이 논문에서 설명하는 작업은 CII-HK / PolyU 혁신 기금에서 교부금에 의해 지원되었다. 또한 지원은 선전 공작 계획 (KQTD2015071616442225)와 중국 정부 &quot;천 재능&quot;프로그램 (Y62HB31601)에 의해 제공되었다. 또한, 응용 생물학과 및 화학 기술 홍콩 폴리 테크닉 대학 및 지속 가능한 도시 개발을위한 홍콩 폴리 테크닉 대학 연구소 (RISUD)의 도움에 감사드립니다.

HGM 1. 전처리 <ol><li> 무수 알코올 200 mL를 500 mL의 비커에 HGM 장소; 깨지지 HGM의 저밀도는 알코올에 정지되게되지만 깨진 HGM의 밀도가 알코올보다 크므로,이 용액에 침전. 30 분 후, 추가 애플리케이션의 오븐에서 80 ℃에서 건조하고 깨끗한 숟가락을 사용하여 현탁 HGM 수집. </li></ol> MCHGM 2. 합성 <ol><li> 깨지지 HGM 5g을 에탄올 47.5 ㎖, 및 3 구 플라스크에 탈 이온수 250 mL로 놓는다. 20 분 (예비 혼합) 400 R / 분으로 혼합 모터를 사용하여 교반 하였다. </li><li> TBT 15g을, PFOTES 1 g을 200 ㎖의 비이커에 무수 알코올 30 mL를 섞는다. 정압 깔때기에 혼합물을 붓고. </li><li> 세 구 플라스크의 구멍 중 하나에 정압 깔때기를 삽입한다. 의 속도로 3 구 플라스크에 정압 깔때기에 포함 된 혼합물을 삭제정압 깔때기의 밸브를 조정함으로써 달성되는 7 개 당 1 방울들. 3 시간 동안 반응을 계속합니다. </li><li> 수열 반응기에 3 구 플라스크에서 혼합 붓는다. 6 시간 동안 180 ℃로 오븐에서 적합한 강철 슬리브 밀폐 반응기를 넣어. 참고 : 원자로가 적절한 커버이 있는지 확인하십시오. 이 피복 한 후, 강철 슬리브 내로 넣어 반응기. 슬리브는 커버로 밀봉한다. </li><li> 반응이 끝난 후, 큰 숟가락을 사용하여 수열 반응기에 현탁하고 샘플을 수집한다. 4 시간이 MCHGM을 수득하여 80 ℃에서 샘플을 건조. </li></ol> F-3의 합성 SCHGM <ol><li> 깨지지 HGM 5 g을, 무수 에탄올 475 ㎖, 및 3 구 플라스크에 탈 이온수 250 mL를 넣고. 20 분 (예비 혼합) 400 R / 분으로 혼합 모터를 사용하여 교반 하였다. PFOTES 1 g 및 200 ㎖의 비이커에 무수 에탄올 30 mL를 섞는다. PFOTES 절대 전자 이동일정한 압력 깔때기 thanol 혼합물. </li><li> 세 구 플라스크에 정압 깔때기를 삽입한다. 7 개 (S) 당 1 방울의 속도로 3 구 플라스크에 정압 깔때기에 포함 된 혼합물을 놓는다. 3 시간 동안 실행 반응을 보자. </li><li> 수열 반응기에 3 구 플라스크에서 혼합 옮긴다. 6 시간 동안 180 ℃로 오븐에 넣어 밀봉 반응기. 