culture

As the field of tissue engineering evolves, there is a tremendous demand to produce more suitable materials and processing techniques in order to address the requirements (e.g., mechanics and vascularity) of more intricate organs and tissues. Electrospinning is a popular technique to create fibrous scaffolds that mimic the architecture and size scale of the native extracellular matrix. These fibrous scaffolds are also useful as cell culture substrates since the fibers can be used to direct cellular behavior, including stem cell differentiation (see extensive reviews by Mauck et al. and Sill et al. for more information). In this article, we describe the general process of electrospinning polymers and as an example, electrospin a reactive hyaluronic acid capable of crosslinking with light exposure (see Ifkovits et al. for a review on photocrosslinkable materials). We also introduce further processing capabilities such as photopatterning and multi-polymer scaffold formation. Photopatterning can be used to create scaffolds with channels and multi-scale porosity to increase cellular infiltration and tissue distribution. Multi-polymer scaffolds are useful to better tune the properties (mechanics and degradation) of a scaffold, including tailored porosity for cellular infiltration. Furthermore, these techniques can be extended to include a wide array of polymers and reactive macromers to create complex scaffolds that provide the cues necessary for the development of successful tissue engineered constructs.

The process of electrospinning polymers for tissue engineering and cell culture is addressed in this article. Specifically, the electrospinning of photoreactive macromers with additional processing capabilities of photopatterning and multi-polymer electrospinning is described.

조직 공학 및 세포 배양을위한 섬유 고분자의 공사장 공중 발판을 Electrospinning

As the field of tissue engineering evolves, there is a tremendous demand to produce more suitable materials and processing techniques in order to address ...

생물학

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions

Developing photocatalytic H2 production devices is the one of the key steps for constructing a global H2-based renewable energy infrastructure. A number of photoactive assemblies have emerged where a photosensitizer and cobaloxime-based H2 production catalysts work in tandem to convert light energy into the H-H chemical bonds. However, the long-term instability of these assemblies and the need for hazardous proton sources have limited their usage. Here, in this work, we have integrated a stilbene-based organic dye into the periphery of a cobaloxime core via a distinct axial pyridine linkage. This strategy allowed us to develop a photosensitizer-catalyst hybrid structure with the same molecular framework. In this article, we have explained the detailed procedure of the synthesis of this hybrid molecule in addition to its comprehensive chemical characterization. The structural and optical studies have exhibited an intense electronic interaction between the cobaloxime core and the organic photosensitizer. The cobaloxime was active for H2 production even in the presence of water as the proton source. Here, we have developed a simple airtight system connected with an online H2 detector for the investigation of the photocatalytic activity by this hybrid complex. This photosensitizer-catalyst dyad present in the experimental setup continuously produced H2 once it was exposed in the natural sunlight. This photocatalytic H2 production by the hybrid complex was observed in aqueous/organic mixture media in the presence of a sacrificial electron donor under complete aerobic conditions. Thus, this photocatalysis measurement system along with the photosensitizer-catalyst dyad provide valuable insight for the development of next generation photocatalytic H2 production devices.

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions

We have directly incorporated a stilbene-based organic dye into a cobaloxime core to generate a photosensitizer-catalyst dyad for photocatalytic H2 production. We have also developed a simple experimental setup for evaluating the light-driven H2 production by photocatalytic assemblies.

수성 에어로빅 조건에서 태양광 구동 H2 생산을 위한 광전지-코발록시메 하이브리드 개발

Developing photocatalytic H2 production devices is the one of the key steps for constructing a global H2-based renewable energy infrastructure. A number ...

화학

Fully Automated Centrifugal Microfluidic Device for Ultrasensitive Protein Detection from Whole Blood

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a promising method to detect small amount of proteins in biological samples. The devices providing a platform for reduced sample volume and assay time as well as full automation are required for potential use in point-of-care-diagnostics. Recently, we have demonstrated ultrasensitive detection of serum proteins, C-reactive protein (CRP) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI), utilizing a lab-on-a-disc composed of TiO2 nanofibrous (NF) mats. It showed a large dynamic range with femto molar (fM) detection sensitivity, from a small volume of whole blood in 30 min. The device consists of several components for blood separation, metering, mixing, and washing that are automated for improved sensitivity from low sample volumes. Here, in the video demonstration, we show the experimental protocols and know-how for the fabrication of NFs as well as the disc, their integration and the operation in the following order: processes for preparing TiO2 NF mat; transfer-printing of TiO2 NF mat onto the disc; surface modification for immune-reactions, disc assembly and operation; on-disc detection and representative results for immunoassay. Use of this device enables multiplexed analysis with minimal consumption of samples and reagents. Given the advantages, the device should find use in a wide variety of applications, and prove beneficial in facilitating the analysis of low abundant proteins.

