Este estudo foi apoiado pelo &quot;Fundo Médico-Científico do major da cidade de Viena &#39;e Biosurgery Ethicon, Inc. New Jersey, EUA. Os autores expressam seus agradecimentos ao Professor Heber Ferraz-Leite, Director do &quot;Seminário Europeu sobre Microcirurgia e Revascularização Cerebral&quot;, da Universidade Médica de Viena, na Áustria, por seu ensinamento valioso microcirúrgica.

1. Posicionamento e preparação do animal Os experimentos foram aprovados pelo comitê local responsável ética e realizada de acordo com as diretrizes Felasa. <ol><li> Iniciar a anestesia geral da fêmea de coelho Nova Zelândia Branco (2,5-3,5 kg) com injeção intramuscular de cetamina (30mg/kg) e xilazina (6mg/kg) e continuar após intubação mecânica (diâmetro do tubo de 4mm, comprimento 18mm) com anestesia de gás ( ) isoflurano sob monitorização ECG. Realizar o monitoramento via dor pitada toe todos os 15 minutos e adaptar-se a anestesia em caso de resposta positiva. </li><li> Corrigir o coelho em decúbito dorsal em uma placa bodywarm. </li><li> Preparar a área para a cirurgia de remoção dos pêlos, que vão desde o ângulo da mandíbula até o meio do tórax. Executar todos os procedimentos em condições estéreis. </li></ol> 2. Preparação da veia jugular externa <ol><li> Realizar uma incisão mediana do ângulo da mandíbula até o manúbrio. </li><li> Usando o microscópio de operação, selecione um segmento de 1 cm longo da veia jugular externa esquerda sem ramos venosos e isolá-lo microcirurgicamente (Figura 1a). Durante toda a operação com freqüência aplicar 4% papaverin solução de HCl ea solução de antibiótico (neomicina sulfato de 5mg/ml) por via tópica sobre os vasos e anastomoses para prevenir infecções vasoespasmo e local. </li><li> Ligadura da veia proximal e distalmente com suturas polyfilament 4-0 (Vicryl, Ethicon Inc, New Jersey, EUA), em seguida, ressecar-lo e mantê-la em solução salina heparinizada (1000 UI de heparina em 20 ml de soro de 0,9% e 1 ml de 4% papaverin HCl ). </li></ol> 3. Preparação de ambas as artérias carótidas comuns (CCAs) <ol><li> Prepare um segmento do CCA deixaram chegar a partir da bifurcação da carótida até o arco aórtico. Preservar, tanto quanto possível ramos arteriais rodando medialmente e fornecimento de estruturas da laringe e traquéia, bem como todas as estruturas neurais. </li><li> Prepare o CCA direita. Mobilizá-la até a bifurcação carotídea e para baixo para o tronco bracchiocephalic. </li><li> Administrar 1.000 UI de heparina por via intravenosa. </li><li> Clipe da CCA direito temporariamente logo abaixo da bifurcação carotídea. </li><li> Ligadura do CCA direito proximalmente diretamente acima do tronco braquiocefálico. Corte o CCA logo acima da ligadura e irrigar o coto com solução salina heparinizada. </li><li> Corte e ressecar cuidadosamente a adventícia na extremidade livre do CCA direita. Livre meticulosamente o segmento da CCA deixou planejado para a anastomose da adventícia e clipe distal e proximal. </li></ol> 4. Anastomose de ambos os CCAs <ol><li> Realizar uma arteriotomia elíptica do CCA deixado entre os clipes de acordo com o tamanho da anastomose planejada com o CCA direita e da bolsa venosa. Irrigar o CCA esquerda, com solução salina heparinizada. (Figura 1b) </li><li> Sutura da circunferência posterior do direito CCA-tronco para a arteriotomia da CCA esquerda, usando 4-5 não-reabsorvíveis 10-0 suturas monofilamento (Ethilon 10-0, Ethicon Inc, New Jersey, EUA). </li><li> Faça um corte longitudinal no coto do CCA direito de adaptar-se a metade da circunferência da bolsa venosa. Anastomosar a parte de trás da parede venosa pela primeira vez com bolsa da arteriotomia no CCA esquerda, usando novamente 4-5 10-0 suturas. Então anastomose a parte de trás da bolsa venosa com a parte traseira do CCA direita com 3-4 suturas. (Figura 1c) </li><li> Confecção da anastomose na mesma ordem do lado anterior. (Figura 1d) </li><li> Remova o clipe distal no CCA direita. O aneurisma geralmente não é completamente vedada, portanto, lavar o ar preso e fora detritos. </li><li> Seal linhas de sutura em torno da anastomose e do colo do aneurisma com uma almofada de gordura e cola de fibrina (EVICEL, Ethicon Biosurgery Inc., New Jersey, EUA). Remova os clipes restantes. </li><li> Use 4-0 suturas reabsorvíveis (Monocryl, Ethicon Inc, New Jersey, EUA) para suturas interrompidas subcutâneo e, em seguida, para uma sutura cutaneus execução. </li></ol> 5. Manejo pós-operatório <ol><li> Administrar 10 mg de ácido / kg acetilsalicílico por via intravenosa, e 60 ml de glicose 5% por via subcutânea. </li><li> Aplicar adesivos de fentanil transdérmico matriz liberando 12,5 mg / hora na região do pescoço raspado dos animais para analgesia eficaz durante 72 horas. </li><li> Administrar 250 UI / kg de heparina de baixo peso molecular por via subcutânea diariamente por 2 semanas. </li></ol> 6. Resultados representativos: Se o procedimento for feito corretamente, o aneurisma vai ficar patente e os animais se recuperam dentro de cerca de 3 dias. Em nossa experiência um procedimentos de imagem deve ser feita no mínimo uma semana mais tarde. Caso contrário, os animais possivelmente não irá tolerar o procedimento e podem ser perdidos. Para embolização, recomendamos que esperar por cerca de 4 semanas para garantir complete endotelização do aneurisma neck.Using as técnicas apresentadas e gestão os autores poderiam chegar a permeabilidade do aneurisma em 85,7% e ausência de mortalidade em suas séries recentemente publicadas. 14 Para minimizar o alto índice de complicações intestinais relatadas de até 20%, 12 nós fornecemos um manejo pós-operatório prolongado analgetic de 72 horas analgesia quando comparada à rotina de gerenciamento analgesia.This 24 horas intensificou não resultou em complicações gástricas. A gestão anticoagulação agressiva é importante para alcançar as taxas de permeabilidade suficiente aneurisma. Isto vai junto com os achados de Grunwald et al. mostrando os efeitos positivos da anticoagulação combinados. 17 Por causa da anticoagulação agressiva, é fundamental ter uma vedação eficaz da anastomose. Fizemos uma experiência muito boa usando o novo cola de fibrina (EVICEL, Ethicon Biosurgery Inc., New Jersey, EUA). Além disso recomendamos o uso de coelhos pequena (máximo de 3,5 kg), como em nossa experiência complicações são muitas vezes relacionadas às pessoas com sobrepeso.