반응이 끝난 후, 큰 숟가락을 사용하여 수열 반응기에 현탁하고 샘플을 수집한다. F-SCHGM을 구하는 4 시간 동안 80 ℃에서 샘플을 건조. </li></ol> 티 - SCHGM 4. 합성 <ol><li> 깨지지 HGM 5 g을, 무수 에탄올 475 ㎖, 및 3 구 플라스크에 탈 이온수 250 mL로 놓는다. 20 분 (예비 혼합) 400 R / 분 교반 하였다. TBT 15 g 및 200 ㎖의 비이커에 무수 에탄올 30 mL를 섞는다. 정압 깔때기에 TBT과 무수 에탄올의 혼합물을 전송. </li><li> 상수-대가를 삽입확인 3 구 플라스크에 깔때기. 7 개 (S) 당 1 방울의 속도로 3 구 플라스크에 정압 깔때기에 혼합물을 놓는다. 3 시간 동안 실행 반응을 보자. </li><li> 수열 반응기에 3 구 플라스크에서 혼합 옮긴다. 6 시간 동안 180 ℃로 오븐에 넣어 밀봉 반응기. 반응이 끝난 후 수열 반응의 샘플을 수집한다. 티 - SCHGM을 구하는 4 시간 동안 80 ℃에서 샘플을 건조. </li></ol> 5. 요소 특성 분석 <ol><li> 모든 샘플에 대한 XRD 특성 분석을 실시한다. 구리 Kα 방사선 (λ = 0.15406 ㎚)과 10 ° 내지 80 ° 범위의 2θ로 매우 다양한 범용 X 선 회절 장치를 사용하여 데이터를 수집한다. </li><li> 주사 전자 현미경 (20), 금 샘플을 분무 후 21 개 이미지를 획득. SEM을 테스트하는 동안, EDS가 특정 영역에 실시하고 있습니다. </li><li> 측정합니다접촉각 접촉 각도 각도계 (22)를 사용하여; 물 드롭 볼륨은 10 μL해야합니다. </li><li> 표면의 경사 각도를 변경하여 전락 각을 측정한다 (23). 물 드롭 그냥 아래로 슬라이드 수있을 때까지의 각도를 최소화합니다. <ol><li> (: 26mm X 76mm X 2mm 크기) 유리 시트에 양면 테이프를 부착. 숟가락을 사용하여, 균일 테이프에 분말 (F-SCHGM 또는 MCHGM)를 배치했다. 분말 표면 (0.05 ㎖의 부피) 인젝터를 사용하여 물방울을 추가한다. </li><li> 접촉 각도 고니 오 미터의 모터 플랫폼에서 유리 시트를 넣습니다. 1 ° / s의 속도로 모터 플랫폼 기울고하여 유리판을 기울여. 물 드롭 슬라이드 시작할 때 모터를 중지; 경사각 슬라이딩 각도이다. </li></ol></li><li> 분광 광도계 (24)를 이용하여 반사 스펙트럼을 측정한다. 참고 : 파장이 450 나노 미터에서 2,550 나노 미터이다. </li><li> 모든 샘플의 열전도도를 측정열전도율 측정기 (25)를 사용. </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

