Este trabalho é apoiado por RO1 DK064938 (para TH).

<ol>
	<li>Shapiro, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Islet+transplantation+in+seven+patients+with+type+1+diabetes+mellitus+using+a+glucocorticoid-free+immunosuppressive+regimen.">Islet transplantation in seven patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus using a glucocorticoid-free immunosuppressive regimen.</a> N Engl J Med. 343, 230-238 (2000).</li><li>Weir, G. C., Bonner-Weir, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Islet+transplantation+as+a+treatment+for+diabetes.">Islet transplantation as a treatment for diabetes.</a> J Am Optom Assoc. 69, 727-732 (1998).</li><li>Gangemi, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Islet+transplantation+for+brittle+type+1+diabetes:+the+UIC+protocol.">Islet transplantation for brittle type 1 diabetes: the UIC protocol.</a> Am J Transplant. 8, 10-1111 (2008).</li><li>Zmuda, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deficiency+of+ATF3,+an+adaptive-response+gene,+protects+islets+and+ameliorates+inflammation+in+a+syngenic+transplantation+model.">Deficiency of ATF3, an adaptive-response gene, protects islets and ameliorates inflammation in a syngenic transplantation model.</a> Diabetologia. , (2010).</li><li>Bottino, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Response+of+Human+Islets+to+Isolation+Stress+and+the+Effect+of+Antioxidant+Treatment.">Response of Human Islets to Isolation Stress and the Effect of Antioxidant Treatment.</a> Diabetes. 53, 2559-2568 (2004).</li><li>Markmann, J. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+islet+cell+culture+in+vitro+at+24+degrees+C+on+graft+survival+and+MHC+antigen+expression.">The effect of islet cell culture in vitro at 24 degrees C on graft survival and MHC antigen expression.</a> Transplantation. 49, 272-277 (1990).</li><li>Terasaka, R., Lacy, P. E., Hauptfeld, V., Bucy, R. P., Davie, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+cyclosporin-A,+low-temperature+culture,+and+anti-Ia+antibodies+on+prevention+of+rejection+of+rat+islet+allografts.">The effect of cyclosporin-A, low-temperature culture, and anti-Ia antibodies on prevention of rejection of rat islet allografts.</a> Diabetes. 35, 83-88 (1986).</li><li>Ricordi, C., Lacy, P. E., Sterbenz, K., Davie, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Low-temperature+culture+of+human+islets+or+in+vivo+treatment+with+L3T4+antibody+produces+a+marked+prolongation+of+islet+human-to-mouse+xenograft+survival.">Low-temperature culture of human islets or in vivo treatment with L3T4 antibody produces a marked prolongation of islet human-to-mouse xenograft survival.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 84, 8080-8084 (1987).</li><li>Schnedl, W. J., Ferber, S., Johnson, J. H., Newgard, C. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=STZ+transport+and+cytotoxicity.+Specific+enhancement+in+GLUT2-expressing+cells.">STZ transport and cytotoxicity. Specific enhancement in GLUT2-expressing cells.</a> Diabetes. 43, 1326-1333 (1994).</li><li>Eckhard, M., Brandhorst, D., Brandhorst, H., Brendel, M. D., Bretzel, R. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimization+in+osmolality+and+range+of+density+of+a+continuous+ficoll-sodium-diatrizoate+gradient+for+isopycnic+purification+of+isolated+human+islets.">Optimization in osmolality and range of density of a continuous ficoll-sodium-diatrizoate gradient for isopycnic purification of isolated human islets.</a> Transplantation Proceedings. 36, 2849-2854 (2004).</li><li>Gores, P. F., Rabe, F., Sutherland, D. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prolonged+survival+of+intraportal+versus+subrenal+capsular+transplanted+islet+allografts.">Prolonged survival of intraportal versus subrenal capsular transplanted islet allografts.</a> Transplantation. 43, 747-749 (1987).</li><li>Nasr, I. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Testicular+Immune+Privilege+Promotes+Transplantation+Tolerance+by+Altering+the+Balance+between+Memory+and+Regulatory+T+Cells.">Testicular Immune Privilege Promotes Transplantation Tolerance by Altering the Balance between Memory and Regulatory T Cells.</a> J Immunol. 174, 6161-6168 (2005).</li><li>Merani, S., Toso, C., Emamaullee, J., Shapiro, A. M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimal+implantation+site+for+pancreatic+islet+transplantation.">Optimal implantation site for pancreatic islet transplantation.</a> British Journal of Surgery. 95, 1449-1461 (2008).</li><li>Inoue, M., Maeno, T., Hatchell, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Survival+of+allografted+pancreatic+islets+in+the+subretinal+space+in+rats.">Survival of allografted pancreatic islets in the subretinal space in rats.</a> Ophthalmic Res. 35, 48-53 (2003).</li></ol>

Não há conflitos de interesse declarados.