This protocol demonstrates how to achieve femto molar detection sensitivity of proteins in 10 &#181;L of whole blood within 30 min. This can be achieved by using electrospun nanofibrous mats integrated in a lab-on-a-disc, which offers high surface area as well as effective mixing and washing for enhanced signal-to-noise ratio.

전혈에서 고감도 단백질 검출을위한 완전 자동화 된 원심 미세 유체 장치

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a promising method to detect small amount of proteins in biological samples. The devices providing a platform ...

High-resolution Patterning Using Two Modes of Electrohydrodynamic Jet: Drop on Demand and Near-field Electrospinning

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing has drawn attention in various fields because it can be used as a high-resolution and low-cost direct patterning tool. EHD printing uses a fluidic supplier to maintain the extruded meniscus by pushing the ink out of the nozzle tip. The electric field is then used to pull the meniscus down to the substrate to produce high-resolution patterns. Two modes of EHD printing have been used for fine patterning: continuous near-field electrospinning (NFES) and dot-based drop-on-demand (DOD) EHD printing. According to the printing modes, the requirements for the printing equipment and ink viscosity will differ. Even though two different modes can be implemented with a single EHD printer, the realization methods significantly differ in terms of ink, fluidic system, and driving voltage. Consequently, without a proper understanding of the jetting requirements and limitations, it is difficult to obtain the desired results. The purpose of this paper is to present a guideline so that inexperienced researchers can reduce the trial and error efforts to use the EHD jet for their specific research and development purposes. To demonstrate the fine-patterning implementation, we use Ag nanoparticle ink for the conductive patterning in the protocol. In addition, we also present the generalized printing guidelines that can be used for other types of ink for various fine-patterning applications.

Here, we present a protocol to produce high-resolution conductive patterns using electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing. The protocol includes two modes of EHD jet printing: the continuous near-field electrospinning (NFES) and the dot-based drop-on-demand (DOD) EHD printing.

충돌기 제트의 두 가지 모드를 사용 하 여 패턴 고해상도: 수요와 근처-필드 전기에

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing has drawn attention in various fields because it can be used as a high-resolution and low-cost direct patterning ...

Vapor Phase Deposition of Electroactive Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) onto Electrospun Commodity Polymer Nanofibers

This study investigates the preparation of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers through electrospinning to create highly porous and strong materials for applications in water purification, electrocatalysis, and biomedicine. The uniformly white PAN nanofiber mats were cut into 2 cm x 2 cm coupons to ensure consistency. After electrospinning, these nanofibers were coated with an electroactive polymer (EAP) using chemical vapor deposition, with iron (III) chloride (FeCl3) serving as an oxidant for polymerizing 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) into poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). The study examined the impact of different FeCl3 concentrations on PEDOT deposition on the PAN coupons. PEDOT deposition led to an increase in coupon weight. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed increases in the diameter of the nanofibers treated with increasing FeCl3 oxidant concentration, although higher FeCl3&#160;concentrations caused inter-fiber bridging, implying a concomitant decrease in inter-fiber spacing. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used to confirm the presence of Fe, Cl, and S in the nanofibers, with sulfur content rising with FeCl3&#160;concentration used, suggesting increased PEDOT deposition efficiency with increasing oxidant concentration. Mechanical testing showed that PEDOT-coated PAN fibers had improved tensile strength and toughness in the hydrated state compared to pure PAN nanofibers. These results highlight the crucial role of FeCl3&#160;concentration in influencing the morphology and properties of PAN-PEDOT composites, enhancing their suitability for applications such as water purification, tissue engineering, biosensing, catalysis, and energy storage.

This paper describes a simple technique for coating electrospun PAN nanofibers with electroactive polymers using vapor deposition. The effects of the oxidant FeCl&#8323; on the deposition of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) coatings on PAN were investigated to understand and optimize polymer growth, fiber diameter, and overall mechanical strength of the nanofiber mats.

전기 방사 상품 고분자 나노 섬유에 전기 활성 폴리 (3,4- 에틸렌 디옥시 티오펜)의 기상 증착

This study investigates the preparation of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers through electrospinning to create highly porous and strong materials for ...

염료 감응 태양 전지용 광촉매 전극의 전기 방사

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