이 원고에서, 프로토콜의 중요한 단계는 열수 과정이다. 이는 이산화 티탄의 형성, 최종 반사율 및 superhydrophobicity에 영향을 미친다. 온도 제어 및 반응 시간도 매우 중요하다. 반응 조건을 변경하는 경우, 최종 제품은 결함이 될 수있다. 이 방법은 하나의 단계에서 소수성이 높은 IR 반사 HGM을 합성하는 간단한 방법을 제공한다. 이전 연구에서, 소수성 및 반사율 특성?...

유리 중공 구체 (HGM)는 10 내지 100 μm의 크기 범위의 무기 재료이다. 그들은 이러한 우수한 분산액, 높은 흐름 성, 낮은 밀도, 우수한 단열성 1, 2, 3, 4 등의 많은 유용한 기능들을 보여준다. 때문에 중공 구조, HGM이 매우 낮은 열전도도 10,도 11이있다. 이러한 이유로, 그들은 우주 항공 등 공학 (5), 심해 탐사 6, 7, 수소 저장 8, 9, 그러나, 그들은 여전히 낮은 강도 등의 단점을 보여 포함한 많은 분야에서 적용됩니다. 또한, IR 등이 HGM을 통해 전송하고 뒤에 제목을 가열 할 수있다. 그 때문에즉 HGM에 표면 변형은 복사 열 전달을 감소하는 것이 필수적이다. 효과적인 방법은 코팅에 HGM 표면 상에 적외선 차단 물질이다. 반도체로서, 이산화 티탄은 광 촉매 (12, 13), 태양 광 발전, 센서 제조 14, 애플리케이션 환경 (15), 에너지 저장 장치 (16) 등의 여러 분야에서 사용되고있다. 또한, 또한, 가시광 및 적외선 밴드 17, 18, 19 저 방사율을 나타낸다. 따라서, 우리의 목적을 위해, 이산화 티탄으로 인해 상대적으로 낮은 가격과 높은 성능 현명한 선택이었다. 그러나, 코팅은 오염이 심각 이산화 티탄의 반사율에 영향을 미치는, 파울하기가 매우 쉽습니다. 반사율이 점차 줄여야합니다. 따라서, SELF 세척 코팅하여 오염으로부터 방지 코팅과 같은 코팅의 작업 시간을 연장하는 것이 필수적이다. 이 논문에서, 소프트 화학적 방법은 소수성 이산화 티탄 코팅 된 HGM 개발 하였다. 테트라 부틸 티타 네이트 (TBT) 및 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFOTES)의 각각의 Ti 공급원 및 소수성 화제로서 선택되었다. 그들은 가수 분해와 HGM의 표면에 증착되었다. 그 후, 열수 처리 후, 아나타제 이산화 티탄은 HGM 표면에 형성되고, 소수성 성질이 남아 있었다. 비교를 위해, 단일 코팅 HGM (F-SCHGM) 및 이산화 티탄 코팅 된 단일 HGM (티 - SCHGM) PFOTES도 합성 하였다. 합성 방식은도 1에 도시되어있다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="471">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:207px;">HGM</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">N/A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">TBT</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>CAS#: 5593-70-4</td>
			<td>Analytical grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Ethyl Alcohol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>CAS#: 64-17-5</td>
			<td>Analytical grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">PFOTES</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>CAS#: 51851-37-7</td>
			<td align="right">98%</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

tio2-coated hollow glass microspheres with superhydrophobic and high ir-reflective properties synthesized by a soft-chemistry method

이 원고는 초 소수성이 높은 IR 반사 중공 유리 마이크로 스피어 (HGM)를 개발하는 소프트 화학 방법을 제안한다. 아나타제 이산화 티탄 및 소수성 화제는 하나의 단계에서 HGM 표면에 코팅 하였다. TBT와 PFOTES은 각각의 Ti 공급원 및 소수성 화제로서 선택되었다. 그들은 모두 HGM에 코팅하고, 열수 처리 한 후, TBT는 이산화 티탄을 아나타제하기 위해 설정되었다. 이러한 방식으로, PFOTES / 이산화 티탄은 HGM (MCHGM)가 코팅 된 제조 하였다. 비교를 위해, 단일 코팅 HGM (F-SCHGM) 및 이산화 티탄 코팅 된 단일 HGM (티 - SCHGM) PFOTES도 합성 하였다. HGM 표면상의 PFOTES 및 이산화 티탄 피막은 X 선 회절 (XRD), 주사 전자 현미경 (SEM) 및 에너지 분산 검출기 (EDS) 특성화를 통해 입증되었다. MCHGM은 141.2 접촉각으로, 더 높은 접촉 각도 (153 °) 그러나 F-SCHGM보다 낮은 미끄럼 각 (16 °)을 보였다6; 및 67 °의 각도를 슬라이딩. 또한, 양의 Ti-SCHGM 및 MCHGM 원래 HGM 및 F-SCHGM보다 약 5.8 % 더 높았다 유사한 IR 반사율 값을 표시. 또한 PFOTES 코팅 간신히 열전도율을 바꿨다. 따라서, F-SCHGM는 0.0479 W / (m · K)의 열전도율로 확실히 0.0475 W / (m · K)이었다 일본어 HGM 같았다. MCHGM와 티 - SCHGM도 비슷했다. 이들의 열전도율 값은 각각 0.0543 W / (m · K)와 0.0543 W / (m · K)이었다. 이산화 티탄 코팅 약간 열전도율이 증가하지만, 반사율의 증가와 함께, 전체 열 절연 특성을 향상시켰다. 적외선 반사 특성이 HGM 코팅에 의해 제공되기 때문에 코팅이 파울되면 마지막으로, 반사율은 감소한다. 따라서, 소수성 코팅으로 표면이 오염으로부터 보호되고, 그 수명도 연장된다.