Nas seções acima, descrevemos as etapas detalhadas para isolar e transplante de ilhotas pancreáticas mouse. Aqui, nós destacar brevemente os passos que são críticos para o sucesso dos procedimentos. 1. Isolamento de ilhotas Os principais passos são a identificação de um tempo de digestão enzimática ótima (1,4), o posicionamento da pinça hemostática sobre a abertura duodenal do ducto biliar comum (2.2.3), canulação do ducto biliar comum (2,3), agitação vigorosa do pâncreas após as 37 ° C digerir (3.2), e remoção de contaminação das células exócrinas (3.3.7 e 3.3.16). Estes passos têm uma influência dramática sobre o rendimento, qualidade e pureza de ilhotas. Talvez o passo mais tecnicamente desafiador é a canulação do ducto biliar comum. Em muitos ratos, o ducto biliar comum podem ser difíceis de visualizar devido à fáscia circundante. Portanto, é comum que tenta canular o resultado do duto biliar comum na penetração do tecido fascia só. Nestes casos, o Liberase começa a encher o tecido conectivo e não perfundir o pâncreas. Se isso for constatado, interromper o fluxo de Liberase e reposicionar a agulha para que ela penetra no lúmen do ducto biliar. Com a prática, é possível identificar rapidamente a posição ideal para a colocação da agulha e para completar a canulação sem danificar a conduta friáveis. 2. Transplante de ilhotas Os passos críticos são a indução do diabetes STZ (5.1) e uma entrega eficiente de ilhotas para a bolsa subcapsular (5.3.14-5.3.16). STZ é um análogo da glicose que ocorre naturalmente e é seletivamente tóxico para as células secretoras de insulina β-células das ilhotas 9. No entanto, esta toxicidade seletiva ocorre em uma faixa de concentração relativamente estreita. Isto é evidenciado pelo fato de que altas doses de STZ pode resultar em rápida letalidade (2-3 dias), na ausência de hiperglicemia. Portanto, cuidados devem ser tomados para identificar a dose ideal de STZ para a estirpe e idade dos camundongos sendo usadas antes de qualquer experimento de grande escala são iniciadas. A entrega física das ilhotas à bolsa subcapsular também é um passo fundamental. Para alcançar resultados consistentes, é imprescindível para minimizar a perda de ilhotas durante sua entrega. Isto pode ocorrer se houver defeitos ou rasgos na cápsula renal cobrindo a bolsa ou se o volume injetado é muito grande. Danos à cápsula pode ser evitado através de uma manipulação delicada e cuidadosa, e usando sonda de vidro liso para preparar a bolsa subcapsular. Além disso, o volume de injeção pode ser minimizado com a remoção cuidadosa do sobrenadante no passo 5.3.6.3. Se o sobrenadante é removido até o nível das ilhotas sedimentado, normalmente há mais de espaço suficiente na bolsa subcapsular colocar 400-500 ilhotas. No entanto, se o volume de injeção é muito grande, as ilhotas são mais propensos a vazar para fora da bolsa durante o processo de transplante, comprometendo a reprodutibilidade do experimento. Dentro deste protocolo, é possível modificar alguns dos passos e ainda conseguir resultados satisfatórios. Estes incluem o seguinte: (a) o uso de uma enzima diferente para digerir o pâncreas, (b) um método diferente para a entrega da enzima para o pâncreas, (c) o uso de uma contínua Ficoll-diatrizoato