Name: Protein Detection in TMEM200A siRNA Transfected Stomach Adenocarcinoma Cells Using Western Blotting
Uploaded: 2023-09-15T14:10:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Protein Detection in TMEM200A siRNA Transfected Stomach Adenocarcinoma Cells Using Western Blotting at JoVE.com

protein detection in tmem200a sirna transfected stomach adenocarcinoma cells using western blotting

TMEM200A: A Novel Oncogene Regulating EMT and PI3K/AKT in Gastric Cancer

Cancer has emerged as a persistent public health issue endangering human health globally1due to its high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide, posing a heavy financial and medical burden to society2. Significant advancements in cancer therapy have been achieved in recent years thanks to the discovery of cancer markers3, and researchers have developed novel diagnostic methods and new drugs to treat cancer. However, some patients with cancer still have poor prognoses because of factors such as medication resistance, side effects of drugs, and chemical sensitivity4. Therefore, there is an urgent need for identifying new biomarkers for screening and treating early-stage cancers5.
Membrane proteins are proteins that can bind and integrate into cells and organelle membranes6. These can be grouped into three categories depending on the strength of binding to the membrane and their location: lipid-anchored proteins, integral proteins, and peripheral membrane proteins7,8. A transmembrane (TMEM) protein is an integral membrane protein that consists of at least one transmembrane segment9, which passes either completely or partially through the biological membrane. 
Although the mechanisms of action of proteins belonging to the TMEM family are not well understood, these proteins are known to be involved in several types of cancers10. Several TMEM proteins are associated with migratory, proliferative, and invasive phenotypes, and their expression is often associated with a patient's prognosis11. Therefore, TMEM family members have become the target of research. A comprehensive review of existing reports on TMEM revealed that they are mostly associated with inter- and intracellular signaling12, immune-related diseases, and tumorigenesis10. Many TMEMs also possess important physiological functions, for example, ion channels in the plasma membrane, activation of signal transduction pathways, as well as the mediation of cell chemotaxis, adhesion, apoptosis, and autophagy10. Therefore, we hypothesized that TMEM proteins may be important prognostic markers in the detection and treatment of tumors.
TMEM200A expression is significantly elevated in gastric cancer (GC). Higher expression of TMEM200A13, which has eight exons and a full length of 77.536 kb on chromosome 6q23.1, has been linked to a poor prognosis for overall survival (OS) in cases of GC. Yet the changes in its expression have rarely been reported in oncology studies. This article compares and analyzes the usefulness of TMEM200A as a therapeutic target and tumor diagnostic marker in various cancer studies using different publicly available datasets. We assessed the effectiveness of TMEM200A as a pan-cancer diagnostic and prognostic biomarker as well as its expression levels in various human cancer types using RNA-seq data from the UCSC Xena and TCGA databases, as well as by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. 
The effect of TMEM200A expression levels on mutation rates, regulatory processes, tumor diagnosis and prognosis, immune infiltration, and immunotherapy was further investigated using a mix of computational tools and dataset websites. CBioPortal and the Catalog of Somatic Mutations in Cancer Cells (COSMIC) databases were used to examine mutations in TMEM200A. Sangerbox and TISIDB websites were utilized to understand how TMEM200A influences immune infiltration. The Tumor Immune Single Cell Center (TISCH) online tool and CancerSEA database were used to investigate the function of TMEM200A. Finally, to assess the impact of TMEM200A on the malignant behavior and tumor development function of GC cells, a loss-of-function experiment was conducted in an in vitro assay. Additionally, western blotting was performed to assess how TMEM200A knockdown affected the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in GC.

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Transmembrane Protein Family-Related Markers in Gastric Cancer and Implications for Targeted Therapies 

Multiomics Analysis of TMEM200A as a Pan-Cancer Biomarker

Significant advancements have been made in the investigation of cancer biomarkers. Nevertheless, the extract function of tumor-related matters associated with transmembrane protein family remains unidentified. As a result, our research on the TMEM200A in gastric cancer has generated novel research directions for related cells.In this study, we used the combination of online database prediction and experimental technique validation, which simplifies the research steps and the stem cell cost of experiment in related field. In future, our laboratory will focus on exploring the specific mechanism of tumor in gastric cancer, searching for the association between glycosylation modification and the metabolic recording, and identifying find new targets for gastric cancer treatment.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Protein Detection in TMEM200A siRNA Transfected Stomach Adenocarcinoma Cells Using Western Blotting at JoVE.com

Protein Detection in TMEM200A siRNA Transfected Stomach Adenocarcinoma Cells Using Western Blotting  

Protein Detection in TMEM200A siRNA Transfected Stomach Adenocarcinoma Cells Using Western Blotting

To begin, transfect the stomach adenocarcinoma cells with TMEM200A Si-RNA and incubate for two days. Then, discard the cell culture medium from the wells and gently wash the cells two times with one milliliter of PBS. Place the cells on ice and add 150 microliters of pre-cooled radioimmune precipitation assay lysis buffer.Using a plastic cell scraper, carefully detach the adhering cells from the dish and transfer the cell solution gently into a pre-cooled microcentrifuge tube. Then, centrifuge the cell lysate at 1.5 by 10 raised to the power four G for 10 minutes at four degrees Celsius, and transfer the supernatant to a new 1.5-milliliter microcentrifuge tube. Using a BCA protein assay kit, determine the protein content following the manufacturer's instructions.Load 30 grams of protein from each sample onto a 10%SDS-PAGE gel. Run the gel at 80 volts for 0.5 hours, followed by 1.5 hours at 120 volts. Next, transfer the proteins from the gel to a 45-micrometer PVDF membrane at a constant current of 300 milliamperes for 1 to 1.5 hours.Place the PVDF membrane on a shaker for three cycles of five minutes each. After shaking, add TBST to the container with the protein side facing up. Place the membrane in the blocking buffer for 30 minutes at room temperature.Wash the membrane with TBST for three cycles of 10 minutes each. Incubate the membrane with primary antibodies overnight at four degrees Celsius. After washing the membrane three times with TBST, add a rabbit or mouse secondary antibody and incubate for one hour at room temperature.Then, add ECL substrate to the PVDF membrane for 30 seconds and detect the signal using an imaging system. The efficiency of TMEM200A was significantly reduced in gastric cancer cell HGC-27 transfected with Si-RNA, compared to the non-transfected cells. The TMEM200A Si-RNA significantly inhibited the related proteins in epithelial mesenchymal transition, and affected the phosphorylation of AKT in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathway.

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

The transmembrane protein, TMEM200A, is known to be associated with human cancers and immune infiltration. Here, we assessed the function of TMEM200A in ...