단계 4.4에서의 테스트는 많은 기능과 샘플의 특성을 알 수있다. X- 선 회절 (그림 2) 아나타제 이산화 티탄의 형성을 반영한다. 주사 전자 현미경 (도 3) EDS (도 4)는 HGM 표면에 피복 된 이산화 티탄과 PFOTES 표시. 접촉각 (도 5)와 슬라이딩 각도 (도 6) 시험은 superhydrophobicity를 나타낸다. 이 VI-NIR 투?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method at JoVE.com

TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

This manuscript proposes a soft-chemistry method to synthesize superhydrophobic, TiO2-coated hollow glass microspheres (HGM) with high IR-reflective properties.

산화 티타늄<sub&gt; 2</sub소프트 - 화학 방법에 의해 합성 초 소수성 및 높은 IR 반사 특성과&gt; 코팅 된 투명 유리 마이크로 스피어

This manuscript proposes a soft-chemistry method to develop superhydrophobic and highly IR-reflective hollow glass microspheres (HGM). The anatase TiO2 ...

tio2-coated-hollow-glass-microspheres-with-superhydrophobic-high-ir

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TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

10.0K 조회수.  City University of Hong Kong. This manuscript proposes a soft-chemistry method to synthesize superhydrophobic, TiO2-coated hollow glass microspheres (HGM) with high IR-reflective properties.

비디오: TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

Sulfate Separation by Selective Crystallization with a Bis-iminoguanidinium Ligand

A simple and effective method for selective sulfate separation from aqueous solutions by crystallization with a bis-guanidinium ligand, 1,4-benzene-bis(iminoguanidinium) (BBIG), is demonstrated. The ligand is synthesized as the chloride salt (BBIG-Cl) by in situ imine condensation of terephthalaldehyde with aminoguanidinium chloride in water, followed by crystallization as the sulfate salt (BBIG-SO4). Alternatively, BBIG-Cl is synthesized ex situ in larger scale from ethanol. The sulfate separation ability of the BBIG ligand is demonstrated by selective and quantitative crystallization of sulfate from seawater. The ligand can be recycled by neutralization of BBIG-SO4 with aqueous NaOH and crystallization of the neutral bis-iminoguanidine, which can be converted back into BBIG-Cl with aqueous HCl and reused in another separation cycle. Finally, 35S-labeled sulfate and &#946; liquid scintillation counting are employed for monitoring the sulfate concentration in solution. Overall, this protocol will instruct the user in the necessary skills to synthesize a ligand, employ it in the selective crystallization of sulfate from aqueous solutions, and quantify the separation efficiency.

A protocol for in situ aqueous synthesis of a bis(iminoguanidinium) ligand and its utilization in selective separation of sulfate is presented.

비스 - iminoguanidinium의 리간드 선택적 결정화에 의한 황산염 분리

A simple and effective method for selective sulfate separation from aqueous solutions by crystallization with a bis-guanidinium ligand, ...

연구

화학

Synthesis and Characterization of Fe-doped Aluminosilicate Nanotubes with Enhanced Electron Conductive Properties

The goal of the protocol is to synthesize Fe-doped aluminosilicate nanotubes of the imogolite type with the formula (OH)3Al2-xFexO3SiOH. Doping with Fe aims at lowering the band gap of imogolite, an insulator with the chemical formula (OH)3Al2O3SiOH, and at modifying its adsorption properties towards azo-dyes, an important class of organic pollutants of both wastewater and groundwater.
Fe-doped nanotubes are obtained in two ways: by direct synthesis, where FeCl3 is added to an aqueous mixture of the Si and Al precursors, and by post-synthesis loading, where preformed nanotubes are put in contact with a FeCl3&#8226;6H2O aqueous solution. In both synthesis methods, isomorphic substitution of Al3+ by Fe3+ occurs, preserving the nanotube structure. Isomorphic substitution is indeed limited to a mass fraction of ~1.0% Fe, since at a higher Fe content (i.e., a mass fraction of 1.4% Fe), Fe2O3 clusters form, especially when the loading procedure is adopted. The physicochemical properties of the materials are studied by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), N2 sorption isotherms at -196 &#176;C, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), diffuse reflectance (DR) UV-Vis spectroscopy, and &#950;-potential measurements. The most relevant result is the possibility to replace Al3+ ions (located on the outer surface of the nanotubes) by post-synthesis loading on preformed imogolite without perturbing the delicate hydrolysis equilibria occurring during nanotube formation. During the loading procedure, an anionic exchange occurs, where Al3+ ions on the outer surface of the nanotubes are replaced by Fe3+ ions. In Fe-doped aluminosilicate nanotubes, isomorphic substitution of Al3+ by Fe3+ is found to affect the band gap of doped imogolite. Nonetheless, Fe3+ sites on the outer surface of nanotubes are able to coordinate organic moieties, like the azo-dye Acid Orange 7, through a ligand-displacement mechanism occurring in an aqueous solution.