de sódio (FSD) gradiente em vez da única etapa densidade Histopaque1077, e (d) transplante de ilhotas para outros locais do que o subcapsule rim. <ol class="lalpha"><li> Neste protocolo, Liberase é usada para enfraquecer os contatos célula-célula dentro do pâncreas. Liberase é essencialmente uma mistura de altamente purificada colagenases que provaram ser úteis na liberação de ilhotas de pâncreas. No entanto, colagenases menos purificados são capazes de realizar um resultado semelhante. Portanto, é possível usar diferentes preparações de enzimas disponíveis comercialmente para a digestão do pâncreas, enquanto a condição de digestão é otimizado para atingir a qualidade de ilhotas de alta, o rendimento e pureza. </li><li> Também é possível para digerir o pâncreas sem perfusão ductal de enzima. Entrega de Liberase através do ducto biliar comum permite a exposição máxima da superfície do pâncreas para a enzima. Isto resulta em mais digestão mesmo do pâncreas e maior liberação de ilhotas intacta. No entanto, outras medidas para aumentar a superfície do pâncreas para a enzima pode ser usado. Por exemplo, o pâncreas do picados antes de incubação em Liberase ou diretamente injetar Liberase através da cápsula de pâncreas pode ser usado para isolar ilhotas. No entanto, nenhum outro método de entrega Liberase é tão eficaz quanto a perfusão através do ducto biliar comum. Portanto, a injeção de picagem ou direta deve ser reservada como último recurso, se o ducto biliar comum está danificado e não perfusable. </li><li> Um método alternativo para a separação das ilhotas de células exócrinas envolve auso de um gradiente de FSD, em vez de Histopaque1077 10. A separação eficiente de ilhotas de células exócrinas neste protocolo é, em parte devido a um diferencial de densidade entre os dois tipos de células. Histopaque1077 tem uma densidade de 1,0771 g / ml a 25 ° C. A esta temperatura, Histopaque é mais denso do que as ilhotas, mas menos densa do que as células exócrinas. Portanto, sob a força da centrifugação, Histopaque1077 pellets as células exócrinas e levantando as ilhotas para a superfície. Em princípio, qualquer outra substância com uma densidade que isso pode separar ilhotas de células exócrinas podem ser usados ​​nesta etapa eo gradiente FSD é uma dessas substâncias. </li><li> Com relação ao local para transplante de ilhotas, a cápsula renal utilizado neste protocolo é um dos poucos sites possível. Enquanto o subcapsule rim é o local mais comumente relatados no transplante em camundongos, sites transplante outros foram encontrados para ser eficaz e que incluem o veia porta hepática, o espaço sub-retiniano, testículos, almofada de gordura epididimal, baço, pâncreas e até 11-14. Cada um desses locais tem suas próprias vantagens e desafios. Portanto, a seleção de um local para transplante de ilhotas devem ser determinados pelas questões abordadas e as circunstâncias específicas dos experimentos. </li></ol> Acredita-se que as estratégias que podem superar as limitações sobre transplante de ilhotas irá aumentar dramaticamente o seu potencial terapêutico. Portanto, o uso de um modelo murino, conforme detalhado por este protocolo oferece uma abordagem atrativa para a identificação de tais estratégias.