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	<li>Molyneux, A., Kerr, R., Yu, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=International+subarachnoid+aneurysm+trial+(ISAT)+of+neurosurgical+clipping+versus+endovascular+coiling+in+2143+patients+with+ruptured+intracranial+aneurysms:+a+randomised+comparison+of+effects+on+survival,+dependency,+seizures,+rebleeding,+subgroups,+and+aneurysm+occlusion.">International subarachnoid aneurysm trial (ISAT) of neurosurgical clipping versus endovascular coiling in 2143 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a randomised comparison of effects on survival, dependency, seizures, rebleeding, subgroups, and aneurysm occlusion.</a> Lancet. 366, 809-817 (2005).</li><li>Mitchell, P., Kerr, R., Mendelow, A., Molyneux, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Could+late+rebleeding+overturn+the+superiority+of+cranial+aneurysm+coil+embolization+over+clip+ligation+seen+in+the+International+Subarachnoid+Aneurysm+Trial.">Could late rebleeding overturn the superiority of cranial aneurysm coil embolization over clip ligation seen in the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial.</a> J Neurosur. 108, 437-442 (2008).</li><li>Bavinzski, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Histopathological+findings+in+experimental+aneurysms+embolized+with+conventional+and+thrombogenic/antithrombolytic+Guglielmi+coils.">Histopathological findings in experimental aneurysms embolized with conventional and thrombogenic/antithrombolytic Guglielmi coils.</a> Minim Invasive Neurosurg. 42, 167-174 (1999).</li><li>Bocher-Schwarz, H. 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Os autores recomendam a consideração o seguinte crítica cirúrgica passos fundamentais para obter bons resultados e aneurismas de patentes: <ol><li> Dissecção cuidadosa de um longo segmento da CCA esquerda para anastomose fácil, sem destruição de nervos e vasos de pequeno porte. </li><li> Remoção cuidadosa do tecido fibroso altamente trombogênico periadventicial antes da criação da anastomose. </li><li> Criação de uma anastomose sem tensão. </li><li> Suturas menos: A sequência proposta de sites anas...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><th> Nome do reagente </th><th> Companhia </th><th> Número de catálogo </th><th> Comentários </th></tr><tr><td> Vicryl4-0 polyfilament suturas restorable </td><td> Ethicon Inc </td><td> J386H </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Ethilon 10-0 monofios não suturas reabsorvíveis </td><td> Ethicon Inc </td><td> 2814 </td><td> agulha de ponto de taper </td></tr><tr><td> EVICEL Bioglue </td><td> Ethicon Biosurgery Inc. </td><td> 3901 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Fentanil mancha cutânea 12,5 mg / h </td><td></td><td></td><td> Qualquer genericon </td></tr><tr><td> Heparina </td><td></td><td></td><td> Qualquer genericon </td></tr><tr><td> Saline 0,9% </td><td></td><td></td><td> Qualquer genericon </td></tr><tr><td> 4% Papaverin HCl </td><td></td><td></td><td> Qualquer genericon </td></tr><tr><td> Sulfato de neomicina 5 mg / ml </td><td></td><td></td><td> Qualquer genericon </td></tr><tr><td> Cetamina 50mg/ml </td><td></td><td></td><td> Qualquer genericon </td></tr><tr><td> Xilazina 20mg/ml </td><td></td><td></td><td> Qualquer genericon </td></tr></tbody></table>

