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University of Vermont

16 ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN JoVE

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Biology

High-Throughput Measurement and Classification of Organic P in Environmental Samples
Nicholas R. Johnson 1, Jane E. Hill 1
1School of Engineering, University of Vermont

This protocol describes a high-throughput method of enzymatic hydrolysis that utilizes a microplate reader to measure and classify soil phosphorus as P monoesters, P diesters and inorganic P. Up to 96 samples can be measured at one time in a standard laboratory.

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Bioengineering

Characterizing Bacterial Volatiles using Secondary Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (SESI-MS)
Heather D. Bean 1, Jiangjiang Zhu 1, Jane E. Hill 1
1School of Engineering, University of Vermont

Secondary electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (SESI-MS) enables the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) without the need for any sample pretreatment. This protocol provides instructions for the rapid (within minutes) characterization of bacterial VOCs using SESI-MS.

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Behavior

Place and Response Learning in the Open-field Tower Maze
Olga Lipatova 1, Matthew M. Campolattaro 1, Donna J. Toufexis 2, Erin A. Mabry 1
1Department of Psychology, Christopher Newport University, 2Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont

The Open-field Tower Maze (OFTM) is a maze created to study the behavioral and neural mechanisms of spatial learning (e.g., place- or response-learning) in rats. This maze is especially useful for experimenters who want to use a non-stressful maze paradigm to investigate spatial learning in their research.

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Immunology and Infection

Highly Sensitive Assay for Measurement of Arenavirus-cell Attachment
Joseph P. Klaus 1, Jason Botten 1,2
1Department of Medicine, Division of Immunobiology, University of Vermont, 2Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont

The first step in the arenavirus life cycle is attachment of viral particles to host cells. We report a quantitative (q)RT-PCR-based assay for ultrasensitive detection and quantitation of arenavirus attachment events.

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Environment

Methods of Soil Resampling to Monitor Changes in the Chemical Concentrations of Forest Soils
Gregory B. Lawrence 1, Ivan J. Fernandez 2, Paul W. Hazlett 3, Scott W. Bailey 4, Donald S. Ross 5, Thomas R. Villars 6, Angelica Quintana 7, Rock Ouimet 8, Michael R. McHale 1, Chris E. Johnson 9, Russell D. Briggs 10, Robert A. Colter 11, Jason Siemion 1, Olivia L. Bartlett 12, Olga Vargas 13, Michael R. Antidormi 1, Mary M. Koppers 9
1New York Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 2School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 3Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, 4Northern Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, 5Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, 6Ottauquechee NRCD, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, 7Green Mountain National Forest, U.S. Forest Service, 8Direction de la Recherche Forestière, Ministère du Québec, 9Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, 10Division of Environmental Science, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 11White Mountain National Forest, U.S. Forest Service, 12Natural Resources and Earth System Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 13Greenwich, NY Field Office, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service

Repeated soil sampling has recently been shown to be an effective way to monitor forest soil change over years and decades. To support its use, a protocol is presented that synthesizes the latest information on soil resampling methods to aid in the design and implementation of successful soil monitoring programs.

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Medicine

Evaluating the Procedure for Performing Awake Cystometry in a Mouse Model
Travis K. Mann-Gow *1, Troy R. Larson *1, Chrissie T. Wøien 2, Thomas M. Andersen 2, Karl-Erik Andersson 3,4, Peter Zvara 1,2
1Department of Surgery, University of Vermont, 2Department of Urology and Biomedical Laboratory, University of Southern Denmark, 3Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, 4Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University

This study describes the surgical procedures and experimental techniques for performing awake cystometry in a freely moving mouse. In addition, it provides experimental evidence to support its optimization and standardization.

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Medicine

Cavernous Nerve Stimulation and Recording of Intracavernous Pressure in a Rat
Morten Hox 1, Travis Mann-Gow 2, Lars Lund 3,4, Peter Zvara 1,4
1Biomedical Laboratory and the Research Unit of Urology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 2Department of Surgery, University of Vermont, 3Research Unit of Urology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 4Department of Urology, Odense University Hospital

This study describes a simplified surgical procedure and technique for performing cavernous nerve stimulation with the isolation of the nerve-electrode complex using silicone glue and intracavernous pressure measurement.