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<td>10771</td>
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<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>22362574</td>
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<td>Insulin Syringe</td>
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<td>BD Falcon</td>
<td>329461</td>
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<td>27 Gauge Syringe Needle</td>
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<td>BD Falcon</td>
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<td>NC9083963</td>
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<td>BD Falcon</td>
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<td>22363549</td>
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<td>6300</td>
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<td>Kent Scientific</td>
<td>INS14393</td>
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<td>Kent Scientific</td>
<td>INS500260</td>
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<td>Kent Scientific</td>
<td>INS15915</td>
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<td>Kent Scientific</td>
<td>INS 500451</td>
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<td>05408151</td>
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<td>USA Scientific</td>
<td>111-0730</td>
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a method for murine islet isolation and subcapsular kidney transplantation

Desde os primeiros trabalhos pioneiros de Ballinger e Reckard demonstrando que o transplante de ilhotas de Langerhans em roedores diabéticos poderia normalizar seus níveis de glicose no sangue, transplante de ilhotas tem sido proposta a ser um potencial tratamento para diabetes tipo 1,2 1. Mais recentemente, os avanços no transplante de ilhotas humanas reforçaram ainda mais essa visão 1,3. No entanto, duas grandes limitações evitar transplante de ilhotas de ser uma realidade generalizada clínicos: (a) a exigência de um grande número de ilhotas por paciente, o que reduz severamente o número de potenciais receptores, e (b) a necessidade de imunossupressão pesados, que afeta significativamente a população pediátrica de pacientes devido à sua vulnerabilidade à imunossupressão a longo prazo. Estratégias que possam superar essas limitações têm o potencial de aumentar a utilidade terapêutica do transplante de ilhotas. Transplante de ilhotas sob a cápsula renal do rato é um modelo amplamente aceito para investigar várias estratégias para melhorar transplante de ilhotas. Este experimento requer o isolamento de ilhotas de alta qualidade e implantação de ilhotas para os destinatários diabéticos. Ambos os procedimentos requerem etapas cirúrgicas que podem ser melhor demonstrada por vídeo do que pelo texto. Aqui, nós documentamos os passos detalhados para estes procedimentos por vídeo e protocolo escrito. Nós também discutir brevemente modelos de transplante diferentes: singênico, alogênico, auto-imunes singeneicos e alogênico auto-imunes.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Method for Murine Islet Isolation and Subcapsular Kidney Transplantation at JoVE.com

A Method for Murine Islet Isolation and Subcapsular Kidney Transplantation

Transplante de ilhotas isoladas foi proposto para ser um potencial tratamento para diabetes tipo 1. Aqui nós descrevemos um método para isolar ilhotas de rato pancreata e transplantá-las para o espaço subcapsular do rim.

Um método para isolamento de ilhotas murino e transplante renal subcapsular

Since the early pioneering work of Ballinger and Reckard demonstrating that transplantation of islets of Langerhans into diabetic rodents could normalize ...

a-method-for-murine-islet-isolation-subcapsular-kidney

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

63.3K visualizações.  The Ohio State University. Transplante de ilhotas isoladas foi proposto para ser um potencial tratamento para diabetes tipo 1. Aqui nós descrevemos um método para isolar ilhotas de rato pancreata e transplantá-las para o espaço subcapsular do rim.

Vídeo: A Method for Murine Islet Isolation and Subcapsular Kidney Transplantation

Development of Obliterative Bronchiolitis in a Murine Model of Orthotopic Lung Transplantation

Orthotopic lung transplantation in rats was first reported by Asimacopoulos and colleagues in 1971 1. Currently, this method is well accepted and standardized not only for the study of allo-rejection but also between syngeneic strains for examining mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion injury after lung transplantation. Although the application of the rat and other large animal model 2 contributed significantly to the elucidation of these studies, the scope of those investigations is limited by the scarcity of knockout and transgenic rats. Due to no effective therapies for obliterative bronchiolitis, the leading cause of death in lung transplant patients, there has been an intensive search for pre-clinical models that replicate obliterative bronchiolitis. The tracheal allograft model is the most widely used and may reproduce some of the histopathologic features of obliterative bronchiolitis 3. However, the lack of an intact vasculature with no connection to the recipient's conducting airways, and incomplete pathologic features of obliterative bronchiolitis limit the utility of this model 4. Unlike transplantation of other solid organs, vascularized mouse lung transplants have only recently been reported by Okazaki and colleagues for the first time in 2007 5. Applying the basic principles of the rat lung transplant, our lab initiated the obliterative bronchiolitis model using minor histoincompatible antigen murine orthotopic single-left lung transplants which allows the further study of obliterative bronchiolitis immunopathogenesis6.

Obliterative bronchiolitis is the key impediment to the long-term survival of lung transplant recipients and the lack of a robust preclinical model precludes examining obliterative bronchiolitis immunopathogenesis. Unlike other solid organ transplants, vascularized mouse lung transplantation has only recently been developed. Here we show our independently developed obliterative bronchiolitis model after murine orthotopic single-lung transplantation.

Desenvolvimento de bronquiolite obliterante em um modelo murino de transplante de pulmão ortotópico

Orthotopic lung transplantation in rats was first reported by Asimacopoulos and colleagues in 1971 1. Currently, this method is well accepted and ...