microsurgical venous pouch arterial-bifurcation aneurysms in the rabbit model: technical aspects

Para ruptura humana aneurismas cerebrais embolização endovascular tornou-se uma alternativa equivalente a clipping aneurisma 1. Entretanto, grandes ensaios clínicos mostraram decepcionantes resultados a longo prazo com altas taxas inaceitáveis ​​de recanalização do aneurisma e ruptura do aneurisma atrasado. 2 Para superar esses problemas, estudos experimentais em animais são cruciais para o desenvolvimento de melhores dispositivos endovasculares. 3-5 Diversos modelos animais em ratos, coelhos, caninos e suínos estão disponíveis. 6-8 Comparações dos diferentes modelos animais mostraram a superioridade do modelo de coelho em relação à hemodinâmica e comparabilidade do sistema de coagulação e de custo-efetividade. 9-11 A bolsa modelo de bifurcação venosa arterial em coelhos é formado por uma bolsa venosa suturada em uma bifurcação criadas artificialmente verdadeiro de ambas as artérias carótida comum (ACC). A principal vantagem deste modelo são verdadeiras hemodinâmica bifurcational. 12 As principais dificuldades são as exigências de microcirurgia sofar alto nível técnico e alta morbidade e mortalidade de até 50% 13. Essas limitações têm resultado em menos uso freqüente deste modelo aneurisma na recente anos. Estas deficiências podem ser superadas com melhoria dos procedimentos cirúrgicos e modificado peri-e pós-operatório e gestão analgetic anticoagulação. 14-16 Nossas técnicas relatado neste artigo demonstrar esta técnica para a criação otimizada microcirúrgica dos aneurismas da bifurcação arterial.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Microsurgical Venous Pouch Arterial-Bifurcation Aneurysms in the Rabbit Model: Technical Aspects at JoVE.com

Microsurgical Venous Pouch Arterial-Bifurcation Aneurysms in the Rabbit Model: Technical Aspects

Uma técnica para a criação otimizada microcirúrgica dos aneurismas da bifurcação arterial imitando bifurcação humana aneurismas cerebrais é descrita. Uma bolsa venosa é suturada em uma bifurcação criadas artificialmente verdadeiro de ambas as artérias carótida comum. Técnicas microcirúrgicas facilitado e anticoagulação pós-operatória agressiva e analgesia levar a taxas de morbidade minimizados e bons índices de permeabilidade aneurisma.