Here, we present a protocol to synthesize and characterize Fe-doped aluminosilicate nanotubes. The materials are obtained by either sol-gel synthesis upon addition of FeCl3&#8226;6H2O to the mixture containing the Si and Al precursors or by post-synthesis ionic exchange of preformed aluminosilicate nanotubes.

향상된 전자 전도성 특성을 가진 철 - 도핑 된 알루미 노 실리케이트 나노 튜브의 합성 및 특성

The goal of the protocol is to synthesize Fe-doped aluminosilicate nanotubes of the imogolite type with the formula (OH)3Al2-xFexO3SiOH. Doping with Fe ...

A Straightforward Method for Glucosinolate Extraction and Analysis with High-pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Glucosinolates are a well-studied and highly diverse class of natural plant compounds. They play important roles in plant resistance, rapeseed oil quality, food flavoring, and human health. The biological activity of glucosinolates is released upon tissue damage, when they are mixed with the enzyme myrosinase. This results in the formation of pungent and toxic breakdown products, such as isothiocyanates and nitriles. Currently, more than 130 structurally different glucosinolates have been identified. The chemical structure of the glucosinolate is an important determinant of the product that is formed, which in turn determines its biological activity. The latter may range from detrimental (e.g., progoitrin) to beneficial (e.g., glucoraphanin). Each glucosinolate-containing plant species has its own specific glucosinolate profile. For this reason, it is important to correctly identify and reliably quantify the different glucosinolates present in brassicaceous leaf, seed, and root crops or, for ecological studies, in their wild relatives. Here, we present a well-validated, targeted, and robust method to analyze glucosinolate profiles in a wide range of plant species and plant organs. Intact glucosinolates are extracted from ground plant materials with a methanol-water mixture at high temperatures to disable myrosinase activity. Thereafter, the resulting extract is brought onto an ion-exchange column for purification. After sulfatase treatment, the desulfoglucosinolates are eluted with water and the eluate is freeze-dried. The residue is taken up in an exact volume of water, which is analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a photodiode array (PDA) or ultraviolet (UV) detector. Detection and quantification are achieved by conducting comparisons of the retention times and UV spectra of commercial reference standards. The concentrations are calculated based on a sinigrin reference curve and well-established response factors. The advantages and disadvantages of this straightforward method, when compared to faster and more technologically advanced methods, are discussed here.

A Straightforward Method for Glucosinolate Extraction and Analysis with High-pressure Liquid Chromatography HPLC

Here, we describe in great detail an established and robust protocol for the extraction of glucosinolates from ground plant materials. After an on-column sulfatase treatment of the extracts, the desulfoglucosinolates are eluted and analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography.

고압 액체 크로마토 그래피와 글루코 추출 및 분석을위한 간단한 방법 (HPLC)

Glucosinolates are a well-studied and highly diverse class of natural plant compounds. They play important roles in plant resistance, rapeseed oil ...