Medicina

Murine Cervical Heart Transplantation Model Using a Modified Cuff Technique

Mouse models are of special interest in research since a wide variety of monoclonal antibodies and commercially defined inbred and knockout strains are available to perform mechanistic in vivo studies. While heart transplantation models using a suture technique were first successfully developed in rats, the translation into an equally widespread used murine equivalent was never achieved due the technical complexity of the microsurgical procedure. In contrast, non-suture cuff techniques, also developed initially in rats, were successfully adapted for use in mice1-3. This technique for revascularization involves two major steps I) everting the recipient vessel over a polyethylene cuff; II) pulling the donor vessel over the formerly everted recipient vessel and holding it in place with a circumferential tie. This ensures a continuity of the endothelial layer, short operating time and very high patency rates4.
Using this technique for vascular anastomosis we performed more than 1,000 cervical heart transplants with an overall success rate of 95%. For arterial inflow the common carotid artery and the proximal aortic arch were anastomosed resulting in a retrograde perfusion of the transplanted heart. For venous drainage the pulmonary artery of the graft was anastomosed with the external jugular vein of the recipient5.
Herein, we provide additional details of this technique to supplement the video.

The murine cervical heart transplantation model is well suited for immunological as well as ischemia reperfusion injury studies. We modified the procedure using a non-suture cuff technique and performed more than 1,000 successful transplants with this approach.
Herein, we provide additional details of this technique to supplement the video.

Murino Cervical Modelo de coração Transplante usando uma técnica Cuff Modificado

Mouse models are of special interest in research since a wide variety of monoclonal antibodies and commercially defined inbred and knockout strains are ...

Murine Heterotopic Heart Transplant Technique

It is now over forty years since this technique was first reported by Corry, Wynn and Russell. Although it took some years for other labs to become proficient in and utilize this technique, it is now widely used by many laboratories around the world. A significant refinement to the original technique was developed and reported in 2001 by Niimi. Described here are the techniques that have evolved over more than a decade in the hands of three surgeons (Plenter, Grazia, Pietra) in our center. These techniques are now being passed on to a younger generation of surgeons and researchers.
Based largely on the Niimi experience, the procedures used have evolved in the fine details - details which we will endeavor to relate here in such a way that others may be able to use this very useful model. Like Niimi, we have found that a video aid to learning is a priceless resource for the beginner.

The manuscript describes the steps required to perform the heterotopic heart transplant in the mouse.

Técnica de transplante heterotópico Murino Coração

It is now over forty years since this technique was first reported by Corry, Wynn and Russell. Although it took some years for other labs to become ...

Murine Corneal Transplantation: A Model to Study the Most Common Form of Solid Organ Transplantation

Corneal transplantation is the most common form of organ transplantation in the United States with between 45,000 and 55,000 procedures performed each year. While several animal models exist for this procedure and mice are the species that is most commonly used. The reasons for using mice are the relative cost of using this species, the existence of many genetically defined strains that allow for the study of immune responses, and the existence of an extensive array of reagents that can be used to further define responses in this species. This model has been used to define factors in the cornea that are responsible for the relative immune privilege status of this tissue that enables corneal allografts to survive acute rejection in the absence of immunosuppressive therapy. It has also been used to define those factors that are most important in rejection of such allografts. Consequently, much of what we know concerning mechanisms of both corneal allograft acceptance and rejection are due to studies using a murine model of corneal transplantation. In addition to describing a model for acute corneal allograft rejection, we also present for the first time a model of late-term corneal allograft rejection.

Mice have been used as a model for studying many forms of transplantation, including corneal transplantation. We describe in this report a murine model for both acute and late-term corneal transplantation.

Murino transplante de córnea: Um modelo para estudar a forma mais comum de Transplante de Órgãos Sólidos

Corneal transplantation is the most common form of organ transplantation in the United States with between 45,000 and 55,000 procedures performed each ...

Mouse Kidney Transplantation: Models of Allograft Rejection

Rejection of the transplanted kidney in humans is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The mouse model of renal transplantation closely replicates both the technical and pathological processes that occur in human renal transplantation. Although mouse models of allogeneic rejection in organs other than the kidney exist, and are more technically feasible, there is evidence that different organs elicit disparate rejection modes and dynamics, for instance the time course of rejection in cardiac and renal allograft differs significantly in certain strain combinations. This model is an attractive tool for many reasons despite its technical challenges. As inbred mouse strain haplotypes are well characterized it is possible to choose donor and recipient combinations to model acute allograft rejection by transplanting across MHC class I and II loci. Conversely by transplanting between strains with similar haplotypes a chronic process can be elicited were the allograft kidney develops interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. We have modified the surgical technique to reduce operating time and improve ease of surgery, however a learning curve still needs to be overcome in order to faithfully replicate the model. This study will provide key points in the surgical procedure and aid the process of establishing this technique.