Microcirúrgica venoso Bolsa Bifurcação Arterial-aneurismas no Modelo de Coelho: Aspectos Técnicos

For ruptured human cerebral aneurysms endovascular embolization has become an equivalent alternative to aneurysm clipping.1 However, large clinical trials ...

microsurgical-venous-pouch-arterial-bifurcation-aneurysms-rabbit

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

13.9K visualizações.  Hospital Rudolfstiftung. Uma técnica para a criação otimizada microcirúrgica dos aneurismas da bifurcação arterial imitando bifurcação humana aneurismas cerebrais é descrita. Uma bolsa venosa é suturada em uma bifurcação criadas artificialmente verdadeiro de ambas as artérias carótida comum. Técnicas microcirúrgicas facilitado e anticoagulação pós-operatória agressiva e analgesia levar a taxas de morbidade minimizados e bons índices de permeabilidade aneurisma.

Vídeo: Microsurgical Venous Pouch Arterial-Bifurcation Aneurysms in the Rabbit Model: Technical Aspects

Technical Aspects of the Mouse Aortocaval Fistula

Technical aspects of creating an arteriovenous fistula in the mouse are discussed. Under general anesthesia, an abdominal incision is made, and the aorta and inferior vena cava (IVC) are exposed. The proximal infrarenal aorta and the distal aorta are dissected for clamp placement and needle puncture, respectively. Special attention is paid to avoid dissection between the aorta and the IVC. After clamping the aorta, a 25 G needle is used to puncture both walls of the aorta into the IVC. The surrounding connective tissue is used for hemostatic compression. Successful creation of the AVF will show pulsatile arterial blood flow in the IVC. Further confirmation of successful AVF can be achieved by post-operative Doppler ultrasound.

The goal is to produce an arteriovenous fistula that is simple and reproducible. This method does not use sutures or glue adhesive. Therefore the samples can be used with the least amount of foreign materials for analysis.

Aspectos técnicos da artocava Fístula Rato

Technical aspects of creating an arteriovenous fistula in the mouse are discussed. Under general anesthesia, an abdominal incision is made, and the aorta ...

Medicina

The Helsinki Rat Microsurgical Sidewall Aneurysm Model

Experimental saccular aneurysm models are necessary for testing novel surgical and endovascular treatment options and devices before they are introduced into clinical practice. Furthermore, experimental models are needed to elucidate the complex aneurysm biology leading to rupture of saccular aneurysms.
Several different kinds of experimental models for saccular aneurysms have been established in different species. Many of them, however, require special skills, expensive equipment, or special environments, which limits their widespread use. A simple, robust, and inexpensive experimental model is needed as a standardized tool that can be used in a standardized manner in various institutions.
The microsurgical rat abdominal aortic sidewall aneurysm model combines the possibility to study both novel endovascular treatment strategies and the molecular basis of aneurysm biology in a standardized and inexpensive manner. Standardized grafts by means of shape, size, and geometry are harvested from a donor rat&#39;s descending thoracic aorta and then transplanted to a syngenic recipient rat. The aneurysms are sutured end-to-side with continuous or interrupted 9-0 nylon sutures to the infrarenal abdominal aorta.
We present step-by-step procedural instructions, information on necessary equipment, and discuss important anatomical and surgical details for successful microsurgical creation of an abdominal aortic sidewall aneurysm in the rat.

Microsurgical sidewall aneurysms in rats are created by end-to-side anastomosis of an aortic graft to the abdominal aorta. We present step-by-step instructions and discuss anatomical and surgical details for successful experimental saccular aneurysm creation.

O Helsinki Rat microcirúrgica Sidewall Aneurysm Modelo

Experimental saccular aneurysm models are necessary for testing novel surgical and endovascular treatment options and devices before they are introduced ...