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Behavior

A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential (ERP) Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Emily L. Coderre 1
1Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Vermont

This paper describes a semantic priming ERP task using within-modality pairs of pictures and words to investigate semantic processing in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

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Chemistry

Deposition of Porous Sorbents on Fabric Supports
Brandy J. Johnson 1, Brian J. Melde 1, Martin H. Moore 1, Jenna R. Taft 2
1Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, 2Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont

This report details a microwave-initiated approach for deposition of porphyrin functionalized porous organosilicate sorbents on a cotton fabric and demonstrates reduction in 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) transport through the fabric resulting from this treatment.

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Neuroscience

Ex Vivo Imaging of Cell-specific Calcium Signaling at the Tripartite Synapse of the Mouse Diaphragm
Dante J. Heredia 1, Grant W. Hennig 2, Thomas W. Gould 1
1Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, 2Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont

Here we present a protocol to image calcium signaling in populations of individual cell types at the murine neuromuscular junction.

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Biology

A Plate Competition Assay As a Quick Preliminary Assessment of Disease Suppression
Deborah A. Neher 1, Thomas R. Weicht 1
1Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont

Presented is a protocol for a plate competition assay to identify whether a specific compost is likely to contain bacteria and fungi that suppress growth of Rhizoctonia solani.

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Biology

Applications of Spatio-temporal Mapping and Particle Analysis Techniques to Quantify Intracellular Ca2+ Signaling In Situ
Bernard T. Drumm 1, Grant W. Hennig 2, Salah A. Baker 1, Kenton M. Sanders 1
1Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine, 2Department of Pharmacology, The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont

Genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators (GECIs) have radically changed how in situ Ca2+ imaging is performed. To maximize data recovery from such recordings, appropriate analysis of Ca2+ signals is required. The protocols in this paper facilitate the quantification of Ca2+ signals recorded in situ using spatiotemporal mapping and particle-based analysis.

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Environment

Measuring Phosphorus Release in Laboratory Microcosms for Water Quality Assessment
Eric O. Young 1, Donald S. Ross 2, Jessica Sherman 1
1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Institute for Environmentally Integrated Dairy Management, 2Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont

Accurate quantification of phosphorus (P) desorption potential in saturated soils and sediments is important for P modeling and transport mitigation efforts. To better account for in situ soil-water redox dynamics and P mobilization under prolonged saturation, a simple approach was developed based on repeated sampling of laboratory microcosms.

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Environment

Simulating Impacts of Ice Storms on Forest Ecosystems
John L. Campbell 1, Lindsey E. Rustad 1, Charles T. Driscoll 2, Ian Halm 3, Timothy J. Fahey 4, Habibollah Fakhraei 5, Peter M. Groffman 6,7, Gary J. Hawley 8, Wendy Leuenberger 9, Paul G. Schaberg 10
1Northern Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, Durham, NH, 2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, 3Northern Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, North Woodstock, NH, 4Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, 5Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Southern Illinois University, 6Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center, City University of New York, 7Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, 8Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, 9Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Kentucky, 10Northern Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, Burlington, VT

Ice storms are important weather events that are challenging to study because of difficulties in predicting their occurrence. Here, we describe a novel method for simulating ice storms that involves spraying water over a forest canopy during sub-freezing conditions.

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JoVE Core

In Vivo Quantification of Hip Arthrokinematics during Dynamic Weight-bearing Activities using Dual Fluoroscopy
Penny R. Atkins 1,2, Niccolo M. Fiorentino 1,3, Andrew E. Anderson 1,2,4,5
1Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, 2Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Vermont, 4Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 5Department of Physical Therapy, University of Utah

Dual fluoroscopy accurately captures in vivo dynamic motion of human joints, which can be visualized relative to reconstructed anatomy (e.g., arthrokinematics). Herein, a detailed protocol to quantify hip arthrokinematics during weight-bearing activities of daily living is presented, including the integration of dual fluoroscopy with traditional skin marker motion capture.

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Bioengineering

Dissection and Isolation of Region-Specific Decellularized Lung Tissue
Evan T. Hoffman 1, Isaac D. Downs 2, Brad Young 2, Loredana Asarian 1, Daniel J. Weiss 1
1Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 2College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont

Presented here is a protocol for the isolation of regional decellularized lung tissue. This protocol provides a powerful tool for studying complexities in the extracellular matrix and cell-matrix interactions.

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