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Chapter 16

Acid-base and Solubility Equilibria

Wspólny efekt jonowy
Wspólny efekt jonowy
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of ...
Buffers
Buffers
A solution containing appreciable amounts of a weak conjugate acid-base pair is called a buffer solution, or a buffer. Buffer solutions resist a change in ...
Równanie Hendersona-Hasselbalcha
Równanie Hendersona-Hasselbalcha
The ionization-constant expression for a solution of a weak acid can be written as: Rearranging to solve for [H3O+] yields: Taking the negative ...
Obliczanie zmian pH w roztworze buforowym
Obliczanie zmian pH w roztworze buforowym
A buffer can prevent a sudden drop or increase in the pH of a solution after the addition of a strong acid or base up to its buffering capacity; however, ...
Skuteczność bufora
Skuteczność bufora
Buffer solutions do not have an unlimited capacity to keep the pH relatively constant . Instead, the ability of a buffer solution to resist changes in pH ...
Obliczenia miareczkowania: mocny kwas - mocna zasada
Obliczenia miareczkowania: mocny kwas - mocna zasada
Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Strong Acid/Strong Base A titration is carried out for 25.00 mL of 0.100 M HCl (strong acid) with 0.100 M of a ...
Obliczenia miareczkowania: słaby kwas - mocna zasada
Obliczenia miareczkowania: słaby kwas - mocna zasada
Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Weak Acid/Strong Base For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.100 M CH3CO2H with 0.100 M NaOH, the reaction can be ...
Wskaźniki
Wskaźniki
Certain organic substances change color in dilute solution when the hydronium ion concentration reaches a particular value. For example, phenolphthalein ...
Miareczkowanie kwasu poliprotonowego
Miareczkowanie kwasu poliprotonowego
A polyprotic acid contains more than one ionizable hydrogen and undergoes a stepwise ionization process.  If the acid dissociation constants of the ...
Równowaga rozpuszczalności
Równowaga rozpuszczalności
Solubility equilibria are established when the dissolution and precipitation of a solute species occur at equal rates. These equilibria underlie many ...
Czynniki wpływające na rozpuszczalność
Czynniki wpływające na rozpuszczalność
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of ...
Powstawanie jonów złożonych
Powstawanie jonów złożonych
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition ...
Wytrącanie jonów
Wytrącanie jonów
Predicting Precipitation The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is: It is important to realize ...
Analiza jakościowa
Analiza jakościowa
For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a ...
Krzywe miareczkowania kwasowo-zasadowego
Krzywe miareczkowania kwasowo-zasadowego
A titration curve is a plot of some solution property versus the amount of added titrant. For acid-base titrations, solution pH is a useful property to ...
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