The Rabbit Blood-shunt Model for the Study of Acute and Late Sequelae of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Technical Aspects

Early brain injury and delayed cerebral vasospasm both contribute to unfavorable outcomes after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Reproducible and controllable animal models that simulate both conditions are presently uncommon. Therefore, new models are needed in order to mimic human pathophysiological conditions resulting from SAH.
This report describes the technical nuances of a rabbit blood-shunt SAH model that enables control of intracerebral pressure (ICP). An extracorporeal shunt is placed between the arterial system and the subarachnoid space, which enables examiner-independent SAH in a closed cranium. Step-by-step procedural instructions and necessary equipment are described, as well as technical considerations to produce the model with minimal mortality and morbidity. Important details required for successful surgical creation of this robust, simple and consistent ICP-controlled SAH rabbit model are described.

The experimental intracranial pressure-controlled blood shunt subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) model in the rabbit combines the standard procedures &#8212; subclavian artery cannulation and transcutaneous cisterna magna puncture, which enables close mimicking of human pathophysiological conditions after SAH. We present step-by-step instructions and discuss key surgical points for successful experimental SAH creation.

O coelho Modelo Blood-shunt para o Estudo da aguda e tardia Sequelas de hemorragia subaracnóidea: Aspectos Técnicos

Early brain injury and delayed cerebral vasospasm both contribute to unfavorable outcomes after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Reproducible and ...

A Murine Model of Arterial Restenosis: Technical Aspects of Femoral Wire Injury

Cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in the developed world. Narrowing of the vessel lumen, due to atherosclerotic plaque development or the rupturing of established plaques, interrupts normal blood flow leading to various morbidities such as myocardial infarction and stroke. In the clinic endovascular procedures such as angioplasty are commonly performed to reopen the lumen. However, these treatments inevitably damage the vessel wall as well as the vascular endothelium, triggering an excessive healing response and the development of a neointimal plaque that extends into the lumen causing vessel restenosis (re-narrowing). Restenosis remains a major cause of failure of endovascular treatments for atherosclerosis. Thus, preclinical animal models of restenosis are vitally important for investigating the pathophysiological mechanisms as well as translational approaches to vascular interventions. Among several murine experimental models, femoral artery wire injury is widely accepted as the most suitable for studies of post-angioplasty restenosis because it closely resembles the angioplasty procedure that injures both endothelium and vessel wall. However, many researchers have difficulty utilizing this model due to its high degree of technical difficulty. This is primarily because a metal wire needs to be inserted into the femoral artery, which is approximately three times thinner than the wire, to generate sufficient injury to induce prominent neointima. Here, we describe the essential surgical details to effectively overcome the major technical difficulties of this model. By following the presented procedures, performing the mouse femoral artery wire injury becomes easier. Once familiarized, the whole procedure can be completed within 20 min.

The mouse femoral artery wire injury model of restenosis is technically challenging. In this protocol we show the key technical details essential for successfully performing wire injury to induce consistent&#160;neointima for studies of restenosis.

Um modelo murino de Arterial Restenosis: Aspectos Técnicos do Femoral Injury Fio

Cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in the developed world. Narrowing of the vessel lumen, due to ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and drugs. It is widely used in many studies on the physiological functions of vascular smooth muscle, the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as hypertension, and the development of smooth muscle relaxant drugs. The mouse is a widely used model animal with a large pool of disease models and genetically modified strains. We introduced this method to measure the isometric contraction of mouse mesenteric artery in detail. A 1.4-mm segment of mouse mesenteric resistance artery was isolated and mounted on a myograph chamber by passing two steel wires through its lumen. After equilibration and normalization steps, the vessel segment was potentiated by a high-K+ solution twice prior to the contraction assay. As an example of the application of this method in drug development, we measured the relaxant effect of a novel natural substance, neoliensinine, isolated from a Chinese herb, embryos of the lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) on mouse mesenteric arteries. The vessel segments mounted on the myograph chamber were stimulated with a high-K+ solution. When the force tension reached a stable sustained phase, cumulative doses of neoliensinine were added to the chamber. We found that neoliensinine had a dose-dependent relaxant effect on smooth muscle contraction, thus suggesting that it bears potential activity against hypertension. In addition, as the vessel segment can survive at least 4 hours after mounting and maintain contractility induced by the high-K+ solution for many times, we suggest that the wire myograph system may be used for the time-consuming process of drug screening.