A Convenient Method for Extraction and Analysis with High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters and Their Metabolites

The extraction and analysis of catecholamine neurotransmitters in biological fluids is of great importance in assessing nervous system function and related diseases, but their precise measurement is still a challenge. Many protocols have been described for neurotransmitter measurement by a variety of instruments, including high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, there are shortcomings, such as complicated operation or hard-to-detect multiple targets, which cannot be avoided, and presently, the dominant analysis technique is still HPLC coupled with sensitive electrochemical or fluorimetric detection, due to its high sensitivity and good selectivity. Here, a detailed protocol is described for the pretreatment and detection of catecholamines with high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) in real urine samples of infants, using electrospun composite nanofibers composed of polymeric crown ether with polystyrene as adsorbent, also known as the packed-fiber solid phase extraction (PFSPE) method. We show how urine samples can be easily precleaned by a nanofiber-packed solid phase column, and how the analytes in the sample can be rapidly enriched, desorbed, and detected on an ECD system. PFSPE greatly simplifies the pretreatment procedures for biological samples, allowing for decreased time, expense, and reduction of the loss of targets. 
Overall, this work illustrates a simple and convenient protocol for solid-phase extraction coupled to an HPLC-ECD system for simultaneous determination of three monoamine neurotransmitters (norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), dopamine (DA)) and two of their metabolites (3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) and 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid (DOPAC)) in infants' urine. The established protocol was applied to assess the differences of urinary catecholamines and their metabolites between high-risk infants with perinatal brain damage and healthy controls. Comparative analysis revealed a significant difference in urinary MHPG between the two groups, indicating that the catecholamine metabolites may be an important candidate marker for early diagnosis of cases at risk for brain damage in infants.

We present a convenient solid-phase extraction coupled to high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection (ECD) for simultaneous determination of three monoamine neurotransmitters and two of their metabolites in infants' urine. We also identify the metabolite MHPG as a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of brain damage for infants.

추출 및 카 테 콜 아민 신경 전달 물질과 그들의 대사 산물의 고압 액체 크로마토그래피로 분석 하는 편리한 방법

The extraction and analysis of catecholamine neurotransmitters in biological fluids is of great importance in assessing nervous system function and ...

Preparation of Hollow Polystyrene Particles and Microcapsules by Radical Polymerization of Janus Droplets Consisting of Hydrocarbon and Fluorocarbon Oils

In this article, we have demonstrated a method for producing hollow particles and microcapsules using oil droplets consisting of hydrocarbon oil (styrene) and fluorocarbon oil (perfluoro-n-octane, PFO) in aqueous surfactant (sodium dodecylsulfate, SDS) solutions. Since fluorocarbon oils are immiscible with hydrocarbon oils, the two oils are separated. Emulsions are prepared by stirring styrene/PFO/aqueous SDS solution mixtures at 80 &#176;C. The type of emulsions and the morphology of droplets in the emulsions are observed by light microscope and scanning confocal fluorescence microscope. It is found that oil droplets with Janus-type morphologies consisting of mutually immiscible styrene and PFO are formed in aqueous SDS solutions. Polystyrene particles are fabricated by radical polymerization of the ternary mixtures of styrene/PFO/aqueous SDS solution at 80 &#176;C. The morphologies of the polystyrene are confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy observations. These observations show the preparation of hollow polystyrene particles with a single hole on the surface. To our knowledge, this method is a novel strategy using the immiscibility of hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon oils. The hollow particles can also be applied to the preparation of microcapsules.

A protocol for the fabrication of hollow polymer particles and microcapsules by radical polymerization using emulsions consisting of styrene, perfluoro-n-octane, and aqueous SDS (sodium dodecylsulfate) solution is presented.

빈 폴리스 티 렌 입자와 탄화수소와 탄 화 불 소 오일을 구성 된 야누스 방울의 과격 한 중 합에 의해 Microcapsules의 준비

In this article, we have demonstrated a method for producing hollow particles and microcapsules using oil droplets consisting of hydrocarbon oil (styrene) ...

Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of NixNb1-xO catalysts with sponge-like and fold-like nanostructures. By varying the Nb:Ni ratio, a series of NixNb1-xO nanoparticles with different atomic compositions (x = 0.03, 0.08, 0.15, and 0.20) have been prepared by chemical precipitation. These NixNb1-xO catalysts are characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The study revealed the sponge-like and fold-like appearance of Ni0.97Nb0.03O and Ni0.92Nb0.08O on the NiO surface, and the larger surface area of these NixNb1-xO catalysts, compared with the bulk NiO. Maximum surface area of 173 m2/g can be obtained for Ni0.92Nb0.08O catalysts. In addition, the catalytic hydroconversion of lignin-derived compounds using the synthesized Ni0.92Nb0.08O catalysts have been investigated.

Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area

A protocol for the synthesis of sponge-like and fold-like Ni1-xNbxO nanoparticles by chemical precipitation is presented.

Nb2O5 의 합성을 위한 화학 강 수 방법을 수정할 높은 특정 표면 영역으로 대량 니켈 촉매

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of NixNb1-xO catalysts with sponge-like and fold-like nanostructures. By varying the Nb:Ni ratio, a series of ...

Disentangling High Strength Copolymer Aramid Fibers to Enable the Determination of Their Mechanical Properties

Traditionally, soft body armor has been made from poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. However, to diversify the fiber choices in the United States body armor market, copolymer fibers based on the combination of 5-amino-2-(p-aminophenyl) benzimidazole (PBIA) and the more conventional PPTA were introduced. Little is known regarding the long-term stability of these fibers, but as condensation polymers, they are expected to have potential sensitivity to moisture and humidity. Therefore, characterizing the strength of the materials and understanding their vulnerability to environmental conditions is important for evaluating their use lifetime in safety applications. Ballistic resistance and other critical structural properties of these fibers are predicated on their strength. To accurately determine the strength of the individual fibers, it is necessary to disentangle them from the yarn without introducing any damage. Three aramid-based copolymer fibers were selected for the study. The fibers were washed with acetone followed by methanol to remove an organic coating that held the individual fibers in each yarn bundle together. This coating makes it difficult to separate single fibers from the yarn bundle for mechanical testing without damaging the fibers and affecting their strength. After washing, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was performed on both washed and unwashed samples and the results were compared. This experiment has shown that there are no significant variations in the spectra of poly(p-phenylene-benzimidazole-terephthalamide-co-p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PBIA-co-PPTA1) and PBIA-co-PPTA3 after washing, and only a small variation in intensity for PBIA. This indicates that the acetone and methanol rinses are not adversely affecting the fibers and causing chemical degradation. Additionally, single fiber tensile testing was performed on the washed fibers to characterize their initial tensile strength and strain to failure, and compare those to other reported values. Iterative procedural development was necessary to find a successful method for performing tensile testing on these fibers.

The primary goal of the study is to develop a protocol to prepare consistent specimens for accurate mechanical testing of high strength copolymer aramid fibers, by removing a coating and disentangling the individual fiber strands without introducing significant chemical or physical degradation.

그들의 기계적 특성의 결정 수 있도록 고 강도 공중 합체 Aramid 섬유 disentangling

Traditionally, soft body armor has been made from poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. However, to ...

Surface Properties of Synthesized Nanoporous Carbon and Silica Matrices

In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of ordered nanoporous carbon material (also called ordered mesoporous carbon material [OMC]) with a 4.6 nm pore size, and ordered silica porous matrix, SBA-15, with a 5.3 nm pore size. This work describes the surface properties of nanoporous molecular sieves, their wettability, and the melting behavior of D2O confined in the differently ordered porous materials with similar pore sizes. For this purpose, OMC and SBA-15 with highly ordered nanoporous structures are synthesized via impregnation of the silica matrix by applying a carbon precursor and by the sol-gel method, respectively. The porous structure of investigated systems is characterized by an N2 adsorption-desorption analysis at 77 K. To determine the electrochemical character of the surface of synthesized materials, potentiometric titration measurements are conducted; the obtained results for OMC shows a significant pHpzc shift toward the higher values of pH, relative to SBA-15. This suggests that investigated OMC has surface properties related to oxygen-based functional groups. To describe the surface properties of the materials, the contact angles of liquids penetrating the studied porous beds are also determined. The capillary rise method has confirmed the increased wettability of the silica walls relative to the carbon walls and an influence of the pore roughness on the fluid/wall interactions, which is much more pronounced for silica than for carbon mesopores. We have also studied the melting behavior of D2O confined in OMC and SBA-15 by applying the dielectric method. The results show that the depression of the melting temperature of D2O in the pores of OMC is about 15 K higher relative to the depression of the melting temperature in SBA-15 pores with a comparable 5 nm size. This is caused by the influence of adsorbate/adsorbent interactions of the studied matrices.