Here, we present a protocol to study the immunology of rejection. The surgical model presented reports a short operating time and a concise technique. Depending on the donor-recipient strain combination, the transplanted kidney may develop acute cellular rejection or chronic allograft damage, defined by interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy.

Rato Transplante Renal: Modelos de rejeição de enxertos

Rejection of the transplanted kidney in humans is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The mouse model of renal transplantation closely ...

Murine Kidney Transplant Technique

The first mouse kidney transplant technique was published in 19731 by the Russell laboratory. Although it took some years for other labs to become proficient in and utilize this technique, it is now widely used by many laboratories around the world. A significant refinement to the original technique using the donor aorta to form the arterial anastomosis instead of the renal artery was developed and reported in 1993 by Kalina and Mottram 2 with a further advancement coming from the same laboratory in 1999 3. While one can become proficient in this model, a search of the literature reveals that many labs still experience a high proportion of graft loss due to arterial thrombosis. We describe here a technique that was devised in our laboratory that vastly reduces the arterial thrombus reported by others 4,5. This is achieved by forming a heel-and-toe cuff of the donor infra-renal aorta that facilitates a larger anastomosis and straighter blood flow into the kidney.

The goal of this manuscript is to describe the steps required to perform a kidney transplant in a mouse, paying particular attention to the details of the arterial anastomosis.

Rim murino técnica de transplante

The first mouse kidney transplant technique was published in 19731 by the Russell laboratory. Although it took some years for other labs to become ...

Normothermic Ex Vivo Kidney Perfusion for the Preservation of Kidney Grafts prior to Transplantation

Kidney transplantation has become a well-established treatment option for patients with end-stage renal failure. The persisting organ shortage remains a serious problem. Therefore, the acceptance criteria for organ donors have been extended leading to the usage of marginal kidney grafts. These marginal organs tolerate cold storage poorly resulting in increased preservation injury and higher rates of delayed graft function. To overcome the limitations of cold storage, extensive research is focused on alternative normothermic preservation methods.
Ex vivo normothermic organ perfusion is an innovative preservation technique. The first experimental and clinical trials for ex vivo lung, liver, and kidney perfusions demonstrated favorable outcomes.
In addition to the reduction of cold ischemic injury, the method of normothermic kidney storage offers the opportunity for organ assessment and repair. This manuscript provides information about kidney retrieval, organ preservation techniques, and isolated ex vivo normothermic kidney perfusion (NEVKP) in a porcine model. Surgical techniques, set up for the perfusion solution and the circuit, potential assessment options, and representative results are demonstrated.

Normothermic Ex Vivo Kidney Perfusion for the Preservation of Kidney Grafts prior to Transplantation

The severe organ shortage has resulted in increased use of marginal kidney grafts for transplantation. This has triggered interest in alternative storage methods, since marginal grafts especially tolerate cold storage poorly. The technique of normothermic ex vivo kidney perfusion (NEVKP) represents a novel preservation method for kidney grafts prior to &#160;transplantation.

Normotérmica<em&gt; Ex Vivo</em&gt; Perfusão rim para a Preservação do rim Os enxertos antes do transplante

Kidney transplantation has become a well-established treatment option for patients with end-stage renal failure. The persisting organ shortage remains a ...

A Novel Clinical Grade Isolation Method for Human Kidney Perivascular Stromal Cells

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) are tissue homeostatic and immune modulatory cells that have shown beneficial effects in kidney diseases and transplantation. Perivascular Stromal Cells (PSCs) share characteristics with bone marrow MSCs (bmMSCs). However, they also possess, most likely due to local imprinting, tissue-specific properties and play a role in local tissue homeostasis. This tissue specificity may result in tissue specific repair, also within the human kidney. We previously showed that human kidney PSCs (kPSCs) have enhanced kidney epithelial wound healing whereas bmMSCs did not have this potential. Moreover, kPSCs can ameliorate kidney injury in vivo. Therefore, kPSCs constitute an interesting source for cell therapy, particularly for kidney diseases and renal transplantation. Here we show the detailed isolation and culture method for kPSCs from transplant-grade human kidneys based on whole-organ perfusion of digestive enzymes via the renal artery and enrichment for the perivascular marker NG2. In this way, large cell quantities can be obtained that are suitable for cellular therapy.