The wire myograph technique is used to investigate vascular smooth muscle functions and screen new drugs. We report a detailed protocol for measuring the isometric contractility of the mouse mesenteric artery and for screening new relaxants of vascular smooth muscle.

Medição de contratilidade isométrica da artéria mesentérica Mouse usando fio miografia

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...

Transthoracic Echocardiographic Examination in the Rabbit Model

Large animal models such as the rabbit are valuable for translational preclinical research. Rabbits have a similar cardiac electrophysiology compared to that of humans and that of other large animal models such as dogs and pigs. However, the rabbit model has the additional advantage of lower maintenance costs compared to other large animal models. The longitudinal evaluation of cardiac function using echocardiography, when appropriately implemented, is a useful methodology for preclinical assessment of novel therapies for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (e.g. cardiac regeneration). The correct use of this non-invasive tool requires the implementation of a standardized examination protocol following international guidelines. Here we describe, step by step, a detailed protocol supervised by veterinary cardiologists for performing echocardiography in the rabbit model, and demonstrate how to correctly obtain the different echocardiographic views and imaging planes, as well as the different imaging modes available in a clinical echocardiography system routinely used in human and veterinary patients.

Here we describe, step by step, a detailed protocol for performing echocardiography in the rabbit model. We show how to correctly obtain the different echocardiographic views and imaging planes, as well as the different imaging modes available in a clinical echocardiography system routinely used in human and veterinary patients.

Exame ecocardiográfico transtorácico no modelo coelho

Large animal models such as the rabbit are valuable for translational preclinical research. Rabbits have a similar cardiac electrophysiology compared to ...

A Rabbit Venous Interposition Model Mimicking Revascularization Surgery using Vein Grafts to Assess Intimal Hyperplasia under Arterial Blood Pressure

Although vein grafts have been commonly used as autologous grafts in revascularization surgeries for ischemic diseases, the long-term patency remains poor because of the acceleration of intimal hyperplasia due to the exposure to arterial blood pressure. The present protocol is designed for the establishment of experimental venous intimal hyperplasia by interposing rabbit jugular veins to the ipsilateral carotid arteries. The protocol does not require surgical procedures deep in the body trunk and the extent of the incision is limited, which is less invasive for the animals, allowing long-term observation after implantation. This simple procedure enables researchers to investigate strategies to attenuate the progression of intimal hyperplasia of the implanted vein grafts. Using this protocol, we reported the effects transduction of microRNA-145 (miR-145), which is known to control the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the proliferative to the contractile state, into harvested vein grafts. We confirmed the attenuation of intimal hyperplasia of vein grafts by transducing miR-145 before implantation surgery through the phenotype change of the VSMCs. Here we report a less invasive experimental platform to investigate the strategies that can be used to attenuate intimal hyperplasia of vein grafts in revascularization surgeries.

The present protocol aims to experimentally create venous intimal hyperplasia by subjecting veins to arterial blood pressure for developing strategies to attenuate venous intimal hyperplasia following revascularization surgery using vein grafts.

Um modelo de interposição venosa de coelho imitando cirurgia de revascularização usando enxertos de veia para avaliar hiperplasia intimal sob pressão arterial

Although vein grafts have been commonly used as autologous grafts in revascularization surgeries for ischemic diseases, the long-term patency remains poor ...

Creation of Two Saccular Elastase-Digested Aneurysms with Different Hemodynamics in One Rabbit

Preclinical animal models with hemodynamic, morphologic, and histologic characteristics close to human intracranial aneurysms play a key role in the understanding of the pathophysiological processes and the development and testing of new therapeutic strategies. This study aims to describe a new rabbit aneurysm model that allows the creation of two elastase-digested saccular aneurysms with different hemodynamic conditions within the same animal.
Five female New Zealand white rabbits with a mean weight of 4.0 (&#177; 0.3) kg and mean age of 25 (&#177;5) weeks underwent microsurgical stump and bifurcation aneurysm creation. One aneurysm (stump) was created by right common carotid artery (CCA) exposure at its origin at the brachiocephalic trunk. A temporary clip was applied at the CCA origin and another, 2 cm above. This segment was treated with a local injection of 100 U of elastase for 20 min. A second aneurysm (bifurcation) was created by suturing an elastase-treated arterial pouch into the end-to-side anastomosis of the right CCA to left CCA. Patency was controlled by fluorescence angiography immediately after creation.
The average duration of surgery was 221 min. The creation of two aneurysms in the same animal was successful in all rabbits without complication. All aneurysms were patent immediately after surgery except for one bifurcation aneurysm, which showed an extreme tissue reaction due to elastase incubation and an immediate intraluminal thrombosis. No mortality was observed during surgery and up to one-month follow-up. Morbidity was limited to a transient vestibular syndrome (one rabbit), which recovered spontaneously within one day.
Demonstrated here for the first time is the feasibility of creating a two-aneurysm rabbit model with stump and bifurcation hemodynamic characteristics and highly degenerated wall conditions. This model allows the study of the natural course and potential treatment strategies on the basis of aneurysm biology under different flow conditions.