Here we report the synthesis and characterization of ordered nanoporous carbon (with a 4.6 nm pore size) and SBA-15 (with a 5.3 nm pore size). The work describes the surface and textural properties of nanoporous molecular sieves, their wettability, and the melting behavior of D2O confined in the materials.

합성된 성공 탄소 그리고 실리 카 매트릭스의 표면 특성

In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of ordered nanoporous carbon material (also called ordered mesoporous carbon material [OMC]) ...

Extraction of Lignin with High &#946;-O-4 Content by Mild Ethanol Extraction and Its Effect on the Depolymerization Yield

Lignin valorization strategies are a key factor for achieving more economically competitive biorefineries based on lignocellulosic biomass. Most of the emerging elegant procedures to obtain specific aromatic products rely on the lignin substrate having a high content of the readily cleavable &#946;-O-4 linkage as present in the native lignin structure. This provides a miss-match with typical technical lignins that are highly degraded and therefore are low in &#946;-O-4 linkages. Therefore, the extraction yields, and the quality of the obtained lignin are of utmost importance to access new lignin valorization pathways. In this manuscript, a simple protocol is presented to obtain lignins with high &#946;-O-4 content by relatively mild ethanol extraction that can be applied to different lignocellulose sources. Furthermore, analysis procedures to determine the quality of the lignins are presented together with a depolymerization protocol that yields specific phenolic 2-arylmethyl-1,3-dioxolanes, which can be used to evaluate the obtained lignins. The presented results demonstrate the link between lignin quality and potential for the lignins to be depolymerized into specific monomeric aromatic chemicals. Overall, the extraction and depolymerization demonstrates a trade-off between the lignin extraction yield and the retention of the native aryl-ether structure and thus the potential of the lignin to be used as the substrate for the production of chemicals for higher-value applications.

Here, we present a protocol to perform ethanol extraction of lignin from several biomass sources. The effect of the extraction conditions on the lignin yield and &#946;-O-4 content are presented. Selective depolymerization is performed on the obtained lignins to obtain high aromatic monomer products.

온화한 에탄올 추출 및 Depolymerization 수율에 미치는 영향에 의해 높은 β-O-4 콘텐츠 리그 닌의 추출

Lignin valorization strategies are a key factor for achieving more economically competitive biorefineries based on lignocellulosic biomass. Most of the ...

A Rhodopsin Transport Assay by High-Content Imaging Analysis

Rhodopsin misfolding mutations lead to rod photoreceptor death that is manifested as autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a progressive blinding disease that lacks effective treatment. We hypothesize that the cytotoxicity of the misfolded rhodopsin mutant can be alleviated by pharmacologically stabilizing the mutant rhodopsin protein. The P23H mutation, among the other Class II rhodopsin mutations, encodes a structurally unstable rhodopsin mutant protein that is accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whereas the wild type rhodopsin is transported to the plasma membrane in mammalian cells. We previously performed a luminescence-based high-throughput screen (HTS) and identified a group of pharmacological chaperones that rescued the transport of the P23H rhodopsin from ER to the plasma membrane. Here, using an immunostaining method followed by a high-content imaging analysis, we quantified the mutant rhodopsin protein amount in the whole cell and on the plasma membrane. This method is informative and effective to identify true hits from false positives following HTS. Additionally, the high-content image analysis enabled us to quantify multiple parameters from a single experiment to evaluate the pharmacological properties of each compound. Using this assay, we analyzed the effect of 11 different compounds towards six RP associated rhodopsin mutants, obtaining a 2-D pharmacological profile for a quantitative and qualitative understanding about the structural stability of these rhodopsin mutants and efficacy of different compounds towards these mutants.

Here, we described a high-content imaging method to quantify the transport of rhodopsin mutants associated with retinitis pigmentosa. A multiple-wavelength scoring analysis was used to quantify rhodopsin protein on the cell surface or in the whole cell.

이 콘텐츠 이미징 분석 Rhodopsin 전송 분석 결과

Rhodopsin misfolding mutations lead to rod photoreceptor death that is manifested as autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a progressive blinding ...

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