Here we present a novel clinical grade isolation and culture method for kidney Perivascular Stromal Cells (kPSCs) based on whole organ perfusion with digestive enzymes and NG2-cell enrichment. With this method, it is possible to acquire sufficient cell numbers for cellular therapy.

Um método de isolamento do romance grau clínico para rim humano Perivascular de células do estroma

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) are tissue homeostatic and immune modulatory cells that have shown beneficial effects in kidney diseases and ...

Orthotopic Rat Kidney Transplantation: A Novel and Simplified Surgical Approach

Kidney transplantation offers increased survival rates and improved quality of life for patients with end-stage renal disease, as compared to any type of renal replacement therapy. Over the past few decades, the rat kidney transplantation model has been used to study the immunological phenomena of rejection and tolerance. This model has become an indispensable tool to test new immunomodulatory pharmaceuticals and regimens prior to proceeding with expensive preclinical large animal studies.
This protocol provides a detailed overview of how to reliably perform orthotopic kidney transplantation in rats. This protocol includes three distinctive steps that increase the probability of success: perfusion of the donor kidney by flushing through the portal vein and the use of a cuff system to anastomose the renal veins and ureters, thereby decreasing cold and warm ischemia times. Using this technique, we have achieved survival rates beyond 6 months with normal serum creatinine in animals with syngeneic or tolerant kidney transplants. Depending on the aim of the study, this model can be modified by pre- or posttransplant treatments to study the acute, chronic, cellular, or antibody-mediated rejection. It is a reproducible, reliable, and cost-effective animal model to study different aspects of kidney transplantation.

The purpose of this manuscript and protocol is to explain and demonstrate in detail the surgical procedure of orthotopic kidney transplantation in rats. This method is simplified to achieve the correct perfusion of the donor kidney and shorten the reperfusion time by using the venous and ureteral cuff anastomosis technique.

Transplante de rim de rato ortotópico: uma abordagem cirúrgica nova e simplificada

Kidney transplantation offers increased survival rates and improved quality of life for patients with end-stage renal disease, as compared to any type of ...

Optical Clearing and Imaging of Immunolabeled Kidney Tissue

Optical clearing techniques render tissue transparent by equilibrating the refractive index throughout a sample for subsequent three-dimensional (3-D) imaging. They have received great attention in all research areas for the potential to analyze microscopic multicellular structures that extend over macroscopic distances. Given that kidney tubules, vasculature, nerves, and glomeruli extend in many directions, which have been only partially captured by traditional two-dimensional techniques so far, tissue clearing also opened up many new areas of kidney research. The list of optical clearing methods is rapidly growing, but it remains difficult for beginners in this field to choose the best method for a given research question. Provided here is a simple method that combines antibody labeling of thick mouse kidney slices; optical clearing with cheap, non-toxic and ready-to-use chemical ethyl cinnamate; and confocal imaging. This protocol describes how to perfuse kidneys and use an antigen-retrieval step to increase antibody- binding without requiring specialized equipment. Its application is presented in imaging different multicellular structures within the kidney, and how to troubleshoot poor antibody penetration into tissue is addressed. We also discuss the potential difficulties of imaging endogenous fluorophores and acquiring very large samples and how to overcome them. This simple protocol provides an easy-to-setup and comprehensive tool to study tissue in three dimensions.

The combination of antibody labeling, optical clearing, and advanced light microscopy allows three-dimensional analysis of complete structures or organs. Described here is a simple method to combine immunolabeling of thick kidney slices, optical clearing with ethyl cinnamate, and confocal imaging that enables visualization and quantification of three-dimensional kidney structures.

Esclarecimento ótico e imagem latente do tecido Immunolabeled do rim

Optical clearing techniques render tissue transparent by equilibrating the refractive index throughout a sample for subsequent three-dimensional (3-D) ...