This protocol describes the steps for the creation of a rabbit model with two elastase-digested aneurysms with different hemodynamics (stump and bifurcation constellation). This allows the testing of novel endovascular devices in aneurysms with different angioarchitecture and hemodynamic conditions within a single animal.

Criação de dois aneurismas saculares digeridos por elastase com hemodinâmicas diferentes em um coelho

Preclinical animal models with hemodynamic, morphologic, and histologic characteristics close to human intracranial aneurysms play a key role in the ...

Isolated Lung Perfusion System in the Rabbit Model

The isolated lung perfusion system has been widely used in pulmonary research, contributing to elucidate the lungs&#39; inner workings, both micro and macroscopically. This technique is useful in the characterization of pulmonary physiology and pathology by measuring metabolic activities and respiratory functions, including interactions between circulatory substances and the effects of inhaled or perfused substances, as in drug testing. While in vitro methods involve the slicing and culturing of tissues, the isolated ex vivo lung perfusion system allows to work with a complete functional organ making possible the study of a continuous physiological function while recreating ventilation and perfusion. However, it should be noted that the effects of the absence of central innervation and lymphatic drainage still have to be fully assessed. This protocol aims to describe the assembly of the isolated lung apparatus, followed by the surgical extraction and cannulation of lungs and heart from experimental lab animals, as well as to display the perfusion technique and signal processing of data. The average viability of the isolated lung ranges between 5-8 h; during this period, the pulmonary capillary permeability increases, causing edema and lung injury. The functionality of preserved pulmonary tissue is measured by the capillary filtration coefficient (Kfc), used to determine the extent of pulmonary edema through time.

The isolated rabbit lung preparation is a gold standard tool in pulmonary research. This publication aims to describe the technique as developed for the study of physiological and pathological mechanisms involved in airway reactivity, lung preservation, and preclinical research in lung transplantation and pulmonary edema.

Sistema de Perfusão pulmonar isolado no modelo coelho

The isolated lung perfusion system has been widely used in pulmonary research, contributing to elucidate the lungs&#39; inner workings, both micro and ...

A Rabbit Aortic Valve Stenosis Model Induced by Direct Balloon Injury

Animal models are emerging as an important tool to understand the pathologic mechanisms underlying aortic valve stenosis (AVS) because of the lack of access to reliable sources of diseased human aortic valves. Among the various animal models, AVS rabbit models are one of the most commonly used in large animal studies. However, traditional AVS rabbit models require a long-term period of dietary supplementation and genetic manipulation to induce significant stenosis in the aortic valve, limiting their use in experimental studies. To address these limitations, a new AVS rabbit model is proposed, in which stenosis is induced by a direct balloon injury to the aortic valve. The present protocol describes a successful technique for inducing AVS in New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits, with step-by-step procedures for the preparation, the surgical procedure, and the post-operative care. This simple and reproducible model offers a promising approach for studying the initiation and progression of AVS and provides a valuable tool for investigating the underlying pathological mechanisms of the disease.

An appropriate animal model is needed to understand the pathologic mechanisms underlying aortic valve stenosis (AVS) and to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. The present protocol describes a new procedure for developing the AVS rabbit model via a direct balloon injury in vivo.

Modelo de estenose da valva aórtica de coelho induzida por lesão direta por balão

Animal models are emerging as an important tool to understand the pathologic mechanisms underlying aortic valve stenosis (AVS) because of the lack of ...